Ligonier Banner., Volume 37, Number 39, Ligonier, Noble County, 25 December 1902 — Page 2

The Northwest Indians as Lewis and Clark Found Them J» J»

e\ - /adl UCH: as Eva Emery Dye &} B gives us in “The Conquest,” r‘ \\), ' that story of the Lewis : F: and Clark expedition reE{&—k} ’: cently published by A. C. - /= NcClurg & Co., Chicago, there is nothing of greater interest than the insight-into the habits of the northwest Indians. For almost a century the line of civilization and <ettlement has been advancing into and through the great stretch of territory first explored by Capts. Lewis and Clark and their little army of brave men. At almost every stage of this new development have the white settlers met violent opposition from the red men. Through the akeounss of the Indian wars ‘that have followed wé have learned much of Indian savagery and Indian nature, but none of these have cdarried us back to the days when the emissaries of the “Great Father” at Washington penetrated the Indian country for the first time, and carried with them a message of peace and good’ will to the warring tribes. In “The Conquest” the author has given to us not so much a novel or a romance, but a narrative carefully compiled from the fragmentary bits of history that she has gathered by diligent search, and from these, by permission of .the publishers, we make the following extracts that touch upon Indian character and traits as found by the little band of explorers. ' It was on May 14, 1804, that the boats containing the expedition left the winter camp on the bank of the Mississippi opposite the mouth of the Missouri. It was in August that the representatives of the Otoes tribe were received in council at Couneil Bluffs, and of this meeting Miss Dye gives us the folloywing: > L : :

o ou.wTen dags later mpreparations were macdk to meet the Otoes at Council Biuffs, On a cottonwood pole the flag was fiying. A great feast was ready, when atar off, Drouillard and Cruzatte were seen approaching with their friends. # ‘Boom,’” went the blunderbuss, and the council smoke arose under an awning made of the mainsail of the bateau. Every man of the expedition parade@ in his best uniform. sz :

“ Lewis talked. <Clark talke@ Ail the ix chiefs expressed satisfaction in the

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change of government. They begged to be remembered to. their Great Father, the president, and asked for mediation between them and the Omahas. : *“ ‘What is the cause of your war? i

“‘We have no horses,” anzswered the childlike Otoes. ‘We borrow their horses. Then they scalp us. We fear the Pawnees also. We very hungry, come to their village when they are hunting, take a little corn.’ :

*“The captains could 'scarcely repress a itipile, nor yet a tear. Thefts, reprizals, idnight burnings anad slaughter, this was the reign immemorial in this land of anarchy. In vain the tribes might plant—never could they reap. ‘We poor Incian,’ was the universal lament. . -

‘“‘Severely solemn, Lewis and Clark hung medals on the neck of each chief, and gave -him a paper with greetings from Thomas Jefferson with the seals of Lewis and Clark impressed with red wax and attached with a blue ribbon. - .

*“‘When-.you look at these, remember your Great Father. You are his children. He bids you stop war and make peace with one anotker. In 1860 the Otoe Indians exhibited at Nebraska City those ig@entical papers, borne for more than half a century in all their homeless wanderings, between flat pieces of bark and tied with buckskin thongs. - E : : . “Then gifts were distributed and chiefs’ dresses. With more hanlshakings and booming of cannon, the flotilla sailed away that sultry afternoon 100 years ago. The chiefs stood stil on the shore and wonceringly gazed at one another. * 'These are the peacemakers,'”

A little further on we find this description of the first meeting of the Americans with the terrible Sioux: “ *What river is this, Dorion?’ Captain Lewis had thrown open his infantry uniform to catch the cooling gust down a silver rift in the shore, s ‘¢ ‘Petite Riviere des: Sioux. Go to Des Moines country. Pass tro. te Lake of te Spirit, full of islands. Lead to Dog Plain, Prairie @u Chien, four days from te Omaha country. Des Sioux—' - “Dorien drew his. forefinger "across his throat and lapsed into silence. They were his people, he-would not traduce them. But his listeners understood—the Sioux were ‘cut-throats,” this was their name among the tribes.

. *The voyagers trembled. ‘B 3 Py S on Dieux! le Sioux sauvage, he keel de voyageur an’ steal deir hair? - :

