Ligonier Banner., Volume 14, Number 51, Ligonier, Noble County, 8 April 1880 — Page 2

The Ligonicr Sanmer. RN STOLmrroprm;r. : LIGONIER, : : : INDIANA.

NEWS SUMMARY. ; . 4 ———— . - Jmportant Intelligence from All Parts . F p 0 ;i S—— ‘ Congressional, : * BrLrs were passed in the Senate on the 3lst ult., providing for an international exhibition in New York in 1883, and to equalize homesteads by allowing locations &n more than one place where neoessagy to fhake up 160 acres. The Immediate Deficiency AYpropriation bill was taken up, and Mr. Blaine moved an amendment giving employes in the Government prlnth;g ‘office a vacation on holidays without a deduction of filgy; this was opposed by Messrs. Carpenter, munds .and others, and was finally rejected. A motion by Mr. Edmunds to strike out the clause relating to the alppointment and pay of Special Deputy Marshals, leaving the appropriation intact, was rejected—22 to 3 4—and the bill was then read a third time.... Several bills were reported in the House, and the Post-Route bill was passed. A resolution was’ adopted—l 49 to 21— eclaring the sitting member, m. F. Slemons, entitled to the seat in the House from the Second Arkansas District. : - MAJority and minority reports were made in the Senate on the Ist from the Special LCommittee on Election Frauds. The Immediate Deficiency Appropriation bifl was further considered, Mr. Edmunde making a lengthy ipeech in opposition to the measure, and Mr. aton following in defense of the bill; the bill was then Rassed-—‘&') to 21—a party vote. The Senate bill to amend the Census act was amended and passed in the Heuse. The Star Service Deficiency bill was debated in Committee of the Whole,: . In the Senate on the 2d the bill to ratify the Ute agreement was debated by Messrs. Teller and Hill (Cel.), the latter favoring ratification and indorsing - Secretary Schurz, and the former taking ground in opposition to both. The House amendments to the bill amending the Census act were disagreed to, and a Conference Committee was appointed. Mr. Wallace, on behalf of the majority of the Senate Select Committee on alleged frauds in the late elections, submitted a special re{)ort oconcerning . poiitieal assessments, showng that the whole sum received by the Regublican Committee in the summer and fall of 1878 from Federal officlals was $93,000, and recommending the passage of a bill to prohibit officéers and employes of the United States: from contributing money for political purposes, and fixing the penalty for violation of the law at imprisonment for not more than six months and a fine not exceeding $5,000. The majorify report is agreed to by Senators Wallace, Bailey, Garland, McDonald and Kernan. Senator Teller will submit a minority report omr the same subject, to be signed by nimself and Senators Kirkwood, Hoar and Blair. Adjourned to the 5th... The Star Service Deficiency bill was further de‘bated in the House, and the Senate amendments were finally concurred in—9l to 83. This ieaves the bill as it passed the Senate. It appropriates $1,100,000 to meet the expenses of the star route service for the ecurrent fiscal year; prohibits the further expediting of the service on star routes; appropriates $lOO,OOO to enable the Postmaster-Gen-eral to place the new service; forbids him to expedite the service under any contract now existing or hereafter given at’ pay exceeding fifty per cent. upon contract as originally let; appropriates $50,000 for public printing, and grovides that nothing therein contained shall e construed to affect the validity or legality of acts or omissions of any officer of the United States. : THE Senate was not in session on the '3d....The House immediately went into Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union, for debate omnly, and Sfieeches were made on different subjects by Messrs. Covert, Joyce, Willis, Davis (Mo.), Taylor, Berry, Page, Sparks, Houck and Lowe. :

