Ligonier Banner., Volume 15, Number 34, Ligonier, Noble County, 9 December 1880 — Page 3

_ctl)_;l;\trymcn, is a just subject of National pride. : i 3 . THE TREASURY DEPARTMENT. - The condition of the financial affairs of the Governmeént, as shown by the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, is very satisfactory. | Jdt is believed that the present financial situa{tion of the United States, whether considered ‘with respect tO trade, currency, ' credit, growing weaith, orithe extent and variety of our resources, is more favorable than that of any other country of our time, and has never been surpassed by that of any country at any period of its history.. All our industries are thriving; the rate of interest i 3 low; new railroads are being construpted; a vast immi%rution is increasing our population, capita and labor; new enterprises in great number are in progress; and our commereial relations with other countries arefimproving. * The ordinany revenues, from all sources, for the fiscal yea?ondcd June 80, 1¢8), were: . Fromecustomß...... ............ $186,622,084 60 From internal revenue:......... 124,003,373 92 From sales of public 1and5....... 1,016,506 60 From tax on girculation and de- : posits of Nitional 8ank5...... 7,014,971 44 From repayment of interest by " Pacific Raijway Companies. ... 1,707,367 18 From sinking-fund for Pacific - 'lmilway Campanies........ ..., 788,621 22 From customs tees, fines, penalBl Gto 0 s 1,148,800 16 From fees—eonsular, letters-pat-entHpalaNds. . ot 2,337,029 00 - Fronwprocegds of sales. of Gov- . exnmient groperky. ... ... o 0 282,516 50 From pmllitb‘nn coinage, ete..... 2,792,186 78 From revenues of the District of Columbial ... 47 ..0 .. ... 1800408 70 From miseellanec sources....” 4,099 603 88 Total ordinary receipts...... $333,526,610 98 The ordinary expenditures for the same i)erio:l were:. e i for civil expen5e5............... $15,603,963 "r"’i For foreiom integcourse.......... 1,211,400 58 FOE Indigs, 0% ... .0 0.0 b94bdsT O 3 For pensions, including $19,341,- b 025 ) ayrearsof pensions ... .. 56,777,174 44 For the military establishment,- ; including river and harbor im- L provements and arsenals....... 38,116,916 22 ¥or the naval establishment, in- : cluding vessels, machinery and _* .improvements at navy-yards.. 13,536,984 T 4 For niiscellancous expenditures, ; Jincluding . public buildings, - light-houses, and collecting the Yetenwe ) onn o L BEBEhaYL U 0 -For expenditures on account of 5 the Districtof C01umbia........ - 3,272,384 63 For interest on the public debt.. 95,757,575 11 For premium on bondspurchased 2,795,320 42 Tothl ord‘inury expenditures $267,642,057 8 Leaving-a surplus revenue of ... $55,883,653 20 Whichy with an amount drawn : from the ¢ash balance in'the, : Treddury, lof. ..ol 0.0, BiOBAEEE B | B e Sinoint Was applied to the redemption— Of bonds for the sinking-tfund. ... $73,652,200 00 Of frpctionnl currency. ... ... .... 251,717 41 0P the loan of IBbB. .. .00 0o 49,000 09 Of tdporary 10an.... .0 . 100 00 Of bpunty-land serip-............. 25 00 Of componnd-inteérest notes. ... . 16,500 00 O ißnotesol 64-"5.... .. 0.0 st 00 Of one and two-year n0te5........ 9,700 01 Of ()'fld depiand-notes. ..., ... 49 0) | 7 $78,968,087 41 The amount due the sinking-fund for this year was $,7,931,643.55. - Tacre was applied thepefo the sum of 573,904,617.41, being $£35,Q 7200586 in cxcess of the actual regquircments forithe year. : : . The aggeregate. of the revenues from . all sources during the fiscal year ended June 30, 188), was $333,526.61).495, an increase over the preceding year of $39,595,426.52. The receipts thirs tar, of the current year, together with thix estimated reeeipts for the remainder of thie year, - amount. to $350,000.000; which wijll be sufficient to meet the estimated expenditures of the year, and leave a surplus of 58P0,000.000, - : It is fortunate that this large surplus reveue ocours at a period when it may be directly pplicd to the paymoentof the public debt soon obe redeemable. No public duty has been Znnrc constantly cherished in the United States fthan the policy of paying the Nation’s debt as [rapidly as possible. - * /- -The debt of the United States, less cash in |-the Treasury and exclusive of accruing inter-. | est, attained its maximum of $2.156,431,571.43 in Augu-t, 185, and has since that time been reduced to $1,836,019,504.65. - Of the principal of the debt, %103,753,10) has been paid gince March 1. 1877, effecting an annual saving of interest of $6,107,695. The burden ot interest. has also been diminished by the sale of bonds bearing . a low rate of interest, and the application of the proceeds to the redemption of bonds bearing a higher rate. Thelannual saving thus sc- . ared sinee March 1, 1877, is 814,290,453.50. ' . Within a shoct.period over six hundred millions of five and- six per cent. bonds will become redeemable. This presents a very fa- - vorable opportunity not only to furthec reduce the principal of the debt, but also to reduce the rate of interest on that which will remain unpaid. I call.the attention of Congress to the yviews expressed on this subject by the ‘Secretary of the Treasury in his annual report, and recommend prompt legislation, to enable the Treasury Depurtment to complete the refunding of the debt which is about to mature. e : \

The continuance of specie payments has not been interrupted or endangered since the date of resumption. 1t has contributed greatly to the revival of business and to our remarkable prosperity. The fears that preceded and accompanied resumption have proved groundjess. No considerable amount of United States notes hayve been presented for redemption, while very large sums of gold biillion, both domestie and imported, are taken to the mints and exchanged for coin ornotes, The increase of coin and bullion in the United States since January 1, 1879, is.estimated at $227,399,428. There are still in existence, uncanceled, | 546,651,018 of United States legal-tender notcs.ri These noted were authorized as a war meas- ‘ ure, made| necessary by the exigencies of the conHtict inlwhich the United States was then | encaced. The preservation of the Nation's existence required, in the judgment of Con‘oress, an issue of legal-tender paper money. That it served well the purpose for which it was created id not questioned, but the em‘ployment of the notes as paper money indefinitely, after the accomplishment of the objeet for which they were provided, was not contemplated by the framers of the law under which they: were issued. These notes lonz since became like¢ any other pecuniary obligation of the Government—a debt to be paid, and, when paid, to be canceled as’' mere evidence of an indebtedness no longer existing. I therefore repeat what was said in the annual message of last year, that the retirvement from circulation of United States notes, with the capacity of legal-tender in private contraets, is'a step to be taken in our progress towards o sate and stable currency,which should be accepted as the policy and duty of the Government and the interest and security of the people. : ¢ : At the time of the passage of the act now in force requiring the coinage of silver dollars, fixing their value and giving them legal-ten-der character, it was believed by miany ot the supporters of the measure that the silver doltar, which it authorized. would speedily become, under the op®rations of the law, of equivalent value to the gold dollar. There were other supporters of the bill, who, while " they doubted as to the probability of this result, nevertheless were willing to give the proposed experiment a fair trial, with a view to stop the coinage, if experience should prove that the silver dollar authorized by the bill continued to be of less commercial value than the standard gold dellar.. 