Ligonier Banner., Volume 37, Number 6, Ligonier, Noble County, 8 May 1902 — Page 2

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Our Fight for the Philippines A Review of the Contest That Began in Manila Bay, ' May 1, 1898.

May 1 four years ago Admiral Dewey won his memorable victory in Manila bay that gave to this country a new island empire in the far east.

| Battle . el | Manila Bay

The enthusiasm with which the news of #hat victory was hailed in the United States has seldom, if ever, been equaled since the day that marked the close of the long civil war. So- great has been its effect upon ‘American poalicies that we can afford to pause for a moment to rehearse its important details.

The admirgl, then a commodore, was a man of action, and no sooner did he re«ceive the news that war had been declared than he sailed from Hong-Kong with his squadron, consisting of the Olympia, his flagship, Capt. Charles V. Gridley; the Raleigh, Capt. Joseph B. Coghlan; the Baltimore, Capt. Nehemiah M. Dyer; the Boston, Capt. Frank Wildes; the Monocacy, Commander Oscar W, Farenholt; the Concord, Commander Asa Walker, and the Petrel, Commander Edward -P. Wood, for Manila. :

The Spanish fleet was lying at Cavite in Manila bay when the intrepid American gailor entered to give battle. He was an unexpected guest, the Spaniards not being used to such energy as it took to put the American fleet into the Philippine harbor at so early a date. They had failed to prepare for his reception and he sailed past Corregidor island, containing what was supposedly impregnabie defenses, almost before the garrison- were aware of his presence in the vicinity. It was not until Photo. Copyright, 1901, by Clinedinst. ~ ;

e s L e s g : f-:..,::;:'f:;::'fi}:'.i,i:;:»?;f :‘;ﬁ\’ 23 e S e o B T s v :i:_..‘-.:{:;::;f':f::__f_-;5;55;.:.:5555;-;s;»_s@:l‘_-_f;;;i-f: ei) e " . ) = Ty & o e Rt e e BN - (. ,4:'>'€?"2é€’;:§:{::<§:¢:;’:s'}:;;{:}:Eﬁ:i:?:f",.;9?_:?ss:333-‘ R © IR T 4 ‘l:‘@? SRR RSR ST -S e BT T e R v amA R e Pl o f’«ﬁ ST AL A SRR PR S e Pl et e oo .;:5%:&?:33' SR RSR auc NSS SE S R N NRENENONERRAY, TLINE REG aßme SR SRRTEORAROT . W L T SN B <.§/ SRS BRI i R S S Rot st SSLEM AR S A 3:% sSR S . ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. The American Naval Commander at tha Battle of Manila Bay. -after his last ship was well past that they thought to give battle to the daring Yankees and then sent a few harmless shots safter them. Day had not yet broken when Cavite was reached, and Dewey quietly awaited its coming. When the sun rose in the east instead of immediately beginning the destruction of the Spanish ships that lay before him the daring sailorman preferred to play with his enemy, and so weighed anchor -and sailed up to the defenses of Manila with ~which he exchanged a few shots as a matter of international courtesy, then returned £o give more detailed attention to the Spanash fleet. -

It was carly even when he got back again to Cavite, so early that it was only 19 minxtes past six, when, with the Olympia 5,500 yards from the enemy’s ships, he uttered those historic words:

“When you are ready, Gridley, fire.” -~ Instantly the eight-inch guns of the good cruiser broke forth in smoke and flame, and began raining a shower of steel projectiles upon the Spanish ships. Gradually the American fleet drew closer. Submarine mines exploded in front of them, but they did not waver. The Spanish gunners answered the challenge of the Olympia’s guns with a shower of projectiles of equal size, but without doing any considerable damage. As the American boats got within closer range the smaller guns added their roar €o that of the larger ones, and the terrific fire was kept up until 7:35 when Dewey felt ‘that he had had enough for a beginner, and not wanting to spoil a good thing too soon, ‘quit for breakfast, and a pull at the pipe ‘or cigar. / . :

It was not until 10:50 that he again went at the Spaniards. He had. furnished sufficient sport for his sailormen, and now intended to finish the job in a hurry and put the enemy out of their misery without further loss of time, and before it could interfere with his dinner arrangements. The midday meal would be served aboard the flagship at one, and it was necessary 4hat' the job be completed and the muss .cleared up before that time. To accomplish _this every gun, big and little, that could ‘be brought into play, was used, and it was ‘but little more than an hour before all of the Spanish ships were either lying at the ‘bottom of the bay or destroyed, and at 12:30 a white flag run up over the Spanish batteries at Cavite proclaimed their suryender. » e .

