Ligonier Banner., Volume 14, Number 42, Ligonier, Noble County, 5 February 1880 — Page 2

Che Ligonier Banmer, J. B. STOLL, Editor and Prop;;*m«;r. LIGONIER, : . : INDIANA.

EPITOME OF THE WEEK. o - CONGRESSIONAL. SENATE.—The delivery of eulogies on the late Senator Chandler occupied the entire session onthe 28th. Resolutions of respect having been submitted by Mr. Ferry, that gentleman I};mid an eloquent tribute to the memorly of the deceased statesman, and he was followed by like remarks from Messrs. Bayard, Blaine, Anthony, Logan, Morrill, Blair, Cameron, Baldwin, Hamlin, Wallace, Hoar and Ransom, after which the resolutions were unanimously agreed to, and, as an additional mark of respect, the Senate then adJourned. : . - House.—The Senate bill appropriating $75,000 for|the purchase of a new site for the United States Naval Observatory was passed, with an amendment providing that, if Ppracticable, the site shall be on an even degree of longitude west of Greenwich....A message was received from the Senate, transmitting the resolutions adopted by that body relative to the late Senator Chandler. Speeches were then made in eulog‘s; lof the late Senator by .Messrs, Newberry, Williams (Wis.), Hubbelli, Brewer, Conger, Robeson, Burrows (Mich.), Hawley, Dunnelf, Stone, Keiter, Briggs, Crapo, Barber, Willits and Garfield, and the House then adjourned. : : SENATE.—On the.29th Mr. McDonald, from the Committee on Judiciary, reported adversely on the House bill to exempt postal employes from_ sérvice on juries, and the bill was indefinitely postponed....A bill was introduced by Mr. Kernan to provide for eelebrating the one-hundredth anniversary of the treaty of peace| and the recognition of American Independence bg an exhibition of arts, manufactures and Dg{)_ro ucts of the mines, in New York in 1883.... Mr. Gordon submitted a resolution that a committee of nine Senators be appointed to take into considezation the subject of the construction of a canal to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and that all papers, documents and information relating to Ssuch subject be referred to said committee, The resolution was declared adopted, and Mr. Davis (W. Va.) subsequently moved a reconsideration of the vote.... Adjourned to February 2 } 3 : Housk.—The bill was passed—l 34 to 87—declaring all public roads and highways post-routes. . M;\ Warner, from the Committee on Coinage, Wéights and Measures, reported back, with amendments, the bill to stop paper inflation, and providing for the needed increase of the volume of currency by free coinage of gold and silver, and the issue of %:)ld and gilver certificates. Ordered print- - ed and recommitfed....A bill “was dpassed amending Section 740 of the Revised Statutes, 8o as to provide that when a State con-taing-mere than one district or division, every guit not of a local nature (in Circuit or District Courts thereof) against a single defendant must be brought in the division where he resides, but if there are two or more defendants residing in different districts it may be brought in either division, and a duplicate writ may be issued against defendants, directed to the Marshal of the other division; in all cases of removal of suits from the State to United States Courts, such removal shall be to United States Courts held in the division in which said State Courts are held.... Several of the new rules reported from the Committee . on Rules were disposed of in Committee of the Whole. ) i SENATE—Not in session on the 30th ult. ; o ; . House—But little business of importance was transacted.... Mr. Knott, Chairman of the Committee on Judiciary, reported a bill removing the political disabilities of William D. Talliaferro, of Virginia. M . ConE;ar objected on the ground that the petitioner his petition referred to the late war as the “war between the Southern States and the United States,” instead of as the “‘war of the rebellion,” but the bill was finally passed, by a vote of 172 to 53—a number of R%gublica.ns voting with the Democrats in the affirmative. ; SENATE.—Not in session on the 31st ult. House.—A resolution was adopted calling on the Secretary of War for informa. tion as to the names and lineal rank of the officers not on duty with their regiments and corps, but on duty elsewhere, ete....A bill was introduced to prohibit the publication of lottery schemes in'the District of Columbia. Eulogistic addresses were délivered in memory ot the late Rush Clark, of Towa, by Messrs. Price, Sng@. Thompson, uﬁarpent-er, Coffroth, Manning, Neal, Bennett and Henderson, after which the House, as a further mark of respect to the memory of the dlbeeased, adjourned.

