Ligonier Banner., Volume 38, Number 41, Ligonier, Noble County, 7 January 1904 — Page 2

The Ligonier Banner

LIGONIER, &« INDIANA.

An lowa man has gone insane because he could not sell an ear ' for $5,000.- Why didn’t he raise lowa corn, then he could sell all the ears he wagted. o e

A western man claims to have discovered a new way of making cigars, straw being the material used. The common cabbage leaf of commerce would better look to its laurels. .

There is a cult in Boston that maintains that speech will eventually beconie useless; ‘and when we reflect how much of it is useless now. there seems td be ‘some basis for the idea. 3

The Louisiana Purchase Exposition stamp of the denomination of ten cents will have'a map of the territory engraved on it—which will, of course, be convenient for our foreign visitors when they get lost. ; et

. ' Possibly the teachers who adyocate phonetic spelling are inspired by their failure'to turn out good spellers with the ~present fad method of teaching that branch. In the old days of ‘‘spelling down” and “leaving off head” there were few complaints. - =

. A new application of electricity has been made in France, and now the power is actually- used for felling trees.” A platinum wire is heated to a,white heat by an electric current, and this is'simply pulled through the trunk, which it cuts like a big cheese. e :

Senator William A< Clark toils from ten to 16 hours every day merely for the joy:of the working. Um—m—mp, well, a man might get some fun out of it'if he had a few handred millions, as Bill has, and didn’t have to do it every time the alarm clock said “Go!” i

The kaiser is said to have picked out Princess Margaret of Connaught as a wife for the crown prince of Germany. The prince himself is not enthusiastic about this choice; as he is already -in love with “another,” but the prince has not-been consulted in the matter. Royal matches are not directed by such trivial things as love affairs. : g L

- From a town in Indiana comes the exciting tale of & man who filled his pipe with tobacco:from a pocket.in which he, had placed some cartridges. Of course, he got one of the éartridges in the pipe, the pipe exploded, he was wounded, and his great-grandchild barely escaped death. This is only a pipe story, to be sure, but it'‘teaches that we shou}d carefully examine our tobacco for high explosives before. using.’ i i V. e —————————— i

i R SRR R B R & - The.Mother’s elub, of Des Moines, la., has declared that the legend of Santa Claus and other fairy tales are necessary for the Pest development of the child. mind. Hurrah for the mothers!" There is enough har4, cold reality, and it is telt early ercugli, in all conscience, without depriving a child of this stimulant of the youthful imagination. Back to the dreams ¢! childhood—back to - Des Moines. . ;

"The election of Rev. Edward Eyerett Hale as chaplain of ‘the United States senate is a graceful compliment to a grand old man and one of the most versatile, prolific and popular of American writers. Probably. no otfer American living has done so much literary work of a uniformly wholesome and elevating kind as Mr. Hale has. Heis in hiseightysecond year and a minister of the Unitarian church. . ’ e

After all Prof. Langley’s experiments. in the way of aerial navigation, he has been outdone by two brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright, of Ohio. These two young men gave a demonstration near Norfolk, Va., which was a complete suc‘cess.. Their machine not a balloon, but operates en the principle of a box kite. It was ed by gasoline motors, and it flew under perfect control in the facesdf a 21-mile breeze. :

® The New York post office reports at least a ton of letters addressed by children to “Santa Claus,” which had to be forwarded to the dead letter office at Washington. - This does not mean that Santa Claus is'dead, for from a child’s point of view he is very much alive, but ‘that the postal authorities could not locate him. It is a pity that so mauch childish confidence should be buried in the dead letter office—and there are many other cities besides New York to hear from, too. - T s

A Jersey City (N. J.) police captain‘} says that pickles and other sour edibles are responsible for a large proportion of the attempts'on their lives made by people in his' district. ‘“Pickles will send -anyone insane,”’ he said, “if enough of them are eaten.” The captain went on to state that there are more suicides in: ‘Germany than any other Europeah nation, and that medical statistics show the sour food of Germany to be responsible;for the suicidal mania:. If you wish'to retain your mental balance cease eating pickles, is the : captain’s advige. ' - : S The farm value of the crops of corn, wheat, rye, oats, hay; barley, potatoes, flaxseed, buckwheat and tobacco' raised this year is estimated at $2,500,000,000 by the bureau of statisties of the departmdnt of agriculture. To that great sum may properly be added abowt $700,000,000 for the value of the cotton crop. ' This is an amazing aggregation of “quick as--sets,” which can be turned into money whenever it is needed. It is a gigantie pile of commodities. If America is stifl in debt to Europe the means with whick _to pay the debt are at hand, thanks to a generous soil and unwearied cultivators. Y- Father Chidwick, probably the best “khown chaplain the navy has, will retire as soon as the necessary form can observed. Secretary Moody has reved 4 létter from him tendering his ignation. It is the understaunding that when the chaplain puts off the unifofm he will be given an’important “charge in New York city. Father Chidwick was chaplain of theé battleship _Maine, which was blown up in Havana barbor February 15, 1898. It fell to his 36t to say the funeral services over as _many of the bodies of the 260 dead as

A WEBK'S HISTORY

The Important Happenings of a

Week Briefly Told.