. .As they do things on board an American man-of-war 30 minutes was ample time in which -to attend to the wants of the few slightly wounded and prepare dinner{o which Admiral Montojo was invited, but declined. . _ "~ The Spanish loss was 12 ships—their entire Asiatic squadron—and 618 men either killed or wounded. : : For that little morning’s work Admiral Dewey gave to the United States something like 125,000 square miles of territory, and secured for himself the thanks of the Amerdcan people and the rank of admiral in the American navy—and not an American

Dewey’s victory at Cavite, followed by the combined land and naval .fight that resulted in the surrender of Manila to Gen. Merritt and the

Our War in the Philippines

American forces on August 13, gave to this country new and _untried problems with which to deal. As in Cuba Spain had

= 7 NN %\,\" coud SOWET N o>y | . > ol 'ﬁ \‘ - 4/5//74 (ece=" G e ————— SRR ‘i'f"{!ﬂ :‘::';’i-';15~ |\ RS LA Ul A 1 e :W }&‘%"Q\ﬂ ) \“\ €s~ ‘‘ 3 4 K{x t 5 . : MAJ. WESLEY MERRITT. The First American Military Governor of the Philippines. . encountered for. almost a century almost continuous revolutions on the part of the natives, fighting for almost the same reasons that prompted the patriots of Cuba. The victories of May 1 and of August 13, 1898, relieved Spain of her vast colonial territories, but at the same time it transferred from her to the United States the rebellious subjects that had given her just troubles for a century. On the evening of February 4, 1899, at 8:30 o’clock was fired the first shot in the revolution of the Filipino soldiery against American occupation, a revolution that has continued to the present time, though is now, after almost two and a half years’ of fighting, seemingly near a close. - The Filipinos demanded absolute independence of the American people, and that this country refused to grant. That, in a concise way, may be accepted as the cause of the present rebellion in the Philippines. During the three days following the firing of the first shot the American troops drove the insurgents from the line of defenses they occupied outside Manila and secured possession of the suburbs of the city. During this three days of fighting 13,000 American troops were opposed to Aguinaldo’s army of 20,000 Filipinos. ’ : The battle of Pasig, on March 13, was the next important engagement between the two forces. It was early in March that the advance on the rebel capital at Malolos was begun. The first fight of this campaign was on March 26 at Malinta, and this was followed by the capture of Malolos on March

8 \ RE i J / i s‘: — ,"‘) 4 / ' ‘:Lf';- / s e 2 g > ’/ - % == =0 ] R P TN T i //,’"7// /i ‘l“'g'u’.‘.‘,',', AR j:'fl;:) _;v;',;‘x’.‘,:.» L "/4'/ s ////""o. ARy AT ) g 2 o'::'l, i //‘..;.:i}:‘ v','",,"',,,y(',_y\...‘;....":" /. 7 {by/ e z‘ﬁ%ﬁ'ﬁ’;f‘ﬁﬂ’«/&’ijﬁ S 3 _l?’/,':,"gl / RARL '.M\ o O A T 8 SINN N D A TR (AARY) LR SN RS "-":‘46":“"\’}&"‘5“? s // / ) h‘\”‘ " 3 \.‘\xﬁ\. 1 o) INk MAJ.-GEN. ARTHUR McARTHUR. Second American Military Governor of the Philippines. oy

31, but Aguinaldo had moved his government to San Fernando, and upon his departure fired the government buildings. The victory was a signal one, however, as it resulted in the capture of subsistence stores valued at one and a half million dollars.

