Ligonier Banner., Volume 37, Number 13, Ligonier, Noble County, 26 June 1902 — Page 2

The Expansion of Fourth of July %= Growth of the American Sentiment and Territorial Growth ol the United States from 1776 to 1902.

' _as, OURTH OF JULY stands for , S that sentiment dearest to the W hearts of the typical Americans. i 1t is the sentiment that made BWS the struggling colonies “free and , t\s‘ . independent states;” it is the ‘?i“‘i' sentiment that fortified our foreP Mg iathers to withstand the hardPR ships and trials of the long war x " with England, that their land, ~¥ % .ndour land, might be free from the tyranny of King George 111. With all of our distinctively national holidays there is a sentiment; it is a sentiment that makes them possible; that sets them apart as memorial day in each year of our history; but the sentiment to which we give expression with such evidences of joy as the boom of the firecracker, the whizz of the rocket, is the sentiment that will outlive all other of our national sentiments. And this Fourth of July sentiment has proven to be an expanding sentiment. It has followed the flag, and wherever “Old Glory” has been unfurled there has July 4 been a holiday, dear to the hearts of the people. When the old liberty bell at Philadelphia proclaimed to the anxious populace that their chosen representatives had set their mames to that document which pro<latmed forever our separation from England, and made of them a nation among mations, it aroused within the hearts of the colonists a new love of freedom, . Before that day they had been fighting only for therr rights as colonists, after that they fought for their rights as men—as a peopie. It instilled a new sentiment in the hearts of the American people, a sentiment” that has pushed steadily westward with advancingsettlement. The hardy piomeers who crossed the Allegheny mountains carried the sentiment with them into the walley of the Ohio; they planted it on the west banks of the Mississippi when the Louisiana territory became ours; they carried it into Texas, California and the morthwest as new acquisitions broadened ‘our territorial area. And wherever this sentiment has been planted in the past it has flourished. It has attained as vigorous a growth west of the Mississippi as it has east of it; it is to-day as mueh an institution, as much a part of the year’s life of the people of California, once Mexican soil, in Washington, once English soil, in Florida, once Span3sh soil, as it is at its birthplace in Philadelphia. o

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July 4, 1776.

SWhen on July 4, 1776, that most historic of all days in the life of the American republic, the continental congress, in session in Philadelphia, declared ‘“That these TUnited Colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent states,” they spoke for less than 4,000,000 people.. The territory covered by the original 13 colonies, in which the first Fourth of July was celeSrated, was about 00,000 square miles in extent, though scarcely one-fifth of this could be said to be inhabited other than by savages, and much of it had never been wisited by white men. It extended from the Atlantic on the east to the Mississippi on the west, to Florida on the south, and to Maine on the northeast, and to a little morth of the present northern boundary of Iliinois, on the northwest. The map shows the political divisions as claimed by the different colonies. ;

ENEIEREERERER .&ﬁ {ﬁ&, EEREREERERERERERER | & \\. /{ ! 0 m 2 "/ e %% / ///’/ N < B | ////// /////// ‘ e bt | L ey oS g //7//// . -/% 3 { % o 3 . - i //// 7 o L ), : A\ /////////7//;/’/ Ey v s b : //,' //, " oG . - X : : % %/% e v =. s ? //////4;,// TERMTORY \ . 2 : v 2 / or n ; .\ o /{/¢/ HiISSI9BY _ o e ‘ \\ 7 4 3 : ; e : : On April 13,v1808, James Mori:roe and 1 Robert R. Livingston signed in Paris July 4’ 1803 ; the treaty that transferred the Louis--1 > iana territory from France to the United Btates, for the sum of 810,000,000, This more than doubled the area of the original ‘32 colonies, and while it may not be correct to say that July 4, 1803, was really celebrated, for it- was some months before the peoplé knew of the transfer of sovereignty, yet its celebqun was permissible in a territory embracing 1,999,775, . of which 864,944 square miles were included in the Louisiana purchase. The population of this vast territory was at the time of purchase estimated at 50,100 whites, ». 3582 blacks, 10,390 mulattoes, total, exclusive of Indians, 100,260. The present ~ population of the same territory is 14,708,616. To the Louisiana purchase was added en October 27, 1810, a small stretch of territory east of the mouth of the Mississippl . which had been eclaimed by Spain as a portion of Florida. The people of this _te v ”“;’Q;n)ﬁﬁ Mississipp! and Alabama, declared their independence of s - m f er, 1810, and the following month it was added to the territory ~ of the United States by proelamatidon of President Monroe.