THE OHED WORLD. A DuBLIN dispatch of the 28th says there was a populay rising in County Armagh in opposition to the service of ejectment processes. Several shots had been fired into a bailiff’s house, and notices posted in different places threatening such of the tenantry as should show a disposition to yield to the demands of landlords and pay their rents under fear of the constabulary. Two fires, supposed to be of incendiary origin, had -occurred in the neighborhood. The feeling among the people was one of determination to resist eviction by force, if necessary. The Nationalists of County Mayo had nominated Michael Davitt and Thomas Brennan, under indictment for sedition, as their candidates for ParHlament The prospects of their election were considered good. Up to the 27th the Duchess of Marlborough’s fund for the relief of Ireland had reached the sum of £29,300. : 4 . A Carcurta telegram of the 28th says a report had been received by the Indian Government announcing the death of Mohamed Jans, the Afghan leader, and that “the report was generally credited. The Ghuznees had sent word to General Roberts, at Cabud, that they had determined to fight to the last extremity, unless Yakoob Kahn was reinstated in Cabul as Ameer. - A RoME telegram of the 28th says that General Garibaldi, in a communication to King Humbert, had thanked him that. Italian laws had enabled him to obtain a divorce from a wife with whom he never lived, and to marry the woman who was the mother of his children.” The King is said to have sent a cordial reply. ' ~ . A FIRE-DAMP explosion occurred in a Meissen kSaxony) colliery on the 29th. - About fifteen miners perished. ; AN Odessa dispatch received on the 20th says it was rumored that a Russian transport vessel, with 2,000 troops on bnard, had been lost in the Caspian Sea, and that .mearly all the soldiers perished. . THREE deaths from starvation occurred during the week ending on the 30th ult., near Parsontown, County Louth, Ireland. . A : THE increase of infectious diseases in Bt. Petersburg is exciting considerable apprehension. The mortality from those diseases is stated to be about nineteen per cent. of the _whole, or twice as great as usual. G A Rome telegram of the 30th ult. says the Pope’s health was causing considerable anxiety. He was suffering from fits of shivering and nervous prostration. =~ « INTELLIGENCE has been received at Pans of the death of the Abbe de Baize, at - Ujiji; while exploring Central Arica. A CoNsSTANTINOPLE telegram of the Ist says terrible cold prevailed at Diabeker, n.nJ» a great fall of snow had taken place. - Beveral travelers and 4 great numver of cattle had perished on the road. Thousands of . Moslemn refugees were starving at Philip~_popolis, The Bulgarians would give nothing ;o BRI Rer e __Up to the evening of the 31st ult. the Mansion-House Committee at Dublin had received contributions for the relief of Irish suflerors aggregating $167,500. _