IN'ALL PARTS OF THE UNION

All' the Latest News of Interest from - Washington, From the East, the " West and the South.

THE LATEST FOREIGN DISPATCHES _ . FROM wA,S?x‘ING?I'on; " The sentiment, of the cabinet at a meeting” was. that the Colombian question could not be submitted to The ‘Hague, as this was an issue which no other mation could settie for the United States. ;

, Secretary of War Root has deckined to accept the chairmanship of the national republican committee. - . In- the past year.lives lost.in wars throughout: the world number 86,468, against 25,700 in,1902. e

- Several ¢xperiments with turbine propulsion prove sugeéssful and the new system. will be used on new naval ships of the United States. © - Throughout the -country there were 8,976 crimes resulting in death by various forms of : violence in 1903, against 8,834 in 1902. ; In the United States there were 232 business failures' during the seven days ended on the Ist; against 298 the same ‘week in 1903. :

In the United States there were 8.597 cases of s_uic‘ide the ‘past year, against 8291 1902 e a ~ ‘ln 1903 the total number of legal executions in ‘the United States was 123, against 144 in the previous year. , The {governme.nt;receipts in December were $42;747,532 and. expenditures $32,248,000, leaving,a surplus for the month 0f7510,499,532. = : During 1903 lynchings numbered 104, as compared with 96 in 1902: : _ The railway earnings in 1903 were larger than in any previous year, exceeding ' $1,850,000,000, .an increase of about eight per c‘eh:tf. over the previous Year. i vFi L die ) ' Modre t{hAaﬁ 4,000 persons were killed and over 5,000 injured in railroad accidents in ‘this country the 'past year. .

A »~wéé,’.l__<~l§ reviéw of trade says that business men express confidence in:the future, ‘espeecially .south and west., -

Commissioner. of' Pensions - E. F. Ware says’ that 150,828, pension certificates were issued for the year - 1903, which-is 25,000 more than were issued in 19020 5. .af » Embezzlérs. and defaulters in 1903 in the United, States got away with $5,ER6AEE. . . B

The mnotable gifts in the TUnited States in 1903 were: To educational institutions, $39.950,692; charities, $21,726,318; religious purposes, $3,996,912; museums, ;}Lrt'-ga;ll,eri"es and for municipal bettérments, . $2,927,5600; libraries, STESIEEE. L G Enrdllinent of 'pugéls last year in Indian sthools was nearly 29,000.

%+ THE. EAST. SR The ‘girl students at Rosemary ‘hall, Greenwieh, Conn., handled stone for a new chdpel which they have resolved to.construct with their own hands. William Shaw and Moses T. Clough, promihent I@Wyers,2lost_the°ir livesin a fire in'a Troy (N. Y.) club house. In the past year a total of 619,980 immigrants arrived at New York; against 547,197:in 1902. : 3 :

In the east the Standard Oil company has reduced ‘the price of oil five cents and two cents in the west. oS

Judge M. W. Acheson in the United States. circuit court in Pittsburg held that railroads are responsible for the full value of ‘goods lost’in transit. - The annual review of Bradstreet predicts a year of satisfactory conservative business for 1904, following the severe strains put upon the industrial and speculative communities of 1903, / From the Bank of Staten Island at Stapleton, N. J., bonds ‘to the value of $lBO,OOO were missing and Otto Ahlr;iag;_cashie}', committed suicide. ‘Ex-Congressman James J. Belden died at Syracuse, N. Y., aged 78 years. .- George B. McClellan has assumed the office of the mayor of New York city. { % WEST AND SOUTH. ‘' : At the age of 66 years Thomas Connolly, a millionaire carriage manufacturer of national prominence, died suddenly at his home in Dubuque, la. - At Guthrie, Okla., a railway company has been formed to build a line from Port Nelson, on Hudson bay in British "America, to the Argentine Republic, a distance of 10,000 miles.

. The oldest man in Minneapolis, Robert C. Harper, died at the. age of 104 years and six mionths. - ' - At San Jose, 111., safe blowers ‘cracked and looted the safe in the post office of

In Chicago all the livery’ establishmerits are open, the employers agreeing to reinstate the striking drivers. = ~ Judge Webster sentenced John Tully, a soldier, at Missoula,,Mont., to hang February 26 for the murder of Thomas Kennedy at Fort Missoula.