LIBERAL WITH THE LANDS. A Large Amount Has Been Granted %e Public Uses by thé State ol ¢ Washington, Afber’ fiearly 13 years of work Mwmner Calvert, of Washington, announces that of the 667,080 acres of land granted the state of Washington by the enabling act of 1889 all have been selected with the exception of 3,161 acres. These will be e e, reports 5t Sesdrancisco Chroflicle.

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The sentiment grew until it had stretched as a great blanket of American patriotism, from ocean to ocean. The trappers and gold seekers have carried it into the northern wilds of Alaska, where it flourishes with as much vigor as in old New England, in the tropical south, in the fertile prairie states of the middle west, or in sun-kissed California. And now it has extended beyond the bounds of the continent to the islands of the sea, and the roar of the cannon, the boom of the cracker, the whizz of the rocket that proclaim the birthday of American freedom, are to be found in the far-away Philippines, in:beautiful Hawaii, in little Guam and in patriotic Porto Rico. To-day Fourth of July is a sentiment that extends more than half way around the world; it follows the sun from its rising on the islands of the Atlantic to its setting on the islands clear across the broad Pacific. So long as the day remains upon the calendar of the year the sun pever sets upon it, and the boom of the c&cker is heard round the world. Vg When our illustrious forefathers affixed their names to the Declaration of Independence they were the representatives of less than. 4,000,000 people. The area included within the boundaries of the colonies which they declared ‘“free and independent states” was but 827,844 square miles. But their efforts and thoughts were not only for the time, but for posterity, and to-day the Fourth of July sentiment is known throughout a territory embracing -3,285,115 square miles, in which reside very close to 100,000,000 people. It is the expansion of this Fourth of July sentiment that has caused the nation to grow from the struggling colonies of 1776 to the world power of to-day. Aswe, as a nation, have grown in power, in prestige, in territorial area and population, so has the sentiment of Fourth of July grown and expanded until it has invaded and affected conditions in all continents. It is the expansion of this sentiment that has driven from the world the ancient fallacy of the divine rights of kings. It has instilled the love of political freedom into foreign peoples. Its power is not confined to the territorial limits of these United States. The series of maps printed herewith illustrate in a practical way the expension of the Fourth of July sentiment so far as it applies to our own country, and serve as a lesson in American history. WRIGHT A. PATTERSON.

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July 4, 1784.

The peace treaty between the United Colonies and Great Britain, signed at Paris, September 3, 1783, gave to the nation all the territory claimed by it, and included more than previously acknowledged to be in dispute by Great Britain. The boundary lines in the northwest were extended so as to include what is now the greater part of Wisconsin, all of ‘the upper peninsula of Michigan, and that part of Minnesota west of the Mississippi. In the south a long, narrow strip of territory was added to the southwest corner of Georgia. The exact amount of territory included within these concessions cannot be given, as the exact area of the colonles previouslyis not known, but in 1784, the territory in which July 4 was a holiday, amounted to 827,844 square miles. The exact population at this time is not known, but emigration had already set in toward the west, and the day was appropriately observed in a much wider territory than it had been in 1776. Hardy pioneers had carried it westward into the Ohio valley.

