Ligonier Banner., Volume 38, Number 26, Ligonier, Noble County, 24 September 1903 — Page 2

Who Will Get the Tottering State of Morocco

Three Great Powers Are Specially Interested in This Portion of Western Africa.

A BDUL AZIZ, the youthful 7/\\ - sultan of Morroco, is despotic «l@‘» :'f:éi of a. couniry about SN2 y for the pawnshop. : '—T- Great are the financial needs ~~ Ol the Pherefeean government. For two years notaxes have been collected, save at the ports, and in the meanwhile loans have had to be obtained to continue carrying on the war against the pretender. Great Britain, France and Spain each have advaneed £300,000, and France is about to grant an added advance of 20,000,000 francs. 1t goes without saying that it is not pure philanthropy that actuates these nations to aid Morocco. = The control of the Barbary ports is a responsibilty each doubtless would be willing to assume; the control of the once far-iamed Earbary states, famed for their riches and their piracy. . Donald Mackenzie says Great Britain has three main reasons for her deep interest in Morocco. Once she held Tangiers as a British possession (1661-1684), and some sentiment attaches to that. Then Gibraltar was taken by the Engiish, and as this great fortress is partly provisioned from Morocco, it is a matter of considerable importance-to England who has control of the latter

| ‘ : 3;:‘;" -‘!:‘h = : ﬂ i V III" i ¢ e . W}M I J..: s ""’;ﬂﬁ“ﬁ“@ﬁwyﬂ[mx i Ri -- {lO ] oy G gin s R, att . ol s —;m;.!z‘flﬂ!l“‘ = N v | TR L U |eey gl ;Fmt 5 ‘l;,!l‘.ﬁl!’ ‘llﬁ ‘\, =i¥4]’. i 4! Lol \ l\\ imh (ST /1 ~Sy o 1) MO W o= 4l f;'jm« m% gW* < Sg = RSy % a 5 U M'Klf“ 1.’1j3 (i =5 3 o 3 /Ll ?" r il [ ‘l-_ Wil o /— : i Y -E- "'l?{ : Er’m‘ lw}:‘}: JL ;“‘/T/ ; e ‘ i«» .E—‘:\. = E & =—— N(M -£ . A { STREET SCENE IN TANGIER.

country. Lastly, the bulk of the commerce of Morocco passes through English - hands, but as this is not large it is not of prime importance. Asan English correspondent ‘well puts it: “To the people of England it may matter little whether or not they have & share in the agricultural and commercial possibilities of Morocco. But we have a military interest that is vital. The power that holds Morocco and requires free access by sea to the east cannot allow the ports of the sultan to pass into the hands of any European state. Gibraltarislargely dependent on Moorish markets for supplies, and the range of hills from Cape Spartel to Ceuta is capable of being fortified in a manner that would threaten our access to the Mediterranean. To keep the straits open is even more essential to the security of the British empire than the unobstructed passage of the Suez canal.”

The interests of France are both commercial and political. France stands next to England in trade relations,.and ardently desires to promote future trade. Then the fact that Morocco bor- | ders on the French colony of Algiers is } a matter of much moment. France | would be very glad to have sufficient power in Morocco to suppress the tribes on the frontier’ that are constantly harassing the French officials of Algeria. From time to time France has made moves that have been regarded jealously by the other nations. She has_ kept her troops massed on the Morecco. frontier, but possibly, as she says, only with a view to secure a trade route through the western Sahara. | The interest of Spain in Morocco has little to do with commerce, depends upon the long historical associations of the Spanish and the Moofs. Ever since Ferdinand the Great drove the Moors out of Granada back to their original home in western :Africa the Spanish have marked with watchful eyes the doings of their ancient enemy. And a sentiment that is of centuries’ growth cannot easily be eradicated; it is quite possible that the strength of Spain’s interest in Morocco is as formidable to the sultan as even are the commercial motives of Great Britain and France, Recently Russia has evinced concern for what is transpiring in Morocco, and has established a legation at Tangier. Report says Russia was influenced by France to this action in the hope thereby to upset British influence in Morocco whilst British attention was centered in South African affairs; but our own country maintains a legation in Morecco, and we have no more commercial interests there than has Russia. Morocco is one of the worst governed countries in the world, and the moral condition is as low as the political. The 23-year-old sultam has absolute power over both the lives and the prop-

WANTED QUEEN’S COURIER. Rich American Held Out Finaneial " Inducement to the Servitor of Vietoria. ‘“When your American millionaire wants anything he wants the best,” observed an Englishman, who was a “queen’s messenger” in Victoria’'s reign. ““He’s willing to pay well for it, too. “lI know this from an experience 1 once had i{‘Coastantinople. After my signature on the hotel register I added, for reasons of my own, ‘queen’s courier.’ “The next day I was surprised to receive a card bearing the name of a wellknown wealthy American. Icouldn’tremember the gentleman, but, thinking that I'd probably met him on a steamer or on a train somewhere, I told the servant to show himup: “A few minutes later a short, fat man who conveyed the general effect of too much diamond stud and watch chain was ushered in. i = “I rose to meet him.

