Ligonier Banner., Volume 15, Number 24, Ligonier, Noble County, 30 September 1880 — Page 7

American Newspapers and 'American : Education.

This is the title of a paper read before the recent Social Science Association at Saratoga, N. Y., by Prof. J. M, Gregory, President of the Illinois State, University. The Associated Press furnishes the following abstract of the paper : ; L o - The American newspaper is the best index of American life and the fairest representative of the people. Whoever would form a correct estimate of the spirit, genius and life of Americans must study the newspapers. O©Our virtues, our vices, our thoughts and opinions, our politics, our trade, our push and . pride, our weakness, strength, creeds, customs and civilization are all imaged in-our mem'(Ka‘ble periodical publications. - The American newspaper has no rival on earth” in the volume and variety of its issues. More than 8,000 papers appear each week from our newspaper press ; more than a thousand million copies. are’ circulated annually: * They cover the whole field of human thought and interests;; every department of <business, manufacture and trade has its advertiser. Social, scientific, moral, educational, religious, political and charitable societies and organizations publish newspapers devoted to their interests and filled with their ideas. But stating the number of news-: papers does not tell the whole story. One must note ;well the great army of ‘writers who. {ielp to fill their columns +—the editors, assistants, reporters, correspondents, ecritics, and contributors -of all . kinds, which, paid and wunpaid, includes & large proportion of the talent of the country. The best brain of the Nation. speaks through newspapers. The latust and’ freshest thought of the people is to be sought in the last paper issued. Malice, meanness, fanaticism, folly, falsehood, and fraud which mix with our daily life cannot be shut out from the paper. But truth, wisdom, practical sénse and love of public good, solid learning and codrageous criticism are also in force in the newspapers, so that we may easily forget the bad elements which mingle with them. .

It is the business of social science .to take account of all great public forces,. to mark their exact character and tendencies, and to learn their amount and direction of power for good orevil. The: newspapet is at once the product and exponent of the American mind. No better, no worse, the good probably ex-cedds-the bad in the newspaper in a lyrger/proportion than among the people,dor vices seek seclusion, not publicity. In.no other country does the newspaper exercise such a power as ‘in America. Americans live, work and think through the newspaper. Acting as alpubliczconscience, it places its seal of shame or honor-upon each ehapter of our’history.as it transpires.” No American forgets it. It -watches to rdward the good and punish the bad. Good men trust it, and bad men fearit. The powser of the newspaper is not the mere/ force of printed thought; it is thel embodied power of the public life of the day. Each reader feels that he is surrounded by an’ unseen multitude who are reading the same lines, and he grows excited with imagined responses. - All the forces of current history prove themselves throtigch the press.- Force n¢yer remains idle. It is impossible that so gigantic a force as the American neiyspaper should exist. without exerting a corresponding influence upon the character, affairs’ and destinies of the entire people. All things educate s. Country, climate. scenery and society, business and ‘pleasure, and environmentserect a power on our minds and -characters. - *While few have deeply considered the depth and extent of the influence of the newspaper, few will deny it. A free press is necessary to the complétement of free schools. Without schiools ‘the press would lack readers. Without the press scholarship would fail of half its .uses. The newspaper is _a public agent. It offers to the people for pay certain services and on this work as advertising agent and public herald it‘depends for its support. But to reckon it only as a public enterprise . would insult public intelligence as.much -a8 it would trifle. with public interests and rights. In its public character the _paper: enters into the ranks of ‘the world’s teachers. Education has two chief ‘factions; culture, or discipline, and knowledge, The one comes by fit exercise or training; the other by whatever furnishes information, by observation, by reflection, and most of all, by reading. With all our schools we could _never be. an;intelligcent people without newspapers. - They are the people’s libraries, the cyclopedia of the millions. ‘Schools and professional men must read books, but wo, wo to them if they read not the newspapers. Even the fragmentary and ephemeral character of its articles lends additional charm, if not additional utility, to it. The freshness and variety of the articles lure the readeron. It talks to men of their business, their political party, thir’chuph, themselves. The men it describes jare: their contemporaries, their neighbbrs. It thus adds something of dign_iﬁ}J to ‘their daily lives. o |

The newspaper of to-day chronicles . movements of thought as well as those of men and nations. All find a place in these perpetual schools and text-books of popular learning. Facts will sustain ~ this estimate of the educating power of the newspaper.: Other things bein equal the man or family who take ang read a good newspaper will be more intelligent than neighbors who do not. _Lift from the American people the for~eign importations of the non-readin - masses and the remainder will be f@ounﬁ the best read and most intelligent, pop--ulation of the globe. o o The newspaper is not advoeated as a substitute for schools, but as a complement to them. The American press, directed by men of educational minds, will find their ways into! the schoolrooms. The scholars will be taught - their use and furnish them more interested and intelligent readers.. ' Let the gigantic force of the newspaper be turned upon the work of popular education. Let the schools introduce this new text-book and,we have at work an” » agency never surpassed to make an enlightened and free people.