"":;i"he Sioux, the terrible Sioux, were dog Indians. ever on the move raiding back ana forth, restless and unsieeping.. Almost’to Athabasca theif travoises kigked up the summer dust, their dog trains dragged across the plains of Manitoba. On the Saskatchewan they pitched their leather tents and chased the buffalo; around Lake Winnipeg they scaiped the Chippewaf. At the Falls of St. Anthony they spread their fishing nets, and at Niagara Falls the old French Jesuits found them. “Now they were stealing Horses. For horses, down the Missis=ippi they murcered the Illinois.: For horses, the Mandan on the upper Missouri heard and trembled. ‘The Sioux! the Sioux!” The Ponca paled in his mud hut on the Niobrara the Omaha retreated up the Platte, the Cheyenne hid in the cecar-curtained recesses on the Black Hills, J . ““More puissant than the Six Nationg of the Iroquois, the Siouv Confederacy domiuated.frqm the Red River of the North to One in Point. . : “There are 'occasions,” remarked the Philosopher, “when it is to one's advantage to make light of a serious question.” : “There are,” replied the Wise Guy. “I got a note from my tailor last week in which he asked me if T was ever going to pay him, and 1 proceeded at onee to light my cigar with it.,”—Cincinnati Commercidl Tribune.

the Re@ River of Texas. Wilder than the Comanches they- rode, more cunning in theft than the Crows, more bloodthirsty than the Blackfeet. On the red man’s triple plea for war—horses, scalps and wives—the Sioux were pirates of the streams and despots of the prairie. . “ .7, . Under the Calumet biuffs the flag was flying when the Yanktcn Sioux came down in state and crossed the river to the council. The Yankton Sioux were reputed to be the best of their nation, and brave as any, with” their necklaces of bear’s claws, paints and feathers. They were kindly savages, ¢ignified@ and sol-

emn, with heads shaved to the eagle plume, and arraved in robes wrought with porcupine quills, ’ :

- “With Dorion as interpreter Captain Lewis delivered the usual speech, and presented flags, medals and chiefs’ dress; a richly laced coat, cocked hat and red feather. The ceremonious Indians withdiew to consider a suitable answer.

““The next morning again the chiefs assembled, solemnly seated in a row with enormous peace-pipes of red stone and stems a yard long, all pointing toward the seats intended for Lewis and Clark. *But the great Indian diplomats did not hasten. : S UHRY i . :

‘“Even the stoic Sioux could not refrain from an ejaculation of admiration as they half rose, pipe in hand, to gaze in awe and wonder as -the white chiefs entered the council. No such traders ever came up the Missouri, no such splendia@ apparations as the Red@ Head Chief and his brother, pink and white as the roses on the river Jaques. . “Captain Lewis habitually wore hisggunny hair in a queue; to-day it was loosened into a waving cataract, and Clark, slipping off his eeiskin bag, let his red locks fall, a strange and wondrous symbol. No such red and gold had ever been seen in the Indian country.. With pale berries they stained their porcupine quills, with ochre painted the buffalo lodges, with vermilion rouged their faces, but none like these growing on the heads of men! : ‘‘Seating themselves with all due dignity, Lewis and Clark scarce lifted@ their eyes from the ground as the Grand Chief Weucha extended his decorated pipe in silence. A full hour elapsed before Weucha, slipping his robe to give full play to his arm, arose before them. - i

‘ll see before me my Great Father's two sons.- We very poor. We no powder, ball, knives. Our women and children at the village no clothes. I wish my brothers would give something to those poor people. - : : 7 * ‘I went to the English, they gave me a medal and ‘clothes. I went to the Spanish, they gave me a medal. Now you give me a medal and clothes. Still we are poor. ] wish you would give me something for our squaws.’ S *‘Then other chiefs spoke: ‘Very poor.

Have pity on us. Send us traders. We want powder and ball.’ *Deadly as were the: Sioux arrows—one twang of their bowstring coul@ pierce a buffalo—yet a better weapon has crossed their vision. Firearms, powder, ball, fabulous prices,' these problems change@ Indian history.”