. Domestic. | THE last payment - of the New York Central syndicate for the stock purchased of Mr. Vanderbilt, last fall, amounting to $5,000,000, was made on the 31st ult. It was reported that the great railroader offered to dispose of 100,000 additional shares, and that the Byndicate had the matter under consideration. Mr. Vanderbilt is reported to have said he wished to hold $50,000,000 in United States four-per-cents, and as he held~ $36,000,000, the 100,000 shares would just about fill the bill. i O~ the 30th ult. Andrew Wallace, lately of Indianapolis, was shot and fatally wounded by his insane son at Pennington, Dakota. , : A WASHINGTON telegram of the 31st ult. says the National Bank circulation had increased $20,636,103 since Resumption-day— January 1, 1879—and legal-tenders on depdsit with the Treasurer for the purpose of retiring circulation increased $8,028,982 during the same period. THE receipts from internal revenue during March were about §9,000,000. From customs, $19,000,000. BURDETTE E. PATTEN, the man who bribed a Cook County (Ill.) juror and afterward, when the matter was about to be investigated, went to Kansas, was brought back to Chicago on the 29th ult, and on the 31st was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment in the County Jail _for contempt of Court. : b ; Mgs. PoLLy A. LAKE, of Kent, Ohio, took a dose of strychnine on the 80th ult., supposing it to be quinine, and died in less than thirty minutes. A BiLL doing away with publi¢ executions in Kentucky has passed both houses of the Legislature of that State. , ‘ A PETITION 188 yards in length, and signed by 33,484 ladies belonging to the Ladies’ National Temperance Union, praying for the appointment of a commission on the aleoholie liguor traffic, and for such legislation as will prohibit thé manufacture and sale of aleoholic liquors, was presented in the National House of Representatives a few days ago, by Mr. Brewer, of Michigan. bt THaE public-debt statement issned on the Ist makes the. following exhibit; Total debt (including interest of $19,870,513), $2,181,499,806. Cash in Treasury, $201,106,983. Debt, less amount in Treasury, $1,980,392,823. Decrease during the month, $14,719,896. Decrease since June 80, 1879, $46,814,431. TaEe Hlinois Supreme Court has late1y decided that the directors and teachers may lawfully. require the Bible to be read in the public schools of the State. ! ' Two oFFICERS and the steward of a New York police boat were fatally burned a few mornings ago, while asleep. . ExcHT persons were hung in various

parts of the United States on the 2d. Among thein were Edward Tatrd, who killed Mbs. Butler at Highgate, Vt., who was hung at’ ‘Windsor, : Vt., and BBtone, the colored wifemurderer, who was strangled at Washington, | D. C. Inthe lafter case, as the drop fell, the head was completely separated from the: body, almost as cleanly as if it had been done with a knife. . . ! j ) - EIGHTEEN buildings in the business portion of Bradford, Pa., including the Academy of Music and a hotel, werd destroyed by fire on the 2d, involving & loss of over $lOO,000. : -: ' /AccorplNG - to official figures, the packing of the West during the past, winter season—f{rom November 1, 1879, to March 1, 1880 s-aggregated 6,950,451 hogs. Of this number;, Chieago slaughtered 3,55,210; Bt. olis, ; Milwaukee, 840,788, and Louis-

ville, 231,559. During the same period last year the West slaughtered 7,480,648 hogs, or 530,197 more th¥n the number returned for the season of 1879-80. . A WASHINGTON special of the 2d to the Chicago Jnier-Ocean states that the whole number of pensions granted since 1862, not including the arrears-of-pay claims, amounted to nearly 700,000, and, in addition, nearly & quarter of a million of ap‘plications for pensions were then on file. = - A NEwW ORLEANS telegram of the 2d reports the formation of a large crevasse near ‘Gretna, La. - A great deal of damage had already been’ accomplished. e ‘lt was reported on the 4th that the Government intended to demand of the Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph Company, the Pullman Palace Car Company, and all other parties holding leases from . the Union and Central Pacific Railroad Companies, five per cent. of their net earnings, under the Pacific Railroad acts, and twenty-five per cent. for the sinking fund, under the Thurman act. " - THaE second contest for the O’Leary belt began in New York at twelve o’clock on the might of the 4th. . Porrions of Kansas were visited by a terrific cyclone on the night of the 2d. At Ottawa several houses were demolished, a passenger train was thrown off the track, and several persons were seriously and two or three fatally injured. The damage to proverty was very great. : * A SEVERE wind, hail and rain storm at Wheeling, W. Va., on the 4th caused considerable destruction of property. Among other casualties resulting from the heavy blow was the demolition of a Presbyterian church steeple. No lives were lost. AT the session in Boston on the 3d of the New England -Methodist~ Confcrence, while the candidates for deacons’ orders were being called, the name of Miss Annie Oliver was presented. Bishop Andrews promptly refused to entertain a motion to elect her, saying that he had no authority to ordaiu a woman. An appeal was taken to the Genéral Conference, which is to meet in Cincinnati in May. A resolution. was adopted by the Conference instructing the' delegates to Cincinnati to use all their influence to abolish al. distinctions of gex in the offices and ordination of the ministry of the church. A LARGE white-lead establishment at Joplin, Mo., was destroyed by fire on the 3d. Loss, $300,000. : ‘ . THE old burial vaults of Wesley Chapel, New York City, fell in on the 2d. They contained several thousand bodies, all placed there before 1851. ,