Five hundred and seventy-five men, women and children met a fearful death at the new Iroquois theater in Chicago—burned, suffocated or trampled under foot—following a fire which was caus:d by-the explosion of a calciumh light. The gas tanks also exploded and tlie flames spread so rapidly that occupants of the gallery and balcony were cut off fron; escape. This is the most appalling catastrophe of-its character in the history of Chicago. The dead and injured were carried to mear-by - business houses, which._were besieged by thou‘sahds of frantic persons seeking to find among the charred bodies the remains of their loved ones. - ¢ k

Robbers dynamrited the safe of O. Cohen, a jeweler in Des Moines, Ta., and stolé $B,OOO in - cash, diamonds and ‘watches. e

Myra Jane Williams, of Brainerd, Minn., was sentenced tothe penitentiary for life for tlie murder of her little daughter. 4 Near Denison, la., Detlef Evans, a German farmer, poisoned his 18-month-old child and his wife. It is believed Evans is insane. : :

In a fire which destroyed the stahle of the Western News company in Ché cago James Davis and 20 horses were burned to death.

In Chicago Mayor Harrison eclosed 18 theaters and-concert halls because of imperfections. © ' L The identification of the unknown dead reduced the number of unidentifiled Iroquois theater -victims -at the various morgues in Chicago to 21 out of a total of 582. New Year’s day was given over to burial of the dead, more than 100 funerals taking place. : John Alexander Dowie departed from Zion City on his world trip, which is expected to take six months. Frederick Pabst, noted among the brewers of the Unitea States, died at his home in Milwaukee, aged 67 years. - Flames, destroyed the Louvre hotel in Chicago and three persons perished.

; FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE., Leading sentiment in Russia is thai war with Japan is inevitable. Newspapers say the country should assert ivself and not let a little nation dictate to it. - Three more warships left San Francisco to join the ,(fleet under Admiral Glass at Panama.

A diplomat in South America says Colombia must fight to preserve her integrity, and that the feeling toward the United States and Panama is growing more bitter. ; . :

It is said that an American warship sunk the Colombian gunboat General Pinzon in a naval battle in the Gulf of ‘Darien. |

The Georgia republicans will hold their state convention in Atlanta on March 23. :

In the Iroquois theater disaster in Chicago 34 women teachers in the city schools are among the dead and missing. : . : In Havana Fargo Squiers, eldest son of the United States minister to Cuba. accidentally shot and killed himself. v _ . . LATER NEWS, The deaths from the Iroquois theater fire in Chicago now number 588, with six bodies remaining unidentified. There were 226 funerals on the 3d, the greatest number ever held in one day in any American city. Every theater in the. city has ‘been closed until safety laws are complied with, and Will J. Davis and Harry J. Powers, part owners and managers of the Iroquois, and City Building Commissioner Williams, were arrested on charge of manslaughter and gave bonds’ in $lO,OOO each. :

The cruiser Dixie reached Colon with 600 marines . under Gen. Elliott and there are now 1;,200 marines on the isthmus.

Gen. James Longstrect, one of the foremost figures of the civil war and the last of the great conferate leaders excepting Gordon, died of pneumonia at Gainesville, Ga., aged 'B3 years. 4 - During 1903 the United States produced $74,425,340 in gold and $30,520,088 in silver. :

- Europe has given up all hope of averting war between Russia and Japan and there is an ominous dread Q‘London, that other powers may be involved.

Horace G. Burt unexpectedly resigned the presideney of the Unipn Pacific railroad: .

A blizzard swept over the easfern states and New York traffic was nearly suspended, and Boston and Philadelphia were stormbound. .

Mississippi republicans will hold their state convention in Jackson-on March 23. Three boys about ten years of age,two named Loundberry and the third named Dutcher, were frozen to death on the bay at Bayport, Mich. v " The First Baptist church, one of the finest in Indianapolis, Ind., was burned to the ground. - £ : ~ The national convention of the socialist party wilkbe held in Chicago May 1. St. Catherine’s academy, a Catholfe school for girls near Springfield, Ky., was burned, the loss being $200,000. * William Sheaver, a bartender, and Mrs. Clara Collins, met death by asphyxiation in a lodging house in Columbus, O. Baptists may refuse to accept further donations from John D. Rockefeller on high-ethical grounds." ¢ / -The.Citizens’ State bank at Luton, la., was robbed by burglars of $7OO. -

‘The public debt statement issueck on the 2d shows that the debt decreased $11,618,530 during the month of December. Cash in the treasury, $379,374,895. Total debt, less cash in treasury, $914,150,880. ; ! i -

MINOR NEWS ITEMS.