The American troops continued to push northward toward the new rebel capital rapidly, and on April 10 was fought the battle of Santa Cruz, which place was captured on April 25, and on May 5 San Fernando fell into the hands of the American troops. The capture of this place practically closed the campaign to the north of Manila until the close of the rainy season. Gen. Lawton’s eommand returned to Gen. MacArthur’s lines on May 24 after having marched a distance of 120 miles, fought 22 engagements, taken 28 towns, captured and destroyed 300,000 bushels of rice, and with a loss of only 6 killed and 35 wounded. i i

But the intrepid officer, who was later to lose his life in the conflict, was not allowed to rest his troops. He was assigned to command an ‘expedition against Gen. Pio del Pilar, who was operating around the shores of Laguna de Bay, and from the third -of June to the thirteenth of the same month succeeded in driving the insurgents not only from the shores of this body of water, but from around the shores of Manila bay as well, and soon after had driven the enemy from every stronghold in Cavite province. e

Gen. MacArthur opened the second campaign to the north of Manila on August 9, when he moved against Angeles. Baeolor was first captured, and on August 16 the army arrived before the intrenchments at ‘Angeles. The place was captured with a loss of but two killed and 12 wounded. During the same time Gen, Young had taken the towns of San Mateo, Balcuag and Quingua. : g While American troops had been fighting the insurgents in Luzon the rebellion bad spread to other dslands and insurgent

garrisons had been established in Panay. Leyte, Cebu, Negros, Samaf and other isJands. Gen. Miller had captured Iloilo on February 11; Bacolod, in Negros, was taken by Col. Smith, and on February 21 Cebu was taken by Capt. Cornwall, of the Petrel. On August 24Gen. Bates returned to Manila from the Sulu group and announced the signing of an agreement with the sultan extending American authority, over the entire group. ;

- Campaign followed campaign rapidly, but there was little severe fighting for the American troops. On October 2, 1899, came the first overtures for peace on the part of the insurgents, but the attempt was looked upon by American officers merely as ‘an effort to gain some recognition of the Filipino government and was futile of any result. .

On November 1 a movement was begun against Tarlaec, then the insurgent capital. Mabalacat was the first place captured. and on the following day, November 9. San Fabian fell into American hands, and

: S \\\\\M SRR S/, i 3 / o e W . | ) . B 7 . =2 LU, §\\\:\\ R ' ¢,,-:-;-$ A A B B’:};\ S il i WO e N IRO NN 27 B 0 ~~ ;, /s ’d’&‘o : ! AN GEN. A. R. CHAFFEE. - Present American Military Commander in the Philippines. Tarlac was captured on November 12, but Aguinaldo and his government had moved. The following day the insurgents were attacked at San Jacinto, the place being captured, but not until it had cost the life of Maj. John A. Logan. The fighting continued with but small loss to the Americans until Dagupan, the northern terminus of the railroad running from Manila, was reached on November 20. Four days later President Bautista, of the Filipino congress, surrendered himself to Gen. MacArthur and Gen. Otis telegraphed the war department at Washington that “the insurgent government could no longer claim an existence.” At that time the insurgent treasurer, secretary of the interior and president of its congress were in American hands. : - The American troops pushed steadily northward, and on December 5 Gen. Young’s command arrived at Vigan, near the northwest extremity of Luzon. In order to follow the rapidly dispersing enemy Gen. Young divided his force into smaller bodies of troops and dispatched them in different directions for the purpose of capturing Gen. Tino and Gen. Del Pilar, and on December 11 Gen. Tirona surrendered the whole of the district to the Americap forces, Capt. McCalla, of the navy, accepting the surrender. During the middle of December two notable events occurred. The first, on De-

: S = SN Wy =\ . y N Y/ &\\ v % \;\‘\R %/ %e, + N Se . ‘ . Y=P . \\ .' U.. - N (A AR -~ ':‘a‘u&?é’,c‘,"-\‘? P 2\ «,/’/‘/’, ;)’ll’/’l’;"ﬂ; g "”,/{’// %’: N "//,'l’///'»{:lé”/‘/:”{:’l,/i »‘.ﬂ;"» ;_*\‘ 3 Z% A ) ;ﬁ"ﬂ”%l/ g - A —= Wi R /& 7/ N i/ HON. WILLIAM H. TAFT. First American Civil Governor in the Philippines. cember 18, was the rescue of Lieut. Gik more, of the navy, and his men, who had been captured near Baler, April 12, and the other was the death of Gen. Lawton, killed during the fight at San Mateo on December 19.