: Personal and Political. THE tity election in San Francisco on the 30th ult. resulted in a victory for the Citizens’ ticket over the Workingmen’s candidates by a majority of from 2,000 to 3,000. GENERAL GRANT received an enthusiastic welcome at New Orleans on the 3lst it . ; ; THE Kansas State Republican Convention met at Topeka on the 31st ult. and chose delegates from the 'State at Large and from the various districts to the National Convention. The delegates are said to be favorable to the nomination of Senator Blaine. Tae Nebraska ‘Democrats met in State Convention at Columbus on the 31st ult. Resolutions were adopted sustaining the twothirds rule in the National Convention; advocating hard money and low tariff; denouncing the alleged wrong inflicted upon the ‘party and the country at large by the Republicans in 1876, and pledging the Democrats of Nebraska to right those wrongs as far as possible, and punish the wrong-doers. Tre Committee on Elections of the National House of Representatives took final action on the Ist upon the contested election case of Donnelly vs. Washburn, of the Third Minnesota District. A resolution was first adopted —6 to 5 (there being two pairs)—declaring that Washburn was not entitled to the seat; it was then resolved—SB to 4 (one pair and one absent) —that Donnelly was not entitled to a seat in the House. Instructions were given for the preparation of a report, which will declare the seat vacant and recommend that the matter be remanded to the people of the district for a new election. A minority report will also be made.

.AFTER the adjournment of the Kansas State Republican Convention on the morning of the Ist the third-termers of the Second and Third Districts held meetings, passed resolutions complimentary to General Grant, and elected délegates to Chicago to contest the seats of the regularly-chosen Blaine men. A great deal of ill-feeling was manifested on both sides. THE announcement was made on the Ist that the Nebraska delegates to the Cincinnati Convention, while uninstructed, were known to be enthusiastic Tilden men. THE Count and Countess de -Lesseps -and party sailed for France on the Ist. The Count expects to return to New York about December. Shie THE Vermont Democratic State Convention, to select delegates to the Cincinnati Convention, is- to be held at Montpelier on the 22d of this month. = TaE Senate on the Ist rejected the nomination of A. C. Wells, son of 'ex-Gov-ernor Wells, as Surveyor of the Port of New Orleans. - ‘ : L : EUuGENE FAIRFAX WILLIAMSON, the offensive correspondent of the Rev. Dr. Dix, of New York, has been indicted and arraigned, and has pleaded not guilty. It was reported from Washington on the £d that the €abinet had decided to recommend legislation looking to the establishment of a civil government in Alaska. : - At the recent election in Effingham, 1., Mrs. Kepley, an attorney-at-law, avas elected a member of the Board of Education--Bhe ran on an independent ticket, and a dozen ladies were at the polls all day electioneering for her. : : THE Republican Convention of Utah Territory has selected a Blaine delegation to the Chicago Convention.

v Foreign. ‘ GENERAL FAIRCHILD, the Unifed States Minister to Spain, reached Madrid on the 80th ult., and was received by the King on the 31st. : THE Jesuits are building houses in various parts of Bpain,; and have purchased a large establishment near Madrid. . A MAN named Berde, claiming to be Captain of the American brig Lizzie M. Mer/rill; has recently arrived at Queenstown in a bark from Valparaiso. He reports that the Lizzie M. Merrill foundered at sea on February 2, that her crew, with the exception of himself, were lost, and that he clung toa plank for three days, when he was picked up by & bark, on board -of which he remained until February 27, and was then transforred to the vessel which brought himt to QueensYk L et i i ~ Tar State Department has received complaints from - United Btates Ministers abroad showing that the bogus ‘medical col-

