Ligonier Banner., Volume 29, Number 1, Ligonier, Noble County, 12 April 1894 — Page 2

IT MUST STAND. Judge Jenkins Refuses to Change His Famcus Decision. It Is Modified in a Minor Particular, But . Ue Remains Firm Regarding Its . Main Features—Strikes Are i Bitterly Condemned. . SYNOPSIS OF THE DECISION. . MILWAUKEE, April 9.—lf labor organizations achieved a victory in timaha Thursday at the hands of Judge Caldwell they were given a black eye by Judge Jenkins Friday when he decided the motion to amend his sstrike order and sustained his original order in every particular exeept that he strucle out the clause shich reads: “And from ordering, recommending, approving and advising others -to = quit the service. - of the receivers of ‘the Northern Pacific January 1, 1894, or any other time.” In-all its essential features the original order issustained. He takes an exactly contrary view to that of Judge Caldwell. The judge's revizw of the case is complete and exbaustive and carefully covers everypoint raised in the argument. ‘lt is a sweeping victory for the reczivers. - The judge was nearly two hours in delivering the decision. N | " Labor Organizations Denounced. The deeision is made noticeable by the pronounced stand taken by the judge on what is generdlly known as the “labor question.”" Tfié vehemence of the language used, coupled with the general denunciatich oflabor organizations ‘and their‘methods, will cause, the order to be discussed in every section of the country. The decision contains fully 12,000 wg@s,- y@_a,g;j'a.rge portion, however, being:'fi.igm' of opin-. ions gugted. from--varidls decisions of other judges. After réviewing the case the judge says in his decision: |

Combined Capital and Combined Labor. “In the discussion of the important and interesting questions presented by this motion it is not within the prdvince of the court to assume part in thé contest between capital and labor which, it is-asserted, is here involved.! It may be that thé ageregated power of combined capftal'is fraught with danger to the republic. It may be that the aggregated power of combined labor is perilous to the peace of ‘society and to the rights of property. It doubtless is true that in the contest the rights of both have been invaded, and that.each his wrongs to be redressed If danger to the state exists from the eombination of either capitatior labor, requiring additional restraint or modification of existing laws,-it-is within the peculiar province of the legislature -to- determine’ ‘the necessary remedy, and to declare the general policy of the state touching therelations between ¢apital and laber: With that the judicial power of the government is not concerned. Butitis the duty of ihe courls to restrain those warring factions so far as their aetion may infririge the declared law »f the land, that society may not be disrupted or itspeace invaded and that individual and cofporate rights may not be infringed. ! Injunction the Proper Remedy.

“If the combination and censpiracy alleged and theacts threatened to be done in pursuance ibereof are unlawful, it canxneot,” I think,: be suecessfully denied that restraint by injunction is the appropriate remedy. It may be true that a right .of action ad law would arise upert consummation -of the threatened injury, but manifestly such remeay would be inadequate. The jhreatened interference with, the operations of the railway, ifs carried imto effect, would result in paralysis of its busi;ess, stopping the commerce ebbing: and* flowing through seven states of the union, working incalculable injury to the property and causing great publi¢ privation. Pecuniary' compexnsation would be wholly -inadequate. The injury would be irreparable. Compensation could be obtained only through a multiplicity of suits agaigst 12,000 men scaitered along the line of this railway for a distance of 4,400 miles. It is the peculiar funetion of. equity in suchy cases, wirgre the injury would result not alone in severe. arivate but in great public wrong, to re-| strain thg cocmmission of the threatened acts and oot to seada party to seek uncertain and in’ad»}quate remedy at law. ) g

. ‘“l'hatjurisdiction rests upon settled and un.assailable ground. It is no longer open to coniroversy that a court of -equity may restrain shreatened trespass involving the immediate or ultimate destruction of property, working' irreparabie injury, and for which there would be no adequate compensafion at law: 1t will in exirenie cases, where the peril is imminent and the danger great, issue. mandatory - injunciions requirinzw particular service to be performed, or W pertigaias divedtion to be given, or g particu‘lar order. to be revoked, in prevention of a threaténed trespass Upon Property or upon publie rights. |

“1 need not enlarze upon the subject - The jurisdiction is beyond question: ~is plenary and cofl:&hensive. ° | Pafiishment for Contempt Not Encugh.. The-jadge then cited several authorities dnd continued: ' : ) “It would be anomalous indeed if the court, nolding this property in possession in trust, could not protect it from injury -and~could not restrain interference which would render abortive all efforts to perform_tihe - public duties cbarged upon this railway. - “It was seggested by counsel thatas improp--er interference with this property during its possession by the.court is a coitempt, punishment therefor would furnish ample remedy, .and that therefore an .ix)jup.gtion would not lie, Ikhis is clearly an erroneous view. Punishment tor’ contempt is not compensation for an ‘ injury. The pecuniary -~penalty for con‘tumacy does not go to thé owner of the prop- ‘ erty injured.. Such contempt is deemed & public wrong and the fine inures to the' government. The injunction goes in’ prevention of ‘wronz to property and injury.to the public welfare; the fine, in punishment of conturnacy. The writ reaches the inchoate conspiracy to injure dand -prevents the contemplated wrong. /The proceedings in contemptis ex post facto, punishing for o wrong effected.” . o No Right to Quit When He Pleases. The judge then reviews the conditions that gave rise to the issuance of the writ. Continuing he says: . - “Pherée would seem’ to exist in some minds a lumentable misrepresentation of the-terms ‘liberty’ amd ‘right.’ It would seem by some to be suppased that in this land one has the constitutional right to do-as ¢ne may please, and ‘that any restraint upon the willis an infringement. apon frecdom of actign.. Rizghts are not abso Wte; but are relative. " Rights grow out of duty and are limited by duty. One bas not the right arpitrarily to quit service without regard to the peeessities of that service. His right of abandonment is limYted by the assumption of that service, and the conditions and exigenrics aitaching therelo. LA - e

