Ligonier Banner., Volume 42, Number 41, Ligonier, Noble County, 2 January 1908 — Page 6

The Ligonier Banner LIGONIER, - - INDIANA. A WEEK'S EVENTS RECORD OF THE MOST IMPORTANT HAPPENINGS IN ITEMIZED FORM. e 50 HOME AND FOREIGN NEWS Information Gathered from All Quarters of the Civilized .World and Prepared for the Perusal of the Busy Man. ’ * WASHINGTON NOTES. Rear Admiral W. H. Brownson resigned as chief of the naval bureau qf navigation, presumably because of disagreement with Surgeon General Rixey as to-putting medical officers in command of hospital ships. Com- " mander Cameron Winslow was named to succeed him. The officers and crews of the American fleet were given a hearty welcome at Port of Spain, Trindad, with garden _party, luncheon, ball games, etc. " The president signed a proclamation creating two additiors, agg;‘egating 78,000 acres, t 6 the San Gabriel national forest in southern California. Col. Woodbury, acting commander of the department of the Columbia, U. S. A, -said that the whele Pacific coast would be helpless in ® case the navy -should prove unable tQ prevent the landing of a force of 20,000 Japanese or other foreign arnfy,,at any of the_numerous unprotected bays along the coast. ) The American battleship fleet cele_brated Christmas at Port of .Spain with & dinner, regatta andgather emntertainments. e Senator Cullom introduced a joint resolution proposing an ampfldment to tHe constitution limiting the term of president and vice president to six years and >rohibiting a second term. William H. Taft, secretary of war, returded, from his trip around the world, bringing renewed assurance of Japan's friendliness toward the United States, but declining to say anything with respect to the political situation i this country. Speeches by Secretary Root, Presi,dent Luis Anderson and Ambassador Creel’ of Mexico, marked the close of the Central American peace conference, which had been in session in Washington for over a month, and had agreed to and signed eight distingt conventions. ( A verdict of.not-gililt}' was returned by the jury at-Washington in the case of the train érew who ,were indicted for manslaughter in connection with the wreck at Terre Cotta, D. C., on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad on December 30, 1906, in which 43 persons were killed and upward of three score injured. 1 Medals of a suitable character are to be given to all citizens of the United States who have served on the Isthmus of Panama for two years in the service of the government and who, during that period, have rendered sat-’ isfactory service.- £ , ) MISCELLANEOUS. Gov. Broward of Florida appointed ‘Williami James Bryan, of Jacksonville, to- be “United States senator, vice Stephen Russell Mallory, deceased, for ‘the balance of the terni, expiring March 1, 1909. . ) The Goldfield Mine Owners’ association filed in the circuit court of the district of Nevada a suit asking not only for an injunction against picketing and interfering, but for the final dissolution ‘of the Goldfield miners’ union. ' At Hyde Park, Mass., Dr. Walter R: Amesbury, of Milford, shot and instantly killed his wife Anna, a teacher of music in Roanoke college, Danville, Va., as the family were about to sit down to Christmas dinner. . The St. Louis university boys, champions of the southwest, were beaten by the Washington State college football team, 11 to 0, at. Spokane. Lawrence Delmour, who, until he re“tired from politics several years ago, was one of the most prominent members of Tammany. hall, died of the grip. His natural reticence earned him the sobriquet of “Whispering Larry.” - About 500 Mexicans with families are destitute at L.os Angeles, Cal., having been discharged by the railways. Charles E. McConnell, president of’ the Smelter City bank, of Durango, Col., which closed its doors December 17, was placed under arrest, it having developed that he had borrowed $lO- - on the bank's securities. - Marines from the navy yard and negroes had riotous fights' in the streets of Norfolk, Va. While Miss Elizabeth Hatfield, 17 years old, of Washington, Pa., knelt at her bedside in prayer her night dress ignited from a gas: stove and she sustained burns from which she died. = Robert W. Gardner, philanthropist an inventor, died at Quincy, 111. The Chicago grand jury indicted four corporations, three firms and 11 individuals, members of the Illinois Milk Dealers” association, for conspiracy to do an dllege act in restraint of trade. e - Fire in Springfield, 111., destroyed business property valued at $250,000. John A. Roebling; angry because Asheville, N. C., went “dry,” gave his Kalf-million-dollar estate near there to a church. : / ' ~ H. W. Savage has concluded negotiations for the lease of a Parisian theater where American musical comedy will be a permanent feature. = Wireless messages reported that the battleship fleet was_ nearing St ‘Thomas and-that two men who were i 1 were landed at Culebra. - | President Roosevelt _directgd the GRSEAmEREE of Buited States | troops