The book gives us an insight into the character of different tribes of the Sioux, but, passing these, we come to the fabled Mandans—the Mandans whom story tells us were the descendants of Welsh settlers who came to Amerieca in 1170, long before. the days of Columbus. It was with the Mandaus that the exploring party made their winter home. One incident. of the winter lifie is related as follows: .”BUS.\f vévery day now were Lewis angd Clark.making up their reports and drawing a map of the country. Shahaka, Big White, came and helped them. Kagohami, of the Minnetarees, came, and with a coal on a robe made a sketch of the Missouri that Clark re-drew. “But in the midst of the map-making all the Incian talk was of ‘war, war, war.’ “ ‘I am going to war against thé Snakes in the spring,’ said Kagohami. . " 'Nu’ sald Lewls, ‘that will displease the President. He wants you to live in. peace.’ - ; ‘ ‘Suffer me to go to war against the Sioux,’ bégged another chief. * ‘No,” answered@ Lewis. ‘These wars are the cause of all your troubles. If you do not stop it the Great Father will withdraw his protection from you. He will come over here and@ make you stop it.’ *‘ ‘Liook on the many nations whom war has destroyed,” continued Lewis. ‘Think of your poverty andi misfortunes. If you wish to be happy, cultivate peace and friendship. Then you will have horses. Then you will grow strong.’ *‘ ‘Have you spoken thus to gll the tribes?" inquired Kagohami. “ ‘We hayve.’ ‘.*And did they open their ears?’ ¢ 'They aid.’ —* ‘I have horses enough,’ reflected Kagohami, ‘I will not go to war.. I will advise my nation to remain at home until we see whether the Snake Indians desire peace.’ ‘;?ne night the hunters came in with the report, ‘A troop of whooping Sioux have captured our horses and taken our knives.’ ‘lt was midnight, but Lewis immediately routed up the men and set out with 20 volunteérs on the track of the marauding Sioux. In vain. The boasting freebooters had escaped with the horses beyond recovery:. o e ‘* ‘We are sorry we did not kill the white men,” was the word sent back by an Arikara. ‘They are bad medicine. We shall scalp the whole camp in the spring.’ ‘Aside from the detailed history which the book contains; aside from the interesting story of a. great achievement, come these touches of Indian ¢haracter and Indian traits to ‘give us and insight into the red men who caused us great trouble in the ye_%n's that followed. Dozens of such incidents are related, and .in fact the whole . of the interesting volume abounds with them. e SR : His Objection. 4T wish,” said Senator Sorghum, pensively, “that you would refrain from circulating these reports-that I am willing to pay for votes.” : “Do you deny the charge?” _ - “That has nothing to do with the case. - I don’t want everybody - who might be willing to vote my way free to f€el that he is wasting money.”--Washington Star. :

HEART ACTION AFTER DEATH.

Wonderful Vitality of the Henart Muscle Shown by Recent Interesting Experiments.

A series of experiments upon the hearts of animals is described by Dr. A. A. Kouliabko, of St. Petersburg, in the Academy of Sciences bulletin of that city. They relate to the possibility of resuscitation after death has apparently arrived. It has been known for years that when human patients are in an enfeebled condition from disease, and the hearvt shows a disposition to stop, the injection of certain salt solutions into the veins will stimulate it temporarily, and perhaps tide the person over a crisis. Dr. Kouliabko h%s been working on that principle, but he has worked with the hearts of animals that were supposed to be dead, reports the New York Tribune. At first he experimented with creatures that had been killed while in a healthy condition, and later with those which had died from natural cavses. He declares that he was able to cause the hearts of the former to contract regularly, as lin erdinary beating, for a period varying from 44 hours to five days. With - animals that had died he maintained an artificial circulation of blood for three or four days. e The Russian then went on to make tests with human hearts. One was that of a three months old child which had died of pneumonia. No special pains were taken to care for the heart, and experiments were not begun until the second day after. Ho then used what is called “Locke's solution,”- a composition ' containing small quantities of chlorides of lime, potash and soda, carbonate of soda and dextroise, For_a long time (about 20 minutes) this heart remained. flabby, but afterward there began to appear contractions of the auricles, at first feeble and irregular. then stronger, then the right ventricle began to contract, and finally the whole heart began to beat. The contractions lasted for over an hour. More or less marked irregular contractions were afterward observed by Dr. Kouliabke on several occasions in human hearts that had been taken out 30 or more hours after death.

Commenting -on these facts, the New York Medical News savs:

“These experiments are interesfir{g. not only theoretically, as showing the wonderful vitality of-the heart muscle, but also practioally, _for the heart ceases to beat in many morbid conditions, not from exhaustion, but from the presence of toxic substances in the walls of the organ, and the removal of these substances by washing with saline solutions produces a freshening of the muscles resulting in resuscitation of the organ, enabling it to contract rhythmically again. The practical significance of these experiments cannot be estimated as vet.” ’

KILLING THE BIG BLACK BEAR.

Bruin Is the Espeeial Prize That Every Ambitious Sportsman Is Eager to Bag. . .

A big black bear is the trophy that al. sportsmen who have been in the woods are after. Shooting deer is all right, and a moose, of course, is a sportsman’s ambition until he gets one, then he must have a bear, says the Bangor (Me.) Commercial. A large number .of Dbears have come down from the woods so far this fall, and it seems as if Maine bruin were either very plentiful or decidedly careless. ' Hunters from out of the state especially like to get a bear. The stories: of - how' the prizes are shot can never be proved out oi the way, as a female with young does not wadit van instant if brought to bay or if she thinks the young ones are in danger, from attacking a man or several men, for that matter. Bear hunting, however, is not so precarious as the sportsmen often make it out to be. The killing often consists of merely running across one in the woods and shooting him before he can get away. Then dogs are often used in hunting bears. While the dogs by their barking and snapping are keeping thé big brute excited the hunter has time to take a good aim and get his game. Bears are often found in their dens and smoked out. They are sometimes inclined to be ugly when this is done, but do not stand much chance against two or three 45-90 s. :

Practically all bears which are shot by sportsmen are brought out of the woods and either mounted whole or made into rugs, or. the hqads are set up with the mouth open to give them ,a fierce expression. - 9

Bears are outside the pale of the law in Maine and may be shot, trapped or killed in any other way wherever they may be found.