+Qrdinarily the atandonment of scrvice by ‘ are individual is accompanied with so little of inconvenience, and with such slight resulting | loss, that it is a matter of but little moment when of how he may quit the service. But for 2}i that the principle remains,’ reccgnized by Lvery just mind, ‘that. the quitting must be vitnely and decent, in view of existing conditions. * * #* If what 1 have stated be gorrect as - to individual -~ -action the principle upplies with ‘greater -force - to the case of.a ccmbination of a.large numyer of employes to abandon * service £ suddenly and without reasonable ‘notice, with tg the result of ¢crippiing the operation.of thé railway.and injuring the public. Phe effect in this purticular instance would have proven disasirous. ' The labor organizations are said 1o represent three-fourths of all the eniployes upon the railways within the United Siates—an army | of many hundred thousands of men. The skilled labor necessary to the safe operation of a railway could not be readily supplied along 4,000 . miles of railway. s . ) i Could Not Fill Their Places:. _JI' “The difficulty of obtaining substitutes in the piace of those who sghould leaye the service would be intensified by the fact asserted and eonceded 2t the argument that no metnber of * these large organiziiions wouid dare toaccept service in’ the place of those who should leave, - been.se such accepiance would be foliowed by _ expu sion from their oriler pud by gocial ostra¢ism by their feliows. If this conspiracy: had. proven effective by -fuilure on.lie-part of the _eourt toigsiie its preveutive Writ, this vast prop- . ‘erty would have been paralyzed inits operation,. the whesis of an active commeree would bave geased to revolve, many pertions of seven states ~ would bave been shut off in the midst of winter . from tbe necessar; suppiy of clothing, food and fuel, tbe g;ms of the United States would bave been stopped,and the general business

of seven states ‘and the commerce of the whole .country passing over this railway woul@ have been suspended for an indefinite time. All these hardships and,incon-, veniences it is said must be submitted to that certain of these men, discontented with the conditions of their sérvice, may combine and conspire with the object and intent of crippling the property, to suddenly cease the performance of their duties. Tvis said that to restrain them from so doing {s abridgment of liberty and in: fringement of constitutional right. Ido not so apprehend the law. I freely concede the rignt of the individual to abandon service at a proper time ‘and in a decent manner. I concede the right of ail the employes of this road, acting in concert, to abandon their service at a proper time and in a decent manner, but I do not concede their right to abandon such service suddenly without reasonable notice. ! . Strikers Bitterly Condemned. ) %Phe second branch of the action has reference to the writ of injunction issued upon the supplemental petition of the receivers re‘straining any combination ¢r conspiracy | from having for lits purpose the inagu ration eof a strike wupoun the lines of the railway operated by the receivers and from ordering, advising or approving by communication or instruction or otherwise the employesi'(if the receivers to join in a strike. Thig part of the motion presents the issue whether a strike is lawful. The answer must largely depend upon the proper definition of‘th_e term.”’ The judge then cited thevarious defi- [ nitions of the work strike and dwelt upon strikes -in general. He said‘he knew of no peaceful strike, and that no strike was ever heard of that was or coula be successful unaccompanied by intiinidation or violence. He continued: - A strike without violence would equal the representation of the tragedy of Hamlet, with the part of Hamlet omitted. The moment that violence becomes an essential part of a scheme, or a necessary means of effecting the purpose of a combination, that moment the com- . . \ bination otherwige legal becomes illegal. ]‘ All combinations to interfere with perfect freedom in the proper management and control or one’s lawful business, to dictate the | terms upon which such business shall be con- | ducted, by means of threats or by intenfereqce i with property or traffic, or with the lawful em- 3 ployment of others, are within the condemna- : tion of the law.” : ! Makes a Slight Modification. - ( J Judge Jenkins then, referring to the | clause in the supplemental 'injunction, ‘ 'which enjoins any one from ordering, ‘recommending, approving or adwvising ‘others to quit the service of the North- | ern Pacific railway, and which has been characterized as wholly un- | warranted, said the clause was insertéd out- of abundant cau-’ tion, that the meaning: of ithe court might be clear, that there would be no unwarrantable interference with the! property, no intimidation, no violence, no strike. Since this language of the writ in this respect had been misconstrued and thejrestraint in | tended was in his judgraent compre- | hended within the other provisions of ' the writ, the motion in that respect would be granted and the clause stricken from the writ. In all other respects the motion would be denied. | —————— e . | TO TREAT ALL ALIKE. ! Judge Dundy Says Unioa Pacific Men Wilk | Have Justice. | OxaHA, Neb.,, April 9.—The Ameri- ! can Railway union has made applica- | tion in the United States district court | to have the salaries of the members of ! the order on the Union Pacific road, ' which were cut last August, restored to the old rate. Judge Dundy was visibly excited whez addressing the at- | torneys from the bench. He said: i

“If itis stated that sucka cut hag been made in the wages of these men connected with this organization—or outside ot it—on this railway, when others who are drawirg higher pay have been so highly favored, I will see that those who are drawing less pay will' be treated .the same way and I will advise that the old pay be restored: Still, it isbut fair to the other gide that they should have notice. You have to rely a great deal on the testimony of railway mén in these eases, and they should have notice, and I suggest vthe propriety when -Mr. Dickinson returns of making: the order. : )