—A Massachusetts boF, about as high a 8 the counter recently came into a book store and asked for ‘‘a book for ten cents with a murder in it.”"

' FARM AND FIRESIDE. —A cup of hot water taken at bedtime is the best remedy for sleeplessness. o —An excellent grease for wagons may be made of one pound of tallow, a quarter of a pound of castor oil and a quarter of a pound of black lead. Melt the tallow and-grind the whole together until cold and well mixed. —Settling Coffee.—After using the ‘white of an. egg to settle coffee one is frequently puzzled to dispose of the yelk. If it is beaten and stirred into the milk designed for the coffee, it will so closely resemble cream that few will notice the difference. ~—To Stew Carrots.—Half boil, then nicely scrape and slice them into a stew pan. Put to them half a teacupful of any weak broth, some pepper and salt and half a cupful of cream; simmer them till they are very tender, but not broken. Before serving up rub a very little flour with a bit of butter and warm up with them. i

: —The Prairie Farmer wisely advises farmers to eat more mutton and less pork. It declares that mutton 1s thecheapest and the healthiest Kind of meat, and with the.exception of poultry, the most convenient meat for the farmer. A sheep is easily killed and dressed by « single hand in an hour, and in the warmest weather it can be disposed of hefore it spoils. s —A Nice Dessert off Apples.—Pare and weigh two pounds green apples. Cut therd insmall pieces and drop them in rich sirup:made of a pound and a quarter of suzar and a little water. As soon as the sirup begins to boil add the juice and grated rind of one large lemon or two small.ones. Boil till the apples become a solid mass. Tuarn ont in &, wet mold to stand till cold. Serve on a dish surrounded with boiled custard, or eat with seasoned cream. v

—One of the first things necessary in the education of a child intended to be a farmer is the cultivation of the habit of observation. With the habit once formed he never becomes stupid, because he is busy seeing things and reflecting over what he has' observed. This faculty is especially necessary while preparing the soil and watching the erowth of crops. In farming the conditious of things are so various and the process often so hidden that we constantly find something new to add to our knowledge and increase our skill. —French Rolls.—Ta one pint of scalded milk add half cup sugar and one tablespoon of butter. When the milk is cool add a little salt and one compressed yeast cake, ‘Let it rise till light, then work with the hand and letit rise again. Do this three times, then turn the dough on to the board and pound until it is thin enough tocut. Cut with a tumbler and brush the surface of each with melted butter, then fold over. Let the rolls lise again, then bake. .

—Rest would cure half the accidents that horses receive, but people will not give it to them because it ¢osts money. A pat horse of mine had a-very bad sprain, consequent on a groom’s disobedience; his leg was almost as useless as though it were broken; he was seen by many veterinaries and pronounced incurably injured. I was advised to sell him or kill him. . I did neither. I had his plates taken off, put him into thelargestlooseboxlhave—-one eighteen feet by thirteen feet—with straw up to his knees; and then giving him no treatment except cold water bandages, kept him doing nothing for a year, gently walking him about on the soft paths of my woods when it was fine weather. He recovered entirely after twelve month’s rest, and now he is ready to jump over the moon, and the only hard task is' to make him not gallop.—Exchange. - v —A good white or silver cake may be made with the whites of six eggs, scant three-fourths of a cup of butter, one and a half cupfuls of puiverized sugar, two cupfuls of fleur, essence of lemon to llavor, and one teaspoonful of baking powder. Mix the baking powder well with the flour and pass it through the sieve several times to distribute it equally. . Beat the -butter to a light cream and add the flour to it, stirring it in gradually with the ends of the fingens until it is a smooth paste. Beat the whites of €he six eggs to a stiff froth, and mix thenl in with the pulverized sugsr; now stir the ege and sugar gradually into the flour and butter, adding also the lemon essence,.and. mix it smoothly together with an egg-whisk. As soon as smooth put it into a moderately heated oven. When done and still hot- it may be frosted with good effect.