The granted lands are distributed as follows: State penal reformatory, eleemosynary and educational institutions, 200,000 acres; state capitol grant, 132,000; state mormal school, 100,000; agricultural college, 100,000, scientific agricultural college, 100,000; scientific schools, 900; state university, 4,580. These lands are exclusive of common school lands, which are sections 36-16 in every township in the state. Some of these sections have ‘been lost by inundation and other CREBER, . iotf o Fo o il e The government permits the state to

. K ‘ A "k 2 e : ,’ f ‘ T P b, ‘ fae.ﬂ- -% ] B : % LA - ' - s < ' onto. - - 000 §ue .| \ ? % oEL. ,%N w 3 ' n i s G ’ 4 ul. o 2 TEWN. . k TER. OF ARRANSAY v—-r v ‘ wiss. | Au» It was on February 22, 1819, that the — treaty transrerrlng e Wik Spain July 4’ 1819. to the United States, was signed in ! Washington, the consideration being the payment by the Urited States of claims held by Americans against the Spanish government for spoilation to the amount of $5,000,000. The transfer was hailed with joy by a large number of people living in the territory at that time, and it is recorded that July 4 of that year was quite generally celebrated in the different settlements, though it was not until early in 1821 that the treaty of transfer was ratified by Spain, and the actual transfer to this country took place. The purchase of Florica added 59,368 square miles to the territory in which the natal day of the United States was celebrated, making the total extent of territory at that time 2,039,043, and the total population at that time 9,633,822. . This ended Spanish rule on the North American continent, as at the same time that they relinquished Florida to us they also waived whatever claims they may have had to territory in the northwest, leaving the future settlement of that boundary difficulty between England and the United States. = N N Sl ‘ '\\ N = X & ‘ ﬁ‘ Ir-'-\‘ ir"\‘ !r-\‘ t\"‘\‘ !r"é L—é !r-\‘ Er‘«: Er-\‘ Er"\‘ ig Ef"'\‘ i?"'\‘ E\""\‘ E\"‘\‘ L‘;‘ s§}'*~\.\\_ A /// : E .".‘ - "\’\\\ ; " A 3 on \ A 2 Ve : ‘e\ “\ ”,o \\ ,‘o,b i k‘(n\ 5 kY B 2 v 5. "’o \ o \42‘% ncH " v)\ . } L y 5 1 % \Eed L : ( g C > > 3 : A " ﬁ)l ¢ °. \ 3 !up b owd 'L»V"‘:if'\. : , ‘A ,:-—-—\(\ WL oy : ,JJ ("-‘ on . s N \ el ;;.? p p 4 . 00l A N ‘ i ZZ//V/ \ EMo 7‘),\. “J{‘: "‘/. > L ‘//ﬁ SIW'QV-J:‘_":- / . . ' 3 Z D ¢ ik ey - ’......f wss i aa ‘\ o 3 4 s : / Lobead ' <~ U » G 7 , LA 7 A . J I 1 5 In reality it was not until July 4, 84 1846, that Texas celebrated its first uly 4’ : Fourth of July as a part of the Amero ican union, though on the date given it celebrated the date, if not in sentiment, effectively by approving the proposition for annexation to the United States as passed by the law-making bodies at Washington in March of the same year. This proposition, as approved by the Texas convention, was again acted upon by congress on December 29, 1845, when Texas was admitted as a state in the American union. The annexation of Texas added 371,063 square miles to the total territory in which the Fourth of July wag celebrateB, and in Texas it was celebrated with as much fervor as in New England, for the large majority of the people were former citizens of the states. Of this territory there was later ceded back to the union 96,707 square miles, for which the national government paid the state $16,000,000. Out of this territory was later constructed portions of the states of Kansas, Colorado and New ‘Mexico. . P> Z / A > 74 %/H/ < ! i ‘ “'i.:‘ 5 Z \ g : 0o < ) 4 v /1‘ \ (\\ms’ ‘ ~( ":‘Xs A % nIcK 2 //4 5 = = [N\ A‘—/ z ' 009 = muA}y\ v -'T o= oa és A asty : : .22a ! % Y e jwe | owo !)-';.V--aﬁ e \ \S )\“é \‘ - A { \rflv‘\ !40 R ."'“ i : i Lo : .'"—‘—.-“,;-I:r:uu ’4.—- '—\“ % > T i N > : %ARK. ,r") ‘r\sc, Vi, ! ! i : TEAAS 1“'“: wiss AR % . el \ LY (r FLA. Jul 1 It can scarcely be said that this was u the first date upon which that great Y 4’ 846' stretch of territory known as the Oregon territory knew the Fourth of July. John Jacob Astor had planted the American flag at Astoria, on the Columbia river, as early as 1811, but England had captured the place and laid claim to the country. After the exercise of considerable diplomacy both nations agreed to a joint occupancy until June 15, 1846, when a new treaty was ratified, fixing the boundary at the straits of Fuca and the forty-ninth parallel, and the territory became wholly American, and the Fourth of July a fixed institution within its boundaries. BEEEEEREEERREEERERERERRR 3