Mayor McClellan of New York announced he would remove the bgard of water commissioners for incompetency and misconduect. : Flour .shipments from Minneapolis ‘for 1907 will fall short of the totals shipped during 1906 by nearly a million barrels. ; A decree was issued fixing the date of the elections in Portugal as April 5. ‘Surgeon General Rixey issued a statement reviewing the controversy in the navy over the command of hospital ships. - ) : : New York, Chicago and the country generally celebrated Christmas in a ‘way that showed no effects of the re‘cent financial stringency. S Dr. H. E. Belton has discovered in Mexico 17 of the 21 doeuments taken from Lieut. Zebulon M. Pike by Spanish soldiers in 1806. ) President Roosevelt went to Pine Knot, Va., for a week. : Martin Diller of Sterling, 111.,, member of the Sixth .regiment, I. N. G., who was_officially reported dead two ~months ago, returned home, refusing to make explanations. | Miss-Olive 'McDowell, 21 years old, daughter of Bishop William F. MecDowell, Methodist Episcopal bishop of Chicago, died at Camden, N. C. Judge Rosalsky in New York suspended sentence in, the case of Hugo C. Voecks, who pleaded guilty to blackmailing Raymond Hitchcock, the comedian. “Col. Benjamin C. Lockwood, commanding the Twenty-ninth regiment of infantry, has been placed on the retired list of the army, as brigadier general, on his own application, after more than 43 years’ service., -~ John Looney, politician, lawyer and newspaper owner of Rock Island, 111, has been vindicated on each of 34 counts of criminal libel, bribery, extortion and conspiracy. contained in indictments against him which were found by the grand jury last June. An attempt was made to blow up the new steel bridge of the Pennsylvania Railroad company, in course of construction over the Erie railroad tracks at- Newark, N. J. : Railroad construction in the United States has progressed during the past vear on almost as large a scale as during the year 1906, according to’ statistics gathered by the Railway Age. | ) At Carmi, 111.,, a crowd of men and boys held up and robbed a Big Four coal train of more than 200 bushels of ‘coal. . ' Violent gales prevailed for 24 hours in Colorado. §ear Boulder two coaches of a train were blown into the ditch, one man being killed and five badly injured. An employe in the post office at Erie, Pa., found a Christmas gift package containing an infernal machine. Search is being made in Kansas and Missouri for Genille Cave-Browne' Cave, believed to be the heir to the title and estates of Sir.Mylles CaveBrowne Cave, an English baron recently deceased. = - =~ ' .

A sudden cold snap at the headwaters of the Allegheny river averted a flood which threatened to work great damage at. Pittsburg. ' Gen. Skallen, governor of Warsaw, who recently closed 1;600 Polish schools and disbanded .a number of labor unions, has ordered all the Jewish’ clubs in Poland to close. James Garden, colored, was lynched at Henriette, Okla., for the murder of a white man. . . As a result of the reorganization of the Pere Marquefte Railroad company the office force of the road will be moved from Cincinnati to Detroit. .

A talking machine and discs bearing records of the voices of the greatest singers of the present were buried for 100 vears in Paris.

Rev. Frank S. Hatch, general secretary of the Christian Endeavor movement in India, Burmah and Ceylon for several years, died at his home in Brookline, Mass. e e The TUnited Hebrew Charities of New Yor}i, the largest Jewish charitable organization in the TUnited States, which has annually extended aid to over 8,000 families, closed its doors for the first time in its history for lack of funds. = ° James Renslow, 87 years old, inventor of the spoon oar and maker of oars for most of the prominent hoat clubs of the country, committed suicide by shooting himself in the head at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. % : At Conway, Ark.,, Mrs. Emma Hearness, a widow, was shot and killed by James Hall after a quarrel over two dogs which Hall had killed. ’

Christmas in Pittsburg and vicinity was made doubly joyful by the announcement that by January 6 all of the thousands of wheels of industry in the mills of McKeesport, Glassport, Duquesne and allied plants in the Monongahela valley would be in operation. Over 40,000 men who have been idle for several weeks will return to work. £

Milton B. Owen, 19 years of age, was arrested upon the charge of attempting to kill the entire family of his employer, Richard Owens, of the town of Algoma, Wis., by poisoning. Gov. Hanly of Indiana pardoned Samuel Harmoy and Joseph Osborn, serving life sentences for murder.