Disposing of Grain Stubble. ' . ~ln many portions of the West the practice of burning stubble before the land is—replowed or mown is general. In.other places it.is customary to plow it under if the land is to be again sown with grain, ‘and to allow it to remain as a protection to the young clover and grass if a crop of hay is to be cut the following year. Farmers who plow under stubble do it with the understanding that they are restoring to the soil a considerable amount of fertilizing matetial; that is lost if the stubble is burned. ' In. point of fact the stubble of grain contains very little material aside from ]%(’)tash ‘that is beneficial to prairie soils." he potash is restored whether the stubble is burned or covered. The remainder of the straw is chiefly carbon, with which the soil is bountifully supplied. Stubble interferes with the action of the plow, and when turned under seems to render the soll too loose for a good seed bed. :

Hard clay soils ‘are benefitted mechanically by turning under stubble, and they are improved to some extent chemically, as such soils are generally deficient in carbon. By burning stubble many seeds and insects are destroyed and the potash it contains is rendered immediately available for the growth of plants. There is some danger in burning stubble fields, but if a favorable time is chosen the degree of danger is very slight.’ Grain stubble is of some benelitin protecting your grass and clover during the winter. It assists in holding the snow and in breaking the force of the wind. If suffered to remain standing, however, it will interfere with the action of the mowing machine and rake when the hay is being harvested the coming season. . Few things take the edge from a scythe or cutting-blade quicker than grain stubble.— Chicago Témes. ‘

: Men and Horses. THE 156-hour race between men. and horses, at Chicago, last week, ended in a victory for man. Byrne, a new pedestrian, who is scarcely twenty yet, scored 542 miles as his six-day record, and stopped Saturday with a score of 578 miles. - The lea&ing horse finished ten miles behind him. The Chicago papers call the contest a ‘‘great’ one, of course, but without finding fault with that, it may be said that they are quite in error in describing it as ‘the first of the kind ever given.”” Last October there was a similar contestin San Francisco, but then a horse won, with a sixday record of 559 miles. However, the list of such contests —we believe there have been others—is happily, a’ brief one, and, stepping outside of it, there are authentic records of remarkable rides which are far more interesting than such objectless dispiays of grim endurance as the Chicago performance. In 1847 General J. €. Fremont and two companions covered 800 miles across a roadless and mountainous country in 158 hours, only 100 of which were spent in the saddle. Of course they had a frequent change of horses, those not under saddle being driven ahead and las soed when wanted. Thisis perhaps the mest remarkable horseback ride on authentic record. | Two or three yearsago nine Italian offiders undertook a r'de of 810 miles to see what was the extreme performance which might be expected of ordinary horses in war. Only three finished the distance, and they required 103 hours for the task. Some time before this another Italian officer rode 590 Italian miles in tendays on a single horsé. From Vienna to Paris is 500 miles as the crow flies. Prince de Lingce once covered the road between the two cities in six days, but with relays of horses. Count de Maintenay is said to have done it in less time on a single roadster. He was then the bearer of of the consent of the Emperorof Austria to the marriage of Napoleon and MarieLouise, and he was rewa'ded‘for his speed with a jeweled snuff-box, 6,000 f., aud the horse which carried him so well. It is said that he rode the whole way without dismounting, but that is scarcely credible. The conditions are so " different - that it is impossible to compare these feats with these "of last week at Chicago, but' it seems reasonably certain that neither on ‘horseback nor on foot can the rate of 100 miles.be kept up for more than five days, and that there are men Wwho can do the distance at least as quickly without a horse as with one,—N. Y. Times.

THE contrast beiween the British | and American .systems of railroad is i very remarkable. The mileage of the former is only 17,696 miles, the latter | 86,497. The'cost of the former is | $3,586,000,000, double our funded Na- | tional debt and close upon the total : of the English" debt. The cost of our | system in operation .to December 31, 1879, is placed by Mr. Poor at %4,416.- | 000,000 on 84,232 miles, or $4,919,000,- i 000 on the whole system of 86,497 | miles. The difference in the average | cost per mile.is very great—in Great i Britain, $202,000 per mile; in the Unit- | ed States, $50,000 average per mile. ! The gross earnings, on the other hand, are directly reversed. The British lines, i on 17,696 miles, last year took in $3OB,- | 000,000. The lines of the United States, | on 84,232 miles in full operation last I year, took in $529,000,000. The pro- | portion of passengers to freight on the ! former is %rea.ter‘ than in this country, I though only fifty-two per cent. of the | whole earnings. . The operating @ ex- | penses in Great Britain average fifty- | two per cent.;in’ the United States, | fifty-eight forty-hundreths per cent. [

FaTHER-~‘¢ Here, you have only been married four weeks, and almost every day you come to me with complaints about ycur husband. You ought to be ashamed of yourself.” Daughter — ‘““But he: fights me all the time.” ‘“ Foolish child! Hayven’t your mother and me been fighting every day for thirty years, and don’t we get along peaceably and quietly with each other?'—(Galveston News. i ‘ ¢>=' @ , z , : [Akron Beacon.] : Ovur well-known fellow citizen, Mr. E. Steinbacher, one of Akron’s oldest merchants and the léading druggist of this section, informed the writer that without exception the sale of the Hamburg Drops was the most satisfactory of anything he had ever sold, and that the unprecedented.- demand was due golely to its merits. Such emphatic expressions need 1o comment on our,part. : —————————————— WHAT better time to be buried in glumber than at the dead of night?