5 o The coinage of silver dollars, under the act referred to, began in March, 1878, and has been continued as required by the act. The average rate per month to the present time has been $2,276,492. The total amount coined prior to the first of November last was $72,847,750. Of this amount $47,084,450 remain in the Treasury, and only $25,763,291 are in the hands of the people. A constant effort has been made to.keep this currency in circulation, and considerable expense has been necessarily incurred for this purpose, but its return 5 the I'reasury is prompt and sure.. Contrary to the confident anticipation of the friends of the measure at the time. of its adoption, the value of the silver dollar, containing 412% grains of silver,has not increased. ‘During the year prior to the passage of the bill authorizing its coin‘age, the market value of the silver which it «contained was from ninety to ninety-two cents, a 8 compared with the standard gold dollar. During the last year the average market value —of the gilver dollar-has been eighty-eight and -a half ¢ents. i ; It is obvious, that the legislation of the last Congress in regard to silver, so far as it was ‘based on an anticipated rise in the value of silver as a result of that legislation,. has failed to produce the effect then predicted. The longer the law remains in force, requiring as it does the coinage of a nominal dollar, which, dn reality, is not’lfm dollar, the greater becomes 'the danger that this country will be forced to accept a single metal as the sole legal standard ofr value, in circulation, and this a stancard of less value than it purports to be worth in the recognized money of the world, fo The Constitution of the United States, sound financial principles, and our best interests, all require that the country should have as its lefgaletender money, both gold and silver coin, «of an intrinsic value, as bullion, equivalent to 'that which, upon its face, it purports to

possess. The Constitutian, in express terms, recognizes both gold and silver as the only true legal-tender money. To banish either of | these metals from our currency 'is to narrow and limit the circulating medium of exchange to the disparagement. of important interests. The Unitéd Statés produces more silver than any other‘country, and is directly interested in maintaining it as one of the two precious metals which furnish the coinage of the world. It willy in my judgment, contribute to this result if Congress will repeal so much of existing legislation as requires the coinage of silver dollars containing only 412'4 graing of silver, and in its stead will authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to coih gilver dollars of equivalent value as bullion with gold dollars. 'i‘his will defraud no man, and will be in accordanco with ffitmiltar precedents. Congress, on seyveral | occasions, has altered the ratio of value between gold and silver, in order to establish it more neurl{ in_accordance with the actual ratio of value between the two nietals. : " : In financial legislation every measure in the direction of greater fidelity in the discharge of pecuniary obligations, has been found: by experience to diminish the riites of interest which debtors are required to pay, and to increase the facility, with whichh’ money can be obtained for every logi‘timatt purpose.tOur own recent financial history shows how surely money becomes abundant. whenever confidence in the exact performance of moneyed obligations is established. I g { THE WAR DEP ARTMENT. -The Secretary of War reports that the expenditures of the War Depeartment for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1880, were $39,924,773.03. The appropriations for this Department, for the current fiscal year, amount to $41,993,630.40. : : o With respect to the Army, the Secretary invites attention to the fact that its strength is limited by statute (Section 1,115, Revised Statutes) to not more than 130,000 enlisted men;, but that provisos contained in appropriation bills have limited expenditures tothe enlistment of but 25,000. It is believed the full legal strength is the least possible force at. which the preeent organization can be maintained, having in view efliciency, discipline and economy. While the e¢nlistment of this force would add somewhat to the appropriation for pay of the army, the saving made in other respects would be more than an equivalent for this additional outlay, and the efficiency of the army would be largely increased. The rapid extension of the railroad system west of the Mississippi River, and the great tide of settlers which has tlowed in upon new territory, intpose¢ uvon the military an entire change of policy. Tane maintenance of small pusts along wagon. and stage routes of travel 1S no longer necessary. Permanent quarters at points selected, of & more substantial character than those heretofore constructed, will be required. Under existing Jaws, permanent buildings cannot be erected without the sanction of Congress, and when sales of military gites and buildings have been aunthorized, the moneys recéivedl have reverted to the Treasury, and could only become available through a new appropriation. ; It is recommended that provision be made, by a general statute, for the sule of such abandoned military posts and buildings as are found to be unnecessary, and for the application of the ;{mcceds to the construction of other posts. While many of the present posts are of but slight valwe for military purposes, owing to the changed condition of the country, their occupation is continued at great expense and inconvenience, because. they afford the only available shelter for troops. : . T'he absence of alarge number of officers of the line, in active duty, from their regiments, is a serious detriment to the main- } tenance of the service. The eonstant demand for smail detachments, each of which should } be commanded by a commissioned officery and the various details of officers for necessary service away from their cominands, occa- ! sions @ searcity in the number required for company duties. Witha view to lessening this drain to some extent, it is recommended that ‘ the law authorizing the detail of officers from the active list as professors of tactics and miii- \ tary science at certain collegies and universitiés, be so amended as toprovide that all such t dmu;',ls be made from the retived list of the army. : i

Attention is asked to the necessity of pro- ' viding by legislation for organizing, arming | and disciplining the active | militia .of the | country, and-liberal appropriations are recom- | mended in this behaif. 