Whenever a bear comes down from up-river the owner can always be found at the western depot. Perhaps he has a deer or moose along that he has to identify. After dcing so he will always ask if it is necessary for him to prove property in regard to the bear, and he smiles proudly on the ' crowds which are always gathercd around the wardens. If the bear is all the game that he has, he will make a big touse about. not being able to find the warden so as to identify his bear, for, of course, he wants to be sure that the bear isn’t seized. He wouldn’t have that happen for anything. Oh, no. Nor would he have the crowd remain ignorant of the faet that he got his bear.

The First Newspaper

Antwerp claims the honor of having printed the first newspaper—l6os —and is accordingly preparing to hold a great tercentenary celebration in 1905. The paper in question was a news sheet printed by Abraham Verhoeven by permission of Archduke Albert and Duchess Isabelle. The first English paper appeared in 1622,

Fuzzle—Name the Street

Clark-—There is a most remarkable echo in one of the North side streets. - Wabash—What’s remarkable about it? : .

“Why, if you cail out ‘Hello, Peterson!’ the echo says ‘What Peterson do you mean?’ no less than 17 times,’ —Chicago Daily News. : Gl

Have You Any of the Signs of Insanity ? ¢ &

Little Things Which Are Said to Tell When the Mind Is Not Right.

‘ =NCCORDING t 5 _\\\ ¢ many eminent s}\'\:;;_\ LR specialists there ,’%\\\ \\\ £ @l are a great many %‘;EE e (| more crazy people B N R |8 . N ¥ § at large than arc SN =) : Bas g AL, [§ confined in asyoA '=§\ O /B 1 7ANN\P} lums. In fact they AN () : R\ say there are 2N\ ! many really mad ). ok /4//? people who are ""7' /,7/ neither aware of A ey - = .g s R% p 4 their . conditions i :’j,'{";//v/ %1 themselves, nor . /§I/l .*)~J have their friends i y and acquaintances cuspec it A man has a good >u.\‘puted . chance of going mad if Even eminent he is addicted to swing- specialists may be i s cane vi - .3 . ing h s cane violently mikstaken at around in a cirole. S : times, and loT that reason we do not give their opinions as actual facts, and thollglx all the signs which they point to as evidences of madness may indicate such a condition in some cases, and - with some people, yet if you are otherwise mentally sound we do not believe the existence of one or more of these evidences in your case should necessarily cause you to seek restraint in an asylum for the insane. A Boston specialist delivered some time ago a lecture on the evidences Y ¢ AN N W 2 W) S 2 ~/ i ‘\&—%/jg‘ g M =) 8 e ‘\\\““‘;'s&;‘ PR\~ 5 The man who grips his newspaper fiercely, as though he gxpected it to be torn from him, is on the high road to macdness, of insanity before an audience of insurance men, and in this he pointed to a large number of what he classed as the common, every-day symptoms of brain disease, and he declared #®that time that.it was the duty of all who first comprehend these signs to enlighten the unfortunate man or wom‘an, who exhibit them, that advice might be sought before it was too late. ;

According to some specialists you, without doubt, are in the incipient stages of insanity if you, in reading a newspaper, grip it fiercely with both hands as though you expected someone to tearitaway from you. The man with an evenly balanced mind never clutches his newspaper in this manner. e holds it firmly but gently, To-morrow morning look around at your fellow citizens and observe how they hold their newspapers. You will doubtless see at least three out of eight exhibiting the lunatic grip! :

The man—or the woman—who makes ‘it a habit of carrying his—or her—umbrella, grasping it tightly in the center, is likely to become mad in the course of time. It has been discovered that the conditien of the brain at this stage is such as to bring about mental aberration in a degree likely to engender a total disregard for appearances. This finds expression in such little things as carrying parcelsin a clumsier and less comfortable way than that which is ¢ustomary—and more convenient. 1t is not in this way alone that the humble umbrella plays an important part in the drama of lunacy detection. A man is walking through a crowded street. It suddenly beginsto rain. The man jerks his umbrella until it lies at right angles to his body in front of his

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The man who opens his umbrelia held@ straight out in front of him, thereby endangering the eyes and noses of passersby, is said to have a taint of madness in his brain. 3 3

face. He keeps it there, but mnever pauses on his way. DPassers-by dodge the point of that umbrella as it makes for their faces and seeks to poke an entrance into their eye-sockets. Snap! The cover is up at last, and not till then is it raised above his head. Mad? Well, according to recent research, that umbrella fiend is pretty well on the road to a lunatic asylum. ‘ Another embryonic maniac may also be recognized as he takes his walks. This is the man who persists in swinging his walking-stick in ‘a circle as he strides thrmfgh the street. A lunacy expert declares that this reprehensible habit is almost certain proof of the existence of lunaey; not one sane man in a hundred would dream of manipulating a walking-stick in this way, as stupid as it is dangerous to other users of the pavement. ;