- THE MARKETS. NEW YORK. September 28, 1880. LIVE STOCK—Cattle....,.. . §7 50 @slo 50 Bheep...o. ..ol -3% @ 525 H0g5........c..i.ai. .0 500 @ 580 FLOUR—Good to Choice..... 4 gO @ 625° White Winter Extras .... 415 @ 5 60 "WHEAT—No. 2 Red.... ..... 1064%@ 107 NO.%Spring... . .......... 104 @ 105 CORN—Western Mixed...... aO% @ 503 OATS—Western Mixed....... 0 @ 43, RYB-We5tern......... ... 988 @ 95 PORK--Mess (New)....... ... 1525 @ 15 50 LARD—Steam ............... 835 @ 8371% GHEESE ... ... . 0 @ 12% WOOL—Domestic Fleece. .... 36 @ 48 .. CHICAGO. : : 8EEVE5—Extra..........;... $540 @ $5 70 Ch01ge..............0ii ./ 480 @ 515 @Good ..onian i A @ 480 iMedinmy 0 A 0 g 410 -~ ‘Buichers' Stock.. . . 850 '@ 395 Stoek 0att1e........ . .. 9250 @ 300 HOGS—Live—Good to Choice 500 @ 5 55 SHEEP—Poor to Choice. .... 300 @ 425 BUTTER—Creamery.... ..... 21 @ 180 Good to Choice Dairy..... 22 @ 28 HEGGS—Fresh. ... .... . 15% @ 16 FLOUR-Winter.............. 500 @ 600 Springs, 00l GOOO @ 5 B 0 PRtents ... . n o 0 o 0D @ 80 GRAlN—Wheat, N 0.2 Spring w 92 Corn, N 0.8... .k 0 89%aw -39 Y% Oats, No, 2., L i i 2093 @ 30 RyerNoc 2 o o o 81 @ 82 Barley: No. 2. oo 4 @ it N e e - ix ed-Tippec urk.. . . 3 - A FineGr(l,-)en............... : 5A@, 5% Inferior:. .. i 3% @ 4 o CUraoked, .. 0. L. 2@ - 3 FORK o o o 0 800 i 1818 LARD—5team................ 190 @ 798% LUMBER— / : : Common Dressed Siding.. 18 00 @ 19 50 Flooring 0.0 0 T 0B 50 @ 32 00 Common 80ard5.......... 1000 @ 15 00 Feneing ..c.......0.. .. 1060 @ 13 50 e lath i e 200 2% . A Shingles 0... = o 9580 @ 290 EAST LIBERTY. CATTLE—Best........ .......- $5 00 @ $56 25 FairtoGood. ............ 425 @ 180 H0G8—Y0rker5............. B 0 @ 5% Philadelpblas... .......... 560 @ 5175 BHEEP-8e5t................. 42:’)-8 4 65, C0mm0n............. /. 350 @ 400 * BALTIMORE. L CATTLE—8e5t,.............., $4 59 @'ss 31% Medium. ... oo i 215 @ BRR BOGB—-Gond ... ..., i, 620 @ 705 SHEEP—Poor to Choice...., 350 @ 47