The St. Louis and San Francisco railroad has leased for a period of 99 years the St. Louis, Memphis & Southern railroad. 2 ;

Cardinal Gibbons, of Balt{more, received two portraits in oil of Pope Pius X. as a New Year’s gift from his holiness. g

- Mrs. Ida Rowan, wife of Capt. A. S Rowan, who carried the message to Gdrcia in the Spanish-American war, died at her home in Atchison, Kan: * John Snyder, a baker in the United States navy, stationed at Mare island, San Francisco, has fallen heir to $250,000. The fortune is in bonds, real estate and cash. i § L

- Glen Harrison, aged 13, is teaching in the Ozark mountains, near Gainesville, Mo., and probably is the youngest pedagogue in the United States. Over 100 Turks were arrested in Salonica on suspicion ef complicity in a plot to massacra Christians. ; _ With the final word. of a funeral sermon on his lips, Parley H. Prophet, a Mormon elder; dropped dead in the pulpit of a Uintah (Utah) meeting house. Richard Qlney has appointed United States Senator Redfield Proctor, John G. Carlisle and Representative William Alden Smith to investigate the affairs of the National American Red Cross. Capt. John Anderson, U. S. A., has 'been detailed as professor of military:science and tactics at the Massachusetts Agricultiral college. : ‘ William Rule, editor of a newspaper at Knoxville, Tenn., is the probable can‘didate of the republicans of his state for governor. He has been fighting the battles of his party for 40-years. . John Bennett, convicted of murder in the first degre’%r killing his wife at Oberlin, 0., on#€tob:r 8 last, was sen: tenced to be electrocuted on April 15, ° The Carnegie institute, the school founded in Washington by the former steel king, is to build four observatories for research in the solar system, l Mrs. T. B. Ferguson, wife of Oklaho‘ma’s. governor, is dean of newspaper wo‘men in that territory, having been active in journalism for many years. ) Secretary of State Hay has the Pana'ma flag in which th&}?@nama treaty was ‘wrapped on its trip to Washington from the isthmus and back again. Minister ‘Bunau has the United States flag which was also wrapped about the treaty,

SPECIAL MESSAGE . ON PANAMA CANAL

President Roosevelt ‘Transmits His Views to Congress.

TREATY SHOULD BE RATIFIED

Says There Was Ne Complicity on Part of This Government in Revolution —Charges Colombia with Greed —All Interests Demand Canjll.

Washington, Jan. 4.—President Roosevelt’s special message to congress on the subject of the Panama canal treaty treats largely of the Panama rebellion, the incidents leading up to it and the part of the United States in it. - g He refers to the previous legislation authorizing the president to conclude a treaty with Coiombia for the building of the canal, and- if after a reasonable lapse of time it was found impossible to secure the necessary territory trom Colombia to revert to the Nicaraguan route for the construction of the canal. The Ilater ‘alternative, he says, is now unnecessary, ts the control .of the necessary territory at Panama has been secured. Referring to the rejection of the ‘treaty with Coll6mbia by that nation, he says: : ‘“This act marked the climax of the effort on the part of the United States to secure, so far as legislation was concerned, an interoceanic canal across the isthmus. The effort to secure a treaty for this purpose with one of the Central American republics did not stand on the same footing with the effort to secure a treaty under any ordinary conditions. “Under the Hay-Pauncefote treaty it was explicitly provided that:the United States should controi, :police and protect the canal which was to be built, keeping it open for the vessels of all nations.on equal terms. The United States thus assumed the position of guarantor of the canal and or its peaceful use.by all the. world. The guaranty included as a matter of course the building of the canal. The enterprise was recognized as responding too an international need; and it would be the veriest travesty on right and justice to treat the governments in pos‘'séssion of the isthmus as having the rigat ‘to close the gates of intercourse on the great highways of the world, and justify the act by the pretension that these avenues of trade and travel belong to th?m and that they choose to shut them. ’ °

Position of United States.

“When this government submitted to Colombia the Hay-Herran treaty three things were, therefore, already settled: ‘“One ‘was that the canal should be built. The time for deiay, the time for permitting the attempt to be made by private enterprise, the time for permitting ny government of anti-social spirit and &t imperfect ‘development to bar the work, was past. The United States had assumed in connection with the canal certain. respongibilities not only to its own people, but to the civilized world, which impefatively demanded that there should no longer be delay in beginning the work. . *Second—While it was settled that the canal should be built without unnecessary or improper delaly, it was no less clearly shown to be our purpose to deal not ‘merely in a spirif of justice but in a spirit of generosity with the people through ‘whose land we might build it. - The HayHerran treaty, if it erred at all, erred in the direction of an over-generosity towards the Colombian government, In our anxiety to be fair we had gone to the very verge in yielding to a weak nation’s demands what that nation was helplessly unable to enforce from us against our will. The only criticisms made upon the administration for the terms of the HayHerran treaty were for having granted too much to Colombia, not for failure to grant encugh. Neither in the congress nor in the public press, at the time . that this treaty was formulated, was there complaint that it did not in the fullest and amplest manner guaraniee to. Colombia everything that she could by any color of Htde demand. - raERS L R LR