How do you draw a circle? A great deal depen(js on whether you begin it from left to right or from right to left. Ome doctor has studied this point very carefully, and he has noticed that lunatics invariably begin drawing from the right towards the left, whereas a person with a well-balanced brain, such as a mathematician, commences the circle from the left towards the right. Eccentricity in the use of pen or pencil is a sure sign of mental derangement, possibly not yet sufficiently marked to be noticeable, but nevertheless there, and often ready to break out. .

Tllegibility in the writing of educated adults, the frequent and often pointless underlining of words, are both common enough amongst everybody’s acquaintances. In the opinion of at least one very eminent mind specialist,

both ‘are sure signs of an unbalanced brain—as i$ the writing of the man whose lines run up or down across the page. : :

IFor those of us who have friends given to exaggeration—not to say downright untruthfulness—it may come. almost with comforting force to know that these characteristics are due to an abnormal mental condition,

‘@ “ o — .—-‘—’" N T ( S ‘7 ) R Y A\ N ; A When you bite your finger nails you are said to undoubtedly display a symptom of madness and shoul@ see an expert. only removed by a narrow margin from real madness. Self-consciousness is another forerunner of insanity. There is always the certainty that & man who blushes and stammers when in the presence of ladies has the little rift within the lute which may widen into something mowe, always the possibility that it may do so with appalling suddenness, A Hungarian professor has devoted years to the study of lunatics and their ways, and in his capacity as visiting specialist to a large private asylum in the Hungarian capital he has ample scope for observation. The habitual contraction of the brows and forehead, resulting in the skin forming a mass of wrinkles and eccentric lines, is given by the professor as one of the surest indications of approaching or semi-insanity. So is the odd habit of placing the sole of one boot across the instep of the other whenever you sit down, or even when standing. People who, in walking along the street, tap every lamp-post as they pass, or draw their fingers along walls or palings, are very far from sane. What is at first a trick of manner becomes after a time an absolute mania. Should a person given to one of these habits remember, at midnight, say, that he or she had forgotten to touch

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The habit of placing the sole of one foot across the instep of the other is said to be a sure sign of macness, incipient or otherwise,

a certain post or to draw a line along a certain wall during the day, that person will, if the trick has become a mania, arise from bed to remedy the omission, no matter what trouble it may cost them. - . Insanity is almost bound to follow in due course. i

A watch should be constantly kept on a man's fingers and a mental note taken of the way in which they are used. For instance, if a man frequently uses them to pull or twist his mustache, there is little doubt that he is threatened with the terrible affiiction.

Then again, grown persons who bite their finger nails are in doing so exhibiting symptoms which the Hungarian expert would regard with considerable suspicion. All these are traits which mark the men or women jn the world who are either half-mad already or may become mad any day. Yet they maintain a reputation for sanity, while some, who are undoubtedly sane incur the charge of madness.

A well-known balloonist, Rev. .. M. Bacon, had an adventure which shows this but too well. He was ballooning with a friend, and, on descending to earth, they brought up unexpectedly in the garden at the back of an asylum for the insane. They were taken into the quarters of the resident doctor and entertained at dinner. Mr. Bacon and, his friend then left by the front door, promising to send a cart

v , r.@’i\ J O e N J‘Q | b - B Qis iR y 3),\ /.‘, S Men who are in the habit of playing with their mustaches are said to stand a very good chance of going mad, if not already so. for 'the balloon. When they reached the gates of the asylum, the porter stepped from his lodge and stopped them. ; *How long have you been here?” he asked. “About two hours,” was the reply. “l didn’t see you go in.” “Oh, we came in at the back.” “That’s strange.” said the porter, “there’s no door there. How did you get in?” “Oh, answered Mr. Bacon, ‘“we came over from X (naming a town not far off) “in my balloon.” “Of course! 1 see,” said the porter soothingly, “but you must wait a minute, while I sdnd for someone to open the gates.” The' gates were locked, and Mr. ‘Bacon had to wait till a doetor arrived to proclaim his sanity. H. J. HOLMES.

WHERE PONIES RUN WILD.

éShackelford's Banks” on the Coast ¢f North Carolina the Home of Hendreds of Them.

- No more historical as well as interesting and curious territory is in the United States than the long sand banks which mark the eastern boundary of North Carolina, and which form a vast breakwater within which are the “sounds” throuagh which the government now proposes to provide an inland waterway which will end the terrors of Cape Hatteras. 3

On that part of the banks further to the southward of -Cape Hatteras there are little ponies, the only wild horses east of the Mississippi—ponies which have more than three centuries of history behind them, and which date back to the time of knightly Sir Walter Raleigh and the days when the Moors of Barbary were a power, says the New York Herald.