Executing the instructions of the emperor of Japan, Viscount Aoki, the Japanese ambassador, conveyed to Robert, S. McCormick, of Chicago, the decoration of the Order of the FirstClass of the Rising Sun. H. Garland, youngest son of the late Senator A. H. Garland, committed suicide in Little Rock, Ark. % "Miss Athena Green, 16-year-old daughter of J. N. Green, a prominent citizen of Buena Vista, N. C., was accidentally killed by a bullet from the revolver of Joe. Lance, a mountaineer, who was passing Buena Vista station in a Southern railway passenger train. “William Henry Rice, the minstrel, died of pneumonia in Philadelphia. At Karlsruhe, Germany, Karl Lindénau, who was being prosecuted on a charge of camplicity in the libeling of Olga Molitor and of having attempted to blackmail her, was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment and to five years’ loss of civil rights. . - Stories of alleged cruelties and brutalities, practiced upon defenseless insane' patients by attendants, were told in the hearing of the New York lunacy commission appointed by Gov. Hughes to investigate conditions in the Manhattan State hospital, Ward’s island.

Col. Charles Trowbridge, formerlx lieutenant colonel of the Thirty-third United States South Carolina volunteers, United States infantry, and for many years custodian of the Minnesota stdte capitpl, died in St. Paul. - - Sister Theresa, a nurse at St. Mary’s hospital in Milwaukee, was shot and killed by Gustav. Wirth, aged 32, who is supposed to be insane. ' Christian W. Stengel, president of the Feigenspan Brewery interests in Newark, N. J., died in Philadelphia less than 12 hours after he had been married to Mrs. Marie Louise Feigenspan, widow of the man who-once employed him. 3 Saloonkeepers of Chattanooga, Tenn., voluntarily closed their places all day Christmas. : Hudson 0., voted out saloons to get a $200,000 gift of J. W. Ellsworth, a coal magnate, made on condition that the town go ‘dry.” ‘ John Erickson was killed in .the 'power house of the Chicago sanitary "district by a current of 44,000 volts of electricity. ; : \ Mayor Price of Elgin, 111, was fined three dollars and costs for assaulting a newspaper reporter. e A receiver was appointed for the Memphis Savings bank and the institution was closed, but the directors said it was solvent and its creditors would lose nothing. ; More than 700 survivors of the Indian mutiny celebrated the golden jubilee of that struggle by a banquet in Albert hall, London, at which Lord ‘Roberts presided. g . J. Frank Carpenter, secretary of the ‘Carpenter Paper company, one of the largest paper houses in the west, committed suicide at his home in Omaha by shooting. - ; “John H. Paley, editor of the Jewish Daily News, was found dead in his home in Brooklyn, asphyxiated by gas which was escaping from an open burner. ; : : : r .- St. Louis university football athletes ° made = heroes of themselves near Brocket Station, Wash., on the Canadian Pacific, where they helped to ‘rescue trainmen from a disastrous freight wreck., Benjamin Northway, a fireman on the United States battleship Missouri, who was landed at Porto Rico suffering from peritonitis, died. "’ ! M. Gude, formerly minister ‘of Norway and Sweden to Denmark, has:been: appointed to succeed the late H. C. Hauge as minister of Norway to the United States. . Chatham, Mass., was struck by a destructive hurricane thgt lasted, only five minutes. ; ' ‘Methodist pastors of Cincinnati scored labor unions that try to enforce eight hours’ pay for six hours’ work. The Kentucky association of New Yogk gave a banquet in honor of Supreme Court Justice Harlan.. ’ After burving under a thunderous avalanche of “noes” a resolution declaring -against. pledged - deélegations from any state at present, the Republican club of New York by an overwhelming vote, indorsed Gov. Hughes for president. - ; Five persons were Killed by dn explosion of compressed”air in the uncompleted metropolitan subway {tunnel under the River Seine at Paris. Ex-Gov. Horn, of Togoland, was sentenced in Berlin to a fine of $75 and costs and to be transferred to another post for the ill-treatment of a native in Togoland in 1903. ' S. W. Welsh and T. W. Clyburn were Kkilled and Berry Mobley fatally wounded in a duel at Kershaw, S. C. For the fifth time in two years fire broke out in the southern section of. the arsenal at Toulon, France, completely destroying the ..naval spirit stores, despite the efforts of the firemen and troops, many of whom were injured. VE