“Nor is the fact to be lost sight of that the rejected treaty, while generously responding to the pecuniary demands of Colombia, in other respects merely provided for the construction of the canal in conformity with the express requirements of the act of the congress of June 28, 1902. By that act, as heretofore quoted, the president was authorized-to acquire from Colombia, for the purposes of the canal, ‘perpetual control’ of a certain strip of land; and it was expressly required that the ‘control’ thus to be obtained should include ‘jurisdiction’ to make police and sanitary regulations and to establish such judicial tribunals as -might be agreed on for their enforcement. These were conditions precedent prescribed by the congress; and for their fullfillment suitable stipulations were embodied.in the treaty. It has been stated in public, prints that Colombia..objected to these stipulations, on the ground that they involved a relinquighment Jf her ‘sovereignty;’ but in the light of what has taken place, this alleged objection must be considered as an afterthought. -In reality, the treaty, instead of requiring a cession of Colombia’s sovereignty over the canal strip, expressly acknowledged, confirmed, and preserved her sovereignty over it. The treaty in this respect simply proceeded on the lines on which all the negotiations leading up to the present situation have been conducted. In those negotiations the exercise by the Urnited States, subject to the paramount rights of "the local sovereign, of a substantial control over the canal and the immediately adjacent terrftory, has.been treated as a fundamental part of any arrangement that might be made. It has 'formed. an essential feature of all our ;plans, and its necessity is fully recognized in the Hay-Pauncefote treaty. The congress, in providing that such contrx should be secured, adopted no new prin ple, but only incorporated in its-legisla-tion a condition the importance and propriety of which were universally recognized. During all the years of negotiation and discussion that preceded the conclusion of the Hay-Herran treaty, Colombia never intimated that the requ{reme-m by ‘the United States of.control over the canal strip would render unattainable the construction- of a canal by way of the Isthmus of Panama; nor were we advised, during the months when legislation of 1902 was pending before the congress, that the terms which it embodied would render negotiations. with Colombia impracticable It is plain that no nation could construct and guarantee the neutrality of the canal with a less degree of control txan was stipulated for in the Hay-Herran treaty. A refusal to grant such degree of control was necessarily 'a refusal to make any practicable treaty at all. Such refusal therefore squarely raised the question whether Colombia was entitled to bar the transit of the world’s traffic across the isthmus. ; i L

‘“That the canal itself was eagerly demanded by :the people of the- locality through which' it was to pass, and that the people of this locality no less eagerly longed for its construction under Ameriean control, are shown by the unanimity of action in the new Panama republic. Furthermore, Colombia, after having rejected the treaty in spite of our protests and warnings when it was in her power to accept it, has since shown the utmost ‘eagerness to accept the same treaty if only the status quo could be restored. One of the men standing highest in: the official circles of Colombia, on November 6, addressed the American minister at Bogota, saying that if the government of the United States would land troops. to preserve Colombian sovereignty and, K the transit, the Colombian. government would ‘declare martial law; and, by virtue of vested constitutional authority, ‘'when public order lig disturbed, [would] approve by decree the. ratification of the canal treaty as signed; or, if the government of the United States prefers, [would] call extra session of the congress—with new and friendly members—next: May to'approve the treaty.’ ‘Having thnese facts in view, there is no shadow of question that the government of the United States proposed a treaty which was not merely just, but generous to Colombia, which our people regarded as erring, if at all, on the side of overgenerosity; which was haliled with delight by the people of the immediate locality through which the canal was to pass, who were most concerned as to the new order of things, and which the Colombian authorities now recognize as be-

Matter of Doubt. Wedderly—To-day is the tenth anniversary of my marriage. : . Singleton—Well, what do you expect? Wedderly—Which do I expect? Singleton—Yes; congratulations or sympathy ?—Chicago Daily News. Time’s Changes. % “Did he seek the office or did the office seek him?” : & “Oh, he was lookihg for the office all right before election, but since then he’s been dodgin’ it most of the time, except on salary day.”—Chicago Post. ;