The part of the banks in question is known as Shackelford’s banks, taking its name from the chief owner. Beginning at Ocracoke inlet this streteh of sand reaches to Bogue inlet, terminating -at Shackelford’s point, in front of the town of Peaufort. Shackelford's banks is almost 40 miles long, low lying, with here and there dunes or sand hills rising to a height of say 40 feet, tree covered, the trees lpaded with vines, and in this mass of nearly sub-tropical vegetation, much of it evergreen, are the Spanish bayonet, prickly pear or small cactus, and the fan or scrub palmetto. s

On Shackelford’'s banks alone the little ponies are found in their wild state—nowhere else. There are said to be. about 1,200 of them on the banks. Inquiry made of residents as to whether the number of ponies had decreased during the last 50 years brought the response that it had, and that until about 1850 the ponies had increased. '

The ponies weigh about 300 pounds, and their height is about 13 to 14 hands—that is, @Y, to 41, feet. Their life is mainly on the banks, though in very stormy weather they sometimes swim over to the mainland, a distance of from two to five miles. Their food is marsh grass, leaves of scrubby trees and shrubs and berries, particularly the berries of the holly. The woods usually give them a good shelter, and hence it is seldom that they seek the shelter of the mainland. They live to quite an age, but the average is about 22 years. Some reach the age of 40. When they want water .they bore holes in the sand in low places and secure plenty of it.

These " ponies have _owners. The “banks”™ are owned by various persons, largely by grants sold by the states. These people make pens out of driftwood and rough logs and poles, and into these some of the penies and their colts are at times driven and branded. A colt follow-

ing & branded mare is considered the property of the owner of the mare.” and he holds it. In . cases where there are colts which do not follow the mares, the “penners’— that is, the men who make and own the pens—take them. Such is the Unwritten law. . The ponies are driven out of the serub by drivers or herders, 4nd this is a matter of no small difficulty. as the scrub is often so thick as to be jungle. threaded by thousands of narrow patis through the shining sand. The wind and salt keep down much of the vegetation, so that there may be seen hickory trees not over three feet in height, yvet loaded with nuts, and horse chestnut trees equgl1y dwarfed. The colts. are covered with hair several inches in length, nature's protection against the weather. This looks like felt. 'lt falls off in large flakes. Most of the colts are of a faded brown color. but .some are black. These ponies are known in all parts of the state as “banker” ponies. They do not appear to ba sold much outside of North Carolina, as the people in other states do not know anvthing about them. They cross well with horses.

When taken up countrv and fed upon- corn, hay and oats they fill out and darken in color somewhat. Their instinet is remarkable.. They Lknow. by means of it the way to get to the mainland or to islands with the minimum amount of swimming. and the writer has seen them wade great distances without getting out of their depth, making various turns and changes of dié‘ctinn to conform to the shoals, yet they are fearless swimmers. . .

Though an inlet only about two miles in width separates Shackelford’s banks from Bogue banks, the ponies never go on the latter banks, nor do they cross the Ocracoke inlet. The ancestors of these hardy and valuable little horses were the Barbary horses which Sir Walter Raleigh sent over with his colonists, to Roanoke ‘island. Sir Walter Raleigh’s colonists, when the relief from England was so long delayed in reaching them, went with the Indians to the mainland, but must have. left the ponies. The Indians were unused to horses, .These Indians were the Haterasks, who gave their name to the dreaded cape, These sturdy iittle ponies are therefore a part of 'the romance which hangs about this quaint part of North Carolina. There are persons who hold that Raleigh’s colonists first landed on Shackelford’s banks, and later went to the isle of Roanoke, where they built their fort, because it was a more defensible place, and that they left the “little Barbary horses” on the banks until better times should come. - English in Mexican Schools. The English language is to be systematically taught in Mexican schools, English being deemed as necessary as Spanish for commercial life. More Mexican children than ever before are being sent to the United States for education.—Suecess. : Rain and Sheep. In Australian regions where the annual ®rainfall does not:exceed ten inches, a square mile of land will support only eight or nine sheep; in Buenos Ayres, with 34 inches of rain, a square mile supports 2,560 sheep. —Detroit Free Press.