During the rehearsal of a play on dhe school ground at Chippewa Falls, Wis., Charles Vance, nine years old, was killed by the accidental use of a loaded cartridge. in place of the blank cartridge that had been provided. Chairman Thomas Taggart, of the Democratic national committee, issued a formal announcement of the action of the committee in selecting the time and place for holding the next national convention. :

Telegraphic communication in all directions from Chicago was demoralized by a severe sleet storm. s

Dr. David Marshall, 24 years old, a physician of Florence, Ky., died at the Pasteur institute iff Chicago as a result of being bitten by a dog. A cut of wages 4n the National Watch works at Elgin, 111.,, to take effect January 2 has been . announced. Those to be most affected are the experts doing piece work. W. H. Williams, member of the board of review of Columbus, 0., died of a stroke of paralysis. He was one of the best-known Democratic politiciang in Ohio.

Dr. Hubbard M. Smith, one of the oldest practicing physicians in Indiana, died at Vincennes as the result of a fall. ',

- The paper mill of the Falls Manufacturing company at Oconto Falls, Wis., burned with:a probable loss of $lOO,OOO, fully covered by insurance. Henry Hertzwig, the engineer, lost his lifé in the blaze. :

United States Senator R. Mallory died from general breakdown at his home in Pensacola. Fla. A man believed to be Robert H. Harris of the brokerage firm of Harris & Co., Kansas City, Kan., was crushed to death under the wheels of a Northwestern Elevated railroad train in Chicago. ; i James H. Oliphant, senior member of the stock exchange firm of James H. Oprant & Co., of New York, was fatally shot at his office by Charles A. Geiger, a customer from Bea&utort, S. C., who, after firing upon Oliphant, killed himself. : :

Mrs, Fheodore Weld’ Birney, founder and honorary president of the National Congress of Mothers, died at her home in Chevy Chase, near Washington. President Roosevelt signed a proelamation creating the Arkansas national forest. S d L The main building of the University of Oklahoma was pugned. ; Alfred M. Hewlett, president of the Western Tube company, died dt Kewanee, 111., of paralysis. Ay Princess Terri Pomare, of the royal family of Tahiti, daughter of Queex Marau, arrived in Ban Franeisco fraw

| ON. THE TRAIL OF THE | ' By WILLIAM T. ELLIS | : ‘ This Distinguished American Journalist Is Traveling Around the World for the Purpose of Investigating the American Foreign Missionary from a Purely Disinterested, Secular and Non-Sectarian Standpoint. Illustrated with Drawings and from Photographs. . : .

Hinduism’s Holy Place Shocks an Occidental

Benares, India.—This is holy Hindu ground. Even if such an outcast as a European should quit earth on this most favored spot, he might hope to be born again as & Hindu. This is the best place. in the world to die, according to the belief of 207,146,000 Hindus. That is why thousands of persons are yearly brought here for that express purpose, and .wealthy rajahs build palaces along the river bank in which to spend their -dying days. The simple fact of dwelling in this sacred city imparts sanctity to one. More than Mecca is to the Mohammedan, Benares is to the Hindu.

Obviousty, this is the place to study Hinduism. Obviously; also, Hinduism here is not the Hinduism of the Chicago parliament of religions—or of Boston ‘‘parlor meetings.” All the washing that is -done ‘in “Mother Ganges” can scarcely make Hinduism clean .enough to be presentable in good Anglo-Saxon society. ; o Holiness and Dirt. The “holiest” Hindu is the dirtiest. He has his face and body completely smeared with ashes, whereas the ordinary Hindu has only his arms and breast and forehead so marked. This holy man’s hair hangs in matted ropes, uncombed, unwashed and ash-filled. Although his sanctity is so great that he is worshipped—l saw the act, more than once—he is not obliged to bother about. the common moralities which go along with the western. faiths.

~One of the holiest, as well as one of the brainiest, was reclining on a couch of sharpened nails (a torture which probably looked more horrible than it felt, for this man underwent it with no sign of discomfort) when I interviewed him, through an Interpreter. I asked him about the “holy woman” at his side, comely even through her ashes, on account of whom this celebrated “fakeer” ‘is considered outcast by certain of the

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stricter sort of new Hindus. He assured me that the woman merely lived ‘with him to take care of his house; and that he is not married to her. India is full of stories of the immoralities of these “holy men,” who, as they ‘march in procession stark naked through the streets, are truer to type than when on their visits over seas they sit, picturesquely clad, the adored center of groups of American women faddists. -

One More Disillusionment.