ing so good that they are willing to promise its-unconditional ratification if only we will desert those who have shown themselves our friends and restore to those wgo have shown themselves unfriendly the power to undo what they did. I.pass by the question as to what assurance we have that they would now keep their pledge and not again réfuse to ratify the treaty if they had the power; for, of course, I will not for one moment discuss .the possibility of the United States committing an act of such baseness- as to abandon the new republic -of Panama. : . } “Third.—Finally the congress definitely settled where the canal was to be built. It was provided that éx«treaty should be made+ for building theé canal across the isthmus of Panama; and if, aftet reasonable time, it proved impossible to secure such treaty, that then we should go to Nicaragua. The treaty has been made; for it needs no argument to show that the intent of the congress was to insure a canal across Panama. and that whether the republic granting the title was called New Granada, Colombia or Panama mattered not one whit. As¥events turned out, the question of ‘reasonable time’ did not enter into the matter at all. Although, as the months went by, it became increasingly improbable that the Colombian congress would ratify the treaty op take steps ' which woéuld be equivalent thereto, yet all chance for such action on their part did not vanish until ' the ‘congress closed at the end of October: and- within three days thereafter the revolution in Panama |had broken out. Panama became an independent state, afid the control of the territory neces;saxi for building the canal then became tainable. The condition uunder which alone we could have gone to Nicaragua ther%by became impossible of fulfillment. If the pending treaty with Panama should not be ratified by the senate, this would not alter the fact that we could not go to Nicaragua. The congress has decided the route, and there is no alternative under existing legislation:”

The president says that after the failure of the Colombian congress to ratify the treaty it seemed:that the government would have to go to the Nicaragua route, and that he had made the original.draft of his message to conoress along that: line. This was one of three alternatives that confronted the governmen:. Another was that the peonle of Panama might take theé wvrotection of their own interests into their own hands and establis.. a government competent and willing to do .its share in the corstruction of the eanal. This is what oecurred, and made the ‘reverting to the Nicaraguan route unnecessary. and, in fact,. impossible under the authority of the president as vested in him by the action of congress. ;

Report of Commander Hubbard.

The president emphagically denies thatl this government had any hand in the instigating of this revolution: He knew, all the ‘world did, that such was im= finent. and the navy department took necessary measures to protect Ameri.ca(n interests, but nothing further. He gives copies of the orders sent to commanding officers ‘of American warships, and :their various reports upon the situation.” He | charges Colombia with virtually making war upcen the United States at Colon, and quotes the report of Commander Hubbard. 6f the Nashville, dated November 5,' to sustain this- charge. In this report’ Commander Hubbard says, in part: - ° “Pending a complete report of the occurrences. of the last three days in Colon, Colombia, I most respectfully invite the department’s attention ‘to those of ghe date of Wednesday, November 4, which amounted to practically the making of war ‘against the United States sby the officer in command -of the Colombian troops in Colon. At one o'clock p. m. on that date I was summoned on shore by a preconcerted signal, and on landing met the United States consul, vice consul and Col. Shaler, the general superintendent of the Panama railroad. The consul informed me that he had received: notice from the officer commanding the Colombian troops,, Col. Torres, through the prefect of Colon, to the effect that if the Colombian officers, Gens. Tobal and Amaya, who had. been seized in Panama on the evening .of the 3d of November by the independents and held as prisoners, were not released by two o'clock p. my, he, Torrés, would open fire an"the town of .Colon and kill every United States citizen in the place, and my advice and action were requested. I advised that all the United State§ citizens should . take refuge in the shed of the Panama Railroad company, a stone building suscept- l ible of being put into good state for defense, and that I would immediately land | such rbody of men, with extra arms for arming the citizens, as the coniplement of the ship would permit. This was agreed to and I immediately returned on board, arriving at 1:15 p. m. .The order for landing was immediately given, and at 1:30 p. m. the boats left the ship with a party of 42 men under the command of Lieut. "Commander, H. M. Witzel, ~-with Midshipman J. P. Jackson as second in command. Time being pressing, 1 gave verbal orders to Mr. Witzel to take .the building above referred to, to put it into the best state of defense possible, and | protect the lives of the citizens assembled, there—not firing unless fired upon. -* * * ‘ The Colombians surrounded the building of the railroad company almost im-‘ mediately after we had taken possession, | and for about one and_a half hours their | attitude was most threatening, it being seemingly their purpose to provoke an attack. Happily our men were cool and‘ steady, and while the®tension.was very great no shot was fired. At about 3:15 p. m. Col. Torres came into the building | for an interview K and expressed himself as most friendly to Americans, claiming . that the whole affair was a misappre-f hension and that he would 'like to send the alcalde of Colon to Panama to see Gen. Tobal and have him direct the discpm'inuance of the show of torce. A special train was furnished and safe conduct guaranteed. At about 5:30 p. m. Col. Torres made the proposition of withdrawing his troops to Monkey Hill, if I would withdraw the Nashville's force and leave the. town in possession of the poliee until the return.of the alcalde'on?khe morning of the sth. After an interview with the .United States consul and Col. Shaler as to -the probability of good faith in the ~maé.ter, I decided to accept the proposition and brought my men on board, the disparity in numbers between my force and that of the Colombians, nearly ten to one, making me desirous of avoiding a conflict so long as the object in. view, the protection of American citizens, was not imperiled.