By the opening of the year 1900 the insurgent opposition had dwindled to but little more than a force of scattered bandits, and guerilla warfare was the rule. The northern portion of the island had been pretty generally cleared, and Gens. Schwan and Wheaton began a campaigp against the insurgent forces in the south, and Gens. Bates and Bell headed an expedition which left Manila February 16 to drive the enemy from the Camarines. Both of these expeditions encountered considerable opposition from small bodies of insurgent troops, but were in the end successful in accomplishing the objects for which they were organized with but small loss of life. :

. The details of the campaigns of 1901 and of the present year are so fresh in the public mind that a rehearsal of their details 1s unnecessary. Of last year the two most ‘important occurrences were the capture of Aguinaldo by Gen. Funston on March 23 and the establishment of civil government in the islands by the Taft commission op July 4. There has been considerable fighting since that time. The campaign in Samar, with its attendant horrors, will probably not soon be forgotten, either by the participants or the American public, and now promises to resulf in 'a number of

25332 TR L *\\\E\ g 77 SN g 7. '; R 4 N / /rﬂ N A i 7 O : Al \J T M‘k\\\ ey e - ~v .'«,,v v :-_-:_‘-;.?:%::’:.;}: ; : il i 00l 3 := - Z S ‘ \w\\“\\\\\ N a === ; /‘\\\‘:\“:\\\\\l\\‘\\\\\&\\h e N AR AR s, {‘\‘\\‘\\\‘\‘\\\\‘\‘3‘{«\ R AN \‘.‘\\‘\\\‘\\‘ MRS \\Q‘\{\\\\.\'\\y\;:ﬂ\{\(‘.\rﬁt- RS \ . - LT L N\ RO RN o \\\\“}\\\\\\’ MAJ.-GEN. HENRY W. LAWTON. Killed Dec. 19, 1899, .While Leading Attack 5 at Ban Mateo, Luzon. : court-mgartials for different army officers. The recent surrender of Gen. Malvar has seemingly virtually ended: the: organjzed opposition to- American rule, and’ the officials at Manila are in hopes of an eafly and permanent peace. ¢ ~ Mountains of Mindanap. Mindanao Island is mere or less effected by volcanic nrountains, Its mountaing are among the highest in the archipelago, one peak, Apo, rising to a ‘heigit«‘of 10,312 feet. This is a volcanic mountain/’ Malindang rises to a heighth of 8560 feet, and numerous others vary in heighth from 8,000 feet down to 3,000 feet, : :

Speaking of Philippine resources Hon. John Barrett, formerly United States minister to Siam, and an authority on all the far eastern countries,

Resources. of the Philippines

says “a richer isolated land or group of islands, viewed comparatively as to area and population, variety of agriculture, mineral and forest resources undeveloped, in addition to those already improved, cannot be pointed out on the map of the world.” That paragraph gives in a general way the wonderful resources of the Philippines. The soil of the islands is of phenominal ferFility, buti its capacities have been most imperfectly developed, neither the natives or the Spaniards seemingly never thinking of the future. When even improperly cultivated as it has been it produces bountiful crops of tropical staples, such as sugar, tobacco, rice, cocoa, gums of various kinds, arrowroot, indigo, cotton, pepper, cochineal, betelroot, areca nut, cocoanuts. cocoanut oil and the Manila hemp so well known to commerce. Of this product between 600,000 and 700,000 bales are exported annually, of which practically’ one-half comes to the United States. The annual value of the hemp crop exported is about $7,000,000. : The mineral resources of the islands are as yet almost an unknown quantity. Gold, copper and coal are all found, but as yet in limited quantities. Native legends are authority for the tales of fabulously rich gold mines, but these have never «been found. Itis said thatgold formed the chief product of Luzon as far back as the third century, and to-day it is mined in several sections of the island. Paracale is the center of the gold mining industry, and is a village that is but little known of to the majority of the people of the islands excepting the Chinese traders who purchase the product of the mines and dispose of it secretly in Hong-Kong or Amoy. It is so far removed. from the centers of _population that even the Spanish officials, ever looking for something to tax, failed to seriously disturb it. Cebu, M'ndora, Panaon and Mindanao are all said to be rich in gold deposits. ’ Luzon produces some copper, but the mines, all of which are worked by natives, are not of sufficient value to warrant development on a large scale, and the industry will probably continue a primitive one. There are comparatively few coal deposits known in the islands. Cebu has a limited coal belt of rather inferior quality, and another coal field of some magnitude and eof better quality is ‘located in the island of Masbate, not far from the coast. This latter field has been worked to some extent by a local steamship owner who secured fuel for his ships from this field so long as the native laborers could secure it by the use of crowbars only. When the vein ran beneath the ground, so that tunneling was necessary, the field was abandoned. Practically all the coal found in the islands. however, is not true coal but lignite, but experts claim there is no reason why the better mineral should not be found in paying quantities. 2