At Benares I discovered a grievance against the stories I used to hear and read, when a youngster in .Sunday school, about these ‘“fakeers,” and the other Hindu pilgrims to the Ganges’ cleansing flood. I saw thousands of the latter in a single day. It used to be represented that these men and women were all so smitten with a gense of their sins, so burdened with their consciousness of unholiness, that they performed all their exacting vows in order to secure spiritual release. But ‘missionaries on the spot-tell me that the Hindu is as Jacking in a sense of sin as I found the Japanese and the Chinese to be. They know little or nothing about what the AngloSaxon experiences as’a consciousness of personal sin. What these people are trying to expiate is the dread burden of life itself, and to secure, by the favor of the innumerable gods in their pantheon, a mitigation of life’s illg in the next birth, in the long order of reincarnations. .= :

‘Every Hindu’s dread is that he may at death be transmigrated into a lower caste man, or even into a woman, or into an ass, a snake, a toad, or some other loathsome creature. His hope is that he may be reborn into a higher caste, possibly a Brahman; and eventually, in the dreary procession of ages, into Nirvana; which, while mystically explained in various ways, amounts really to the extinction of personal identity. Some of the holy men even expect to proceed from this present life into Nirvana. Wash Day on the Ganges. Therefore all these washings. Early in the morning the people of this old city—Benares far antedates the Christian era—and the pilgrims from all parts of the empire, come down by thousands to the western bank of the Ganges in order to bathe. From infants to decrepit old men they' dip into the water and mutter their prayers, with an earnestness and sincerity which cannot be doubted. The great ghats, or steps down into the water, are thronged with devotees. Many carry away the water, for household use, or to be borne laboriously back home to the pilgrim’'s native wvillage. Only the western bank of the Ganges is efficacious, to die on the eastern bank is to be reborn an ass. So the western bank is lined with temples,

ghats, and palaces, m various stages of disrepair. There is merit in erecting one of these structures, but no merit in maintaining one after another man has built it. "One huge brown stone palace.especially, a wonder of workmanship, has “sat down” in dis-, orderly ruin on the bank. ~ If ever modern science takes hold of India, the popularity of Benares is gone, for this worship of the Ganges is a thing to give a believer in germs the shudders. People bathe and drink the water, right from the spot where sewage is seeping through the ghats. They are not troubled by the proximity of bathers in all stages of diseasdw The fact that corpses are soaking in the stream just above them does not disturb the worshippers a particle.

_ The practice of burning the dead at Benares is famous. After the body, wrapped in a thin covering, has lain for a time in the Ganges, a rough funeral pyre, three or four ‘feet high, is built of logs and sticks bought for the purpose, and it is consumed with more or less thoroughness. The parish dogs thrive by the fact that the job is not always well done; I saw one cur gnawying a burnt fragment of a human body. S I came to Benares prepared to find much to admire in Hinduism; but somehow I cannot get past the dirt and filthiness of it all. There, for another example, is one well, the most sacred bit of water in India. This is a pool, the size of the swimming tank in an ordinary gymnasium, without inlet or outlet,. filled from the Ganges, and cleaned out only once a year. To bathe in it one must pay a high fee, as well as buy the flowers, milk, confectionary, sandalwood and other votive offerings that are poured into the pool by the bathers. As a result of all these accumulations, the -contents, instead of being merely dirty water# are a viscous wmass, nauseat-

ing even to look:upon or to smell Yet tottering old women, strong men, and blooming youth ducked in this place. I was impressed by a touch of human sentiment here; a man and woman went into the pool tied together, thus hoping to insure that when they should be born again they would once more become man and wife : E o

Religion that Is Not “Fit to Print.” The endeavor to give a fair representation of the conditions in India amidst which missionaries work, and against which they must strive, is hindered by the simple fact- that were I to write plainly what I saw as the prominent feature of Hindu worship in Benares this paper would not be permitted transmission through the mails. The commonest object of worship may,not even be hinted at; while, so far from writing a description of the sculptures on the walls of one temple, they may not even be recalled without disgust. It is a distinct ascent to contemplate the sacred monkeys that fill one temple—more than 200 of them scampering about the trees and the courts—or the sacred. cows and bulls that abound throughout the city. When a wealthy Brahman dies, a bull is turned loose in the city to wander through the, harrow streets and to pillage, undisturbed, from the bazaars. The molten calf which the backslidden Israelites worshipped is also here, to be purchased as a household god.