. This map really illustrates Fourth of July territory since the signing of the peace treaty in Paris between the Unitec States and Spain on December 10, 1898. That treaty gave us Porto Rico, Guam and the Philippines, we paying for the latter the sum of $20,000,000. Of these new pOSSESsions the Philippines contain about 115,300 square miles; Porto Rico, 3,600 square miles, and Guam 200 square miles. The population of the Philippines is estimated at about 10,000,000; Porto Rico, 953,243, and Guam, 9,000. The island territory secured from Spain as a result of the war of 1898 does not, however, include all the recently acquired islands shown in the map. Hawalii came to us by annexation upon request of the fsland government, July 7, 1898, when President McKinley signed the annexation bill as passed by both houses of congréss. This extended the Fourth of July limits over 6,740 square miles of territory, in which reside 154,000 people. The little islands of Tutuilla, Manua and Anu, constituting another of our new island colonles far out in the DPacificc were acquired ' December 2, 1899, when a treaty was signed in Washington between the United States and Germany providing for the partition of Samoa. This added 79 square miles to.our territory, with a population of about 4,000. Wake island, the other United States possession shown in the map, is but a small and barren rock, which was seized by the United States in 1898 to be. used as a cable landing place, should this government ever require it for that purpose. TUpon it the boom of the eracker has, as yet, never been heard. In much of this new territory Fourth of July will reign supreme in this year 1902.

select indemnity lands for those lost, and of this class the state has about 200,000 acres to select. Owing to the scarcity of remaining government lands it is doubtful if the state can recover a very large portion of the school lands thus lost. N : Y Insult to Injury, - “Such an outrage!” exclaimed the anarchist, “when they took me to court I was handecuffed to a thief.” “Yes,” replied the warden, “and the poor thief got five years besides.”— Philadelphia Press. :

COREA AND ELECTRICITY. I'he Deadly “Live Wire” Known in That Country as a “Thunder | and Lightning String.” Near the center of the city of Seoul there is a beautiful marble pagoda that was brought from Peking about 1300 by one of the Mongol queens who came as a bride to Corea. Her people at that time were shaking the whole known world, and, upder leaders like Genghis, Kublai and Tamerlane, were upsetting all the thrones of Asia, so