leges at Philadelphia have resumed the selling of diplomas in Europe. : ' Sir Francis Hincks and others, Directors of the collapsed Comnsolidated Bank of Montreal, who were indicted for making false returns to the Government regarding ‘the condition of the concern, have been acquitted. ke i ‘ BERLIN telegrams of the 31st ult. declare that extensive preparations were making throughout all parts of Germany for emigration to the United Btates during the coming summer. i : A LoxpoN telegram of the 31st ult. gays the elections in Great Britain on that day, so far as they were concluded, had resulted in sweeping Liberal victories. The impression prevailed that the Beaconsfield Ministry was doomed. - ApMIrRAL PriLip WESTPHAL, the oldest, commissioned officer in the British navy, died on the Blst ult. He was ninetyeight years old. ‘ ¢ A GALLERY fell in a Glasgow (Scotland) hall on the 31st ult., and seriously injured many people. - BARON GEDALIA, President of a wellknown Copenhagen banking-house, has been sentenced to one month’s imprisonment for repeatedly-using canceled stamps on stocks } and bills. A ST. PETERSBURG telegram of the Ist'says eneral Melikoff had interdicted the play of Julius Ceesar. : ‘ AN explosion of fire damp in a colliery at Anderlues, Belgium, occurred on the Ist. There were 150 persons in the mine at the time of the disaster. At dark on the evening of the Ist twenty corpses had been recovered. It is said that, owing to the drought which has prevailed in Cuba for three months, the tobacco and sugar crops will be very much below the average yield this year. A Harirax (N. S.) dispatch of the Ist says the weather there continued exceedingly stormy, and the snow in the streets was from three to four feet deep, and in the coun‘try in some places ten feet. b TaE Dublin Home-Rule League has passed a resolution déenéuncing in the strongest terms the mob that so rudely treated Mr. Parnell at Enniscorthy. A CONSTANTINOPLE telegram of the 2d says the physicians who had examined the assassin of Colonel Commaroff, an attache of the Russian Legation stationed there, had unanimously pronounced him sane. It was further stated that he would be executed in accordance with the demands of the Russian Government, .

QUEEN VICTORIA has presented a fine gold watch to each of the gentlemen who rendered Princess Louise valuable assistance at the time of the. recent runaway accident in Ottawa. : , PRrRINCE BisMARCK celebrated his six-ty-sixth birthday on the Ist. A CaßuLn dispatch, received in London on the 4th, says Mahomed Jan had, on the preceding day, attacked a body of Hazaras near Ghuznee. Jan and two of his best chiefs were killed and the Afghans totally defeated. THE Anglo-American Company’s cable parted at a poiht thirty-six miles from the Irish coast on the morning of the 3d. A REPORT prevailed in Calcutta on the 4th that Nurseais had attacked the inhabitants of Koda, near Chaknasar, and massacred men, women and children, indiscriminately. : A Paris-telégram of the 4th says a terrible fire had that day occurred in Montaimont, a village of Savoy, which caused the destruction of thirty-one houses and the loss of seventeen lives. =z LAsT year 247,315 acres of land were sold in Manitoba and the British Northwest Territories. THE unauthorized religious communities in France number 384 for men, with 7,444 members, and 602 for women, with 14,003 members. ' Paris and its suburbs contain 123 Jesuit communities, and the Jesuit colleges in France numbe;‘ 1. : :

LATER NEWS, : . Up to the morning of the sth the net iLiberal gain in members-elect of the British Parliament was fifty-five. A DuBLIN telegram of the sth says the Duchess of Marlborough had expressed the opinien that the distress in Ireland was on the wane. < : ' REArR ApMIrRAL THATCHER, of the United States navy, died in Boston on the sth, aged seventy-four. A RECENT dispatch from Philadelphia pronounces a report that a Cuban fillibustering expedition had fitted out in the Chesapeake to be g canard. ] - GOVERNMENT four-per-cents sold in New York on the sth at 1071, the highest price yet reached. : THE Chicago T¢mes of the 6th says the reports indicated that the wheat and fruit prospects in Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky were excellent. : . ‘ A PHILADELPHIA burglarhit a servant girl, named Ella Duffy, with a jimmy, on the morning of the sth, and in return received a gallon or two of bofling water in his face. He ran screaming with pain, and the valiant maiden fainted away. . MunIcIPAL elections were held in many Western cities on the sth. In.lndiana the amendments to the Constitution were adopted by a large majority. A PHILADELPHIA boy, who was bitten by a rabid Spitz dog eighteen months ago, was reported on the sth to be suffering from hydrophobia. b | AT a meeting of the Woman’s Suffrage Association, National wing, held in St. Louis on the evening of the sth, twenty delegates were elected to the National Convention, to be held in Indianapolis on the 26th of May, and committees were appointed te visit both the Demoeratic and Republican State Conventions of the State and secure, if possible, the introduction of a woman’s suffrage plank into their pldtforms. po In the United States Senate on the sth a bill was passed to amend sections 2,262 and 2,301 of the Revised Statutes in relation to settlers’ affidavits in pre-emption and commuted homestead entries; it permits affidavits required by those statutes to be made béfore County Clerks, instead of before the Kegister or Receiver of the Land District, thus equalizing the provisions in this respect. of the Homestead and Pre-emption laws. Messrs. Dawes and Morgan &poke in opposition to the bill ratifying the Ute agreement. In the. House Mr. Weaver obtained the recognition of the Sé),q‘gkp.: and moved to suspend the rules and adopt his financial resolutions in gt e s Stng Al i g e overnment d y and that all of the ltniereqbt-mfin d&bfi? the Gflfi’imfink re--g:eiqa lg}m%ggoi'e 1881 . should not be refunded beyond the power of the Government o all t and redeeksy the ‘obigations at any . - 40 debate o Ingtion wes defostel