'he reports of the | Adjutant General ot the army and the Chief | of Ordnance touching this subject fully set | forthiits importance. i | The report of the officer in charge of ¢duca- | tion in the army shows that there are seventy- | eight schools now in operation in the army, | with an aggregate attendance of 2,305 enlisted E men and children. The Secretary recommends the enlistment of one hundred and fifty school- l masteis, with the' rank and pay of Commissiry | Sergeants. An appropriation is needed to supply the Judge Advocates of the army with ‘ suitable libraries, and the Secretary recom- { mends that the corps of Judpe Advoceates be | placed upon the same footing asto promotion, | with the other statf corps of the army. Under | the existing laws the Bureau of Military | Justice consists of one officer, the Judge Advo- l cate General, and the corps ot Judge Advo- ! cates, of eight ofticers of equal rank (Majors), | with a provision that the limit of the corps | shall remain at four, when reduced by casuual- | ty or resignation to that number. The con- | solidation of the Bureau of Military Justice, | and the corps of Judge Advocates, upon the | same buasis with the other staff corps of the | army, would remove an unjust discrimination | against ‘deserving officers, and subserve the | best interests of the service. l THE NATIONAL DEFENSES. Especial attention is asked to -the report of,l the Chief of' Engineers upon the condition of our National defenses. .From a personal inspection of many of the fortificatious referred to, the Secretary is able to emphasize the recommendations made, and to state that | their incompicte and defenseless condition is discreditable to the country: ‘While other Nuations have been inereasing their means for carrying on otfensive warfare and attacking maritime cities, we have been dormant ‘ in preparation for defense; nothing of importance .has been done towards strengthening and finishing our casemated works since our late civil war, during which the great guns ot modern warfare and the 'héavy armor of modern fortitications and ships came into use among the Nations, and our carthworks left, by a sudden failure of appropriations ‘» some years since, in all stages pf incompletion, are now being rapidly destroyed by the l elements. g . \ ! : | THE MISSISSIPPT AND COLUMBIA RIVERS. The two great Rivers of the North American Continent, the Mississippi and the¢ Columbia, have their navigable waters wholly within the limits of the United States, and are of vast importance to our internal and foreign commerce. The permanency of the!|important work on the South Pass of the Mississippi River seems now to be assured. |There has been no failure whatever in the maintenance of ‘the maximum channel during the six months ended August 9 last. This experiment has opened a broad, deep highway to the ocean, and is an improvement, upon the permanent success ot which congratulations may be exchanged among people abroad and at home, and especially among the communities of the Mississippi Valley, whose commercial exchanges float in an unobstructed channel safely to and from the sea. : A comprehensive improvement of the Mis-‘sissippi-and its tributaries isa matter!of transcendent importance. These greatwaterways comprise a system of inland trans%ortation spread like net-work over a large portion of the United States, and navigable to the extent of many thousands of miles. Producers and consumers alike have a common interest in such unequaled facilities for cheap transportation. eographically, commeéreially: and politically they are the strongest tie between the various sections of the country. These channels of communication and interchange are the property of the Nation. Its jurisdiction is paramount over their waters, and the plainest principles of public interest require their intelligent and careful supervision, with a view to their protection, improvement and the enhancement of their usefulness. | ‘The channel of the Columbia River, for a distance of about one hundred miles from its mouth, is obstructed by a succession of bars, which occasion serious delays in navigation, ‘and heavy expense for lighterage and towage. AdeFth of atleast twenty feet at low tide should be secured and maintained, to meet the requirements of the extensive and growing inland and ocean commerce it subserves. The most urgent need, however, for\ this great water-way is a permanent improvement of the channel at the mouth of the river. j From Columbia River to San Francisco, a distance of over 600 mileg, there is no harbor on our Pacific coast which can be approached during stormy weather. An appropriation of $150,000 was miade by the Forty-fifth Congress for the commencement of a breakwater and harbor of refuge, to be located at some Eoint_ between the Straits of Fuca and San rancisco, at which necessities of commerce, local and general, will be best accommodated. {The amount appropriated is thought to be &%uite inadequate for the purpose intended. The cost of the -work when finished, will be very great, owing to the want of n‘tural -advantages for a site at any point an the coast between the designated limits, and it has not been thought to be advisable to undertake the work without a larger appropriation. I commend the matter to the attention of 'Congress. : j ; NEW BUILDING. : o | . The completion of the new building for the War Department is urgently needed, and the estimates for continuing its construction are especially recommended. | }

MEDICAL MUSEUM LIBRARY. - .The collections of books, specimens and records constituting the Army Medical Museum and Library are of National importance. The library now contains about 51,500 voliumes, and 57,600 pamphlets relating to medicine, surgery and allied topics. The contents of the! Army Medical Museun consgist of 22,009 specimens, and are unique in -the com(fleteuqss with which both military surgery and the dis-. eases of armies are illustrated. Their destruction would be an irreparable loss, not | only to the United States, but to.tte world. There are filed in the record and pension division ~over 16.000 bound volumes of hospital . records, together with u great quantity of papers, embracing‘ the original records of the hospitals of m‘n" armies during the civil war. Aside from their historical value, these records are daily ‘ searched for evidence ncetled in the settlement of larze numbers of pension and other claims, for the protection of the Government | against attempted frauds, as well as for the benefit of homest claimants. These valuable collections are now in a building which is peculiarly exposed to the danger of "destruction by fire. It is therefore earncstly recommend:d that an appropriation be made for a new fire-proof building, adequate for the present needs and reasonable future expansion of these valuable collections. Such a building should be absolutely fire-proof ; no e_\'pendxture for mere architectural display 1s required. It is believed that a suitable structure can be ercceted at a cost not to exceed 250,000, ¢ . CAPTAIN-GENERAL OF THE ARMY. T commend to the attention of Congress the great services of the Commander-in-Chief of our armies during the war for the Union, whose wise. firm and patriotic conduct did so much to bring that momentous contlict to a close, The legisidtion of the United States contains many precedents for the recognition of distinguished military merit, authorizing rank and emoluments to be conferred for eminent services to the country. An act of Coneressauthorizing the appointment of a CaptainGeneral of the Army, with suitable provisions relating to compensation, retirement, and other details, would, in my judgment, be altogether fitting and proper, and would be warmly approved by the country. ; i THE.NAVY DEPARTMENT. | _The report of the Secretary ol the Navy exhibits the successful and satisfactory manage-. ment of that department during the last fiscal vear. The total expenditures for the year were $£12,916,639.45. leaving unexpended at the close of the year $2,141,682.23 of the amount of available appropriations. The appropriations for the present fiscal year ending June 39, 1831, are $15,095.051.45; and the total estimates for the next fiscal year ending June 30, 1882, lare £15,953,751.61. The amount drawn by warrant from July 1, 1880, to November 1, 1850, is 5,041,570.45. ~ The recommendation of the Secretary of the Navy. that provision be made for the establishment of some form of - civil Government for the people of ‘Alaska, is approved. At present there is no protection of persons or property in that Territory, except such as is afforded by the officers of the United States ship Jamestown. This vessel ‘was dispatched to Sitka, because of the fear, that without the immediate presence of the National authority, there was impending danger of anarchy. The steps taken to restore order have -been Bccepted in good faith by both white and Indian inhabitant’s, and