. “Now, I have got myself into dGifficulty, as , you can readily see, by followizg the ex- . ample Judge Jenkins made in the Northern Pacific case, when he allowed o schedule ' reducing the pay and fixing in the order that . the parties were bound to comaly with ! it whenno notice, mota minute, was given. I | do not propose toges myself in that shape ! again and be. dencun¢ed in open court where ‘ I have to wreside At times. I feHowed ; his order, thcugn nyine was'less stringent. | than his when he did not give the men | a minute’'s notice, and now I am de- | nounced all over the country for doing the very thing he did, when I was following a precedent : he set. My term of coust commences at Nor- | folk on Monday, but if necessnry 1 will post- ! pone that in order to have a speedy heariag: in: | this case.”’ i In conclusion Judge Dundy -said: ; “1f you want to make application to kave: the old pay restored, I want you and | every other ‘one of -the employes on | the rvad to understard - that if Ikey ! have been wronged by the reduction that. | they will not have to join any- - union to get.a ‘ hearing, because, as I have said before, I will | hear one person that has a grievance or 1 will { hear 100, or 1,000 or 4,ooC—as they claim to hawe | in this union—and I will make no distinction ! between the parties.” ) | - BANDITS HANGED. . ! Three Train Robbers and Murderers I:’J—:T - ecuted in Arkansas. t’

NEWPORT; Ark., April 9.—The thrase train robbers, J. L. Wyrick, Thomas Brady and Albert Mansker, who killed Conductor W. P. McNally at Oliphant, Ark., November 3 last, were hangedhere. The drop fell at 7:55 a. m. a=d the men were pronounced dead at 8:05 Their necks were broken. ' The men spent the night in praye: and preparation for death.. When they found thatall hope was gone they confessed that the evidence adduced at their trial was correct and that the story of the train-robbery and murder as.told by George Padgett, who turned state's evidence, was true. All three united, however. in asserting that Padgett planned the crime, drew the others into it, and then deserted them when his own neck was endangered. Thezetwas 1o hitch in the triple execution, which passed off smoothly.

~ |On the night of November 3, 1893 an Iron Mountain passenger train was held up near | Oliphant by seven masked men. The exp:ess and passenger codches were looted and | Conductor W. P. McNally, who Dbravely | attempted to defend his train, svas Kkilled. About two weeks previous to the robbery half a dozen young farmers disappeared from their homes near DBentonville. They rode ponies and were heavily armed. To their friends they said they were going to the Indian territory to buy ecattle.. Their names were - Albert Mansker, James L. Wyrick, George Padgett, © 0.. 'L. Truman - and Pennyweight Powell: and his younger brother Sam. Under -the leadership of Thomas ‘Brady, a whisky peddler from the Indian territory, these agriculturists left their farms, families and friends to become train-robbers, Brady, M#@nsker, Wyrick ang Padgett were arrested fiot long after the holdup. Padgett: turned state’s ‘evidence and is in jail | awaiting trialat the spring term of the Jackson county eir¢uit eourt. His three companions were tried in February and convicted of MeNally's murder. Pennyweight Powell was captured in Denver aboit a'month ago and is now in prison awaiting trial. O. L Truman and Sam Powell are stifl fugitives from justice.j . ‘ FAILED FOR MILLIONS. 1 — English Law Firm and Private Bank Goes Under for #51,509,000. Loxpox, April 9.—~Great consternation prevailsin the Midland counties, owing to the faiflure of New, Prance & Garrards, solicitors, of Evesham. The liabilities of the firm ave estimated at $1,500,000, lis business was largely that of a private bank and it included ‘among its clignts many farmers. Great privations arz anticipated in raany cire ‘cles as a result of the failure, ,

LABOR’S RIGHTS. e They Are Upheld if a Decision by Judge Caldwell. - The Employes Favored # Every Point in the Union Pacific Case—The Old SchedR ule of Wages Is| Restored ; i by the ])eci?ion. St END OF A NOTE’ :CASE. g OMAHA, Neb., April jg).—J,udge Caldwell’s decision in the Union Pacific wage schedule case hag been rendered and is a complete victory for the employes. Judge Caldwell’s decision puts the old schedule of wages in force again. The employes had heen res‘t,ra:';ned from striking against'a reduction made by the receivers by an injunition similar to the famous order of Judge Jenkins in the Northern Pacific| case. The men fought the injunction |in court and the result was the decision. - The United States courtroom was thronged with railroad men who listened intently to th? reading of the opinion, which was very lengthy comprising over 4,000 w.oj(‘ds. ~ Judge Caldwell says: o :

| “The relation of these men to the company i’ and their rate of wages were determined in the ! main by certain written rules, regulations and ’ Bchedules, some of which }lfiad been in force for | more than a quarter jof. a century, and . all of which had been in force substantially |as they stand to-day | for a period of | eight years and more. |These rules, regula- | tions and schedules werei"‘the result of free and ‘ voluntary conferences held froin time to time | between themanagers of the railroad and the | officers and representati:fita of the severallabor . organizatious of the m ‘ in:the different sub- . divisions o branches of the service. ' “Among the ruies and flggulations referred to | and in operation when gke receivers were aps - poirted was one to the |effect that no change | should ke made in the rules and regulations | and the rate of wages without first giving to ! the labor organizations, whose members would ‘ bte affected by such change, thirty days’ notice | or other reasonable notige.” : | Judge Caldwell then recites how the ' receivers went into court last January %o force a reductiunj’on the schedule of - weges, and states all the legal steps talien down to and including the hearing just ended. | Judge Caldwell th}’[en goes on to say that when a courfi: of equity takes “upon itself the conduct and operation of a great line of railroad the men engaged in conducting the business and operating the roafd become the employes. of the court, and are subject to its orders in all matters relating to the discharge of tl],‘?eir daties and entitled to its protection, and adds: “An essential and in"dispensablc requisite to the safe and successful joperation of the road is the employment of sober, intelligent, experienced and capable men flx’or that purpose. When 8 road comes under the raanagement of a coust in which the employes iiure conceded. to possess all these quulificati&ns»-—and that concession is made in |the fullest manner here—the court will not, on light or trivial grounds, dispense with'their services cx reduce their wages. And when the schedule of wages in force at the time the court assumes the management of the road is the rzsult of a mautual agreement between the company and the employes which has been| in force for years, the eourt will presume ta¢ schedule is reasonable and juss, and anyone °f‘ isputing that presamption will be required tp overthrow it by satistactory proof. ] ' *'This, the court cory’,[tmds, has ot been dsne by the receivers, ulthdbgh» they had all recommended that a cut be?{ made. Itis the coury’s belief that the iecefiwens- made the request ignorantly, as only | cae of them is a praetical railrogd u_%mn,- and their opinions upon the subjecfi » wages sched ules is confessedly .of littde value. The court shares in their anxie,'ty to have an economical administratisn -of 1111%15 trast to the emnd that those that own the property and have liens up- ! on it may get out of fit wka ig fairly their due. | “But to accomplish this desirable result the’ wages of the men must nots be reduced: below ’ 8 rcasonable and [’ just - osmpensation for ] their services. They must be paid fair | wages, though ne d‘lvidends are paid om the | stock and no interest paid on the bonds. } “It is a part of the public history ot the oun- | try, of which ths cd&urb will take judicial ne- | tice, that for the hfisn $56,000,000 of stock ist sued this company Hreceived less than 2 cents | on the dollar, snd :fi,he profit of. construction | gsg‘»rfscmed by out,s‘}anding bonds was $42,320, - SRB 34. . i i