A St. PETERSBURG telegram of the Ist says it was wnderstood that Russia had decided to increase the mumber of her war forces by 150,000 men. | : A ZANZABAR telegram, received in London oni the morning of the 2d, says Stanley, the African explorer, had been heard from at Yallala, the last fall of the River Congo. . : THE two Americans recently arrested in Naples, charged with the robbery at Brussels of a Russian naval officer, are John Collins, aged about sixteen, and one Cleveland, alias Eyerest, alias Ferguson, aged about twenty-six. The Government of Belgium has mnde a demand for their extradition. A Paris dispatch of a recent date says that the clerk in a New York bank, who absconded with $20,000, had been arrested, with $lO,OOO on his person. The clerk states ‘that he left $5,000 in New Haven and $2,500 at Southampton. Lo gl oy ‘ THE NEW WORLD. THE Maine Fusion Legislature metin their hall on the 28th, and, after a long and exciting session, adjourned to meet on the first Wednesday in August next. The Fusionist Secretary of State, Sawyer, promised to return-the valuation books to the office of the Secretary of State, and it was thought he would not claim to be Secretary any longer. The Fusion State Treasurer, White, notitied the Finance Committee of his willingness to meet them, and his desire to surrender his office as soon as his suctessor is qualified. Nothing of importance was done in the Republican Legislature. Several Fusionists took their seats. SECRETARY SCHURZ on the 29th sent a note to E. H. Hayt, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, informing him that the public interest demanded a change in the Commissionership of Indian Affairs, and that his further services in that office were dispensed with. Upon inquiry it was stated, on authority of the Committee of the Board of Indian Commissioners, who bad been investigating the charges against Hayt diligently and thoroughly, that no proof of ary dishonest act or connection with corrupt practices on his part had been found, and that the action indicated by the letter of Secretary Schurz was taken for the reason that Hayt had withheld from the Department, information which the Department ought to have had. ~ SEVEN Fusion Senators and twentytwo members/of the House presented themselves at the Maine State House on the 29th, and were given seats in the Legislature organized by the Republica.ng. Their reception ‘was very cordial. ‘ TuaEe Chicago City Board of Education has decided that the marriage of a female teacher shall be considered equivalent to her resignation. = . \ At Ottawa, Canada, on the 80th ult. a grave digger had thrown three or four shovelfuls of sand on the coffin'of a smallpox victim, when he fancied he heard a noise. The coftin was raised, and it was found the person still lived, and he was taken back to the hospital. A W ASHINGTON telegram of the 30th ult. states that, although no official cenfirmation could be obtained as yet of the story that the court which*had been investigating.the charges against Major Reno had recommended his dismissal, the accuracy of this report was generally conceded, and it was further stated, unofficially, however, that General Sherman favored a milder course, and would recommend- that Major Reno be suspended for one year. . A WaASHINGTON special of the 30th ult. says petitions for a general Bankrupt law were coming in from the larger cities, and a bill for that purpose had been referred to a sub-committee of the House Judiciary Commirtee. 9

AMONG the patents recently issued at Washington was one to Edison for his recent electric lamp, described, as a combination of a carborr'recelver made of glass and conductors passing through the glass, and from which receiver the air is exhausted for the purpose of giving light by incandescence. TaE United States Senate Committee on the Census met on the 30th ult., and received reports from the several Sub-Commit-tees on Nominations of Census Supervisors. The appointments for Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts and Rhode Island were reported back favorably from the sub-committees, and so were all those for the Western States, except three for Illinois, one forlowa and one for Tennessee, which were held by the sub-committees for further in< quiry. RicHARD FROTHINGHAM, the historian, aged sixty-eight, died in Charlestown, Mass., on the evening of the 29th ult. S. 8. HavEs, formerly Comptroller of the City of Chicago, and at one time a member of the .Commission to devise a revenue system for the country, died suddenly, at his home in Chicago, on the night of the 29th ult. : THE yellow fever has broken out at several places in Brazil. Up to the 25th ult. the epidemic had appeared in a mild form, but fears were entertained that it might spread to Rio Janeiro, A TRAIN of cars was successfully run on the ice across the St. Lawrence River and back, at Montreal, on the Ist. | A WASHINGTON special of the Ist to the -Chcago. Inter-Ocean says General Hammond, who was then rapidly recovering from his sudden attack of illness, denied that he ever made any confession, and said that his statements to the Committee of the Indian Board on the 29th ult. did not conflict in any way with his original testimony. He declined to go into details or answer questionk, and expressed great indignation at the published reports. . THE National Democratic Committee has been called to meet at Washington on the 23d instant. . L L. CoE YouNG has been elected Department Commander of the New York State Grand Army of the Republic. ‘ CHARLES FREEMAN, the Second Adventist, who killed his child in- Pocasset last May, has been adjudged insane, and the Governor of Massachusetts has ordered that he be removed to the lunatic asylum. ON their s[econd trial Mrs. Smith and Cove Bennet, of Jersey City, N. J., charged with the murder of Mrs. BBmith’s husband, have been acquitted. They were convicted and sentenced to death on the first trial, but got a stay of proceedings and a new trial. THE chair factory of Niemann, Lenz & Co., Chicago, was destroyed by fire on the 31st ult., and a boy named John Siskiosky, aged fifteen years, who was alone at work in the attic of the building,was burned to death. AT the recent session of the Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Illinois, in Chicago, Colonel E. D. Bwain, of Chicago, was elected Department Commander; J W. Burst, Senior - Vice-Commander, ‘and -George Puterbaugh, Junior Vice-Com-mander, Peeria was chosen as the plaee of ‘meeting for the next encampment. i