the necessity for this method of restraint, does not, in my opinion, now exist. If, however, the Jamestown should be ‘withdrawn, leaving the people, as at present, without the ordinary judicial and administrative authority of organizéd local Government, serious conse luen(:.t?s might ensue. . The laws provide only for the collection of revenue, the protection of publie property, and the transmissions of the mails. The problem i 3 to supply a local rule for a population so scattered and so peculiar in its origin and -condition. The matives are reported to be teachable and self-supporting, and, if properly instructed, deubtless would advance rapidly. in civilization, and a new factor of Pprosperity would be added to the Nationgl life. |I, therefore, recommend the requisite legislation upon the subject. . The Secretary.of the Navy has taken steps towards the establishment of naval coalingstations at the Isthmus of Panama, to meet the requirements of our ¢ommercial relations with Central and South! America, which are rapidly growing in importance. Locations eminently suitable, both as regards our naval purpo:=es and the uses of commerce, have been selected, one on the east side of the isthmus, at Chirlqui Lagoon, in the Caribbean Sea, and ;. the oth'er on the Pacific coast, at the Bay of - Golfito. The only safe harbors, sufficiently commodious, on the isthmus, are at these - points, and the distance between them is less ‘ than one phundred iniles. The report of the - Secretary of the Navy concludes with valuable - suggestions with respect to the building up of our merchant-marine service, which deseryve the favorable consideration of Congress.

: POST-OFFICE DEPARTMENT. The report of the Postmaster-General exhibits the continual growth and the high state of efficiency of the postal :service. The operations of no department of the Government, perbaps, rvepresent with greater exactness the increase in the population and the business of the country. In 1860 the postal receipts were 85,518,067.40; in- 1880 the ‘receipts were $33,315,479.34. All the inhabitants of the country are directly and personally interested in having proper mail facilities, and naturally waich the Postsoitice very closely. This careful oversight on the part of the people has proved a constant stimulus to improvement. During the p st year there was an increase of 2,134 Post-oftices, and the mail routes were extended 27,177 miles, making an additional annual transportation of 10,804,1%1 miles. The revenues of the postal service for the ensuing year are estimated at $33,845,174.10, and the expenditureés at $42,475,952, leaving adeficiency to be appropriated out of the Treasury of $3,630.757.90. ; The Universal Postal Union has received the accession of almost all the countries and colonies of the world maintaining organized postal services, and it is confidently expected that all the other countries and colonies now outside the Union will soon unite therewith, thus realizing the grand idea and aim of the founders-of the Union, of forming, for purposes of international mail communication. a single postal territory embracing the world, with complete uniformity of postal charges, and conditions of international exchange for all descriptions of correspondence. Mo enalle the United States to do its full share of this great work, additional legislation 1s asked by the Postmaster-General, to whose recommendations especial attention is called. The suggestion of the Postmaster-General that it would be wise to encourage, by appropriate legislation, the-establishment of American lines of steamers by our own citizens, to carry the mails between our own ports and those of Mexico, Central America, South America, and of trans-Pacific countries, is commended to the serious eonsideration of Congress. < ; L ; The attention of Congress is also‘invited to the suggestions of the Postmaster-General in regard to postal savings. :

. THE FEDERAL COURTS. e Theinecessity for additional provision, to aid in the transaction of the business of the Federal Courts, becomes each year more apparent. The dockets of the Supreme Court, and of the! Circuit Courts, in the greater number of the’ circuits, are encumbered with the constant accession of cases. In the former court, and in many instances in the Circuit Courts, years intervene before it/is practicable to bring cases to hearing. The Attorney-General recommends the establishment of an intermediate court of errors and appeals. It is recommended that the number of Judges of the C.rcuit Court in each circuit, with the exception of the Second circuit, should be increased by the addition of another Judge; in the Second circuit, that two should be added; and that an intermediate Appellate Court should be formed in each -circuit, to consist ot the Circuit Judges and the Circuit Justice, and - that in the event of the a.bsencé‘of either of these Judges the place of the absent Judge should be supplied by the Judge of one,of the District Courts in the circuit. Such an Appellate Court could be safely invested with large jurisliction, and its decisions would satisfy suitors in many cases where appeals would still be allowed to the Supreme Court. The expense incurred for this intermediate court, will require a very moderate increuse of the appropriations for the expenses of the Department of Justice. This recommendation is commended to the careful consideration of Congress. Jt is evident that a delay of justice, in many instances oppressive and disastrous to suitors, now necessarily occurs in the Fedgrucli Courts, which will in this way be remeied. . ‘ THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. The report of the Secretary of the Interior presents an elaborate account 'of the operations of that department during the past year. It gives me great pleasure.to say that our Indian affairs appear to be in 2 more hopeful condition now than ever before. The Indians have made gratifying progress in agriculture, herding and mechanical pursuits. Many who were a few years ago in hostile conflict with the Government are quietly settling down on farms where they hope to- make their permanent homes, building houses and engaging in the occupations of civilized life. The introduction of the freighting business among them has been remarkably fruitful of good regults, in giving many of them congenial and remunerative employment, and in stimulating their ambition to earn their own support. Their honesty, fidelity and efliciency as curriers are highly praised. The organization of a police force of Indians, has been equally successful in maintaining law and order upon the

reservations, and in exercising a wholesome mo:al influence among the Indians themselves. I concur with toe Secretary of the Interior in the recommendation thatithe pay of| this force be .increased, as an inducement to the best cliss of young men to enter it. Much eare and attention has been devoted to the eniargement of educational faciiities for the Indians. The meaas available for this important object have'been very inadejudte. ~A tfew additional’ boarding sc¢hools at Indiaa agzencies have been established, and the. erection of buildings has been bezyun for several more, but an increase ofithe appropriations for this interesting undertaking is greatly needed to accommmodate the large number of indian children of schooluge. The number otfered by their parents from alfl parts of the country for education in the Government. gchools is much larger than can be accomimodated with the means at present available for | that purpose. The number of Indian pupils at | the Normal School 'at Hampton, Va., uuderJ the direction of General Armmstrong, has been considerably increased, and their progress is highly encuoraging. The Indian sehool established by the Interior Deparument.in 