/] Whorran, . ' : A\ ) A S (:. . 3 V \ | " "REsoy % > f u) Le, \ = X /,Z/ 22, X i 2 mew. _‘/ s // _ 2 ";//./ 72 b = \\ A i/ = "r\ ¢ //5” 2 > c‘a(’ 1 lowa ¥ )WD z s=, : Nt . ey g '-.,/;//'///// i "\9 "«"_’-‘( w ma.\““’ Phaa i - £ 8 o Oy o 3 / // \-\\ P L o . / i 2 > g A z S — B al : = . /// : l:"' U wenw. T e 7 / 7 P oYY sc. 7 _ i) £ \‘ < TEXAS. } mss! ALA 6A 3 L ? i ?LLL._, i e / AA . By the cession by Mexico of all that ‘ll] great stretch of territory known in our J y 4’ 1848. history as the Mexican cession, and which came to us at the signing of the peace treaty on February 2, 1848, following the war with Mexico, the significance of the Fourth of July spread over a new area of 545,783 square miles, for which this government paid $15,000,000 besides the assumption by the government of claims against Mexico by American citizens amounting to $3,250,000. But in réality the privilege of scattering firecrackers over this wide area had cost us niuch more than this, for we paid for it the millions of treasure and thousands of lives that were sacrificed in the war with Mexico. The population at that time was 165,524 To-day the population of the same territory is about 2,200,000. : EREREREREEREEREEEREREREERER Ay > {4 0 € / Wag, SEORF v / - 2 -“’chTo : 2~ N 4 - J wE TERRIT: : q - ) ’"""‘(.nm 5 o \&l ol'Oß\' iyéf . -ﬂ; \ . O - v v W o on_ %, \munssan [\ms A { t“)’{ : (RS S~ % ™~ L - wien e Re ’! /‘(g{; 2 ‘M\\ ‘. - o“T _]37‘ TeRRiT, ‘7 ‘;},* IOWA / Trem e N A i X OV OF tran® ! % w| o -,°“‘°)L\" * S R \\\ t - ‘\ ; A ) DELS, IFORNIA ) w' X i Soick o ' : \ Tl | . A ,“) TERR vo, | I v TINN ; e - . % "“"'ﬁmco ,; ARK NB i : ; frexas, —l‘ N m— The Gadsden Purchase, so named beJuly 4’ 1854. tween the United States and Mexico that resulted in its becoming a part of the United States was negotiated by ‘Hon. James Gadsden, then United States minister to Mexico, was added to the area of this nation late in 1853, and it was not until 1854 that July 4 became one of its legal holidays. By this purchase the demonstrations of joy that mark each recurring natal day of the nation was extended over a territory of 45,535 square miles in extent, for which we paid to Mexico the sum of $10,000,000. : 3 ¥ ; . REREREREEREEEERERERERER ™= = SRS r—o = | : __ .//;/ ol z g . “’"\s }} -g) a- . .’/-f—b‘) 2 . S o ) U 2 ’ ) {\ 'g £ X 55 . v - i . t’;_,./z/\ . 2 ’/}’Bﬂ‘/; 3 ! "s/ 2 ﬁ ‘ Necona d ! \ ’ i \. -4(4 \"" OReg I 10A 4 bamr (-mun{‘ \{j 2 A Mo i ) NS “ v VE .7\-L.~~P : 'K..-__.\ weH //; '___.’-\.’L -s, 2 Ia ! ---L r\\-—\./\ OWA ‘S" e iV o, \ | . (‘_ e ,! B L ",.‘Lfnun"‘omd,\‘";‘- oty O o ] e T e sl ST YT N o f r---{ m'o; r""’-( AN ; 2 e:'“‘tzj'! L\., : nn(P"(‘ V\_ 8¢ o . mss | away @ . L ey - : 3 ; *"When on March 30, 1867, the treaty July 4’ 1867. ceding Alaska to us was signed, there was added to our territory the modest area of 577,390 square miles, for which it was going to be necessary to provide July 4 festivities. The cost of this vast stretch of territory, from which we have since taken enough gold to furnish us with Fourth of July celebrations for the next century, was $§7,200,000. =S= N = X

that Corea still speaks of them with bated breath, and the smallest children know them by name, says a writer in Outlook. The marble pagoda still stands, a silent witness before the world of the great Mongol conquerors, but past its stony ear whizzes an American electric car every ten minutes at ten miles an hour, regardless of all the Mongol shades. Along this main street of Seoul, one of the oldest streets in the world, stretch western wires charged with something that defies all the curiosity of the east to pronounce upon. A few daysagoa broken

strand hung temptingly from one of the poles, and the far east determined to get hold of it to investigate, with the result—one live wire, one dead man. A government notice was posted up: “If anyone is caught fooling with these thunder and lightning strings let him be padded.” A Stub in Point, Bill—Do you know it spoils a cigar to let it go out? ; ‘ Jill—Well, somebody must have let that one you’re smoking go out a good many times before you got it.—Yon-