' LATER. A PaNnAMA dispatch, received on the 24, says De Lesseps had eight working partics—over one hundred and thirty-five men—surveying the Isthmus for the Inter-Oceanic Canal. ' PriNceEss Louisg, the wife of the Governor-General of Canada, reached Halifax on the 2d. She was accorded a princely reception. c e Tue United States Senate on the 2d passed a bill providing that a writ of error to the Supreme Court of the United States from the Supreme Court of any Territory shall lie fn criminal cases, where the accused shall have been seutenced to capital punishment, and in such case an allowance of such writ shall operate as a supersedeas, and all cases removed from the Supreme Court of any Territory to the Supreme Court of the United States, as provided by the act, shall have precedence of hearing in said Court. Alarge number of bills were introduced in the House, among which were the following: Appropriating $lOO,OOO for the relief of sufferers in Ireland; for the free coinage of the silver dollar; amendatory of the Pension laws. ON the evening of the 2d Mr. Parnell delivered an address éoncerning the evils and injustice of the Irish land-tenure to a large audience in the hall of the House of Representatives at Washington. Speaker®Randall presided, and several members of Congress were present. ; : ON motion of Mrs. Belva A. Lockwood, Samuel R. Laurey, a colored man and President of a colored college or academy at. Huntsville, Ala., was on the 2d admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in Washington. He is the fifth person of his race who has been admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court, but so far none of them have had any cases. THE public-debt statement for January makes ‘he following exhibit: Total debt (including interest,) £2,204,526,509. Cash in Treasury, $203,742,268. Debt, less amount in Treasury, $2,000,784,241. Decrease during the month, $11,014,264. Decrease since June 30, 1879, $26,423,015. - : ABout twenty colored persons,. including four women and three infants, arrived at New York City on the 2d, the first part);, reaching that city of colored people leaving the South. . AT Easton, Mass., early on the morning of the Ist, John D. Gardiner and wife ‘were burned to death in their house, which was destroyed by fire. _ ' Rev. CROWLEY, the keeper -of the New York Shepherd’s Fold, pleaded not guilty on the 2d to twenty-five indictments charging him with starving and ill-treating the children in his care. DuriNG the ten days preceding the 2d Mr. and Mrs. Yost, of Alpine Township, Kent County, Mich., lost seven children from diphtheria. Their ages ranged from three to twenty-three years.

Life Upon a Mississippi Flathoat. ONE of the most striking sights to be seen on the Mississippi is the immense number of wild geese constantly going down at this season of the year, not only geese with feathers, but an innumerable host whose wings are the sweeps of the flatboats upon which they live. The term ¢ wild geese’ is applied to those persons who make the river their home. During the summer these persons build flatboats, similar to the ¢scow’ of the Jew England States, upon which they erect the most primitive style of habitation, and collecting their household utensils, embark - with their families, and float down the river with the current, keeping equi-distant between the extréme cold of the North and the heat of the South. Occasionally they make a stoppage to trade, or to do a little work to abtain money enough to purchase ammunition, or some of the necessities of life that the river does not afford, for the most of their food is obtained by the gun or fishing-tackle. Duck, geese and turkeys are abundant, while the number ofy squirrels is enormous; catfish and buffalo are plenty in the river, the latter being a specie of fresh waterfish resembling the sucker. At nighta hook is baited with a Xiece of meat and thrown overboard, and in the morning the line is hauled in and a fish is generally at the end of it. Gradually they float down the river until New Orleans is reached, where they sell out, work their passage up river and take a new start. The craft of the ‘ wild geese” are as strange and peculiar as are the natures of t%xe strange beings who inhabit them. Upon many are painted, in large red letters, signsor names, such as “Tin Shop, ‘Feathers Renovated,” and one bore the incongruous title of “Faith, Hope and Charity.”” Some of these people are industrious fand thrifty, and are engaged in different occupations, while others are mere tramps, too lazy to fish, and, when there is no fishing, exist upon what they can beg or steal. Thus they lead a sort of nomad life, never content to’ remain in one place any length of time, and, like a rolling stone, ¢ gather no moss,”’ but it seems to %ive‘t%xem a degree of hardiness and self-reliance that 1s indeed surprising. As a specimen of their hardiness, three men accumplished successfully a journey of five hundred and fifty miles down the Mississippi in a skiff twelve feet long. They were provided with a light canvas covering, which they could rig tent-fashion over their boat at night, or fasten with a stick for a sail. Their cooking utensils consisted of a couple of stew-pans, an iron pot, two or three old knives, a spoon and a few cards of matches, besides a fishing line, a shot-gun and a bull-d%g. The adventures o%u George W. Sedam, a steersman upon a steam launch, is another examgle.ﬁ A year ago last Augnst he foun himselg “in Leadville with scarcely a cent in his pocket and no prospect of work. Running across a congenial companion, they consolidated their fortunes, and, obtainiﬁg some inch boards, constructed a skiff fifteen feet lon%_and four feet wide, usin% théir undershirts to caulk it with. Collecting a shot-gun, some ammunition, and coffee, sugar and salt, they started for New Orleans. They passed throuﬁh Kansas during the Indian raid in that State, and were obliged to hide themselves and their boat in the daytime and go down with the current at night, and, after several perilous adventures, reached their des- 1 tination in March, having left Canon City in September, thus cOmpleting" a journey of nearly three thousand miles. -—:gorhmndence Journal. j .