, e 3'«;-.-'1 l‘ ~ 1 e ravleUl NG D ) L M 8 R S \ XA [ V) A\ Y Y, e ) T P\ o ', I‘O,‘ A~ 9 r= W MlYaooe S B i §) .““ % :~-.\(, : d = - . - --—— i . k R s R A eAP PmrnA THE MENAGERIE. Oh, look at my Mer.uge‘rie_ V L Argd see the funny things! - They are the wildest arimals With horns and tails.and wings,. The beetle is a 'Noceros, S This bug's-a Buflalo, : I call the mole my Eiepkant ) Because he's big and Slow, The spotted yellow l;uiy-bilg LT "A lovely Leopard makes, . - This monster fish-worm is .a Bodg, These monster caterpiilars, Snakes. . The grasshopper's a Kangaroo—" (You know they both can jump) Thre snail’s a Camel, for his shell ¢ Is just a truly hump: : e I Cared to catch a bumble-bee ) And keep him in a cage . . . Of morning-giory; he's a Lion, Just hear him roar and rage! o oL The lizard is a 'Potamus, e The hop-toad is a Bear; ; . Oh, look at my Meragerle, . ) : But not too near—take care! —Abbie Farwell Brown, in Cor.gregationalist. ) OSPREY’S SOLID HOME. - - Made of Sticks, IPieves} of nrnkeﬁ Oars gn-d Other Wreckage and Weighs 400 Pounds. g It is good luck to have a fishhawk, or osprey, as it is sometimes called, build its nest on one’s farm. That is what the farmers say, and although the nest of this bird is as wonderful and as full of odds and ends as an ancient curiosity shop, they never molest it. It is only when some cold-blooded naturalist comes along, who wants to get the scientific fasts about everything, that it is possible to learn grbont the home of the fishhawk. B ] Such a nest, says.the New York Tribune, was recently found on Gardiner’s island by mnaturalists © from

45 1),'1'1-‘.:', LR TR . L : . - G -‘-}- » T b -.,:(,G' BAt ;;1; 7 oao P = Y A e Nk ¢ “’{-/\;\l f// . : \ \d‘}/ Py A i Lo F Ny “,';v" > "'. S 3 5 bﬁ 7~ S Re° NIl 25% Sil et o —— ———— Y | PoT : : e -l“ SEGIATA S TR - At [y SR N g B ki 4 T\ N OSSR e P ST = A S ’!4:4“;- : e N RN B : ———————W B "#sa?;-*““ ', 5 . EWS, B G KA Lyl 2oy i A o ol )/ e 'g;r,yqf‘f?fe? =L = 4 s ) RS | ﬁ“‘;y STt L) (il 2o O IR ) L v e i B S e Lt % B ek| eAo < S -:—f“': “L R _':;:‘f};':;. = = &l . o aad ;t,;’f"m p '-p\ B L ~ ‘m“";{l!‘ " 'tl‘lgi‘_ "&' N A v T/ ke = s ieh R L Saieg T SO A BIG RIRD:S NEST. the Bronx zoo. They took.it down and set it up again in a tree in the Bronx gardens.. This was no easy task, for the cumbrous home weighed more than 400 pounds S Instead of being made of .straws and feathers, like other birds’ nests, the fishhawk's nest is constructed of sticks, pieces of broken oars and splinters of wrecked boats.. Stowedl away in the framework -are often found pieces of fish net, fish bones. skeletons of other birds, strands of barbed wire, soles of old shoes, corset bones, remnants cf clothing and not a few pearl buttons. : : The nshhawk occupiés its nest only one season, and if it returps after the winter 1s over builds another home. Oftentimes other birds inhabit the empty house, and iun the one found on Gardiner's island there were three blackbird's nests, each containing a pair of speckled brown and green cggs. Some superstitious people think that an empty fishhawk’s nest is haunted, for they say that. the tree in which it is built always dies and the young of other birds hatched there fall a prey to hawks before they grow up.

THE DOG HAS RIGHTS. St. Louis Judge Has Given a Decision in Which All Boys Are Interested s More or Less. A man in St. Louis named Abram Simon has a dog named Jupiser. Another named Quinn has a boy named Willie. While Willie was trying to tie a can full of rocks to Jupiter's tail. Jupiter bit him:. Then Willie's parents brought a suit for damage against M Simon before Judge Sidener. The judge dismissed the suit and made this ruling about the rights of dogs—probably the first instance in- which the rights of any animal 1o resort to selfdefense have ever been made the subject of a decision in a court of law. Any dog has a legal and undeniable right to bite any man, woman or child who purposely and-with intent to disturb said dog's tranquillity and peac= of mind does attach orcause to be attached to said dog’s“tail a tin' can or other weight which will impede the progress of said animal. A dog which bites its persecutor-in such-a case is acting purely and honestly in self-de-fense, and is as justly immune from punishment as the man who strikesa burglar in defense of"his own life and welfare. . & i T

The next time you see a boy trying to tie a tin can to a dog’s tail remind him (the boy) of the dog’s rights and if he will not let the dog alone have him arrested.—Little Chronicle. :

Pig Was Getting Better.