The Philippine group contains approximately 125,000 square miles of land area, and numbers about 2,000 different

Area of the Philippines

islands. Of the islands Mindanao is the largest with 46,521 square miles, and Luzon second with 42,000 square miles. Kither of these are larger than Ireland. Among the others of the larger.islands are Mindoro, Panay, Samar, Masbate, Negros, Cebu, Leyte, Bohol and Palauan. These vary considerably in size, averaging from 6,000 square miles down to les§ than 3,000. Of the more than 2,000 islands there are only some 600 that are inhabited, or are large enough to support a population of any size, the majority of the others being but mere rocks or reefs. Island of Mindanao, Mindanao Island, from -which comes our Jatest troubles in the Philippines, promises to become a veritable paradise for fortune hunters along various lines. Its soil is probably more fertile than that of any of the other islands, and its streams and mountains are said to abound in liberal quantities of gold and other minerals. It is inhabited by the Moro tribes, all of whom are Mohammedans. Spain never succeeded in establishing anything like a staple government in the island. School System Established. A department of public instruction for the Philippines was established at Manila on January 21, 1901, and rapid progress was made during the year in the organization of free public schools. Some 500 teachers were sent to the islands from the United States. English was made the official language of the schools. Climate of the Philippines. A weather record kept in Manila between the years 1883-98 shows that the temperature never went beyond the 100-degree point and never fell below 60. The annual mean tem;{erature is given as about 80 degrees.

; | Balintang Channel & il 2, g Bty ¥ i " l.wukaﬂ 18 Dy, T wpers . gren Trontn %%, %3“9%#‘”" e c Fagrey T C. Hofeador ”ﬁ.a-\‘."‘ﬁ wi L e g e, - T H s w nfTER ) ).l. 8 'ﬂ“”'m Amnl La i o PD(‘G 1407 :‘:'." 3 B “ ‘-ng’"s‘::\ i "::\ Solwfe Q© fuuttssan BRL Dinclonien Aoy Pren® Jiiei 4 j‘un rag, ‘ © JDisinisa Pr. ‘c IS PR (CBulinhasgy il 2 YOO N[ e > © 39% ? 0 2 y B Aok sull). © ”-‘ C. 5. Itdefonso ' i “"’"““‘01 glivgdyen o & Encanto & Bermana © ﬁ"vm ~ o {Dibut B. : . Neangtof| WIS, PO S Dicapinuen P 4 | & M::u MA:‘!:“ Mr,, { ,w‘::ush 8 IW T '\ﬁf g"’:‘;ﬁl v o o 7onkiy WA Sras og | connehiboß 1D 'u MI NS b\g ;&*‘b“‘e';’ fffs:l"w“’\v Y))‘ : Q Verde I, 0:::. ;: i 1"" g “gocnmumzu. ’ 00, ”“%,,7?;:,; 5 . s Nah 22 | ueot e — k/e""%'cc i BV € 1 "zﬂﬂ , G7OO o% KsTino . 4’oo"* % ...A)(‘- fasah c. G, 2 'c'-‘)‘.’v"‘ a'a HNorey, Ol B S O pPid Re G ibaxd "’Vf\'y’w il o S S LG teny 34 if dsigaint NS PSSt Ry > o Dongo @ Simara Lauriag 1. S Vo] <Py Q".C” 0" ‘9(» & (‘5 “I“ -‘MM ¥ b Q 5,0 ’:’ "j O'.‘po’.v* _mln fiinge G, .j . 1;,. - f’ﬁ”"‘% NAD oDb Glpat W«P\ CALAMIANES 18LANDS § 1’“.%@“"#&? : ' ORRg Pasiy 1. v g / é ) S : nin (oA SR SNN - 2Ye © Manignin L B»/ A », R e lagd:;-"?:g T eM BN RN AX P Airie gl T e S Bome Jo. e, vo‘n."l'm ) TEN ’w\ ,“ ‘.f“r:-‘ Sa t‘ 627 -\ ‘ : s ﬁ"‘.‘ & = . |:‘—;‘;." 5 Q&a ‘5, ;o : Q s R TS P o e R T il 8T ba delE b @ (BT YR WO RbLN. P aitios .’"‘” gm Das )w{*,' 3 f;‘.' "fﬂi P : euts .57 S5O ; oer L. o D, sl‘ ' i > L e TN , e R Danjvgan L { RERBERT (17 2R oM TRk LA { e Pri Oagoyanes In. Q. 'c.-',---u k',% b . = PA'I'.‘A.IAII. Caluea L 2 ’ﬁnﬂl k‘t [0 \:t“ A g # (PARAGUA) ™ L‘HS;'& R, . Comaum . -" o o . i 74" * oty 1.0 W.ﬁrm oQY lx "“”e" ‘ b ‘o ATwb Batere [ K D R .nl. ° ole Dapiida ? ‘zg li ‘ ‘. g v ¢ 8 E A neipduNastak N : : Bindangan B. J&‘ i 1 ',,_ A m p 3 -".M .L g % (T E oo’ 140 BN ks /l""' A A )- fo N (LT o e ] Ny : ~.,,“}, ot 1:;_ ()28 ' : o : Rany,, 34 §OV R R Y TP\R Rcarape " M-a,,# ge' © /’J’ A‘{\ bR ﬁt 2 k 18 Sy f " Lewo BEPOL J: q ?"" ™ % o “D-O ﬁ‘gﬁ:.'c o - A Davas. s “Pujods B. Bl P Lkl b | ey R [ eR A ST ¥ R G s b o ol 0 N Oued o aiblael Ty © s ot 1Y orangoni L < *Feimask i)RI s 800 y Pusscge s : G5O SamAnGAR) 18, 8 s - o “ii & : i ' : h ~ MAP OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ; e