~ Georgia has abolished its State Geological Department. :

SENSE AND NONSENSE. ; A STUCK-UP thing—A show-bill. . PRrIZE-FIGHTERS should diet on pound cake. : To MAKE preserves keep all winter— Don’t eat them. o A TORNADO is a great blow to any country.—Philadelphia Chronicle- Herald. ConsoLATION for the Czar--What is Nihilism? Nothing, when you are used to it.— Punch. . i : WHEN a cat gives an entertainment from the top of a wall, it isn’t the cat one objects to, it’s the waul. ONE of the comical sights of Leap Year will be a girl whispering a tale of love into the ear of a deaf man.—Philadelphia Chronicle. THE best of all 1s to do right because it is right. Tf that is impossible, the next best thing is to do right because you don’t dare to do wrong.—N. Y. Herald. SIDNEY SMITH used to say that the common practice of the clergy in his day was to endeavor to draw sin out of men as Eve was drawn from Adam’s side, by casting them into a deep sleep. A GENTLEMAN accidentally steps on a dainty poodle led by an elegant woman. ““Stupid ! A little more and you would have crushed Fido.” ¢ Ah! if I had crushed him I would have replaced him.” ¢ You flatter yourself.”” : AN old lady wearing a pair of green goggles stepped on the Syracuse train at South Vallejo and knocked at the car door, and actually waited till it was opened on the inside by a passenger. For consummate politeness this has no parallel. ! To REMOVE spots of grease, oil or fat from woolens.—Saturate the cloth with kerosene or naphtha, and press it with a hot iron on the wrong side. Then treat it with a lightedimatch. This is the only sure way to remove grease from woolens.— Boston Transcript. A DANBURY man sent a boy with a bill for seven dollars to be collected. The boy got the money and came back. The man gave him ten cents, saying: ‘“Here’s for your trouble.” The boy took the coin and asked: ‘“ Ain’t you going to give me something for my honesty ?"? , A BOY once took it in his head That he would exercise his sled. He took his sled into the road : And, mercy on me! how he slode. And as he slid he laughing cried, * What fun upon my sled to slide.” And as he laughed, before he knewed, He from that sliding sled was slude. Upon the slab where he was laid They carved this line: *This boy was slade.””— Exchange. “I wisg you would keep your mouth gshut!” exclaimed Hollemount, the dentist, suddenly, losing patience with -the patient’s predilection to talking. ‘¢ All right,” said the latter, suiting the action to the word. And then Hollemout asked him if he would be so kind as to open it again long enough for him (Hollemout) to get his finger out. You never know how to please some men.— Boston T'ranscripgt. i YouNxg PINKLER is anything but deep, but still he has inemory %or all slang expressions. The other day, at a little social party, he mentioned the fact that the chief clerk in the office in which he is employed had resigned. ‘‘And you've gotthe vacancy. Isuppose, Pinkey?"’ jokingly inquired one OP the boys. “‘Oh, yes,”’ sarcastically assented Pinkler; ‘g’ve got the vacancy—in my mind.”” *‘Yes, that’s so,” giggled the prettiest girl in the room, and tgen, strange to say, everybody laughed, and Pinkler says he can't for the life of him see what it was that so aroused their merriment. | | It was reported that George W. Childs, A. M., had offered to pay the expenses of all the foreign delegates who are expected t> come to thegPa,nPresbyterian Council. which will be held next year in Philadelphia. This was an error only as to the extent of the liberality of America’s obituary bard. It could not be expected that any one gentleman, however wealthy or generous. could pav for the coming of a wholg caravan of foreign Presbyterians. Mr. Childs kindly offered to pay the expenses of one ofy these foreign brethren, and, although he is an Episcopalian, his offer was gratefully accepted. Mr. Childs is one of those bountiful men whose ‘frince(liy beneficence is not restricted by denominational limits. Only recentl(f he gave a cabinet organ to a Methodist Sundayschool in t%e‘ ci&y which is justly proud of his good deeds.—Chicago Times.