erty of his subjects. To be sure he has rather difficult subjects to govern— Arabs, ‘Berbers, Negroes and Jews—but the thoroughly corrupt political life, the policy of nonprogress, is the worst possible sort of governing for any people. The country is undeveloped, though rich in resources; no railroads are allowed to. be built; the mineral wealth of the country cannot be touched; no exportation of grain is allowed, and fields lie untilled, laborers starve, whilst near-py iurope brings her wheat from far Australia and India. _ On the coast dwell a few thousand European residents. The Bedouin Arabs inhabit the plains, the turbulent Berbers the mountainous interior. Over these latter the sultan exercises but little control. But is is the Sheluh tribes of central Morocco that are the most lawless,- recognizing no government, and always fighting among themselves. In the north are the Riff tribes, reported to be descendants of the Vandals. They are not so lawless as the Sheluhs, but their subjection to the sultan is nominal. The Moors live in the cities. The negroes, who are of Soudanese origin, were originally brought as'slaves. The negro, like his master, is a Mohamme-

dan in religion. The Jews, of whom

there are about 300,000 in Morocco, are well hated, but tolerated because they are ‘“the life of trade.” Morocco has an area of about 220,000 square miles. Its population is estimated at from 4,000,000 to 8,000,600, and it is thought the latter figure is more nearly correct. " A little resume of the history of Morocco may be appropriate. About 700 A. D. Morocco was conquered by the Arabs. During the eleventh and part of the twelfth centuries the Almoravides, a Mohammedan dynasty of northwestern Africa and Spain, had control; and in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the Almohades, another Mohammedan dynasty, succedeed the Almoravides. .In the sixteenth century and a portion of the seventeenth Morocco was a flourishing state, but latér showed m ' IH' Te, S N i |al z ;‘i:§‘ ASO A S i V.iilim[‘jr"aﬁ&ﬂ%.f‘. ;’ i Li | , ‘L"(‘—‘il _"Flhlil‘f"[lﬂ’i"fl"xl}‘ - 3 “ Wil A |l | | ATEE, 1 1 e {4

PALACE OF JUSTICE, PRISON AND BANK, ? TANGIER.

marked signs of loss of power. In mod~ ern times she has met defeat after defeat; in 1847 was a loser in a war with France, and in 1859-60 in war with Spain. In 1893 Morocco was forced to pay Spain a large indemnity because of troubles the latter country had had with the Riffian tribes of northern MoTOCCO. = :

The tools in use in Morocco to-day are of the most primitive sort, as well as are the methods of agriculture and of labor generally. In this day of machinery it is impossible for the nation to hold any rank commercially, and within its confines the most abject poverty prevails.. Morocco decorations are famed the world over, and the Moors still re tain some of the old skill in handiwork. But the filth and rags of the mass of the people, their unspeakable depravity, is what- specially impresses the foreign traveler in modern Morocco. It is very probable that very soon the independence of Morocco will come to an end, that the throne of “the sick man of the west” will fall from under him. : KATHERINE POPE,.

“‘How are you? he started off in a business-like voice. ‘You’re the queen’s courier, ain’t you? Well, uow, I'll tell you. I'm here with my family—been tourin® Turkey, y’ know—and our courfer’s left us. Now I know you’ve got a pretty comfortable job with the queen, but I don’t care how much it is; if you’ll zome with us, we’ll give you a darn sight moren’s she’s payin’. What d’yer say?” A Substitute for Coffee, A hot cup of coffee is undoubtedly a powerful stimulant, enabling both mental and physical fatigue to be borne. But coffee disagrees with many persons, disturbing their stomachs by interference with the digestion.. For this clasg the London Lancet suggests the use of coffee jelly, which is equally pleasant; it assuages. thirst and neutralizes excessive acidity of the stomach. Easy Payments. ‘When the world owes a man a living it invariably settles the debt on the installment plan.—Chicago Daily Newa.

POLICIES FOR A PENNY.

Insurance Certificates Are Issued Through the Medium of Slot Machines in London.