1379, at Carlisle, Pa., under the direction of Captain Pratt, has been equally-Buccessful. It has now nearly two hundred pupiis of both sexes, representing a great \'uriex§ of the tribes eastof the Rocky Mountains. The pupils in bjth these institutions receive not only an el;fmeumry ‘ Euglish education, but are aiso instructed inhousework, agricuiture aird useful mechanical | pursuits. A simiiar school was established | this year at Forest Grove, Ore., for the education of Indian youth on the Pacitie coast. In addition to this, thirty-six Indian boys and givls were selected from the Eastern Cherokees and placed in boarding-schools in North Carolina, where they are to receive an elementary English education and training in industrial pursuits. ;| ‘The interest shown by Indian parents, even' among the so-cailed wildtribes, in the education of their children is very gratifying, and -gives promise that the results accomplished by the efforts now muaking wiil be of lastingtbenetit. } The expenses of Indian education have s 0 far been drawn from the permanent civiliza-tion-fund at the disposal of the Department of the Interior; but the fund is now 80 much reduced that the continuance of this beneficial work will in the fulure jdepend on gpecific- appropriations by Congress for the ‘purpo=e, and I venture to express the hope that Congress will not permit institutions so fruittul of good results to perish for want of neans for theirsupport. Onthe contrary, an increase of the number of such schools appears to me highly advisable. ¢ The past year has been unusually free from disturbances among the Indian tribes. An agreement has been made with the Utes, by which they surrender their large reservation in Colorado in consideration of an annuity, to be puid to them, and’agree to settle in severalty on certain lands designated for that purpose, as farmers, ‘holding individual title totheir land in fee-simple; inalienable for a certain period. In this way a cestly Indian war has been zwoided}( which, at one time, seemed imminent, andj for the first time in the history of the country, an Indian nation has given up its tribal existence to be settled in severalty, and to live as individuals under the cpmmon protection of ‘the laws of the country. The conduct of the Indians throughout the country. during the past year, . with but few noteworthy exceptions, has been ovderly ahd peaceful. The guerilla warfare carried on for two years by Victoria and his baad of :Southern Apaches ‘has virtually come to an end by the death or that Chief and most of his ‘followers, on Mexi~can soil. The disturbances caused |on ‘our ‘ northern frontier by Sitting Bull and his men, - who bad taken refuge .in the British dominions, are also likely to cease. A large majority t of his followers have surrendered to our military forces, and the remainder are apparently in progress of disintegration. | : I concur with the Secretary of the Interior in expressing the earnest hope that Congress - will at_this session take favorable action on the bill providing for the allotment of lands I.ml the ditferent reservations in severalty to the Indians, with patents conferring fee-sim- | ple title inalienable for a certain period, and ! theseventual disposltion of the residue of the reserviations, for general settlement, with the . consent and for the benefit of the Indians, placing the latter under the'equal protection - of the laws of the country. This measure, to- . gether with a vigorpus prosegution of our ed- ! ucational effor:s, will work the most important - and eiffective advance toward the solution of ' the Indian problem, in preparing tfor the gradual merging of our Indian population in the - great bud;' of 'American citizenship.

; PUBLIC LANDS. | A large increase is reported in the disposal .| of public lands for settlement during the past ' year, which marks the prosperous growtn of | our . agricultural industry, and a vigorous | movement of population toward our uneccu- | pied lands. As this movement proceeds, the | codification of our land laws, as well as proper | legisiation to regulate the disposition of pub- | lic lands, become of more pressing necessity, | and I therefore invite the conpsideration of | Congress to the report and the accompanyiag | draft of a bill, made by the Public Lands Com- | mission,; which were communicated by meito | Congress: at the last session. Early act-on upon this important subject is highly desirai ble. - | The attention of Congress is azain asked to | the wasteful depredations committed on our public timber lands, and the rapid and indis- | criminate .destruction of our forests. : The | urgent necessity for legislation to this end is | now generally recognized. In view of the lawless character of the depredations cummit-i ted. and the disastrous conseguences which will inevitably follow their continuance, legis- | lation has again and again been recommended | to arrest the evil, and to preserve for the | people of our Western States and Territories \ the timber needed for domestic and otaer es- { sential uses. . , GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. | The report of the Director of the Geological Survey is a document of unusual interést. The consolidation .of the various geological and geographical surveys and exploring enterprises, each of which has heretofore operated upon an independent plan, without concert, cannot fail to be of great benefit to all those industries of the country which depend upon the development of our mineral resources. The labors ~ of the scientific men, of recognized merit, who compose the Corps of the Geological Survey, during the first season of their field operations and .inquries, appear to have been very comprehensive, and will soon be’ communicated to Congress in a number of volumes. The Director ot the Survey recommends that the investigations earried on by his bureau, which, so far, have been contined to the so-called public-land - States and Territories, be extended over the entire country, and that the necessary appropriation be made for this purpose. This'would be particularly beneficial to the iron, ¢oal and other mining interests of the Mississippi Valley, and of the Eastern and Southern States. The subjeet is commended to the careful considera\tion of Congress. : - PUBLIC BUILDINGS: The Secretary of the Interior asks attention to the want of room in the public buildings of the Capital, now existing and in progress of construction, for the accommodation of the clerical force employed, and of the public records. Necessity has compelled the renting of private buildings in different parts of the city for the location of public offices, for which a large’ amount of rent is annually paid, while the separation of oflices belonging t 8 the same departments impedes the transaction of current business. The Secretary suggests that the blocks furrounding Lafayette Square, on the east, north and west, be purchased as the sites tor new edifices, for the accommodation of the Goverpment offices, leaving the square itself intact; and that, if such buildings were constructed upon a har~monious plan of architecture, they would add -much to the beauty of the National Capital, and would, together with the Treasury and the new State, Navy and War Department building, form one of the most imposing groups of publie edificesin the world. - AGRICULTURE, ETC. The Commissioner of Agriculture expresses the confident belief that his efforts in behalf of the production of our own sugar and tea have been encouragingly rewarded. The importance of the results attained have attracted marked attention at home, and have received the special consideration of foreign. Nations. The successtul cultivation of our own tea, and the manufacture of our own sugar, would make a difference of many