“There would soem to be no equity in redwcing the wages of émployes below what is easonabvle axfg‘ just iz grder to pay dividends en stock and interest on bonds of this character. The ‘recommezndation of the receivers o adopt their schedules cannot be accepted by -the court for anpther reason. -The scheduie was andopted witheut affording to -the men st their representativgs any opportuzity io %Se heard. This was inj vinlation of the agreement. existing between wfle cornpany and. the men,. by the terms of which neo change of the scheids ules was to be madg:without notié t 3 the men and granting them p.hiearing. This was a fun~ damental error. I

“The receivers \fl’fere the first to treak ths - contract be:wecnfl she ‘court and its em- ' ployes, but if tr{a converse had been the: . ease the court could not have directed or en- - joined the men ,”Fa continue in its service.. : Specitic performpnece of a contract tes ! render© personal rnsex:vice cannot .be en- , forced by injunctiow.by paing and penalties or: | by any other mear:fi; The period of compulsory personal service.g 3ave as a punishment ! for crime, has ;‘ Dasse¢ in this sountry. | In this country; it ig pot unlawful for; ! employes 1o -asslibointe. consult and confer ! together with | & view to rmaaintaln. ; or increase their wages, by lawful and peaceful. ; means, any more |than it was unlawful for the: receivers to counsel and confer togethewfor the | purpose of reducinz their wages. A corporation is orgai}izet‘»c&pit;fl; organized labor is ¢ organized capitalj what,is lawful for one to do | is lawful for the gthier to de k “In the opinion! of the gourt the allowances ! made by the 'scbi dules now in force are just ‘and equitable. ’ The employes, under the ! present system, |siare the burdens of di- | minished busingss. When property is im | the- custody of receivers ‘the law declares’ it to [Be a contempt of. . the ! court,. appointing therm for any person‘ta;’ interfere with thie property or with the:men in { their employ. » injunction order can make | such unlawiful igterference any more of a: con- § tempt than th¢ law makes it witheut such § order. J { “Such orders have an injurious tendency, be | cause they tephd 0 (reate the impression | among men that it is not an offense to.in- ) terfere with wWroperty in possession. of re- | ceivers or wjth the men in their em- | ploy unless. tlhiey have. been especially en- i joined from s¢- foing. = Tkis is a dangerousde- ! lusion. To thepxtent that a special irjunction | can go in thia glass of cases the law itself im- l - poses an iniuq'f:iion. For this reason no in- | junctional exder will be entered in this case.’ ) s Bl ; A ROB%ED OF $15,000. . ! !

E‘Zzhauge Na 'iqual of Eldorade, Kan., the Loser—Offer a Reward: of $4,000. ; ELD&!RA!)(),; Kan., April 7. —lt has just been learned that the Exchange national bank ;Wof this city was robbed a day or two ago of $15,000, but the officers suceeeded i% keeping it secret in the: hope of catching the robbers. They failed in the latter effort and the rokDbery became knownmn. There was no force used .ifiothe vault and the robber is supposed ito have known the combi.nation. The diveetors have made good the deficit jand offered a reward of 4,000 for the capture of the thief or thieves and return of the money.

A Fortane for a Tomb. . New YOR]IL, April 7.—Mrs. Cornelia Frances Coster, who died last Sunday at the Hotel Savoy, left a will directing that her’en’t‘[’;re fortune of $1,000,000 be devoted to building a mausolenm in Woodiawn ¢emetery. If her instructions are ca,i'ried out her memory will be perpetuated in the costliest tomb ever erecte:}j in this country. : .Day? of Grace Abolished. s Mapisox,| Wis,, April 7.—Wisconsin’s new law, effective to-day, abolishes the customary three days’ grace on notes. Commercial paper must be met on tha day it fallsdue, :