It will shortly be possible to obtain an accident insurance policy by means of a penny-in-the-slot automatic machine, says the London Express. Penny-in-the-slot insurance is not a new idea. Two years ago a machine was devised which issued insurance policies against accidents for the sum of one penny, but unfortunately it proved to be an invitation to fraud. The machine left it to the honor of the purchaser to write on the ticket the time aand date of purchase, and many tickets were bought after the accident. -

This difficulty has been overcome by an invention which has the appearance of a clock in a glass case and which was on view recently. :

When the penny is dropped into the slot and a handle drawn forward, a sharpened pencil drops out and an opening is disclosed upon which the customer signs his name. The handle is then pushed back, the space closes, an insurance policy is issued, and against the signature inside the machine is printed the date and exact time of issue. If the purchaser meets with "an accident within seven days of the issue of the policy he applies to the law accident insurance sodiety, ‘and if his name is on the register he receives a weekly allowance for five weeks. Anyone will be able to insure up to the amount of his weekly wage—each penny invested providing ten shillings per week. Attached to each policy are four coupons, and on presentation of these to tradesmen in the neighborhood of the machine a discount of 1 penny in the shilling on all goods bought up to four shillings will be allowed. :

Thus the wise workman who is earning £2 a week will, after investing 3d. in the machine, hand his wife £ 1 19s. and 12 coupons instead of £2. The balance of 9d. he <an give to the fresh air fund to provide one child with a day in the country. On this basis 1t can be argued that he gets his insurance policy for nothing and 3d. profit on each penny invested. It is proposed to place these machines in factories, warehouses and mills where large numbers of workpeople are employed. TWO STOCK EXCHANGES. Difference Between That of New York - City and the Bourse of Berlin, If any member of the New Yorlé stock exchange who is entirely unacquainted with German speculatiomn should visit the Berlin bourse he would find ‘at every point the mosé striking divergencies from his homé~ aexperience. He would be surprised to see the bourse attended by quite 2,000 persons, including clerks of banks, newspaper men, and even visitors like himself, writes William C. Dreher in “The Berlin Bourse” in Century. Also he would be interested in the immense size of the hall—3oo feet long, divided by colonnades into three sections, one of which is assigned to the produce exchange. On one side of the hall several doors open into a grassy court, shaded by trees and surrounded by a pillared lobby, where brokers sit in dull summer days and float their latest stock of anecdotes.

That shaded court is suggestive of deeper- differences between the New York stock exchange and the Berlin institution. In New York the number of members is fixed and is small in proportion to the immense volume of business done; in Berlin there is a great horde of small dealers, and the amount of trading is much less than in New York. Owing to the easy terms of admission, the bourse becomes a mere place where traders meet to effect their transactions. There is no sale of seats. In fact, no membership fee exists, but only a small yearly tax is collected, which varies from time to time as the expenses of the organization require. Contrary to New York practice, membership is largely bheld by companies and firms. Nearly all the banks of the city, for example, are members, and the more important ones keep above a score of their employes on the floor. Thus the individual New York broker, as a rule, counts for vastly more than a member of the bourse. New York is concentrated, is intense; Berlin disperses its energy, and is comparatively dull. It knows nothing of those great days of triumph or disaster that render the annals of Wall street picturesque; and it lacks our large, daring operators, who startle the country with their bold schemes.

- Knew His Rights. o The two newsboys had quarreled over the possession of six cents, of which the smaller boy insisted he had been defrauded. . They proceeded to fisticuffs, and the smaller boy was whipped. “You licked me, all right,” he said, wiping his bloody nose on his ragged shirt sleeve, “but I'll fight ye agin, if ye don’t fork over two cents o’ dat money.” : “What fur?” demanded the other boy. “Doggone ye, I got a right to claim de loser’s end o’ de purse, hain’t I!”’—Chicago Tribune. : Old Coal Mines in Englnnd.-v Coal workings around Cheadle, in North Staffordshire, England, have been traced back as far as the reign of Richard 111. The early mining is explained by local geological conditions, as the coal seams—instead of being hidden under drift as in other parts of England—were brought to notice through dark streaks turned up by the plow. A late discovery is an old level that must have been driven at least 300 years ago for draining a coal tract. More Paupers Than Ever. i -During the quarter ended on June 30 the total number of paupers relieved in England and Wales was higher than in the corresponding weeks of the last four years, while in London the number of paupers reached a height that has never been attained since 1872. b - A Fine Sense of Smell. The aborigines of Peru can, in the darkest night and in the thickest woods, distinguish respectively a white man, a negro and one of their own race by the smell,

What Autumn and Winter Modes Are Bringing Us Dame Fashion Has Many Ch.arming Things to Offer at the Present Time.

HE favored few who get a glance into futurity, as represented by Madame la Mode, predict startling changes for t s the coming winter. ; " Fewer plain skirts, but more gathers and plaits, and ruching and gauging that will strike terror into the heart of the stout woman. Happily our vanity comes to the rescue, and beheld, we can make such garments becoming even to the most unpromising figure. The fact is, that stout figures look infinitely better in loose draperies than in those merciless tight skirts,