INDIANA STATE NEWS. TrE Executive Committee of the State Board of Agriculture have resolved to have races on four days during the next State Fair. Purses aggregating $1,500 have been offered. A ‘ . A orrlzeN of Lafayette has just been married to his wife in lawful manuer, the first ceremony, fifteen months ago, having been unlicensed, and therefore illezal. He says he was not aware that a license was necessary. , : ; TaE law passed by the Indiana Legislature against the garnisheeing of a man’s wages unless there was over two month’s wages due him, has effectually stopped the garnisheeiny of wages of railroad employes—a practice which' had become-quite annoying to railroad officials. - ' 4 Isaac ScHAFFER was a few days since arrested in Bhelby County, where he had just settled down to domestic happiness, and will now answer to' a charge of bigamy in QOhio. 3 . ;

~ Iris rumored that several capitalists have united to build a steel-rail rolling-mill at Indianapolis. The location and time of its erection are not yet deterinined, though it is intended to have it begin at an early day. JACKSON DAvIDS, residing six miles north of Franklin, and working in a circular-saw ‘mill, was killed almost instantly a few days ago. A piece of timber he held in his hand was caught in the saw, and hurled against his side, crushing his ribs. - A RATHER low-down confidence game has been perpetrated upon John C. Prather, of Jackson County, in fail at Indianapolis on charge of dealing in counterfeit money, by some one, it is supposed, who became acquainted with his circumstances while in jaik and took advantage of them. A few daysago a man appeared at his residence and'stated to Mrs. Prather that he had been' sent by her husband to get all the money she could possibly scrape together, as he needed it badly. The fellow gave his name as Z. T. Bradbury, and Mrs. P. was satisfied that he was an honest, truthful messenger, giving correct answers to all questions asked. She gave him $167.80, all the money there was in the house. The next she heard of him, he was oxll- a big drunk at Columbus, and then she wrote to ask whether her husband had sent him for the money. A telegram has been sent, demanding his arrest. ! : " THERE is a double-barreled Treasurer’s office in Morgan County. This office has been filled for the past two years by Mr. Lemuel .Guthridge. Mr. E.T. Branch was elected at the election of 1878 to succeed him, and was duly commissioned by the Governor for two years from the 25th of March, 1880. Mr. Branch, having been duly qualified, made a written demand on Mr. Guthridge on the 26th for the office, but Guthridge refused to surrender it up, and insists on holding it by main force. Mr. Branch immediately™ opened his oflice in the Auditor’s office, where he received and receipted for several hundred dollars of taxes. ‘