Spain must credit Magellan = with her possession of the Philippines. That bold explorersailed around Cape Horn, crossed the Pacific and landed

Some Philippine History

en the island of Cebu in 1521, where he attempted to take possession in the name of Spain, but was killed in a skirmish with the natives. The ships of Magellan returned to Spain and his companions aroused an interest in the wonderful lands they had discovered, but it was not until 1565 that another attempt was made to subdue the natives and gain a foothold in the islands. At this later date a Spanish fleet sailing from Mexico punished the natives for the killing of Magellan, and formally teok possession of the entire group in the name of the Spanish sovereign. Five years later the city of Manila was founded, and the different native chiefs in Luzon took the oath of allegiance to Spain. Chinese pirates, who had virtually been the ‘rulers of the islands fer many years previous to the Spanish occupation, gave the new rulers much trouble, and disputed with them the sovereignty. Two serious attempts were made by these pirates te drive the Spanish from the islands, bu} both resulted disastrously to them, and ir time they learned that the hated European. were too powerful for them. = In 1606 the Dutch attempted to wrest the control of the islands from Spain, but were unsuccessful, loosing their fleet in the project. In 1762 Manila was captured by England. That country intended to hold the city, and would probably have added the whole of the archipelago to the British empire had not political combinations in Europe prevented. As it was Manila was again surrendered to Spain upon a promise to pay a ransom amounting to $5,000,000. It is a debt that England has never been able to collect.

Throughout the present century rebellions on the part of the natives have been frequent. The first -serious one began in 1822, which continued for some months before it was suppressed by the Spanish troops. Another came in 1841, lasting through the following year. The next one of any consequence was that of 1872, and this was followed by the one of 1896-97. which resulted in the banishment of Aguinaldo and his followers to Hong-Kong.