| THE TARIFF BILL. : . ~ ¥ 4 s e Merits of the Measure Diseussed by the | Senators. On the 24 Senator Voorhees (dem., Ind.) opened the tariff debate in the senate. He denounced the protective system of tariff taxation as developed and fastened upon\the business and labor of the American people, especially during the third of a centyry past, growing; worse at every stage, as a system of indescribable injustice and oppression, yet, said he, all of its viclous principles and workings. ramified as they are through every branch of trade and commerce. cannot be annihilated by a single blow or totally wiped out by a single legislative enactment. For the bill now-under consideration no such claim is made, butin its behalf car be truthfully asserted, and will be successfully maintained, that it accomplishes a great work in che field of tariff reform. He'challenged *“ths attention of the senate and the country to the great ard commanding fact that by the provisicns of this bill the seeming paradox of a reduction of taxes and at the same time an incre ase of public revenues will be reconciled when it becomes a law. It is enough to say that we have liberalized American markets, made them more accessible to the trafic of the world,- and, while not establishing free frade, we have made trade freer and more even-handed between the nianufacturer and the consumer. But ‘over and above and beyond this wide and well-known field of extortion and injustice, it will be found from the schedules of this bill that vhe tariff taxes now officially ascertained and paid under existing law on the wants, necessities and daily consumption of the laboring men, women and children of the United Stateés have been reduced more than £76,000,000 per annum. To this miust be added the further imposing fact that thé bill provides for a full and ample revenue, largely in excess of present supplies, with which to meet all the requirenients of the public credit. Such a consummation as this, so full of relief to the people, and of strength, safety and honor to the governmén,t, may -well atone for the imperfections and shortcomings ‘alleged against the pending measure, and will constitute the rock on which the temple of tariff reform will be built, and against which, in the ameliorated future, the gates of avarice, oppression and fraud shall not prevail.” ) Senator Voorhees defended the ad valorem system as fairer, honester and more easily un-derstood-than specific duties. He said: *‘‘Ab-solute-free trade in sugar is an: attractive theme, but no such thing has ever existed for a single hour since the organization of this government. A moderate duty has always been imposed on sugar and it has always been a stanch revenue support to the government.” - Concerning the whisky feature, he claimed at all times to have favored an inereased tax for the purpose of securing a sufilcient support of the government with as light a tax as possible on the necessaries of life. The revenue raised from distilled spirits, the purchase and consumption of which was never a necessity of life, was to him a deep gratification, the more so as §20,000,000 of the surplus accruing under the bill. would be furunished by the tax on whisky. ) Speaking of the ptoposed income tax, which he warmly upholds, Senator Voorhees said: ‘‘The proposition ecntained in the- pending bill to levy a tax of 2 per cent. on all net incomes of cerporations and of individuals in excess of §4,000 per anrum is so just and equitable toward the hardwerking taxpayers of meager resouvrces throughout:the entire country that not s word in its defense or explanation swould seem necessary here or anywhere else.”’ ; )

On the 3d Senator Allison (rep., la.) gave an outline of some of the main objections which will be urged against the bill, took up many of Voorhees’ statemen:s and .vigoroasly replied to them. Analyzirg the destructive prin¢eiples on which tie bill was censtructed, he cited the gromth and development of tke " country under a protective system ay an illustration of the benefits of that system. He commente® upon the fact .that the government had alvays avoided excise from internal revenue taxes-except for war puarposes, remarking that the internal revenue to-day was bringing in just about emough tc pay pemsions, whick were a war experditure in reality. Now, he said, the democratic majoritg proposes to return to the intern:l revenue system and expand i% iz time of peace. : ; : : In his discussion of the practical effect of the proposed legislation Senator Allizon recalled how in 1833, when the controversy o ser the tariff was flercest, the scuthern free traders themgelves had proposed no sucii sudden and sweeping change as do their bretsren of %e-day. He recalled Henry Clay's provision that. where the ad valorem prevailed it should be or: the home valuation and not on toreign valuatiom. Senator Allison said that @t the proper tirae he should offer an amendmert that the valuvation should: be that of leading citiess in the United States. instead of tha% which uwader the bill as represented by the majority the foreigm exporters would put on their own gocds. Inmcidentally he showed how uanjustly the ad valorem duti=s would operate against American farmers along the Canadiai: border. He gave his beliaf that if the propositions.ef the majority of the committee were carricd out as to ad valorem valuations an infiaite number of new offlces would have to be created, hecause the appraisers_amd special examiners at the customs ports would have to be multiplied indefinitely. 3 On the 4th Mr. Alison resumed his- speech, devoting his remarks to the departure from gpecific to ad valerem duties, and pointed out the inconsisteney of retaining specifie duties on some articles-and the ad.“valorem system on others. In response to & question: Senator Allison declared that he intended to voie fer free sugar, both raw and refined, as it was in the bill when it cazae from the house, and then he would propose an amendment replacing the bounty on sugaras it was in the McKinley law. He criticised 13e aleoholic schedule as impoaing a great hardship upon many_industries and denounced ths plan to make up a deficiy by levying a tax en sugar and incomes: He'asserted that he should not knowingly contribute. by this bill or<any other to the promoting of the interests of Great Britain at the sacrifce of tbe interesis of his own country. ? Mr. Mills (dem., Tex) followed, confining himself chiefiy t¢ a defense of the. ag@' valorem’ system. Mr: Mills said: -‘We cannot pass our bill without making some concessiems. [am between the devil and the deep, sea; and when it is a questicn of going to the devil Oy keeping the McKinley law, or of going to: sea, and there must be-some favorable wind to'blow me back to land, I am going to sea.”’ On the 6tk Mr. Peffer (pop., Xan.)»in a discussion of revenue and protective tariffs declared that the “most consistent and practicable system of tariff taxation for revenue only is'that adoptéd by Great Britain—iaxing caly such articles.as are not produced in the ceuntry levying-the tax, and in addition such articles as are 5f a more or less harmful’ character —as liquors and tobacco. But,” he said, ‘‘while this methed is simple it is unjust: in its operation. Sugar; coffee, tea and spices would sup~ ply all the revenue we now derive from customs. Buba system which operates so unjustly uvon peor people could not be enforeced in this country.” : : The Wilson bill Mr. Peffer characterized as a protective measure;, surrendering ‘‘revénue on the luxuries and discriminates against farms, ‘The duties on many farm products are of no banefit to the farmer, but when they are of any use let them remain, if the protection policy is to be maintained. The Wilson bill allows a' loss of revenue that might as well be retained. Itis no better om the wheole than the present law. It has free wool, but taxes clothes: free hides, but taxes shoes. It protects ‘manunfacturers and gives free raw materials. The c¢hairman -of the finanee committee denounced protection as robbery. How can he support this bill? His speech was an arraignment of his Polleagues and an apology for himgelf. When the tariff-reformers bring us free wool and leave sieh burdens on the clothing of men and women who perform the manual labor of the country may we not inquire where the ‘line is to be draw#n betwoen a tariff for revenue only and the ‘cuiminating atrocity of class legislation?’”’ 4