7w F CLEVELAND IS HEARD Former Democratic “resident Urges Party Harmony. Scores the Party in Power and Laudxs the Standards of His Political Faith—Sees Opportunity for Democrats. A new era for'the democratic party was inaugurated at the Tilden cflub meeting in New York city, Thursday, June 19, when ex-President Grover Cleveland and former Gov. David B. Hill met and clasped hands. There was alarge number of members and visitors | present and enthusiasm ran high. Mr. | Cleveland made an earnest and impressive speecs, the substance of which is here given: = MR. CLEVELAND'S SPEECH. “I have been urged to participate in this occasion by those who have assured me that this handsome structure is to beydedicated to-night in the rehablilitation and consolidation of the demaocratic party, under | the inspiration of a name which during the days of democratic strength and achievement was honored in every democratic household. Such an assurance made to one who folowed with hearty devotion the lead- ] ership of Samuel J. Tilden when living, and who has since found in his career and fame | the highest incentive to democratic stead- | fastness, could hardly fail to overcome th’e‘} temptations of my contented retirement | from political activity. ; Agninst Feuds in the Party, J “I am here to take coursel with others professing the same party faith concerning | the democratic situation. I suppose we | all are convinced that this situation might ‘ be improved and some of us may thinkitis | perilously undermined. Whatever the measure of its impairment may be, our| condition as an organization cangot be improved by calling each other harsh names nor by inaugurating a system of arbitrary proscription and banishment. ) | ““The members of a business firm in financial embarrassment should not sitdown and | look«in each other's faces in mute despair; neither will they regain financial soundness’ nor the confidence of the business community by recrimination and quarrel; nor will any members of the firm aid in its restoration to solvent strength by an angry insistence upon a continuation of the business methods which have invited its em- - barrassment. “The democratic party is very far from political insolvency, but no one here should be offended by the suggestion that its capital and prospects have suffered serious injury since Mr. Tilden was elected president. Then and afterward northern democratie states were not rare curiosities, northern democratic senators, now practically extinct, were quite numerous and northerr.i democratic governors, now almost never seen, were frequently encountered. - Urges Returns to 01d Ideals, ‘ “If this state of impairment exists, an instant duty presses upon the managers of the democratic establishment; and one which they cannot evade with horor. Those of us less prominent in the party—the rank and file—are longing to be led through old democratic ways to the old democratic victories. We were never more ready to do enthusiastic battle than now, if we can only be marshaled outside the shadow of predestined defeat. | ‘‘ls it too much to ask our leaders to avoid paths that are known to lead to disaster? Is it too much to ask that proved errors be abandored and that we be delivered from a body of death and relieved from -the burden of issues which have been killed by the decrees of the American people? QOught we not to be fed upon somethirg better than the husks of defeat? ~ “If these questions are met in an honest, - manly fashion I believe it wiil be procductive of the best kind of democratic harmony. ~ Democracy to Guard All People. ““In dealing with new issues we of the democratic faith are