‘,‘;,i;‘?‘ 5 ~‘," S - “ b A AL s g M Sl C;‘," ,':%’ ; f_:; ¢"‘ ey s 3{?:}E eé" (;-26!‘ ~" ) 4!"‘9“-" ’."7'-5.},‘-\"'&s\'." >3 ’\’\’ oL e 7 (SRR, N 3 W «ﬁ;g;;&%_ N\ ~ R ’é’%’-r} "7 i e {’- l\} S Nl B i) Ty 58 S, e o NSRRI oih ol A 7 ORURR (gl 7 N \f;;",‘ F§ W “,,’{ ‘3»?4;) RIS [ ¢ g g g ‘Sg“b»‘# g , )lAK\&ii‘{i 3&1 }), B‘ X N ROONN VY A i .B & % ¥ AN a‘%j'y 58 4 B \}“;}:‘*{;ﬁ \ R “b\:,‘ Faf s RELERNA g 5 iR s e eLRE PR T T pßig e Pl B e TN ,eﬁm-'? RN X RS [ R B2\ e L GERRRN " 7 Ha 3%%& o “\‘\o - Q% ’b’?*v ] ’\%* N ET b Rrh}!fé;:"& Gt oDR ONCRRS DM ‘*’f’@i‘,.ﬂ? VAR /B (X 1“’5& N S R W{“m Ry e N \%‘TJ iPR L CNGE R N ‘fg”’?i?»‘ PMR RT, NS 2*»;‘.:1\7%54" 488 %“& : L BT . AN ELABORATE MODEL FOR AUTUMN. which have been much overrated, to my thinking. In Paris ladies have been so anxious to display their figures that they have actually worn tights under their sheath-like skirts! The newest skirts are Howing and wide, either gathered or plaited or full from the waist, with rows of gauging at intervals. Plisse flounces deep at the back and narrowing in front, are a great improvement to skirts which need a little renovating. Tunics and ‘“‘three-deck-ers” still hold their ground, and small flounces are not yet a thing of the past.

One of the elaborate models is shown in the illustration. The skirt is formed of four flounces, is very full, and gathered down the front, with an outline of guipure lace. The blouse bodice is similarly trimmed.

The holiday frocks are simpler than of yore this year. 'Every woman who is self-respecting .has a short navy blue serge for boating, traveling, ete. If seashore pleasures fall to her share, here is the scarlet poppy tint delaine or voile, trimmed with pastilles of black velvet showing a disc of white satin; or the useful but less picturesque tussore silk with its multitude of frills and gaugings. ;

Very smart long traveling coats are made of white molleton cloth, with a broad bias stripe of gray or red. The linen coats and dust cloaks prove too cold for seaside wear, and are out of the question for traveling. One of the illustrations shows an ideal coat for traveling. It is of molleton cloth.’

Navy blue cloth coatslined with white satin and trimmed with a suspicion of gold braid and gilt buttons are very smart. Some very pretty traveling cloaks and coats are made of bright

; 5 : y-’ )\\ | .'“ \@“l%\ : . v/ \‘ A 3 W [ 1 i A 70 T O 13501 e 2] AT o 2 »1\ : by ' ;;':- - A & : ‘:“‘\‘ !»!‘ ‘!‘ ! E § R Rl , ﬁf »_r\‘,\'aaf';‘ 5o 2R A S ’g'w‘.k:’(‘}lﬁé-‘t- : G OPt -] ‘?‘r*’?* ; ~’.u}t{ :..Qggr}v“_ g&. ¢ ‘,4,.-‘ ‘ A A NEW TRAVELING CCAT. scarlet nap cloth. Linen costumes are much trimmed with thick Cluny or guipure lace. - We shall see some curious colors and combinations pf materials for the coming season. : Any amount of pelerines and capes are in the 1830 style. Three-quarter coats are much befrilled and have voluminous sleeves. Belts are growing into corselets and collars all affect a pointed front or V-shape. : Velvet pastilles or spots and bebe fringes are the trimming of the moment. The Greek key pattern is considered very smart, and is being used in velvet on cloth costumes.

Very elegant skirts are open in front to show a panel of lace or embroidery, and the V-shaped line is much affected for skirts trimmed with pinked-out ruch-

Mistaken Identity

In his monologue at the Orpheum, recently, James J. Corbett told of an incident that occurred at the Coney Is--land club when he fought “Jim” Jeffries for the first time. The fighter had to pass through the crowd of spectators on the way to the dressing-rooms. One man there, though he had never seen either of the fighters, had backed Jeffries heavily. As Corbett, followed by his trainers, passed into the/ place, some one yelled: ‘“Hello, here’s Jim!” The man who was backing Jeffries thought it was his favorite who had arrived, and rushed up and caught Corbett by the hand. “Good luck, Jim!” he shouted. “I hope you knock Corbett’s block off.”

ings of silk. We have rather overdone the herringbone and drawn-thread stitching.

Muffs will be immense, and flat or heart-shaped stoles will continue to be fashionable, but they will of course be much richer and bedecked with the objectionable tails which fashion sanctions, but which taste should never have endorsed!