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IR STARCH

4 Library of- = Laree T e Edition. A verbhtim reprint of the last'(1880) London edition of Chambers's Encyclog yp predia, with copious additions (about 15000 topics) by Ameriean editors . the whole under one alphabet, with such illustrations as are necessary-to elucidate the text, Printed from new electro plates, brevier type, on superior paper, and bound in 15 eleggnt octavo volumes of ahout $OO pagés edch. It will contain, complete, about 10 per cent more than Appleton’s and 20 per cent more than Johnson's Cyclopsedia, and hbu{h in all respects important ta the general reader, it is far superior to.either of them, its cost is but a fraction of their price. Volumes I. and 1. are ready October 1, and other volumes will follow at least- two each month, the entire work being completed by April, 1881, and pro‘)ahly sooner. Price per voluﬁ"ﬁ, in-cloth, $1; in -half Russia, gilt top, $1.50; postage, per volume, 21 cents. = It has been ourf custom in previous pub- ; octo e r licadonx to offer svecial indncéments to thosé whose orders areé soonest re- OI ceived. In pursuance of that policy, om or before Ocider 31 ohlu, we will Teceive orders, with cash, for the set of 15 volumes completé for the nominal price of $lO for the edition in cloth, and $15.00 . for the edition in half Russia, gilt top. The price during November will be advanted to $10.50 and ¥15.75, and a further advance will be made each month till the work is eompleted. It is not supposed-that the mass of those who will in time become purchasers of the Encyclopeedia will make payment in advance as they now. have the opportunit; to do, though most of them de pay for their mwsyapers and magazines a-full year in advance -but the old mei friends of the Literary Revolution, who know that thé American Book Exchange always accomplishes what it undertakes, and does what it promises to do, will be glad to save $5.00 by mveaziug,zm.oo and get the earliest and & consequently best printed copies of the largest and best }-Zuvyv!o{)wdm ever published in this country, even at ten tines its cost. Volumes will be shipped as may be di_rg‘.cm-(k. as they are issued, or when the set is _complete. o ambers’s Encyclopaedia As a portion of the Library &f Universal Knowledgze, we issue Chambers’s Eﬁcfclppmdih separately, without the American additions, complete in 15 volumes 16mo. In. this style it’is printed from new elwtx-ut«y?e plates made from very ciear nonpareil type. Price, Acme 3 edition, cloth, $750; Aldus” edition (finer, heav: fer paper, wide margins), half: Russia, gilt top, .- $15.00," . Inthis style 14 volumesare issued Octo: ber 1, and volume 15 will be ready about Octo- Gt r ber 25, completing the work. To those Ql'd(‘l‘hlﬂ during the month of October. the price of the 15 voluines é¢omplete will be §7.00 for.the cloth, $14.00 for the ha ‘Russia, gilt top. During November the price will be advanced to $7.25, and/$14:50 for theiset. - .. - : :-..g. e M e e -’ American. Additions: The very large additions to Chambers's P.n"@yu‘.npmdia (about 15,000 't‘n_{njc{\ which are made by the American editors of the Library of Universal Knowledge; will also bé‘issued separate % in four-voliimes of B 0 to 1000 octave pages each, large type ; the price being $l.OO per volume in cloth, §1.50 in half Russia, gilt tep’; p()sm?ef per voimgne, 21 cents. Volyme I. will be ready in October. and other volumes-will tollow ag I'M)idl}' as possible ‘the whole being completed by April, 1881, and probably sooner. Price for the set of four volumes during October only, net, $2.65 .for the cloth. $4.00 (‘ox' the half Russia, gilt top. The four volumes of American Additions will be found well-nigh andispensable by all owners of Chambers’s, Appleton’s, Johnson’s and all otlier Cyclopaedias ex¢eptthe large type edition of the Library of Universal. Knowledge, from which itis compiled.. ~ . edig Bl e S ) - Standard Books. e 3 5 .3sA : v 3 &

sl.ibrary of Universal Knowledge, 15 vols,, 815,00, +Chambers's Encyclopadia, 15 vols., $7.50. \ *American Additions to Chambers’s Encyclopeedia, vols., $4.00. N Z o Miiman’'s Gibbon’s Rome, 5 vols., $2.00. Angie Macaulay's History of England, 3 vols., $1.26. o Macaulay's Life and Letters, 50 cents, : : Macanlay’s Essays and Poems, 3 vols., $l.BO. e Chambers's Cyclopredia of Eng. Literature, 4 vols, $2. i night's History of England, 4-vols. $3., e Ylutarch's Lives of Iliustrious Mgn, 3 vols,, 81.650. Geikie's Life and Words of Christ, 50 cents, L *Young's Bible Concordance, 311,000 references, 82, Acme Library of Biography, S vols,, 40 and 60 cents. Book of Fables, Fsop, ete., iliug,, 40 cents, 5 Milton’s Complete Poetical Worlks, 40 cents. R *Shakespeare's Complete Works, 81,60, - o Works of Dante, translated by Cary, 80 cents, : - | Works of Virgil, translated by Dryden, 30 cents. . The Koran of Mohammed, by Sale, 830 cents. i Adventures of Don Quixate, illus, 50 cents. Arabian Nights, illns.. 40 cents, : . Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progiess, illus,, 40 cents. S Robinson Crosoe, illug., 40 cerits. e ahmchausen and Gulliver*s Travels, illus., 40 centa. tories and Ballads, by E. T. Alden, ilius., 50 centa.”

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