The “little governor”’ was the foundation of the Spanish system of government in the Philippines. He represented the lowest rung of the of-

Spain’s Method of Government

ficial ladder, and ruled in the parish. He was an official of but little power, with but small opportunity for “graft,”” and whose greatest perquisite consisted in the wearing of the official hat, a stiff, musbh-room-shaped affair, liberally eovered with il 1l n ,41 mHﬂ m& T ] G i aVs i { | ‘ ymé‘mm? Y I l. L 7A> \A ' ! ‘l'(h | i el i Lol A \ | FLAG OF THE FILIPINOS. Upper Stripe Red, Lower Blue, Sun and Stars Yeliow cn White Ground. ornaments of silver bullion. Of far more influence were the priests, an influence that was much more often exercised for good than for bad, and many evidences of their rule are to be found throughout the islands in the shape of roads and bridges. To be sure the natives were taxed for far more of these conveniences than weére built, but it is a question if any would have been built had it not been for the priests. The real government of the islands lay in the hands of the governor-general, a crown appointee. He was assisted by a council of state. The minister of the colonies at Madrid was the direct head of the government, as he was of all the Spanish colonieés, but he was assisted by an advisory council for the Philippines, residing in Madrid, and to this council was specially intrusted the interests of the Philippines. The islands could never be properly termed a Spanish colony. They were held only as a military possession. To extort money from the people, under the various forms of taxation that cunning and rapacity had devised, was the sole purpose of Spain and the business and object of the governmental officers that were maintained there. How much these extortions amounted to will never be known outside of Spanish official circles, but there were but few Spanish officials sent to the islands who did not return to Spain with a competence. the greater part of which was the result of various forms of bribery and official dishonesty. . : He—“ This new table-tennis fad gives me a yain.” She—*“Sort of ping-pong pang, eh ?”’—Outing. : .

Fashions in Lingerie That Are Seasonable Dainty Undergarménts,‘l’hat Hre in Keeping With -the Rule of the Summer’s Extravagance.

e MBROIDERIES and lace of e N the finest qualities and in '7~ great quantities are the [ &"’ feature of the seasonable *\—— lingerie, every garment of B which shows as great a tendency to that lavish extravagance that is now so notable in gowns, and coats and hats. That one short paragraph might tell all there is to tell of the’story of lingerie. With that for a foundation any woman would know quite well what it meant to replenish her wardrobe so far as the dainty undergarments are concerned. She would know that it meant a heavy expenditure. Butletus go more into details. Let us consider the embroideries first. A great part of this is done by hand on fine chiffon batiste, and of course makes a most irresistible display for any woman to look at. But who. would blame them. Rather it is to their credit that they should be pleased with dainty and delicate undergarments than that they should be willing to put all their clothing allowance into outside garments merely for the sake of show. Itisnot possible to describe these embroideries, because they are so varied that whole volumes might be written of them. There is one variety that is especial1y popular for the new form of chemise.

R ASSN XN\ < Oy RER iB I NKL J W "‘;, B 3 i ) | \ BN\ ) o< N . = %y N W (AN TAL \ R 5 P/ L 5 YX% q‘t‘\ir?:ﬁ‘o /, 7 . P - “ - A B (o 5 ) —,%,»w ) 26’ A\ 1': A X \\\‘ .@‘&"VA‘{Q/ /& 0, RQA s J & W 280 3 2\ It is but a narrow hem of colored batiste joined to a white batiste with a tiny beading, and both embroidered in a dainty pattern in white. For the chemise it is used in a seant frill. The chemise on which thisis used with such good effect has but a small resemblance to the old article of like name and of former days. As now wornit is shaped to suit the fashionable outline and has no extra fullness. You may call it princess or empire in shape, but it has no gathersatall. It is trimmed around the hem as well as at the neck, and worn over the corset to combine the needs of a corset cover and under petticoat. Fit and fineness are the first qualities to be considered, the trimming being third in importance. A real princess model in this garment fits the figure closely, buttons

D \ \;‘:"'-_" 2 "‘;) . ,‘; % //( 5 \ L & ;:\"7 i ;Y . ‘\ ‘*ﬁ ‘/4‘,&\' RIS Vi N A === 5% 1= ) [ \> ‘W /é Ot (S )Y S 0 / A k} g . Tl %a‘ @\ | 7 1 Q (P i@ down the front and is trimimed with lace insertion set in vertical lines all around the bodice portion, which is finished with a narrow lace edge. Insertion and tucks with a lace-edged frill trim the hem. . : It is as trimmings for the petticoats