Moleskin will be worn for other purposes than motoring, and we shall see the advent of some new and curious peltry, amongst which is monkey skin, ‘which is very sleek and glossy-looking. Musquash is dressed to represent moleskin, on account of the demand exceeding the supply for the soft and pretty fur. Ermine costs more than ever, and is getting very scarce. Chinchilla and caracul are less modish, but sable as usual takeﬁ premier favor over all the rest. |

‘For the present we are wearing hats covered with ruchettes of tulle and wreathed with grapes, currants, or hops. If one is investing in an all round traveling hat, the best to purchase is certainly the “lisse” feather shapes, as they can be worn into the early winter. There are many pretty hats made of alternate folds of muslin and velvet, which are both soft and effective.

. If we are to take the specimens of the new winter millinery auserieux, we cannot complain that our headgear should prove unbecoming. The hats are entirely made of smooth feathers, and some in white feathers are charming. .

The shapes are aimost flat, and crowned with a wreath of brilliant plumagé. The back slightly raised, and filled in with bows of flame-colored velvet ribbon. But what the fashions are now, they will continue to be, with slight modifieations, during the coming season. Toques, fashioned in soft fine straw, in Tam o’ Shanter style, trimmed with rosettes of colored straw, are in vogue for country wear. Old-fashioned Dolly Varden shape rustic hats with a bread satin ribbon across the crown, and to tie under the chin, are also seen.

Picture hats are charming when the dress worn is in keeping, but it often happens that there is a lack of harmony between the dress and the hat. Certain hats, which accord well with a large fichu, simply swear at a three-quarter coat. White marabouts will be much used together with uncurled feathers.

xs [/ > 2 \ R A v T 11T T i i*}é‘w A g | eiet \‘ (it el TERANVE { | Ml e : Gl AN - &% ‘..5 o \;\;.T_v‘,‘_é'\:‘ AU N | 2 R BN SSS \\ N SNS RATIR MR et 3RI SLR NN *~;, AR (R ekl LR 1?., - ‘;ffl:f‘;'ﬁ/,; \' [ SAR R T g S M SNO ek (2 N @ﬁ.i 53 AN AUTUMN WALKING GOWN. The aigrettes are not in favor, but shaded ostrich plumes are much seen. : A smart walking-gown 1s here illustrated, which shows the very latest fashion in autumn frocks. It is composed of Amazon cloth of a richer beaver shade, trimmed with velvet of a darker tint edged with tinsel cord. The picture hat is of beaver colored felt, trimmed with velvet and ostrich feathers, the stems of: which are fastened in front with an tntique metal buckle. Embroidery is more fashionable than lace just now. Pipingcordsareamongst the latest trimmings. Tourmaline and pearis are the newest combination for chains and bracelets. Jade and enameled flowers still decorate the “Art Nouveau” buckles. Very pretty patent leather belts are made in scarlet, emerald or bright green. Amongst the dainty accessoriesof dress I may mention the new reticule bags. They are capacious and grandmotherly of aspect, but no expense is spared in their construction. The loveliest old brocades, bits of old lace—gold lace taken from old vestments—nay, even precious stones, serve to embellish them.

The newest evening shoes are of cloth of gold or silver, embroidered with tiny flowers to match the colors of the dress. Many of the Paris petticoats are of white silk, elaborately trimmed with bands of tartan silk, laid on diagonally: some are entirely of lace over colored chiffon. :

Irish dress materials are sure to be much in evidence, especially the poplins, Donegal tweeds, and the coarse creamy blanketing stuff which makes splendid coats and tailor costumes, and never seems to get soiled, or ratherto look any the worse for smuts. Many of the new tailor-mades prepared for autumn are trimmed with leather strappings, ornamented with ffat gold buttons.

Short plaited skirts with or without hip yokes are la mode for walking and useful wear. Long skirts are indispensable in the house and for visiting purposes. ELLEN OSMONDE.

Emergency Aid in Mills.

Nearly all of the metal working plants in Pittsburg and vicinity are admirably equipped with a hospital annex for cases that require speedy and prompt attention. The distance of hospitals from some of the works renders it possible that an injured man is liable to expire from exhaustion before he is admitted to the institution. To obviate this the owners have fitted up a room or building where injured and sick employes can be treated- at once. ; In Philadelphia, First Philadelphian—How. is that book? Exciting? ' Second Philadelphian—Why, I sat up all day reading it! —Town Topics.

MINE EXPLOSIONS.

Many of Them the Result of Carelessncess and Recklessness on the Part of Miners.

' The practice has become very prevalent of giving little heed to the amount of gas present in the workings except when this gas has accumulated at some high point or in some chamber to such an extent as to be dangerous. Mines worked with naked lights, and in which gas is generated only in small quantities, or it may be at irregular intervals, are the most dangerous class of mimes. It is in these mines that the worst explosions have taken place recently, resulting in the loss of many lives, states Mines and Minerals. Out of a total of 22 mine explosions occurring in the bituminous region of Pennsylvania from 1884 to 1901, and causing the death of 291 persons, but four of these occurred in mines where safety lamps were used. Referring briefly to the bare facts contained in the record of these disasters appalls one with the seriousness of the conditions surrounding mining work. Mines that have ‘been considered safe and free from gas suddenly become the scenes of fearful destruction both of life and property. Such was the recent Fraterville mine explosion in Tennessee, May 19, 1902, in which 184 lives were lost. The mine up to the time of the disaster had been considered entirely free from gas. The report of the disaster made after a careful investigation states that gas was liberated from the overlying strata owing to a creep extending over a portion of the workings. At Johnstown, Pa., the explosion in the Rolling Mill mine, July 10, 1902, cost 112 lives; also in the disaster at Fernio, B. C.. a month earlier, a large number of lives were lost.