Referring to the poputist view of the tariff he said: *‘We understand that the levying of tarift duties is a tex upon the people, and we would make the burden as.light as possible. The populists bpelieve in a graduated income tax and regard it as the most equ’table system of taxation. The populists do not believe in pulling down the rich, but in raising up the poor. We do not believe in abandoning wholly the present gsystern. Itakeitthat professed tariff reformers do not see how greatly their practice contrasts with their theory; they mean well but lack courage. Protection as taught by. our fathers is the proper doctrine. Protection to domestic ipdustries. Only such industries as can be made national, employing large numbers of people, ghould be protected, and that only long enough to establish them Bounties in many cases are better than chearer duties.” ; Fire in a Srewery. . ALEXANDRIA, Ind:; April 7..—A fire of incendiary origin broke out Friday night in’ the Fred Miller Brewing company’s buildings. Three horses, three buildings and- the stock were consumed. Loss, $2,000, with $5OO insurance. i : . :

. SUSTAINED, Republicans Vote, Preventing the Passage ' of the Seigniorage Bill Over the Veto. WasHINGTON, April 6..—President Cleveland was saved from defeab Weduesday only by the votes of republican congressmen. In the house, only democrats voting, the seigniorage bill was passed over the veto by a twothirds majority, but it was discovered that there was no quorum. On the second ballot the republicans voted and the bill failed to pass. ; Mr. Bland (dem., Mo.) called up the seigniorage 'bill seturned by the president without his approval, and ~moved that it pass, the objections of the executive to the contrary notwithstanding. . g Mr. Tracey (dem., N. Y.) raised the -question of consideratlon against it and Mr. Bailey made the point of order that the constitution required the consideration of a bill: returned with a veto and that the question of consideration' therefore could not be raised against it. The speaker sustained the point of order. : Mr. Bland stated that on Saturday, at 3 o’clock, he would demand the previous question. From all quarters of the democratic side there seemed to be a general desire to avoid conflict of opinion in debate and Mr. Bland’s suggestion of three days’ debate was mes with a chorus of cri¢s of: *‘Vote, votel” Then followved one of the most remarkable seenes witnessed in the house in years. Mr: Tracey, who was standing in a sid& aisle, said that as far as the democrats of the minority of the committee on coinage, weights and measures were concerned they were willing to take a vote immediately. This statement was received with shouts of approval from the democratic side. Mr. Tracey went on to say, however, that he had not conferred with the republicans of the committee and suggested that he would like to haye the ‘og:ilnion of Mr. C. W. Stone, '‘of Pennsylvania, who made up the minority report against the bill. ' Mr. Stone replied, after conferring a moment with those about him on the republican ide, that the fiqté in the house wlien the seigniorage bill was passed ‘had been so limited he was unwilling to enter into any agreement to close the debate-at this time. | [ When he ceased speaking there was great confusion on the floor. Members on both sides were conferring in'groups. The speaker, with uplifted gavel, surveyed the house for a moment. Mr. Bland expressed a willingness to have the vote taken immediately. Mr. Reed, ‘Mr. Burrows, Mr. Dingley and Mr. Stone were in earnest consultation to the left-of the -speaker’s rostrum. As it subsequently appeared, they agreed that Mr. Dingley should make the opening argument for his side. - . * Meantime no one addressed the chair, and the speaker stated the question to be on the motion to pass the bill, the president’s objection to the contrary notwithstanding. ‘‘On this,” said he, looking down upon the confusion on the Hloor, ‘‘the constitution requires that the vote shall be taken by yeas and nays.” He hesitated. - ¢*All those in favor will say yea,” he continued. ‘‘Contrary, by the contrary sign.” Again he paused. But no one addressing him. he added, with a bang of the gavel: ““IT'lje clerk will call the roll.” “Mr. Allen,” began the clerk. ~ Thera was a gasp of astonishment on the republican side as they awakened to realize that the roll call had begun. The democrats, who were anxious to see debate suppressed, were overjoyed. Amid a great uproar a dozen republicans jumped to their feet and clamored for reeognition. The confusion was so great that the clerk gotno further than the first name. ‘‘Too late, too late,” shouted the democrats as Mr. Reed tried to make himself heard "above the uproar. At last, by dint of hard pounding, a semblance of quiet was restored. : ““Mr. Speaker,” said Mr. Reed, ‘‘my colleague, Mr. Dingley, was ready to address the house upon this question before the roll call began.” - ' “The gentleman, Mr. Dingley, made no such statement until after the first name on the roll had been called,” said the speaker. He declined to allow the roll call to be interfered with. Great disorder followed. L )

The explanation of the speaker was not satisfactory. 'The republicans, led by Mr. Reed, were appealing for recoguition amid shouts of ‘‘regular Yrder” from the democratic side. The excitement - was intense. The speaker cut Myr. Reed off in the midst of a remark by ordering the roll call continued. Mr. Reed persisted in his effort to speak, when §peaker Crisp ordered him to be seated. 'The gentleman from Maine sat down, but immediately arose and asked the speaker to be heard. The speaker declined to. hear him, but Mr. Reed: insisted, when the chairman ordered. him to sit down. . The republicans were beside themselves with anger. They, refused to vote on the first roll call. The antisilver democrats were in despair, as the first roll call gave the silver men the necssary two-thirds. ' ' The vote stood yeas, 130; nays, 45. Republicans did .not vote. There was no quorum present. Finally after a consultation the republicans agreed to vote and . did!vote on the second roll eall. This turned the tide and upon the announcement of the vote it %vas found that the motion to pass the bill over the veto had been defeated—ye~as, 144; nays, 116; the silver men lacking 74 of the necessary two-thirds. The house then adjourned. Paris the Seene of Another Dynamite Explosion— Several Hurt. ¥ARIS, April 6.—Another bomb explosion oeeurred here Wednesday evening nesr the senate chamber. The explosion took place at 9:20 o’clock p. m. The bomb was placed in a flower box on the windowsill of -the restaurant Foyct, 22 Rue Vauguriad, opposite the senate chamber. The bomb exploded with a tremendous report and shattered all the windows of the restaurant, besides breaking the windows in anumber of other buildingse. M. Taillade, an artist, and a lady friend were injured by the explosion. :