extremely fortunate in the simplicity of democratic standards and the ease with which new questions can be measured by those standards. A party based upon care for the interests of all the people as the aggregate condition demands, with no unjust favoritism for any particular class; a party devoted to the form of popular government as our fathers ordained it and for the purposes which they sought to establish; a party whose conservatism opposes dangerous and un-American experiments and yet puts no barrier in the way of genuine and safe progress, ought to be able to deal with new quesitions in a manner quite consistent with democratic doctrine and stimulating tqdemocratic impulses and instincts. Scores the Party in Power. ““L.et us not forget, however, that it is not {n the search of new and gaudy issues nor in the interpretation of strange visions that a strong and healthy democracy displays its splendid power. Arnother party may thrive on the ever-shifting treatment of the ever-shifting moods of popular restlessness, or by an insincere play upon unreasoning prejudice and selfish antieipation, but the democratic party never. “Democracy has already in store the doetrines for which it fights its successful battles and it will have them in store as long as the people are kept from their own and just as long astheir rights and interests are sacrificed by favoritism in government care, by inequality in government burdens, by the encouragement of huge industrial aggregations that throttle individual enterprise, by the reckless waste of public money and by the greatest of all industries as it underlies nearly all others, a system of tariff taxation whose robbing exactions are far beyond the needs of economical and legitimate government expenditure, which purchases support by appeals to sordidress and. greed and which continually corrupts the public conscience. . ) ‘““What but infatuation with the visage of defeat can explain the insubordination of these things by democrats wanen they prepare for battle? Wants Platform Made Openly. “If we are to have a rehabilitation and realignment of our party in the sense suggested it is important that it be done openly and with no mystery or double meaning. Our people are too much on the alert toaccept political deliverances they do not understand; and the enthusiasm of the democratic rank and file does rot thrive on mystery. “The democratic harmony of which we hear so much cannot be effectively constructed by mathematical rule nor by a formal agreement on the part, of those who have been divided, that there shall be harmony. It grows up naturally when true democratic principles are plainly announced, when democratic purposes are honestly declared and when as a result of these confidence and enthusiasm stir the democratic blood. It was such harmony as this, growing out of such conditions with the battle cry of ‘Tilden and Reform’ gave us the democratic victory of 1876 against odds great enough to discourage any but a harmonious democracy and against an opposing force brazen and desperate enough to take from us by downright robbery what the voters of the land gave to us. Sees a Demoeratic Opportunity. “I believe the times point to another democratic opportunity as near at hand, but I belleve we shall reap the fruits of it only by rollowlnf the line of conduct I have indtcated. In any event, I have a comforting and abiding faith in the indestructability of the party which has so many times shown its right to live and its power for good, ard I am sure the reserve of patriotic democratic wisdom will at some tims declare itself in the rescue of our country and our party. f