- At Johnstown gas had been found In certain dip workings in such quantities that the management had insisted on the use of safety lamps in that portion of the mine; the report of the explosion ascribes the cause to the use of open lamps by some ‘men where safety lamps only were permitted. These men, failing to realize the near approach to an explosive condition of the mine air at that point, were using open lights. After the explosion the safety lamps that should have been used were found carefully laid aside, while the mnaked lamps that caused the trouble were found where they were blown. In the great explosion in the Mammoth shaft, of Westmoreland county, Pa., January 27, 1891, 109 liyes were lost. Here. also the mine was practically free from gas, open lights being used. The mine was affected by a squeeze at the time, which, according to the report, liberated a large amount of gas suddenly from the bottom, which, coming in contact - with the open lights of the men, caused a fearful disaster. A heaving of the bottom had been noticed for a few days previous to a terrible explosion in No. 2 mine, at Leisenring, Pa., February 20, 1884. According to the report, no gas had been noticed in the mine previous to this explosion. and open lights were used in all parts of the mine. In a slope at Youngstown, Pa., Octcber 27 of the same year, an open -door was the cause of an explosion whereby 14 min~ ers were killed. The door was found open, having been set open by a driver a few moments before, and was closed again; the gas that had accumulated in this short space of time was driven down to the face and ignited by the open lights of the men. In this case too much reliance was placed on the fact that the ventilation was ample for diluting and carrying away the small amount of gas that was present.

One familiar with the habits and disposition of the ordinary miner realizes how hard it is to get him to use even an ordinary amount of care for the sake of his own protection and that of his fellows. He will enter an abandoned place, fenced off and marked with a danger signal, despite regulations and restrictions enforced in the pit. With an open light on his head and a safety lamp in his hand, hanging low down at his-side, he will enter a rise heading looking for gas, which he sometimes finds to his own discomfort and that of others. Strange as it may seem, this is not fiction, but a matter of record. The safety lamp to some men is a mere tool or instrument for telling how much gas is present, rather than affording a. needed protection, and the lamp is carried into the mine much as a pick or sledge or a 2 hammer or saw. Taking Care of the Pennies. A new and very convincing way te demonstrate to boys and girls that if they will take care of the pennies the dollars will take care of themselves has recently been discovered by the pupils of one of the public schools in Washington, D. C., the national capital. These young people, acting under the direction of their principal, have started a school savings bank, which is conducted in every way just like the great institutions where their fathers place their money for safe keeping. The principal makes himself responsible for the safe keeping of the funds, and at the close of each day’s business deposits the daily receipts in one of the city’s ordinary commercial banking institutions.—St. Nicholas. Baku oil Wells, The 214 wells completed in the Baku (Russia) oil. field show an average depth of 1,302 feet and an average initial production of 292 barrels per well per. day, against an average depth of 1,086 feet and an average production per well per day of 330 barrels for the 358 wells completed in 1901, indicating a very material increase in the depth of drilling amd a not inconsiderable falling off in the average productiveness of the wells. Oil is worth at the wells two-thirds of a cent a gallon. A Berth for the Night. ‘““Half the pleasure of yachting,” says one who sails singlehanded, ‘““‘consists in the spice of adventure that comes of an evening when, on an unknown coast, you have to find some safe cove in which to anchor your small craft. Of course there is danger as well; but such silent prowling in the growing dusk is very fascinating to many.” © A Crowded House. In Manchester, N. H., there is a tenement block that is inhabited by 600 people. .

THE SUNDAY SCHOOL.

Lesson in the International St;ri'el for September 27, 1903— Quarterly Review.

GOLDEN TEXT.»The Lord is my light and my salvation.—Psa. 27:1. SUBJECTS AND GOLDEN TEXTS.

Lesson I.—lsrael Asking for a King. Golden Text: “Prepare your hearts unto the Lord, and serve Him only.”—3 Sam. =3 : b

Lesson ll.—Saul Chosen King. Golden Text: “The Lord is our King; He will save us.”’—ls. 33:22. :

Lesson llT.—Samuel’s Farewell Address. Golden Text: “Only fear the Lord, and serve Him in truth with all your heart.”—l Sam. 12:24. : .