A PAINFUL revelation was made the other day in a New York court, when some twenty or more children belonging to a so-called charitable institution in that city called the Shepherd’s Fold, were brought into the room by the officers of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Chilgren, and represented as being the victims of a sham charity, which, under the pretense of tenderly caring for poor and helpless little oncs, secured the aid of the benevolent without stint, and cruelly abused the trust confided to .its charge. The warrant upon which these children were brought into court states all the material facts Eoing to show that the Shepherd’'s Fold ad no servants or attendants of any kind; that the children were compelled to perform all the domestic and manual labor of the hbusegold: that the ordinary rules of cleanliness were neglected; that the children were in a filthy condition; that they failed to receive proper instruction or medical attendance; that there was no place to care for them when sick; that they werenot furnished with proper food, but only with such ag was unfit and thai was calculated to produce sickness, disease and starvation. o

Leap Year’s Difficulties. HE was a nice young man, with cane, high hat and patent-leather boots. He strolled leisurely down Fourth avenue. puffing daintily upon a cigarette, and occasionally twirlinﬁ the waxed ends of his moustache. He was accosted by a stout woman with a florid complexion. *“Top of the mornin’ to ye, Mister Charley,”” said she. ¢ Good morning, Mrs. McGuinness,” said the nice young man. e ; ‘“Me darlint boy, would ye ——" and she bestowed a bewitching smile upon him. He dodged out of her reach.

The recollection that it was Leay Year rushed npon him. He answered: ‘ ¢ Madame—really—lcan’t—lam very sorry if I cause you pain—but my affections have already been bestowed upon another—and, madame—l can’t—l can’t marry you.” _ She gazed at him in astonishment, and then said, indignantly: ‘¢ Who axed ye to marry me? The idea of the likes of me, a poor, lone widdy, wid four children to support by washin’, axin’' ye to marry me. I was only gqir,x,’ to ax ye for that dollar for washin’. He sighed and gave her a dollar, and walked sadly away.—N. Y. Sun.