PRETENDED DEAFNESS. The Courageous Ruse of a Connecti- " cut Woman Balks the Plan of a Thievish Tramp, Middletown, Conn., is proud of the way in which an old woman who lives on the outskirts of the city recently tri¢ked a tramp bent on robbery. Her family, reports the New York Tribune, consisting of a “daughter and the housekeeper, who in old-fash-ioned Connecticut is only a little lower socially than a relative, had left her in order to attend a musical in the church. About ten o’clock in the evening a ring was given to the door bell that almost pulled off the knob. The old woman bustled to the entry, wondering what neighbor had fared forth so far and so late.’ She half opened the door and put out her head. But she was suddenly pushed

that the laces are most in vogue. Cluny, Maltese, Valenciennes and Bruges are the ones most greatly favored, and of these; the last is even more popular than the others. In colors the fashionable champaign tint is by far the leader. The fear of laundry bills has in the past been a bar to the general popularI - : N -4 : \\ ‘ “"; Ll s ) {at y / j A %‘H “ ) ~REEIRN ) g 127 { l"l" / ; { /L 4 o ’ A\ ;§ | » l "'1 : | | | ”’" o (A ‘ g oly ; AL, &5, af‘é 3»// v 'i.!l' if ..' ) ,\a; ]/ / | > f i 1 Bl el 5 : W'. (‘ A g ity of the white underskirt for general use, but now laundry bills are considered but a feature-of the reckless extravagance which is ruling our fashions, and so it is to be a season of white skirts. . They will far outnumber the silk petticoats of previous years, and it is on these that the dainty laces will be seen.

There are slip petticoats made to wear under the gowns, cut with less seams than other skirts and trimmed with reference to the gown worn over it. Lovely petticoats are made of China silk, and pongee, and colored linens, the last trimmed with embroidery and linen. lace, while the other two are varied by ruffles and plaitings. The new model night gowns are cut on much the same lines as the new chemise. In fact, it resembtles the lat--ter garment very much save that it is cut full length. It has low neck and short sleeves, and is not open either down the front or at the side. These garments are trimmed in heavy embroideries on Swiss and nainsook, and show graceful designs in large blosP ;7\'l‘ & “1/,{" i TS = W Nefges g 2 % & 5 T; 9 A ¥ 24\ Bl 4 54\ /& jﬁ%ﬁ 6léﬁ "A‘ :’l'l‘~' "-‘ I.‘ 2 1@ 4;}’ °§ \ﬁ 4‘“ !h: -"nco,g i-" i : LR E K\“ B A NSNS A _ % : 1 1A P D 2a AX S g 2 - . l‘ 1 5»,. 4 \“/ P TR 3 Mol pﬁw‘ LS N ) B O\ % /| Q{*?.F%J (J& VR ‘;}‘S b 520 &L N soms, of which the wistariais one sam= ple. Corset covers are changed to some extent, and some are decidedly closefitting. One of the most fashionable close-fitting models is tucked with pin tucks in vertical lines an inch apart all around, the edges being finished with hand embroidery. These are especially good styles for the new gowns, as they are cut with the point in front, but the dainty little straight covers made of lace and beading and finished with a belt throﬁgh which ribbon is rua are so fine and soft that they have no effect on the bodice atall. _ : The seamless corset cover with a circular frill below the belt is very generally worn, and another pretty novelty is made of three embroidered handkerchiefs, caught tOgeth_er under the arms and tied over the shoulder with ribbons, a few tiny tucks bringing it in at the waist line. . This little discussion, given in a general way, and the illustrations should give a fair idea of the season’s extravagance in lingerie, an extravagance which the sensible woman of small ‘means will avoid and yet closely imitate by the use of equally dainty, though less costly materials. S . - ELLEN OSMONDE. |

back with the door, and a man entered, who proceeded to state his wants in a clear cut fashion. He knew she was alone, Ae said, and he must accordingly ask her to make a collection of money and jewelry for his benefit. Promptness and thoroughness on her 'part, he added, would mean courteous tréatment on his. While he was stating his case she had put her hand to her ear as if deaf, and when he finished asked in ‘a gentle voice. *““Want to see John, do ‘you? Well, he's right upstairs: 'l run up and ask him to come down.” But the visitor then remembered that he had a pressing engagement elsewhere. : Life a Vaeation. - Hicks—My wife has such a cold éthat she can't speak aloud. - - Wicks—Congtatulate you, old man{ popr sok P T ‘ 15.'{ g