Lesson IV.—SBaul Rejected as King. Golden Text: “To obey is better than sacrifice.”—l Sam. 15:22. Lesson V.—Samuel Anoints David. Golden Text: “Man looketh on the outward appearance, but tae Lord looketh on the heart.”—l Sam’ 16:7. Lesson Vl.—David and Goliath: Golden Text: “If God be for us, who can be against us?”—Rom. 8:31.

Lesson Vll.—Saul Tries to Kill David. Golden Text: “God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble.” —Ps. 46:1. ' : " Lesson VllL.—David and Jonathan. Golden Text: ‘“There is a friend who sticketh -closer than a brother.”—Prov. 18:24. .-

Lesson ' IX.—David Spares Saul. Golden Text: ‘“Love your enemies, do good to them which hate you.”—Luke 6:27. ' S Lesson X.—Death of Saul and Jonathan. Golden Text: “There is a way which seemeth right unto a man; but the end thereof are the ways of death.”— Prov, 14:12. : . '

Lesson Xl.—David Becomes King. Golden Text: “Behold, how good and how pleasant it is fer brethren to dwell together in unity.”—Ps. 133:1. G Jesson Xll.—Abstinexce from Evil Golden Text: ‘“‘Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess.”’—Eph. 5:18. o

[INDEFINITE CHROXNOLOGY OF _PE RIOD. :

In studying the period of the judges it will be remembered that we werealmost entirely at sea so far as chronology was concerned. From the time of Dawid on the difficulty grows steadily less, and yet, as Algen gays, it is necessarv to prefix the qualifying word “‘about” to every Biblical date down at least to the bEginning of the eighth century. Of the dozen well-known schemes of Old Testament chronology none has won general acceptance. Thechronologyderived from Assyrian inscriptions is of very great value, though it by no means removes all difficulties. These inscriptions are dated by the Assyrian calendar or canon. This canon exists in several copies,- all of which agree closely, and cover the period from about 900 B. C. to 650 B. C. Each year bears the name of an officer called an “eponym.” Theterm of office of the eponym was one year. Now this calendar mentions the fact that during the term office of the eponym Pur-Sagali, in the month of Sivan (MayJune), the sun was eclipsed. Astronomers tell us that there was a total eclipse of the sun at Nineveh June 15, 763 B. C., thus fixing with accuracy not only this date but all the rest. :

But we shall probably never have an accurate chronology for early Biblical history. Theorientalslaugh at us for being so anxious to get at exact dates and accurate figures. These things were matters of little account to thegt, as most of their histories show/ Prof, Park once illustrated the dififrence between the oriental point of view and that of the European, by sgying that you ask a German general e -lany men there are in his command he will tell you to a man, but ask the same question of a Turkish general and he will make a profound bow and say: “Bythe grace of Allah, my people are as the sand which is upon’the, seashore.” We may well remember this illustration in reading the historical parts of the Old Testament. As an illustration of the indefiniteness of our knowledge of the dates of early Biblical history we can notice two important incidents. The year in which Saul became king of Israel is variously believed to be B. C. 1095, 1048,1037 and 1020. Which date, or indeed if any is correct, we have-no means of making certain. The date of the beginning of David’s reign is as far from being certainly ascertained. Ussher says it was 1086. According to Biblical synchronisms it was 1009. The Assyrian computation puts it at 1017. Patton puts it as late as the year 1000 B. C. Figs and Thistles. g The most dangerow hypocrite is the one who deceives himself. Men would have more faith in Ged if they saw more works in men. ) Some men shout their convictions so as to silence their conscience. . The more we are burdened with substance the greater the adow we cast, He who seeks to get without giving is a gambler no matter what his business. A man is diligent to cultivate his corn, but expects his character to grow without. - Don’t keep any company in your heart that you have toapologize to yourself for. s The man who brags of his past is not tikely to have anything to brag of in his future.

THE GIRL WE ALL LIKE. The girl who is sunny. The girl who has heart. The girl who has culture. § The girl ' who loves musie. g The girl who has conscience. The girl who is tasteful and true. The girl whose voice is not loud. The girl who stands for the right. The girl who belongs to no clique., - The girl who believes in her home: The girl who lives for her friends. The girl who knows how: to say no. The girl whose eyes are wide open. The girl who talks to some purpose. The girl who believes in her mother. The girl who dislikes to be flattered. The girl who is neither surly nor sour. The girl who abhors people who gossip. ’ : The girl who is frank with her teachers. The girl whose religion shines in her life. The girl who avoids books that are silly. : i . The girl who never worships fine clothes. o e The girl who is especially kind to the poor.—Presbyterian. ; T