millions of dollars annually in the wealth of the Nation. The report of the Commissioner asks attention particularly to the continued prevalence of an infectious and contagious cattie-disease, known and dreaded in Europe and Asia as cattle-plague, or pleuro-pneumonia. A mild type of this disease, in certain sections of our country, is the occasion of great 10ss to our farmers, and of serious disturbance te our trade with Great Britain, which furnishes a market for most of our live-stock and dressed meats. The value of neat cattle exported from the United States for the eight months ended Au¥ust 31, 1880, was more than twelve million dollars, and nearly double the value forthe same period in 1879, an unexampled increase of export trade. Your early attention is solicited to this important matter. EDUCATION. The Commissioner of Education reports a continued increase of public interest in educational affairs, and that the public schools generally throughout the country are well sustained. Industrial training is attracting deserved attention, and colleges for instruction, theovetical and practical; in agriculture and the mechanic arts, including the Government schools recently established for the in-

struection of Indian yon%, are gaining steadily in public estimation. The Cominissioner asks special attention to the depredarions com{nittedjon the lands reserved for the future su port of public instruction, and to the very greatineed of help from the Nation: for schools in the-Territories and in the Southern States. The recommendation heretofore made, is repeat¢d and urged. that an educational fund be sbt apart from the net proeceds of the sales of the public lands annually, the income of which, and the remainder ot the net. annual proceeds, to be distributed on some satisfactory plan to the States and Territories and the Districtof Columbia. . g e DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 77 The ;success of the public schools of the Distri¢t of Columbia, and the prozress made, under the intelggent direction of * the Board of Education and the Superintendent, in supplying’ the edugational requirements ot the District with ttéjoroughly trained and eflicient | teachers, is very gratifying. The acts of . Congress, from [time to time, donating public [landsto 'the sewveral States and Territories in aid of educational interests, have. proved to be wise ‘measures: of public polic{, resulting in great and lasting benetfit. £ would seem to be a matter of simple justice to extend the benefits of this legislaticn, ‘the wisdom of which has been so fully vindicated by experience, to the District of Columbia. I ngain commend the general interests of the District of Columbia to the favorable consideration of C(ongress. The affairs of the" ‘District, as shown by the report of the Com?_xissioneq. are in a very satisfactory condiion. In my annual messages heretofore, and my - gpecial message of December 19, 1879, I have urged upon Congress the necersity of reclaiming the marshes of the Potomac adjacent to the Capital, and I am constrained by its importance to advert, again to the subject. These tiats embrace an area of several hundred acres. They are an |impediment to the drainage of the city | and seriously impair .its health. It isbelieved that, with this substantial improvement of its river front, the Capital would be, in all respects, one of the most ‘attractive cities in the world. Aside from its permanent population, this city is necessarily the. place ot residence of persons from every section of the counfry engaged in the public service.| Many others reside here tem_porarily, for thee transaction of business with the Government. : ; ! . It should not be forgotten that the land acquired will probably btta worth the cost of redeeming it, and that the nayigation: of the river will be g{'e;nly improved. 1 therefore again invite thie attention of Congresgs to the importance of prompt provision for this muchneeded and too-long-delayed improvement. ‘“The water supply of the city i 3 inadequate. In addition to the ovdinary use throughout the city, the consuinption by Governnient is neces--Barily very great in the navy-yard, arsenal,and the various departments, and a large quantity i is required for the proper preservation of the numerous parks and the cleansing of sewers. | I recommend| that this subject receive the early attention of Congieas, and that, in mak- [ ing provision for an increased supply, such means 'be adopted as will have in tview the future growth of the city. Temporary expedients for such a purpoese cannot but bewasteful of money, and therefore unwise. | A more ampie reservoir, with corresponding facilities for keeping it filled, should, in my judgment, be constructed. | commend again to the attention of Congress. the subject ofl the removal from their present location of ‘the depots ot the several railroads entring the city; and 1 renew the ‘recommfp ia [ons of my former messages in behalf of'the prection of a building for the ‘ Congressional Library, the completion of the Washington (Monument, and of liberal appropriations in support of the benevolent, reformutory and penal institutions of the District. - o RuTHERFORD B. HAYES. EXECUTIVE | MANSION, December 6, 1580,

: ‘ I el e | Secretary .Sherman’s Report. | TREASURY DEPARTMENT, | ; WASHINGTPN, D. C., Dec. 6, 1880. { The ordjnmiy revenues, from all sourc¢es for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1880, were §335,~ 526.610:98, - | L : ' The ordinary expenditures for the same period were '5267.“42.”5?.78,"h-m"ing a surplus revenue of 1565.b‘83,65:—3.20. which, with -an amount drawn from cash balance jn Treasury of ¥8.084,434.21, making $73 963,087.41, was applied to the redemption of bonds, fractional currency, loan ot 1558, temporary loan, boun-ty-land scrip, compound:interest notes, 7.50 notes of 1864+t5, one and two-year notes, and old demand notes. - : . The amount due the Isinkinsr fund for this year was $37,931,643.,55. There was applied thereto. from the redemption of bonds and fractional carrency, as shown in the above statement, the sum qt $73,904,617.41, an excess of $35,972,975,56 over the amount actually required for the year. ; : " The requirements of the Sinking-fund law have. been substantially observed,; and the principal of the public debt, less cash in the Treasury and exclusive of acciuing interest, has .been reduced from $2,755,431,571.43, its highest Eoin , which it reached on. August 31, 1865, to § 1.595.0:5,74059, on November 1, 1850—a reduction of] $856,405,830.54. i ~(Jompured‘hvith ‘the previous fiseal year, the receipts for 1880 have increased $62,620,438.23, The expenditures show an’ increase over the previous yedr of $25,190,360.48. i | [ REFUNDING. f : A large portion (3637,350,630) of the publie debt becomes payabie or redeemable on or before July 1, next. ' e The Secrefary recommends that provision be made forthe issue -of an amoun# not ¢xceeding $40).0)0,000 of Treasury notes in denominations not less than ten dollars, bearing interest notiexceeding four per cent. per annum, and running from one to ten years, to ‘be sold at not .less: than par, the amount maturing during any year not to exceed the = sinking-tund for that year, and the- proceeds to be applied to 6 the payment of five and six per cent. bonds, maturing in 1881. It is also .recommended that authority be given to sell at par an amount not ‘exceeding £400,000,000 of bondsof the character and description of the four per cent. bonds of tue United States now outstanding, but bearing a rite of interest not exceeding three and sixty-five one-hundredths per cent. ‘per annum, and redeemable at the pleasure of the United States after fifteen years, the proceeds to be applied to-the payment cf bonds redeemable on or before July 1, 1881.