Favor a State Tax on Greenbacks. WASHINGTON, April 6.—By a voté of 8 to 5 the house committee on banking and currency decided to report in favor of subjecting greenbacks to state and municipal taxation. The bill was introduced by Representative Cooper {lnd.) and is regarded as an important one bearing on the general currency question. _ i Lo Killed Two Thousand Jack Rabbits. SUusANVILLE, Cal., April 6.—The firs, rabbit drive in Larsen county tooll placa Monday night. A section of mearly 3 miles was driven over and ‘gbum 2,000 jaek vabbite were killed, .

FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. : THE LITTLE KITE, ; % Inever can doit,” the little kite said, . As he looked at the others high over his head; I know I should fall if I tried to fly."" = ¥ Try,” said the big kite; “only teyt = - = Or 1 fear you never will learn at all.”” =~ * But the little kitesaid: “I'm afraid I'll fall."’ The big kite nodded: *“*Ab, well, good-by; I'm off,” and he rose toward the tranquil sky. Then the little kite's paper stirred at the sight, , G And trembling he shook himself free for n fight > . First whirling and frightened, then oraver. i grown, f - ’; Up, up he rose through the air alone, i - Till the big kite, looking fown, could see - - The little one rising steadily.. - 5 s Then how the little one thrilled with pride, As he sailed with the big kite, side by side! While far below he could see the ground, And the boys like small spots moving round. They rested high in the quietair, : And only the birds and clouds were there. “*On! how happy Lam!” the little kite cried; - “ And all because I was brave, and tried.” = . . —Katharine Pyle, in St. Nicholas. IN THE QUICKSAND:. - How & Boy’s Life Was Saved Through - ; His Pony’s Devotion. ~ ' . At ten years of age the human being: cannot depend on hunself to obey or ders, or to get himself out of a scrape; at least Fred Mackleroy could not. -~ But an animal, a pony, say, at three, years of age has all his wits about’ him; at least Fred Mackleroy’s pony had. 4 L A favorite canter with Fred was the. five-mile road leading to Beaver Dams lake; the road was wide, hard, smooth and well shaded, and the lake was a fairy sheet of water full of green islands. There was one restriction on this ride; Fred was never to take the short cut, the bridle path. through the woods. ‘ . : - - But one day, out of very perversity and idleness, he reined Star into the path and rode in under the birches and pines, and in two minutes he was lost to sight. | | - As he rode on he spoke aloud often, contemptuously: ‘I can see no reason why I should not ride this bridle path!” After riding a 'mile perhaps, all the time in hearing of the steam thresher in his father's wheat field, he dismounted and threw himself down under a cogl pine for a rest. Bidding Star to stand there, after a few moments he: strolled away down‘int;'o a sunny glade—a piece of low ground with bright green sod, through the middle of which ran a sluggish stream with lilies growing:inits -« 0 = He ran forward to gather the flowers, and in a moment found himself kicking about in a bog, and ' in. a minute more felt himself sinking, and at the same instant remergbered_,_ he had been told there was a quagmire in those woods. The spot was a bit of marsh and quicksand and concealed by the rich growth of grass. Many an/mals have been mired there, and it was said that more than one hunter had lost his life in the bog. . s Fred stopped short, and shouted: Stopped short? Yes, he- did, for his legs were now firmly grasped by the sucking quicksands. There was a hor-

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rible feeling all over his body of being drawn downward. His eyes stood out of their sockets.” His veins were fit to “burst. : e : . Ile threw himself over on' his back as far as he could and tried to raise one of his legs. His instinct was to ficht for his legs, to-hold them by main force against going in further. But who ever fought a quicksand with any success? r . e He wept and struggled and shouted, but all in vain. There was nothing to do but die, though so near home he could hear. the steam thresher and now and then the voices- of the men! Oh! it was maddening. - - - Suddenly he heard Star’s familiar neigh. There stood the dear little fellow at the edge of the morass, looking at his master and whinnying pitifully. “(h, Star! Star!” Fréd called, “‘can’t you get somebody to come?” With a snort and a, neigh the little pony came toward kim,- picking his way and finding footholds where the boy had missed them. S When he had come near enough Fred ‘tried to catch his bridle, but he was too weak to reach up so far. e Then the wise creature took matters under his own direetion. He whirled around so: that his long tail swept right over‘the boy’s head. With a cry of joy the poer fellow caught hold of his strong support, and - then with a sudden quick and powerful jerk Star drew him:out. o e The boy had just strength enough . left to cling tight. until he was dragged ‘to safe ground. Then he let go and fainted. : ' - In the course of the forenoon the pony’s. persistent neighings ' were heard by some one in the wheat field, and I'red was found and taken home. . However-the boy may feel about the quagmire, there is norein or bit strong enough to turn-the pony aside into that bridle path.—E. A. Mathews, in St. Louis Republie. = ,