GIVES LIPTON A TOAST. President Roosevelt Closes lacidemt " at Dinner of the Seawan- ) - haka Yacht Clab. : Oyster Bay, L. 1, Sept -18— President Rooseveit was the guest of honor Friday night at the annual dinner of the Seawanhaka-Corinthian vach? ¢lub at its handsome and spacicus home on Center Island, in Ovster Bay While many men prominently identified with yachting in the east were present and the dinner was a handsome and delightful affair, as a fanction it was not so elaborate as the dinner committee originaily had planned. The president about 8 o'clock escorted by Lieut. Charles F. Preston. commander of the naval yacht Syiph, and Midshipman Hamner entered a launch at J. West Roosevelt pier and proceeded to the yacht club house across the bay. He was met at the club ianding by Chairman Colgate Hoyt. of - ihe board of trustees, and other officials of the club, and escorted ta_the club house. His entrance elicited applause and cheers. ; : Immediately after the arrival of the president, the guests, who numbered about 100, sat down to dinner. It was an informal affair, the various courses being interspersed with songs by gles ‘clubs, in which nearly all the guesis joined. Vice Commocdore William J Matheson, of the Seawanhaka Yach: club, was the master of ceremonies. In a graceful speech he introduced President Roosevelt, who was received with great applause, all the gusests stanaing.. The president spoke in part - as follows: x “During ‘the past summer all have been deeply interested in the int=rnational yacht races. It was 18 vears ago when the first of the single-stick-ers came to begin that great duel which has been a feature of yvachting imier-. ests during all these years. It is not wise to boast when we put our armor ' on; but rather when we put_it.of It is a curious fact that not only hias our ‘boat won the championships, but evers race of the series. We owe a debt of gratitude to the designers, the captains and the s2amer who contribured to the winning of the races bLiv the American boats. -“Now. I am going to ask rou o drink to the health of al] our galisnt opporents of the last 18 vyears and especially to iiie health of Sit Thomas Lipton, whom we had hoped 10 have with us to-night.” At this mention of Sir Thomas Lipton’s name the guests rose and cheercd enthusiasiically, and the toast was drunk with equal spirit ~ Commeodore Bourne spoke briefly. He said itl was unfortunat~ that when Sir Thomas Lipion was about to ieave this country with only pleasant memories, even at his defeat. he should be corfined {o a §ick bed in Thicazo. Just before the close of the dinmer a nuessage was sent ‘9 Sir Thomas Lipton expressing the disappoiniment of the club members at his iliness and regret at his absence, - and informing him that President Roosevelt had proposed his-health and expressed best ‘wishes for his speedy recovery. It was almost 11 o'clock whan Pres--ident Roosevelt was escoried DV members of the club-to his launch and started on his journey across the bay. As he left the landing he was Zivem three hearty cheers. KILLED HIMSELF. {li-Henlth Prompts the Saicide of the B President of a Bank i in lovg*a. Harlan, la., Sept. 19.—Edward W. Davis, president of the Shelby county bank, committed suicide Thursday night by shooting. His body was found early Friday in the furnace room of the bank building. Davis was once a member of the lowa legisiature from Pottawattomie county, and was a prominent citizen. He disposed of most of his bank stock Wednesday. but his financial affairs are said to be in good condition. He was 80 years o¢id, ‘and leaves a widow and two daughiers. 11 health is thought to have prompted the deed. : i “Kindly Received. Jackson, Ky., Sept. 19.—C01. Richard Holz, 1n command of perhaps the first Salvation Army cavalry m the coumtry, left here Friday for Masgofir county. ‘The mountaineers feel kindly toward the Salvationists, and listened to them with marked attention. Col. Holz expeets to reconhoiter with his pariy, and if prospecis are sufficiently inviting, will establish a ‘permanent location in the mountains. He said: = “I find the mountain people have been greatly misrepresented: in point of intelligence and morais.” . Imnvited teo Chieage. Chicago, Sept. 19.—The first Totabls public address by Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain following his resigaation from the British cabinet may be given an international character, Mr. Chamberlain coming to Chicago to deliver his views as the guest of the United States. An invitation to him to do so has been forwarded through the department of state at Washington from the [llinois Manufacturers’ association. A reply is being eagerly awaited to the cable message which was forwarded Friday. - Assessed Heavy Damages. & . San Francisco, Sept. 19.—The jury in the damage suit of Frederick Marriott against Thomas H. Williams, Jr., the millionaire racing man, brought in & verdict for $16,780 in favor of Marriott, who was shot several months ago by Williams and Truxton Beale. Beale was cleaveds . _ = 7 Opposes Reciprocity. Toronto, Ont., Sept. 19.—The Canadian Manufactures’ association em'phasized its expression in condemnation of any attempt to accomplish a reciprocity agreement with the United kStateS. r : ; i ~ ' A Ceostly Fire. ' New York, Sept. 19.—Fire destroyed all but the walls of the extensive slaughter house of Abraham Levy & “Company, - in Brooklyn, Friday. The loss is estimated at between $lOO.OOO and $125,000, principally of wvaluable machinery. A consignment of goods, to be shipped to-day, valued at $25,000, ‘was also destroyed. = e New Orleans, Sept. 13 —The commerce of the port was again tied up Friday by a strike of the longshoremen, which has been revived. Not a ship is