A BRIDGE near Crawfordsville, which was contracted for seven years ago at $7,000, has already cost the county about $21,000, and the taxpavers want to know if there isn’t a job somewhere. i ; SEVERAL buildings ‘were unroofed in Lafayette during the storm of the 27th. B HANNAH O’NEIL, a fourteen-year-old girl, was run over near Colburn on the morning of the 27th by a light train on the Wabash Railroad. The girl was thrown ten feet in the air and thirty feet down an embankment, receiving injuries from which she died in the evening. o DuriNg the high wind which prevailed on the morning of the 27th, William Goble, a brakeman on the Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis & Chicago Railroad, was blown off his train a few miles east of Indianapolis, while in motion, sustaining injuries that are likely to prove fatal. - : { BURGLARS broke open the safe at the Bee Line Depot at Anderson on the morning of the 27th and secured sixty-nine dollarsin currency and some valuables. They also entered the office of Edgar Henderson, grain-dealer, took nine dollars in currency and valuable papers from his safe, and then entered the Henderson mills, but did not secure anything of value. At the Bee Line Depot a revolver was held at the head of the night operator, with the threat to blow his head off if he moved or made any noise, while two accomplices did the robbery. AX accident occurred at Crawfordsville on the evening of the 31st ult. which, itisfeared, will prove fatal. John W. Foreman, a student of Wabash College, was in a skiff on Sugar Creek, .when, by the force of the current, the boat was hurled over the dam and capsized. The body was not recovered until all signs of life seemed to be extinct. Restoratives being applied he was rallied somewhat, but his recovery was thought to Dbe doubtful.

MoyNIHAN, the murderer, who recently escaped from the Logansport jail, has been recaptured. DuRriNG the rain-storm at Bloomington the other night, quantities of fine black sand resembling flour of emery, fell, making a black mud on roofsand verandas. As there is no soil of that description in that vicinity, it is thought the deposit must have been carried a long distance by the cyclone, or that it is meteoric dust. ! A MYSTERIOUS disease resembling black vomit is raging in parts of Floyd County. 1t is fatal and attacks children only. { “'MARION WILLS, a single man, left Circleville a few nights ago under the influence of liquor, and on the 80th ult. his body was found about one mile from home, Iying in the water, which it is thought submerged him while asleep. i : ‘A MAN was killed the other night by the Indianapolis, Cincinnati & Lafayette train near Indianapolis. He was a stranger, well dressed, twenty-five or thirty years of age, and was cut all to pieces. ' - ! THE daughters of Mrs. Nicholas Bader, of Lapor:e, returning from chureh, the other day, found their mother lying dead on the floor, an infant grandehild playing by her sideTrr Indianapolis grain = quotations are: ‘Wheat, No. 2 Red, $1.15}[email protected]%¢; Corn, 35@ 36c; Oats, 81(@34c. The Cincinnati ‘quotations are: Wheat, No. 2 Red, [email protected]; Corn, 41@42¢; Oats, 87@37%c; Rye, 80@8le; ‘Barley, Extra No. 8 Fall, 87@9%0c.

—ln North Carolina the moonshiners donot generally have serious difficulty in finding. time to get married, buta case was reported the other morning showing that the revenue raid then in progress compelled one couple, at least, to wed and run. A parson was conducted to a mountain retreat and, finding the lovers in waifing, tied urg, knot, received $5O in gold and a hurrah, and in ten minutes was on his wag home, the moonshinery his bride and their com;ia‘nio,ns resuming their tour, with the deputy collectors in hot pursuit. : - —Native New Mexican women are exceedingly plain. M

Cruelty to Animals, There is no official record of any law having been enacted by -civilized governments for the protection of animals from ' cruelty until July, 1822, when Richard Martin, then a member of the £nglish House of Commons, presented his famous bill, which, after some slight amendments, was passed by that body. . s Two years after the passage of this act the present Royal gociety was organized in London, which for more than tifty years has gradually been crystallizing the public sentiment of Europe, until now nearly all the countries on the Continent have incorporated ' similar laws in their le%islation, and in all of these formidable societies have been created for their enforcement. It is true that previous to the Martin act the common law offered a quasi protection, but then it was only in the sense of property, wherein the question of humanity was totally ignOreg. Along with- the advancing spirit of civilization, however, assisted by the persistent labors of the Royal Society to that end, was awakened a keener sense of oblig~tion for the rights of the inferior creation, and from being regarded onli a 3 merchandise they now enjoy all the legal protection comprehemfl:d in the statutes against misdemeanors. . It is not to be anticipated that the killing even of that most valuable and useful of animals, the horse, even when attended with circumstances of the most barbarous character, will ever be recognized by human law as murder. The inexorable requirements of journalistic space forbid expatiating on the legal aspects of man’s responsibility to animals, but a few curious instances of judiecial prosecutions against brute offenders may be cited, if ‘only to exemplify the one-sided justice which. prevailed in the Middle Ages with regard to them.