Lo L RESUMPTEON. ; Nothing has occuyred since my last annual report to disturb or| embarrass the easy maintenance of specie- payments. United States. notes are readily taken at par with coin in all parts of this country and in the chief commerecial marts of the world. The balance of coin in the Treasury ayailable for their redemption on the first day of November last was $141.597,013.61, | and- the average during the year has not materially varied from that sum: The only noticeable change in the reserve is the gradual increase of silver coin caused by the coinage of the silver dollar and the redemption of fractional silver coin. The amount of notes presented for redemption for one year prior to November 1, 1880, was $708,658. The amount of coin or bullion deposited in the Treasury, assay office, and the mints, during the same period was $71,396,555-, .67. These deposits have usually been paid for in coin, throngh the clearing house, but at tim¢s, when the currency in the Treasury would allow, and at the request of the depositors, they have been paid for in United States notes and silver certificates. Gold coin now entérs largely into general circulation. The total coin in the Treasury, at the close of business, November 1, was $218;710,154, of which $141,597,013.61 constituted the reserve-fund for the redemption of United States notes, ag' above stated. : UNITED STATES NOTES. = United States notes are now,in form, security and convenience, the best circulating medium known. The objection is made that they are. issued by the Government, and that it is not the business of the Government to furnish paper-money, but only to coin money. 'The answer is, that the Government had to borrow money, and is still in debt. The United States note, to the extent. that it is willingly taken by the people, and can, beyond question, be maintained att par in goin, lis the least burdensome form of debt. The loss of interest in maintaining the resumption-fund, and the cost of printing and engraving the present amount of United States notes, are less than one-half the interest on an.equgal sum of four per cent. bonds. The public thus saves over seven millions dollars of annual interest, and secures a safe and convenient medium, K of exchange, and has the assurance that a sufficient reserve in eoin will be retained in the Treasury beyond the temptation of diminution, such as always attends reserves held by banks. Another objection to the issue of United States notes is, that they are made a legaltender in/ the payment of debts. The question of the constitutional power of Congress to make them such is one for another brauch of the Government. The Secretary of the Treasury isstill of the opinion that this quality of legal tender does not add to the usefulness, safety, or circulation of United States notes. So far as it excites distrust and opposition to this form of circulating-noies it iz a detri‘ment. The fear that a withdrawal of this attribute will contract the currency is as delusive as was the fear that resumption would ‘haye a like - effect. The nctes would Btill be received and Baid: out by the Government, and, like bank-notes, "would not. be |refused in payment for debts while they were redeemable and prompt- | R’ redeemed in coin on presentation. - As the quality of legal-tender was attachéd to l‘these notes when first issued, and was then

essential to their value and circulation, the public mind is sensitive;when any proposition is ' made that by pogsibility might impair, their value, but it is their re({em"pn(m-‘-i«n coin that ‘makes theém now. equal to- coin and of rea(%’y : circulation in all: the marts of the world. While this i3S maintained it becomes compar- - atively immaterial ‘whether they are a legaltender or not, and if by the action of Cougress - wr the Courts they are deprived of this quality they lwill still -be the favorite money of the . people. s o e Another objection to United States notes is, that the amount ot the issue may be enlarged by Congress, and that this power- is liable to abuse. This objection may be made to all the great ¢ssential powers of the Government. A suflicient answer is that, since their first issue they have been carefully limited in amount, ' and invested with every quality to improve their value.and circulation. . Every effort to . increase the amount, made during a period of great depression, failed.. Now that they are redecmable in coin thefe is no temptation for over-issue. i e e ‘COINS AND QOINAGE: = v The coinage executed -at the mints -durin%. e the fiseal year bas exceeded: in value tl{utt O any previous -year since the organization of | the Government. Its total amount, not in- A cluding the minor coinage, ‘was $84,100,172.50, of whieh .it . 18 estimated $62 00,000 was probably from domestic and '521,000,000 from imgorted bullion. . = .o s - el The deposits of gold -during ‘the last 'fiscal yvear amounted to $98,835,086.85, . being $56,680,940.05 in excess of that in. the. previous year, = notwithstanding -a° probable. slightly dimin- | ished domestic produétion. . Out ot a total import at the port of New York of £00,947.672 of tforeign-gold coin-and: bullion, $60,584,395.13 werc deposited at the New York assay office, and there exchanged for United States coin or bars, or for current money:. . S The ¢oin cireulation of the country on Janu- . ary 1,1879, the dite ‘fixed for resumption; is * estimated from the statisties of.coinage and ;\.x,cvss of imports of coinover exports, to have. een: . . : : B - ‘ United States gold coin... i, 0. $278.271,707 . United States gold bullon.. . iveens 5,033,419 United States silver‘coin.. . ....,.... 916,713 United States silver bu11i0n......... 11,U57,091 T0ta1........ii e o 20 SaBARES ) This had increased, on the 20th of June last, by coinage and imports of coin, to: =~ United States golit CoiNL...ovie.. . ... $358,058.601 United States silver c0in...i........ 142,597,020 o MetalL ke et S SRS This was further .increased. from coinage and importg, during.‘thre four months, to November 1, by: SR B Coaeal | Cointige of Zold. | [..... 55 v, s 5145HA.599 = - Excess of imports over éxports of ' e United States gold c0in:..:v.....7. 1,820,591 ' Total .. .....chiaisoaiiaav s SII d6b 11 0 | Coingge of silver. .. ioiiiaii, =0 $9,113.000 | Excess of imports over exports. of i+ ' - | United States silver-c0inm;.....i... - 85T,624 L Wetal Lot | There was inthe mints and assay-offices on | the 15t of Novembor bullion held for ¢oinage L amounting to- $78,558,5811:55 of gold, and $6,l 043 367.37 of silver, making the total coin cir- | | culation and bullion: availible for ¢oinage in | the country of: 7. =" S . ; Goldy ... ..o eil 8105 082 6 ) (41 or R B el i e s L Otall . B e ] : STANDARD-SILVER DOLLAR. E | Inecomplinnce with the provisions'of the act l of February 28, 1878, during the last fiscal year ¢ 24,262,571.88 standard ounces .of silver bullionf} | costing $24,972,161.8L.