——Mr. Havemeyer has truly said that “the protective tariff is the mother of trusts,” and behind nearly every increased cost may be seen a tariff schedule which prevents competition, and makes a monopoly possible, The ultimate cause of most of the in. creased cost of living under which the American consumer groans is the tarift system epacted by the republican party, for the benefit of a few spe-cially-privileged monopolies to the detriment of the many, and which tha} party refuses to alter, even to the slight ‘extenz of giving the people free meats.—Albany Argus. . S

ADOPT SPOONER AMENDMENT Senate Passes Bill Giving Preference to Panama Route—Synopsis of : Its Provisions, : Washington, June 20.—An isthmian canal, while not yet absolutely assured, is nearer to construction than it ever has been. The senate on Thursday by a majority of eight votes adopted the Spooner substitute for the Hepburn Nicaragua canalbill, the vote on the substitute being 42 to 34. After two amendments to the measure had been adopted, one providing for a commission to supervise the construction of the canal and the other providing for the issuance of $130,000,000 of two per cent. gold bonds to raise money with which to construct the waterway, it was passed by a vote of 67t06. It has been evident for several days that thie Spooner substitute,‘which in brief provides that the president shall select the Panama route if he can obtain & clear title to the Panama Canal comTL s Wt , e : ’O C K 4N i @gLONY /-'/ e &:‘; B} AlAajueia r ". Lake - \ - TA: " W 3 § ‘ ‘”""_': Aoyl omine Losks's anes) 1 - ) f";'::' ‘\\‘h, 1,.,.\,. s 4 = S N g Wi 0 ¢ L\ O Ira fares Loghe \ Lo e P ENAMA ,iX = N { }' Xox b ) M Paciric . & , oOCE &N e MAP OF PANAMA CANAL ROUTE. pany’s property, but otherwise he shall adopt the Nicaragua route, would command the votes of a majority of the senate. The Panama route was considered more desirable by the senate than the Nicaragua route. The only question left open is the title to the property, and that the president will determine, if the house should adopt the senate’s amendment to its bill. ) .- Senator Morgan (Ala.) closed the debate with an earnest appeal for the adoption of the Nicaragua route. He had been preceded by Senator Clark (Mont.) in support of the Nicaragua route, and Allison (la.) in support of the Spooner proposition. Only minor amendments, except those indicated, were adopted, all others being voted down. The Spooner amendment, as amended and adopted by the senate provides that the president, through the law officers of the government, shall determine if a clear title can be obtained of the Panama company’s property, rights and concessions. -If he shall be satisfied that such title can be obtained, he shall purchase the property, rights and concessions for $40,000,000. If, in his opinion, a clear title cannot be obtained, he shall proceed to construct an isthmian canal by the Niearagua route. The: bill further provides that a commission of seven shall be appointed by the president to supervise-the work and to make arrangements for all the details of it. It also provides that gold bonds in the sum of $130,000,000 bearing two per cent. interest shall be issued to raise money with which to construct the canal. COST OF THE WAR. Seeretary Root Sends Information Regarding Philippine Rebellion to Senate,. Washington, June 20. — Secretary Root on Thursday made answer to the senate resolution of April 17 calling for information as to the cost of the war in the Philippines. The secretary shows the total cost of the war to date, including outstapding obligations,”to be $170,326,386. He calls attention to the fact that large quantities of valuable property, such as ships, lighters, etc.,, horses and mules, wagons and harness, clothing equipage and ordnance, medical, signal and engineering supplies, the cost of which is included in the statement, still remain on hand in the Philippine islands for use. Parts of these supplies ‘are already being reshipped to this country. He says also that a large part of the expense during the past year should not properly be treated as occasioned by military operations)n the Philippine islands, for the reason that it consists of pay and maintenance of troops whom we would have to pay and maintain, whether they were in the Philippines or not, in order to keep up the minimum number of regular troops required by law as a safeguard against future contingencies. ‘ THEY TALK UNITY. Ex-President Cleveland and Ex-Sen-ator Hill Address the New York Tilden Club, New York, June 20.—Grover Cleveland and David B. Hill spoke at Tilden club opening Thursday and urged reuniting of the democratic party. The former declared new issues could be found in extravagant appropriations and high tariff. He made an earnest plea for democracy to desert the false gods it has been following; urged all real democrats to return to the old standards of the party, and declared that whether it was called “banishment” or “retirement,” he was done with politics forever, and would never again participate in the councilsof the party. There were cries of “No,” “No,” “No,” when the former president announced - his permanent retirement. Ex-Senator Hill, possible democratic nominee for president in 1904, followed his one-time foe, and after lauding him added to the plea for harmony. . old Comrades Meet, : St. Paul, June 21.—The old First Minnesota regiment, which was one of the first to respond to Lincoln’s call for volunteers, and which made the famous charge on the second day at Gettysburg, celebrated its forty-first anniversary Friday. One hundred and thirteen survivors participated. The | reunion was made possible by a gift of $l,OOO from J. J. Hill, president of the Great Northern railroad, and the entertainment of the veterans included | a luncheon at the Hill residence, which was presided over by Mrs. Hill. Died of His Imnjuries, - Madrid, June 20.—Gen. Molto, captain general of Madrid, died Thursday | from injuries sustained when he fell from his horse at a review of Spanish troops herwmmmng