The Quarrel in.the Temple.

At the famous “Cow Temple” I saw‘ and heard a row that would have at- | tracted a mob anywhere in Christendom. A woman worshipper wanted tb‘ go into the inner shrine, but the! priest contended that she 'had not paid enough money. She shrilly insisted that she had, and tried to 'torcel her way past the priest. The latter thereupon struck her a resounding blow in the face, but even this could not deter the intending worshipper, and when I left, after watching the muss for ten minutes, the noise of the wrangle still filled the temple; although the other worshippers seemed to mind it as little as dia the wellfed cows that filled the temple court. Being on the Safe Side. ~ Within the compass of one brief article it is impossible to give more than mere glimpses of the religious life of this sacred city and its myriad pilgrims, bent'on making the 45-mile round of holy places. The objects of veneration are innumerable. Here are a dainty pair of feet, carved in high relief—not impressed into the : white marble—which are worshipped as the foot-prints of Vishnu, Nearby are Suttee stones, marking the sites where widows immolated ttemselves upon their husband’s funeral pyres. Im-

ages of countless sorts, are wreathed in flowers, showered with rice, covered with holy water,-and made obeisance to. A Hindu is not going to take any chances; he worships whatever is likely to be sacred, from a Buddhist statue to a Christian church, to speak only within my own knowledge. As one said, “You never can tell, and it is best to be on the safe side.” The tracts which I saw a missionary distributing among the pilgrims on the river bank were eagerly sought for and read. For theoretical Hinduism the reader must be referred to ;he-encyclopedla; this is not the place to attempt even an outline of its main features, much less a description of the principal members of its gallery of innumerable gods. Woven into the religion is the caste system, which hopelessly shuts off one for life in the caste into which he was born, so that a Brahman is contaminated by the very shadow of a sweeper. Thedretically, there are four grand divisions of caste, actually, there are thousands of castes, and I never heard of a European who attempted to understand all the caste marks which Hindus paint upon their faces, heads, arms and chests. One advantage of caste has been mentioned to me by British army ‘officers: “If it were not for the caste system, which breaks the people up into irreconciliable sections, England would not be able to hold India for six months.” ;

Theosophy’s Flourishing College.

Theosophy, which here claims to be, practically, pure Hinduism, has established a great college at Benares, the “Central Hindu Copllege,” with 700 students and a fine equipment of buildings. Mrs. Annie Besant, herself, whom the late Col. Olcott nominated at the direction of the ‘“Mahatmas” as president of the Theosophists ‘(although not all of the Theosophists seem’ inclined to ratify this choice), resides here and is the head of the college. The day of my visit to the college she was in Madras, the world headquarters of theosophy, so_my interview was with her assistant, an Englishwoman dressed in a salmoncolored kimono, with a white philosopher’s robe draped over it. She wore the sacred Brahman cord apout her neck and her bare feet wete thrust into sandals. Mrs. Besant claims to have been a Brahman in a. previous incarnation. : :

A revival of pure Hinduism is one of the objects, if not the chief object, of the college; which also gives instruction in the western sciences. It was as surprising as it was disgusting to find that this institution, with a staff of European theosophists among its teachers, and supported in good part by funds from Europe and America should have as the one conspicuous figure on its campus, in heroic size, the unmentionable Shive symbol. If Boston only knew!

Digging Up a Buried City.

Although there are now only. a few hundred Buddhists in all India proper, it was at Benares that- Buddhism really began. - Buddha, after his enlightenment, began to teach at a spot a few.miles from: here, known as Sarnath, the original site of Benares. At the present moment archeological explorations of great importance are under way at Sarnath. The ruins which have just been unearthed are probably those of the very monastery to which -Buddha ree tired, in the fifth century B. C. The images dug up are in excellent condition, and quite as well carved as those in modern temples. One of the “finds” is a huge polished granite pillar, erected by King Asoka, “the Constantine of Buddhism,” 200 years before the Christian era. The week of my visit, a finely built well, in perfect condition, though now dry, had been uncovered. These excavations at Sarnath are probably the most important now under way anywhere in the world. ' : (Copyright, by Joseph B. Bowles.)