Spreading Typhoid Fever. ONE of the most dangerous maladies mhich afflict humanity is typhoid fever. Its prevalence and fatality in this country, and the fact that no class or condition is exempt from its ravages, are known to all. It enters the palace and hovel, and claims among its victims the rich and the poor, the old and the young. No human agency can prevent its insidious approach; and the fact that no household can be entirely exempt from it, is startling enough to awaken universal interest in re%ard to the nature of the disease and the laws which govern it. A leading English publication recently contained a very able treatise on the subject, of which we find a careful abridgment in the February number of the Popular Science Monthly, from the pen of Dr. T. J. Maclagan. There is so much ignorance among the masses in regarg to the disease, and so much that ought to be known by all who are brought in contact with it, that a brief statement of the material facts embodied in the article may be found useful, and may even result in preventing much suffering, if not in saving life. The article opens with the statement that not less than 200,000 people suffer from typhoid fever every year in Great Britain alone, and of these nearly 20,000 die—most of them in the prime of life. The disease belongs to the group known as eruptive fevers, which includes small-pox, typhus fever, scarlet fever and measles. Each is characterized by fever, and a local inflammation or eruption. ‘During the diseases the poison is largely reproduced in the system, and may be transmitted from the sick to the healthy. There are several methods by which these diseases are transmitted, but we shall only speak of the one immediately in hand. Doctor Maclagan classes typhoid fever as infectious, but not contagious. ‘An infectious disease is one which may be conveyed in articles of clothing, in linen, in food, in water, etc. When a disease is produced by personal contact with one suﬁ"ering from it, and the danger of catchin§ it increases with the closeness and intimacy of such contact, it is called contagious.. ‘¢ Contagion,”” he says, *‘‘may be defined as direct infection, and infection as indirect contagion.” It is important to bear this distinction in mind, because a disease may be infectious without being contagious—and this, it is contende%i, is the case with typhoid fever. The poison of an eruptive fever consists of an organism or parasite which flourishes, net in any part of the . body, but only in some particular organ or tissue, which is called the nidus, or nest of the parasite. The seat |of typhoid fever is in the %lands of the intestine, and outside of that habitat it ceases to be reproduced. Hente the disease consists of fever and of ulceration of the bowel. .Unlike the poison germs which are thrown off into the air from small-pox and scarlet-fever patients, and Wx;liCh are .hi%hly contagious, those of typhoid fever are propagated in the bowel and thrown off in discharges from it, in such manner as to insure its speedy removal from the neighborhood of the sufferer. The typhoi«% germs are there, but they can be so disposed of as to prevent their mingling with the atmosphere. The danger, therefore, is not contact withthe sufferer, but from his stools. If these are properly disposed of the disease can scarcely spread. But if they are thrown into drains without perfect traps, carelessly east upon the ground, or deposited where the germs may float into the air or percolate through the soil into the drinking water, then one case of fever may give rise to many others.« The communication of the disease is not direct, by contact; it is indirect, by infection of drinking water, or of an atmosphere which may be remote from the person who is the source of the poison. £ Bl |

If this view of the nature of the disease and the means of communicating it be correct—and it certainly seems plausible to a lay mind, however medical doctors may differ about it—much of the dread consequent upon an attack, not only to the patient himself, but to his friends, is wholly %-roundless; and would be measurably relieved by a knowledge of the facts. If it were universaﬁy known that a typhoid-fever patient may be nursed without the risk to the attendant involved in the case of typhus or scarlet fever, and that there is little or no danger to the other inmates of the house, under proper management in the particular indicated, the disease would be robbed of half its terrors. : : . The process of contractin the eruptive fevers differs somew%at in each case, but in typhoid fever the mode of communication is essentially different from that by which small-pox or scarlet fever is conveyed. In the latter case the poison is eliminated by the skin and the germs pass into the air, where they are liable to be inhaled. But when a germ is taken into the system it does no harm, unless, in making its rounds of the circulation, it comes in contact with its nidus, The natural tissue of the small-pox and scarlet fever germs is widely diffused over the body, and hence the germs are more liable to come in contact with it when once introduced into the system: Not so with typgoid fever. A typhoid germ may enter the circulation through the lungs, and make the round dozens of times without reaching the only tissue in which it can do harm, and the longer it remains in the system without. such contact the greater are the chances of its being thrown off with-

out actini.ﬂ But if the germ be taken in through the digestive organs, as by drinking infected water or milk, it is then brought in direct contact with the only part of the body on which it can fasten, and is almost certain to act. Another important fact in . regard -to the disease is, that the glands which form its natural seat are not equally active all through' life. They are quite rudimentary in infants, but increase in prominen~e until forty or forty-five years of age, when they begin to decline, and at seventy are practically worn out. =At fifteen or sixteen commences the period of greatest liability to the disease, which is extremely rare in infancy, and more common from two to seven, but generally very mild. From sixteen to thirty-five, and fortyfive it is very common and very fatal. After forty-five it begins to decline in frequency and becomes milder as years advance. i Thousands of lives are no doubt lost every year in this country, as in England, from want of proper knowledge of this disease, and the means by which it is communicated.. The medical profession cannot do a better serviece, therefore, than to enlighten the public through the press by such articles as the one from which these facts have been gleaned.—Pitisburgh Commerciak and Gazette. Sl s s