Why His Salary Wasn’t: Raised. - - A small boy in. one of the stores in Chicago approached his employer and -asked for an advance in salary. *‘How much gre you getting a week now? ' said the merchant. “Four dollars and ~a half, sir,” “And how old are you?” - “Twelve,sir.” ‘“Why, my boy, at your age I wasn’t paid that mueh.” “Well, maybe you weren’t worth it to the firm you was working for, but I think I am.”—Northwestern Christian Advocate. . o o | A Diplomatic Answer. ' . : Boston Street-Car Conductor—‘‘How - old are you, my little girl?” ' Little Girl —“lf the corporation doesn’t object, I’'d prefer to pay full fare and keep my own statistics.”—Northwestern Christian Advocate. Sei 2 , Tormmy Did Not Love His. Visitor—*Tommy, I wish to ask you a few questigns in grammar.” -Tommy —*Yes, sir.” Visitor—*“lf I' give you the sentence, ‘The pupil loves his teacher,’ what is’ that?” “Sarcasm.” L wGlasgow Citizens . & = 0 eB b S

o GRANDMA'’S STORY. . _ She Tells Little Ada About Her First At L tendance at School. i “Grandma,” said little Ada, ‘“‘mammé says I must go to school next week, and I don’t want to go. Do you think! such a little girlas I-am ought to go to. school? Did: you go, grandma, when' you were so little?” . Grandma thought a minute, then she smiled and said: “I was not as old as you are the. first day I went to school’ I was not four. I remember it very well,”? © - e ‘ -“‘Dear grandma,” said. Ada, ‘“‘please tell me all about it.” L “Well,” said grandma, *‘llived inthe country, and the school-house was half a mile away. I had passed it often

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when I was out riding, and knew the way:very well. One day in summer I said to my mamma: ‘May I go to school . to-day?” She said ‘yes,’ thinking I was playing go-to-school. Solbegantoget ready. As 1l knew my sister took her luncheon in a basket, I searched for a basket to take mine in. I found quite a large one, and then I went to the pantry to find something to put in it. Icould not reach anything but a big platter of boiled corned beef and potatoes that were left there to get cold so -that they could be made into hash. The bee% ‘did not suit my taste, but I put all the potatoes into my basket—and put the cover on. Then I put on -an old straw hat that had been my brother’s. Little girls wore , sun-bonnets in theose days, but I likedd\ this hat very much, and had trimmed it myself by tying a pink ribbon around the ecrown. I wonder that no one saw me making my preparations,” said grandma thoughtfully. ‘I should not ‘have been allowed to goif anyone had seen.me. . - - “Then I set out. Don, my big Newfoundland dog—who always went with me everywhere out of doors—went with me. I remember how warm we were, for the basket was heavy, and ~how Don lolled and kept lying down, and trying to malke me go back by - starting off -towards home /alone, but‘i . when I would not go with him he al*ways followed me. - “When we came to the schoolhounse I pushed the door wide open (it was open a little way) and went in. There were ever so many boys-and girls sitting on benches, and the teacher and they all looked at me.: My sister (she was.ten 'or twelve years old) thought some one had brought me to the door and sent me in with the basket with something nice for her luncheon. So ‘she was quite pleased and proud, and took the c¢over off the basket in such ‘a way as to show as plain as she could to the gazing boys and girls what I had brought. I remember well how surprised and ashamed she looked when she saw the potatoes, and the boys and girls all laughed. : . “The teacher laughed, too, and asled ~me who came with me. I said ‘Don.’ Then she said my sister might talke me ~home at noon. Don ran home when I ‘went into the schoolhouse. v ‘I sat on a bench beside my sister, and the boys and girls looked at me as long as I was there. When I was going home the teacher kissed me and said: ‘Good-by, little Runaway.’ “That was a .long time ago,” said grandma, slowly.—N. Y. World. : - .That Altered the. Case. _ Of the late French Senator Renaud, the Kolnische Zeitung tells the following anecdote: When Renaud first came as senator to Paris from his home in the Pyrenees he engaged a room at a hotel and paid a month’s rent—one hundred and fifty francs+— ‘in advance. The proprietor asked him if he would have a receipt.. It is . not necessary,’ replied Renaud. ‘‘God has veitnessed the payment.”” : - “Do you believe in God?” sneered the host. “Most assuredly,” ‘replied Renaud, *don’t you?” I ' " “Not I, monsieur. ” - - **Ah,” said the senator, ‘‘in that. case please malke me out a receipt!” ' Hardly Worth Mentioning. + A Yankee with some gift for bragging, as’ well as getting out of a corner, was talking to an Englishman. “We can lick you right smart,” he said. - “We've allus done it, an’ we can do it again. At Lexington, Concord, Saratoga, Bunker Hill, an’ lots of those places we: jest.gave you fits.” | - “Yes,” said the Englishman, “I do remember those places. But there was the' little battle of White Plains. We rather beat you there.” ‘ “Well, you did,”.. admitted the Yankee. “I forgot all about that. I shouldn’t have thought of it if yeu h;uln’t a-spoke of it. Dut then, you - sec, at that battle the Americans somehow didn’t seem to take any interest in the fight!” ‘ ; . Kasiest Thing in the World. : There are explanations that don’t ‘explain, as mgny people have discovered. A g'en&eman, talking with a young lady, admitted that he had failed to keep abreast of the scientific progress of the age. ‘‘For instance,” said he, “I don’t understand how the incandescent light, now so extensively used, is procured.” ‘Oh, it is very simple,” said the lady, with the air of one ‘who knows itall. “You just turn a button over the. lamp and- the lights appear at once!”. . e L SLw Th L Averaging T, c . The city editor had sent the reporter out to have an interview with a very ‘aged woman they had discovered, and ‘the reporter had come back. =~ - “Well,” inquired the city editor, “did you see her?” .. . . o - *“Course I did; that’s what I went Lot : . “Howolllashet® . . : - “She said she was 110 years old.” *‘Very well. When you write your story put her down at 128 The woian isn’t living who will tell aier real age.™