In a country school in Pike county, Pa., one of the scholars, a small and trembling boy; timidly approached the schoolmaster, -one- afternoon, and inquired if he might bring an offering of fresh pork, explaining that the folks at home were about to kill a pig. The ‘schoolmaster thanked th«- boy, and said he would be delight‘ed with a portion. A week or more passed, 'with no sign of the pork; and the teacher gocd-humoredly inquired of .he boy what had become of his good intentions. “P-please, sir,” faltered the boy, ¢the pig got b-b-better.” . - - .

BILLY HAD A LARK.

Runaway Pony Scattered Delicious " Butter Balls Along Half a- ' ~~ Mile of Street.

Billy was a beautiful bay-colored pony. He was none of your heavy, slow-going farm hprses that have to be urged on their way. Not hel Like a swift deer he cleared the ground, and horseback riding on Billy was a delight. Everyone loved him. He was so beautiful. He would toss his fine head and arck his neck in such a saucy way when being harnessed that one was sure. he was only waiting impatiently to be off on a gay canter. i

One morning the weekly supply of butter was needed and Arthar was asked to run over to the farjahouse for it.” He was just waitirg his chance to ride Billy, so he said there was not time to walk before school, £0 _he guessed he'd ride Billy over.

' Mother protested, but Arthur pleaded, and so much/time was loss that nrother saw that she must g 9 without the butter or allow Arthur to ride the colt.

Billy looked verf sweet and innocent of any mischievous plan as he t-otted out of the yard at a very mild pace. It was the first time Arthur had ever been on his back, and be sat proudly. The orly thing that made him realize that he was not a valiant knight on a prancing charger was the tin butter pail on his arm. . z

Arthur rcached the farmhouse in good time, ard the empty butter paii was exchangeu for one filled ~with half-pound prints of delicious yeilow butter. )

Arthur started fcr home. Billy, in fine feather, was cantering aloag gayly. A few rods from the farm, near the road, stood a smalk blacksmith’s shop, where several men were lounging ‘about, waiting for the “baoss™ to come and set them to work. ~As Arthur rode by one of the men gave a long, low whistle, which started Billy 'on the round run. Arthur was nearly thrown by Billy’s sudden spring forward, and in his efforts to regain his seat and control the horse the pail of butter slipped further up his ‘arm, the cover fell off and Billy and Arthur wént prancing through the main street of the village, sca:tering balls of golden butter behind them. e

“Everyone rushed to deors and windows at the clatter of hoofs, and soon men and women, girls, boys and babies started in a procession after the proud knight, who was scattering gold in his path as he scampered Ly on his proud steed: e When DBilly dashed into the yara, the last print of butier lay in the road some yards behind him. and mother rushed out to find a-dishev-eled rider, a panting horse, and all the neighbors with all their childrea congregated” in her backyard. But that was net the worst of i 1; she found an-empty pail. - _Arthur had to walk back to- the farm for more butter, and he had plenty of company on the way, who thoughtfully pointed out the little soft yellow heaps to him, lying at intervals in the road. — - But Billy? Well, he was not a bis penitent. He.only smiled when they led him in the stall and tossed his head as ‘much as to say: “That was a fine lark, wasn‘t it?"—N. .} Trib une. - . INCOMBUSTIBLE WOOD. IZow to Perform a Little Triek That ' Is Calculated to Mystify Your " Young Friends. 1 - Alum .and glue in equal parts are dissolved in water strongly saturated with salt. Both solutions are mixed together. Dip splinters of wood inio the fluid until every part is saturated; let them dry,; and repeat

\\\ i ‘ \ \ 0 i \\ 8\ - \:} : V 4 Y Y D < oS 0 S f;,..§~.~§'\.,,‘:{,/ S % W S A NS - - N y ””\:;@;::7%’# \\ B N L 7 i' iy K : .}'/ ) ~“HOW THE TRICK IS DONE. the process. Wood prepared in such a way will not burn. To make the trick more interesting and to avoidthe suspicion that the splinters are prepared, mix them among other un--prepared splinters after marking them in a certain way. “After burning a few splinters, pick out one of the prepared ones and deelare that by your magic influence the splinter you hold in your_hand will become incombustible. Hand it over to the audience, and it is easily understood that nobody will be able to set it afirée.—Boston Globe. . Thousands of Strange Fish. There are no less than 3.262 different species of fish inhabiting the waters of America north of the isthmus of Panama. - : Logic, Male and Female. 5 She—l know that it is not so, but I cannot help feeling ihat it is. - He—l don’t care whether it’s so or not—l don’t believe it.—Judge. Candid Confession. The Lady—What is your station in life? : The Tramp—The police station most of the time.—N.Y. Herald. . - Hard to Understand. : *lf love is blind,” remarked the Observer of Events and Things, “howisit that it is always looking for the girl with money 2”—Yonkers Statesmanu,