(an uverage of $2,081,013~ .43 per month), were paurchased, of which 24,(05,568.41 - ounces’ were -¢oined. into 27,933,750 standard-silyer- dollars. . The total coinage of i standard-silver doliars sincethe passage of the | act, up to November.l, 1880, has bheen. $72,847,~ i 150, at which date $47,084,450- were in the Treas- ‘ ury. Of the datter amount- $19,780,241 were | represented by outstanding silver certificates, { the amount in actual circulation at' that date . | being $25.763,201. - i Geie gy i Since the passage.of: that act the Depart- ! ment has issued numerous circulars and . | motices to the public,in which it has offered | | every imnducement which it could under the i law to facilitate the general distribution and | circulation ot these coins. It has required | United States disbursing oflicers to.pay them ; out in-payment for salaries and for other cur- ! rent oblizations, and: it has offered 'to place | the silver in the hands of ‘the people through= fout the United States without ¢éxpense for | transportation, when sent by express, and at lan c¢xpense for registration-fee only, when | sent by registered mail.” . e e i Notwithstanding these efforts, it is found to ! be difficult to maintain in" eirculation more - | than thirty-five per.cent. of the amount coin- [ ed. While it special’'seasons of the year, and | for special purposes, this ¢oin is|in demand, i mainly in the South, it returns :Jgui’n ‘to the- - Treasury, and its reissue involves an expense [ for transportafion at an average rate of one- | third of one per cent. each time:. - Unlike gold i coin’ or United States notes, it does not, to the same extent, form a ‘part gf the permanent | eireulation, everywhere acceptabile, and, when | lowing into the Treasury, easily paid out with | little or no cost of transgportation. The reasons { for this popular® discrimination -against the i silverdollarares & e el :

1. Tt is too bulky for large transactions, and ite use is confined: mainly to payments for manual labor and for'market purposes or for change. The amount needed for these purposes .is -already in excess. of the probable demand. t e : 2. It is known'to contain a quantity of gilver of less market yalue than the gold in gold coin, This fact would not impair the circulation -of such limited amount as experience shows to be convenient for use, but it does prevent its being held or hoardedl as reserves, or exported, and pushes it into aetive circulation until it returns to ‘the -Treasury, as the least valuable and desirable mone y in use. For these reasons the Seeretary respectfully but .earnestly recoramends that the further compulsory coinage of the silver dollar be suse pended, or, as an alternative, that the numbes of grains of silver in‘the doliar be increased so as to make-it equal in harket value to the gold doliar,-and that its eoinage be left as othet coinage to the Seceretary of the Treasury ox the Dirveéctor of the Mint, to: depend wupon the demand sfor 'it by . the public for ¢onvenient circulation. = - . st - The average cost of the silyer in a standard doliar, as shown by the purchases for the Governnient from the date of the Resumption actto this time, measured by.the gold standard, is . $0.906, or in a ratio of ‘1 to-17.64¢. Upaon this ratio. a silver -"dollar, ‘in ‘order to be of equal value to 4.g01d dollar, should contain 4553 grains. AS ‘the ‘expense of ‘coining a silver dollar is egual to the value of about five grains of standard silver bullion, it is confidently believed that a silverdolliar containing 450 graing, based upon a ratio of one of gold to about 17.5 of silver, could be safely coined, as demanded for use or’exportation, without demonetizing gold or distarbing contracts or business, and with great advantage to the silver-mining interests of our country. Upon the factd stated, it would seém to bé wise policy now, in the spirit of the. Constitution, to regulate by law the coin-value of the two metals so as Lo conform to the market ratio. . ‘NATIONAL BANKS., ' The capital stock of the National Banks on October 1, 1880,-was $457,5653,850; surplus, $120,518,5683; and the total circulation outstanding, $343.949,808. . o e S National Banks are organized in every State of the Union except Mississippi, and in every Territory except Arizona; and the total numger in operationis 2,095, which is the greatest t.umber that ha‘s been in operation at any one ime. : . Ji ‘ The capital stock 'of the National Banks is $47,000,000 less and the surplus nearly §14,000,000 less than. ‘at the corresponding date in -1875. The loans of the banks at the date-of their last returns were £1,037,000,000, and the individual dggqsi‘ts $873,060,000, the highest points .reached since the organization of the system, the loans being $207,000,000 greater and the individual depo its $253.000,000 greater than in Oectober, 1878, while the capital and surplus at the previous date were $5,000,000 in excess of their present gamounts, o Lo o ! - The individual deposits and the public, private and bank deposits, not deducting the amount due from - banks and the amount of the-elearihg—house exchanges, have increased more than $322,000,000, and amoiint to the unprecedented sum of $1,155,000,000. - ) “The National Banks hold nearly $200,000,000 ‘of United States bonds, which will mature on or before July next. = ° o : - The whole amount of United States bonds held by the National Banks as securilt)g for circulation and for other purposes is’ $403,369,350, and the average amount ot cafiital invested by the State banks, savings-banks, and private bankers for the six months ending May 381, 1880, as shown by thereturns to this. Department for purposes of taxation, is $228,053,104, making & total of $631:422,4b64. . . - . The profit upon circulation, to the National Banks, at the present price of bonds in the market is estimated not to .exceed 1l per cent. upon the capital invested, and the amount of State and National taxes is more gmn 4 per cent. upon the amount of circula~ On. o i i e ) . The National-Banking system. has fully realized all the expectations of its founders.. It hus furnished a %afe currency, of uniform ecir< culation, carefully guarded against_counterfeiting, protected by ample reserves, and promptly redeemed both at the banks and the I'reasury. No other legislation in respect to these important corporations: seems. to be required at the present session. - Ji