It is almost incredible to us that in the Middle Ages the forms of legal procedure should have been invoked and made applicable to the offenses of the brute creation. It not unfrequently happened that a child was devoured by a pig. On such occasions the animal was incarcerated in a prison of the State until the day of trial, when the public prosecutor read the accusation, witnesses wore examined, and on being found guilty, the pig was condemned to death by the judge, which e&mnishmenf. consisted in being strangled, and hung by his two hind-feet to a tree. : From the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries the archives of justice are replete with these proceedings, and their absurdities were enhanced sometimes by dressing the condemned animal in human costume for the occasion. In 1266 one of these execuntions took i))lace at Fontenoy-aux-Roses, near aris; in 1394 another at Mortagne; and from that time until as Jate as 1572 they were of frequent recwrrence, and always attended with the most. solemn ceremonials. : i At length L’hili({) de Beaumanoir had the courage to declaim against these monsfrosities, basing his opposition on the ground that the brute was not conscious of its offense, and that justice was established to avenge crime on those only who could comprehend the signification thereof, and cited at the same time, in support of his claim, the twentyeichth verse of the twenty-first chapter of Exodus. From that time brute executions ceased, and the owner was fined, and the animal killed in the ordinary way. - i ' Probably the mechanical difficulty attending the hanging of ofi'endin§ insects prompted the intervention of the Church, which fulminated its anathemas against the destroyers of the crops, fruits and other similar property. The eftect of these spiritnal condemnations is not reported. - In 1863 the writer of these lines, prompted by the merciless treatment of animals which he witnessed in a northern country of Europe, but especially of horses and donkeys, resolved to initiate a reform on his return to America. ;

Obedient to this resolution, he immediately set himself to work in enlistin% the support of many leading citizens of New York, and in the winser of 1865-6 a very comprehensive statute was passed by the Legislature, and soon thereafter the charter of the present American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was procured—the first institution of the kind in this hemisphere. o ] It was a graceful act of justice on the Fa.rt of the Legislature which gave the aws to the State, that in the midst of a bloody and fratricidal war it paused long enough to consider the hereditary wrongs of the inferior animals, and to decree hereafter and forever a limit to them--a natural and appropriate sequence to the emancipation of the ‘slave. : e It is needless to dwell upon the beneficent consequences resulting alike to mankind and to the lower animals from this humane and civilizing policy, for .they are obvious to the most casual obgerver of cause and effect.

The history of this blessed movement, which is not tainted by the reproach which is so often associated with benevolent enterprises, such as selfishness and sectarianism, has already been given to the world through the press; hence further reference lis believed to be unnecessary; put there is one' portion of the record which wili never be known to any one but to him who initiated the work, to wit, the spiritual and physical suffering its early years inflicted on its originatar. 3 Reforms usually are of gardy growth, but it will ever be a just cause 0% pride to the American people that this mereiful revolution in public sentiment, which required half a century to bring to its present status in Great Britain, has been reached in.this country in the compara~ tively brief space ofy fourteen years. Duaring that period thirty-five gtat,es and Territorics of this Union have insoribed these laws npon their statutebooks, substantially the same as those’ first enacted in N%w York, and each &uoeeedinf year adds to the number from the few which still remain unassociated ‘with this benevolent confederacy.- The most casual and indifferent spectator fails not to recognize the alteved treatment of that patient and devoted friend of our race, the horse, and that abuse of him is no longer the rule, but the exception. Thoughtlessness