Know No Old Age.

Brazilian cocoanut palms live from 600 to 700 years, and the Arabs asserf that the date palm frequently reaches the age of 200 to 300 years, says the Dundee Advertiser. Wallan’s oak near Paisley, Scotland, is known to be over 700 years old, and there are eight ol ive trees on the Mount of Olives near Jerusalem which are known to have been flourishing in 1099, The yews at Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire, were old trees when in 1132 the abbey was built, and a redwood in Mariposa Grove, California, is a manifold centenarian. Baobab trees of Africa have been computed to be over 5,000 years old, and the deciduous cypress of Chapultepec is considered to be of a still greater age. Humboldt said that the Dracena Draco at Orotava, on Teneriffe, was one of the oldest inhabitants of the earth. o Drink Water. " The Japanese know what is good for them when they .insist on their women drinking quantities of water each day. We would near fewer complaints of uttér faligue, and needless assistance from heauty hints if our women, one and all, would follow the example of their almond-eyed sisters. ‘ : - No day should pass without at least a quart of pure water being drunk—better yet two quarts. It is wiser, however, to begin with the smaller quantity or you may feel .yourself water-logged, and depart from the good habit altogether. . : Clothes of the Man. = Clothes don’t make the man, but in gone longitudes they make a pretty effectivo disguige., = . -

Sunday School Lesson for Jan. 5, 1908 Specially‘ Acrraneed for. This P‘aper‘ : LESSON TEXT.—John 1:1-18. Memory Verse, 3. : s 2 GOLDEN TEXT.—“The .- Word @ was’ maade flesh, and dwelt among: us.””—John 1:14. : ! S SCRIPTURAL,. REFERENCES. — The Divine Christ.——Heb. 1:1-10; . John 3:16; 18; Col. 1:16, 17; Isa. 9:6;- Phil. 2:5-11; Rew. 1:8, 12-16. The Word Made Flesh.—Study what new light is thrown upon this statenient by the accounts of the virgin birth in Luke and in Matthew: by John - 3:16; Heb. 1:1, 2; Rom. 8:3; Phil. 2:7; Heb. 2:9; T John 1:1, 2. ok : . : Comment and Suggestive Thought.He Is the Word of God. And- the Word Was God. 1. “In the beginning,” as in Genesis 1. Back of all manifestations of God was the word which proceeded from him. “The Word” is “the revealer of the incomprehensible- and Invisible God.” Exp. Greek ;I‘ésf.‘;Words are the expression of what is in the soul—reason, conscience, will, purpose. “The word was with God.” The Greek preposition expresses mnot merely be: ing beside, but a living wunion and communion, implying the active: notion of intercourse. “The divine word not only ahode with the father from all eternity, but was in the living, active relation of communion with him.” —M. R. Vincent. “The word was God.” There is only one God, and this statement guards: against the ‘error which the phrase"‘with God” might ‘suggest, that there is more than one. No one can more emphatically assert the aQs& lute unity of God than both the .Ql and the New Testaments, and the whole Christian church. - .

V. 3. “All things were made by Him.” Whatever God does, the Word does. - .In Col. 1:15, 16 we are told that Jesus e T “Is the image of the invis God,’ the first-born of every creature,) - “For by him were all things created: that are in. Heaven,-and that are in’ earth, visible and invisible,” whether they be thrones,. or "dominions, or principalities; or powers; all things were created by Him, and for Him.” And in Heb. 1:43: = - !

“Who being the brightness of- His glory, and the express -image of His person, and upholding all things by the word of His power, when He had. by Himself purged our -sins, sat down on ‘the right hand of the Majesty on high” = - 2o s See ‘John 3:16-18; Phil. 2:5-11; Rev. 1:8, 12-16; Isa. 9:6. ; He is the source of life. V. 4. “In Him was life.”” “That power which’ creates life and maintains all else in existenece was in the Word.” -He was the fountain of éxistende to all things,including every form and degree and kind of life, .-natural and spiritual. So Exp. Greek Test.. “For as the Father raiseth the dead, and quickeneth them, even so the Son quickeneth whom He will” (John 5:21-26; 6:47-58). In the first chapters of Genesis the word create (whose 'meaning is interpreted by v. 3 of this chapter, “to cause to come into being") is used only three times," (1) of matter, (2) of life, (3) of the soul of man; and at each of th‘ese} points the efforts of men to produce \ either of these by the forces of nature | have proved a complete failure. Life { must come from life. It includes intellectual life, based on the physical life, and spiritual life based on the iQtellectual, Sk Sy