‘I am positive that the determined attitude of our men, their coolness and evident intention of standing their ground. had a most salutary and decisive effect on the immediate situation and was the initial ‘step in the ultimate abandening of Colon by these troops and their return to Cartagena the following day. *‘l feel that I cannot sufficiently strongly represent to the department the grossness of this outrage and the insult to our dignity, even apart from the savagery of the threat.” f ' \

In view of the treports of the various naval officers in Panama waters the president concludes *‘that, instead of there hav“ing been too much provision by the American government for the maintenance of order and the protection of life and property on the isthmus, the orders for the movement of the American warships had been too long delayed; so long,’ in fact, that there were but 42 marines and sallors available to land and protect the lives of ‘American men and women. It was only the coolness and gallantry with which this little band of men wearing the Americar uniform faced ten times their number of armed foes, bent on carrying out the atrocious threat of the Colombian cdmmander, that prevented a murderous catastrophe. At Panama, when .the revolutfon broke out, there was no ‘American man-Jof-war and no American troops or sailors. At Colon, Commander Hubbard'acted with entire impartiality towards both sides, preventing any movement, whether by the Colombians or the Panamans, which would tend to produce bloodshed. On November 9he prevented a bodgof the revolutionists from landing at Colon.”

No Complicity in Revolution. Referring to the charges/of compiicity. of this government in the revolution the president says: “I hesitate to refer to the injurious insinuations which have been made of complicity by this government in.the revolutionary movement -in Panama. They are as destitute of foundation as of propriety. The only excuse for my mentioning them {s the fear lest unthinßing persons might mistake for acquiescence the silence of mere self-respect. I think proper to say, therefore, that no one connected with this government had any part in preparing, inciting or encouraging the late reyolution on the Isthmus of Panama, and that save from the reports of our military and naval

.Its Delivery. “You delivered your speech in a manner that was most timely and effective.”. “Yes,” answered the political orator. “I had to be particular about the delivery of that speech, It wasa C. O.D. transaction.”—Washington Star. One Exeception, i “All the world loves a lover,” quoted the young man who was making his first call. SN ‘“You haven’t met papa yet, have you?” queried the fair maid in the parlor scene.—Chicago Daily News. :

officers, given above, no one connected with *this government had any previous knowledage "'of -the revolution except such as was accessible to any person of ordinary intelligence who read the newspapers and kept up a eurrent acquaintance with public affairs.” G . After . ‘thus treating extensively the +events leading up to and during the revolution the president refers to the recognitiorr of the new government by the United States, and in this connection he says: ° - “By the unanimous action of its people, without the firing of a shot—with a unanimity - hardly betore pecorded in-any similar case—the people' of Panama declared themselves as independent republic. Their recognition by this government was based upon a state of facts in no way dependent for-:its justification upon our action in ordinary caszs. 1 have not denied, nor do I wish to deny, either the validity or the propriety of the general rule that a.new state should not be recognized as independent till it has shown its ability: to maintain its independence. This rule is derived from the principle of ' nonintervention, and as a coroliary or that principle has generally been observed by the United States. But, like thesprinciple from which it is deduced, the ruZe is subject to exceptions; and there are in my opinion clear dand imperative reasons why a departure from it was justified and even required in the present instance. These reasons embrage, first, our treaty rights; second, our national interests and safety; l antdi. third, the interests of‘collective civilization.” g

Reasons for Ratification

He reviews these reasons at considerable length and justifies the speedy recognition on either and all of them. Hé reters to precedents to show that treaties conciuded with one nation are binding upon the successors of that nation, thus the treaty o‘s 1846 with New Granada was transferre first to Colombia and now to Panama. Of th second reason he says: o ‘“This recognition was, in 'the second place, further justified by the highest considerations of, our national interesis and, safety. In all the range of our international relations, 1 do not ‘hesilate to uifirm that there is nothing of greater or more pressing importance Than the construction of an interoceanic canal. ILong ‘acknowledgeéd to be essential to our com- - mercial Jdevelopment, it has become, as the. result of the recent extension of our territorial dominion, more Than ever essentiakto our national self-defense. . .: . In- the‘liiht of our present situation, 't,he establishMent of easy and speedy eommunication by sea between the Atlantic and the Pacific presents itself not simply as something to be desired, but as an object to be positively:and promptly ‘attained. Reasons of convenience have been Superseded by reasons of vital necessity, which do not admit of indefinite delays.” In the same connection he charges :Coombia ‘with attempting to so delay the ratificatfon of any canal treaty as 10 place that government in a position not. only to secure the $10,000,000 offered it as compensation by this government, but to secure the $40,000,000 promised the Panama: “Canal company for its. franchise and rights as well. By waiting until October 31, 194, the franchise ot the Panama company would have expired, and the Colombian government be in a position to seize its property and rights on the isthmus, and then be in a position to demand of the United States the payment to that government of both &sums. -:In this connection he says:

“Such is the scheme to which it was proposed that the United States- should be ‘invited to: become & party. The construction of the canal was to be relegated to the indefinite future, while Colombia was, by reason of her own delay, to be, placed in the ‘more advantageous’ position of claiming not merely the compensdtion to be paid by the United States for the privilege of completing the canal, but also the, $40,000,000 authorized by ,the act of 1902 to be paid fog the propertv of the New Panama Canal.cémpany. That the® attempt to carry out this scheme would have brought Colombia inte con-flict-with the government of France cannot..be doubted; nor could the United States have counted upon immunity from the consequences of the’ attempt, even apart from the indefinite delays to whieh the construction of the canal was to be subjected. On the first. appearance of danger to <Colombia, this govern—ert would have been summoned to interpose, in order to give effect to the guarantees of the treaty of 1846; and all this in support of a plan which. while charact~»ized in its first stage'by the wanton disregard of oar own highest interes*s w-g fitly to end in furth®r injury to the citizens of a friendly nation, whose enormous losses in their generous efforts tn pierce the isthmus' have become a matter of history.” s

Of the third rea%on for speedy recognition the .president says in part: “In the third place.’l:confidently main--tain that the recognition of the renublie of Panama wag dn act justified by the interests of collective civilization. If ever a government could be said to fiave received a mandate from I ciyilization to effecet an object the accomplishment of which was demanded in the interest of mankind, the United States holds that pogition with regard to the inter~~2n»in canal. - Since our purpose to build "the canal was’ definitely announced, = there have come from all quarters assurances of approval and enconragement, in which even Colombia herself at one time participated; and to general assurances were added specific acts and declarations. In order that no obstacle might stand in our wav, Great Britain rengunced important rights under the Cla}"t‘enﬂ-Bule treaty and agreed to its abrogatidn?¥ rarsivine in return nothing :but qur howdrable pledge ‘to build the canal "?%ﬁd protect it as .an open highway. Ll G Justified by Celléctive Civiiization. “That our p&ition as the mandatary of civilization has beén by no means inisconceived is shown by the promptitude with- which the powers have, One after another, followef our lead in recognizing Pdnama as Yan ‘independent state. Our action in recognizing the new republic has been followed by like recognit.on on the part of France, Germany, Denmark, Russia, Sweden and Norway, Nicaragua, reru, China, Cuba, Great Britain, Italy, Costa Rica, Japan and Austria-dungary. “‘ln view of the manifeld considerations of treaty right and obligation, of national interest and safety, and of collective civilization, by which our governimen. ..o constrdined to act, I am at a loss te comprehend the attitude ot those who can discern in the rcognition of the republic of Panama oniy a genera: dpproval of the principle of ‘revolution’ by which a given government 1s overcurncu or one portion of a country separated from another. Only the’ amplest justification can warrant a revolutionary movement of either kind. "But there i no fixed rule which can be applied to all such movements. Xach . case muyst be judged- on its own merits. Thert na been' many revolutionary movements, many movements for the dismemberment of countries; which were evil, tried by any standard. But in my opinion-no dis interested and fair minded observer acquainted with the circumstances can fail to feel that Panama had the amplest justification ‘for separation from Colombia under the conditions existing, and, moreover, that its action was in the highest degree beneficial to the interests of the ‘entire civilized world by securing the immediate opportunity for the building of the interoceanic canal. * * * The people of 'the isthmus, and as ‘I firmly believe of the adjacent parts of Central and South America, will be greatly- benefited by the building of the canal and the guarantee of peace and order along its line; and hand in hand with the benefit to them will go the benefit to us and to mankind. By our prompt and -deeign action, not only have our interests and thosé of the world at large beens conserved, but we have forestalled %mun» cations which were likely to be fruitful in loss to ourselves, and in bloodshed and suffering to the people of the isthmus.

“Instead of using our.forces, as we were invited by Colombia to do, for the twofold parpose of defeating our own rights and interests and the interests » the civilized world, and of compelling the submission of the people of the isthmus to those whom they regarded:as n. sors, we shall, as in duty bound, keep the transit open and prevert its invasion. Meanwhile, the only questiorr now before us is that of the ratification of the treaty. For it is to be remembered that a. failure to ratify the treaty will not undo what has been done, will not restore Panama to Colombia, and will not alter our abligation to keep the transit open asrnce the isthmus, and to prevent any outside power from menacing this transit -“In conclysion let me repeat that the question actually hefore this government is not that of the recognition ~f Panaria as an independent republic. That is already an accomplished fact. The question; and the only question, is whether or not we shall build an isthmian canal.”

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