wasg once a prolific source of cruelty to that paragon of animals, as well as others, nor was this obliquity of perceg tion confined to the poor dnd ignorant, but was a conspicuous characteristic of the cultured and the, wealthty .as well. Numerous fig'entlemen;‘ noted for gentleness and philanthropy, have been heard to exclaim, “I once, either through thoughtlessness or. neglect, occasioned pain to animals, which now, since the subject has been brought seriously to my mind, it would be impossible for me to POPOat:’Y v vutn ey detimmes s Calves, which were once bound by the legs and thrown into a jolting wagon, on to;f; of one -another, like so many bags of grain, are now carried standing,‘and in convenient carts, and it is not long since one was seen standing in the crate protected from the cold by a blanket! - - ~ : ‘ Instances of heartless beating and overloading are unhappily not wholly s&ppressed; but'when they do occur, it is a gleasant augury of the future to note how every citizen resents the outrage as though it were a personal wrong. . o . On more than oné occasion the Legislature of this State has appropriated an entire evening for the sole consideration of an act- affecting the rights of animals. And it is a beautiful spectacle to behold the courts of justice everywhere vindicate, by their long and patient investigations, the omnipotent truth that the quality of mercy is not partial in its application, but is alike the ’propert‘:{ of every ”cre%ure that can suffer and die. Fic : The moral effect of all this is selfevident. ‘The man who of yore gave loose reins to his passions in his treat‘ment of his horse, his ox, or his dog, once that he is brought. to reflect and experience the sentiments of pity for his dependent animal, is from that moment a better being, and his wife and children, if he have them, as well as his fellows, share the benefits of the newborn instinét... - Figuratively speaking, mercy to the inferior animals is the lowest stone in the foundations of eivilization and religion, and mo superstructure can be securely reared where ‘it is| absent.— Henry Bergh, in Harper's Weekly.

~ Thirteen at Dinner. It is idle, of course, to fight superstition with logie, but when a presumably sane man gravely sets forth in the London Whitehall Review ‘‘tne simple facts in the case’’ of the death of Br. Fairbanks, one of Queen Victoria's physicians, and these simple facts are that the dead man was the first to sit down and the first to rise again at a dinner where the diners numbered thirteen, it is, perhaps, worth while to direct attention to' the way in which such superstitions are nourished. Dr. Fairbanks died the next morning after the dinner mentioned. After that, therefore because of that, argue the superstitious. So it always is. Men are quick to note and to comment upon a coincidence of ‘occurrence with superstition, but they rarely remember the cases in which such coincidences® fail to come about. Yet every logical mind must feel that a hundred fulfillments of such#an augury with one failure of fulfillment must discredit the augury; while in practicé superstitious persons argue upon a precisely contrary assumption, namely, that a hundre«f failures count for nothing against a single fulfillment. = - . : ;

Mr. Whitelaw Reid in conversation related some bits of experience upon this point of thirteen at dinner not long ago, one of which is worth reporting as an oftset to the Whitehall Review's story. At the time of the Shepard Ring scandals in Washington Mr. Reid dined one day at a gentleman’s house in that city. There were just thirteen persons at the table, and the fact was eommented upon. During the dinner Mr. Reid was served with a writ of arrest in one of the vexatious suits by means of which certain persons at the capital sought to punish .I;fim for the Tribune’s boldness of speech, and this untoward event appeared, according to the superstition, to mark Mr. Reid as the doomed thirteenth guest. The superstition being thus brought to mind, Mr. Reid made a list of the persons present, and although the dinner occurred a good many years ago there is not one of its (giuests who is not in sounder health todiy than he was at the time when the thirteen dined together. : : One such fact as this is a complete, logical refutation of the teaching of the superstition; and such refutations occur frequently;- yet ‘it is certain that one such story 5&8 that; of Dr. Fairbank’s death will indo the-/salutary work of a score of carefully-nated cases in which the thirteen survive. Men are weak and foolish, and superstition is stronger than l_ogic, and cowardice is a commoner quality than %hiloéop_hy. The fact is that when as many as thirteen persons of middle age, selected withou: reference to their bodily health, come together, it is not far from an even chance that some one of the num‘ber will die within the year, in the natural order of things, and if more than thirteen are present the chance is increased. = But nobody thinks of delay-~ ing a dinner or making it uncomforta« ble by silly forebodings when ei%?teen or twenty persons are present, alt. Ough there is then greater &rqbability thanin the case of thirteen that some one of the company will ‘'be buried within the BT EBN e e ! So silly and so annoying asuie_'rstition as this—for it is annoying to have dinners postponed or guests removed to a side table in deference te ‘superstitious cowardice—ought to be . combated :g ; evei?, sensible- person until its he shall be' bruised unto deatht Soundlyconstituted minds regard death with philosophic calm even when its a;;proach is certain, and vague dread of it when its time of coming is uncertain is in a high degreekunmaigy. ‘After all, it is life rather than death that ought to o:ecup{vfiflttghfiéfi;,m ‘most of us*have enough to do to keep our lives what they ought to be.~-N. Y. Post. I man, says the Baltimor *{ News, he would be lying in fmw . —Hundreds of ‘years ago butter was used for illuminsting purposes. And K Nomiows Heeutt .~ o