He is the source of light. V. 4. “And the life was the light of men.” For not only was the first effect of life on matter to produce light, but the first condition of seeing the light is life. All the light in the universe cannot make dead things see. Dead minds cannot Know. = - : 3 :

-‘And mere life without light is' of little avail. It is difficult for us to realize what a light does for us. - Jesus Christ is the revelation of the Father. V. 15-18. The witness. - The testimony of experience. V. 16. “Of His fulness,” His~ inexhaustible store of grace and truth; which belong to the Son of God; a fountain forever flowing; a sun forever shining. “Have all we received.” We know what these are by experience; we have felt His love, -His forgiving love;. we have received His grace in our hearts; we have seen His loving deeds; we have heard His gracious words; we:received His gift of Pentecost; His graces have begun to grow in our hearts; we have been transformed by Him. : Illustrations. Jesus lis the. inexhaustible source of gpace and truth. In the Norse legends, Thor = was given a drinking-horn, which he vainly tried to drink dry. He afterward learned that it was-connected with the ocean, and he would have had to drink all the water of the world before he could have emptied the cup. ' An eastern king was showing his treasure-chest to the ambassador of the king of Spain, after their discovery of the mines in America. The ambassador put his hand to the bottom of the king's chest, and said, “I 'can reach the bottom of your treasures; but there is no bottom, no end, to the treasures of my Master.” - 7 Points of Contact with Modern Life. 1. Here we find exactly the Sayiour we need. i 2. Our first duty and privilege is; therefore, to receive Him.. : = 3. The Savicur we need is the. Saviour for the whole world. - 4, Therefore we should make Him: known everywhere,:far and near. Ii we really believe fn this Saviour we cannot but exhaust every ' effort to have all men receive. Him, and to bring in His kingdom. . .. . - The great need of all living men is Spiritual Life and its ultimate realizaation, Eternal Life. - G £ - Origin of Patriotic Songs. “Hail Columbia,” once the most popular of patriotic songs, was a result of the threatened war with France in 1798. ° It was written by Joséph Hopkinson ' of - Philadelphia and sung to the air which had been composed by a German music director in New York, under the name “The President’s March.” ~ Another popular American song,” “Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean;” is but an echo of the English “Britannia, the Pride of the o DE R L e el L e S SR At b L e R N bty e g R A T s e

e - SBORRY HE SPOKE. i & ; g\ EE i 23/ : | 5 'Y W QT A 4 1 z = | ‘.‘\l“ i . ,1' I“\?!\‘\\ T T\ RN \ : LR R . Hubby-—Just look at that idiot, Fitzjones, what a charming, amiable wife he has—seems to me all the biggest fools get hold of the prettiest women! -Wifey—You're right, nobody knows that better than Ido. THOUGHT CHILD WOULD DI;. Whole Body Covered with. Cuban ltch —Cuticura Remedies Cured at Cost of Seventy-Five Cents. _ “My little boy, ,when only an infant of three months, caught the Cuban Itch. Sores broke out from his head to the bottom of his feef. He would itch and claw himself and cry all the time. He could not sleep day or night, and a light dress is all’he could wear. I called one of our best doctors to treat him, but he seemed to get worse. He suffered so terribly that my husband said he believed he would have to die. I had almost given up hope when a lady friend told me to try the Cuticura Remedies. I used the Cuticura Soap and applied the Cuticura Ointment and he at once fell into a sleep, and he slept with ease for the first time since two months. After three applications the sores began to dry up, and in just two weeks froni the day I commenced to use the C{xticura Remedies my baby was entirely well. The: treatment only cost 75c, and I would have gladly paid $lOO if-I could not have got it cheaper. I feel safe in saying that the Cuticura -Remedies’ sa‘ved his life. He is now a boy of five years.. Mrs. Zana Miller, Union .City, R. F. D. No. 1, Branch Co:, Mich., May 17, 1906.” : In the Tavern. . . “Well, it's been 'raining for three days. Seems as through water isn’t wanted even in heaven!’—Translated for Transatlantic Tales from Meggendorfer Blatter.

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Wisdom is the olive that springeth from the heart, bloometh on the tongue and beareth fruit in the actions.—E. Gryinesione.

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