' o A Snake Story. Mr. Decker Coykendall owns a farne . near Libertyville, Sussex County, N. J. Last spring, while passing through a piece of wood adjoining his residence, he discovered a sma%l hole in the %r)round, from which he saw a huge lack snake emerge, and afterward saw another put its'head out. Being satisfied that it was their den, he took a gun which he was carrying, and, watchmg the hole “a short time, shot ten large snakes as they came cvut. He then decided to let the nest alone until cold weather. A few days ago, in company with two other men, Mr. Coykendall went to the den armed with a pick and shovel. He commenced digging, and, after having got about twelve inches, he .came.to the snakes. The hole in the ground where they entered was not over two inches in diameter, and at no place did the den measure over two feet in depth; but several holes ran off in different directions from the spot where most of the snakes were snake. Among the blaek snakes are discovered. ,z'l%xere were no st nes in the hole, and the reptiles were simply imbedded in the clay. The snakes when found were in a torpid condition, and, pulling them out one by one, Mr. Coykendall filled a one-bushel cornbasket and part of a bag with them. He carried them home, and, after washing them, placed them in a wooden box. There were eighty-eight snakes in all, seventy-six being the tommon black snake, and twelve the ordinary milk several that measure nearly seven feet, and some of them weigh nearly four pounds. This is believed to be the largest capture of snakes ever made at oné€ time in_ Sussex County, if net in the State.—Montague (N. J.) Cor. N. Y.

—Thomas Addis Emmet, a' grand nephew of the famous Robert Emmet, who was tried for high treason against the English Government and put to death, aied_fin Carmel, N. Y., recently. Mr. Emmet was a prominent civil engineer, and had charge of many important State surveys. He was especially proud of one relic of the Emmet family—a large emerald ring, . which was used as a seal by the United Irishmen in'l79B. At one time the English Government offered a reward of ve 'hundred pounds sterling for its possession—-but they failed to obtain even a clue to its owner. L —lt is strange and sad to think that those twelve glndia.ns don’t come for- : ward to be hanged. What are they thinking about? %Vhere is the boasted kind-heartedness of the red man?— New York Graphic. , —A South American plant has been found that cures bashfulness. It/should be promptly tried on the m/p,n who leaves the hotel by the back /window because he is too diffident to say goodbye to the cashier and clerk. ——eeetlp P THERE lives in New Haven, Conn., a man who can lift 1,800 pounds without artificial aid, and another who can lift 700 pounds with one hand. et P 2 £ - —Hunting parties on-the Plains of Texas report buffalo scarce.

: THE MARKETS. . NEW YORK, February 3, 1880. LIVE STOCK—Cattle......... $7 500 @slo 50 Bheep....iciiiicivnnatn: 3O B 835 Hops..vii iyl Lnd ) @O5 3 FLOUR—Good to Choice..... 5§25 @ 575 WHEAT—No. 2 Chicago......-. 1.3% @ 138 CORN—Westorn Mixed....... 1@ 62% OATS—Western Mixed....... & @ 4815 RYE—Western......c.....eeus 9145 93 PORK—MeESBB.....:.coivieene.. 12 624 @ 12 65 LARD—Steam. ... (i iiieves T9O @ 7% CHEBSE.. .. oiwiihaiesw 1 @ 143 WOOL—Domestic Fleece..... - 48 @ 58 5~ CHICAGO. : . BEEVES—EXtra....... swe.... 5000 @ %5 50 CholGe......conictzsiisane A @ 476 Good...iavairii iy 416 @ &4 Medium. .ii . iilbiviviii s 300 @ 410 Butehers’ 5t0ck........... 23) @ 350 Stock Cattle... ........7z. 200 @ 3.0 HOGS—Live—Good to Choiee 49 @ 465 SHEEP—Common to Choice.. 400 @ 5% BUTTER—Creamery ..:. ..... 2 @ 32 Gobd 1o Choiee Dairy..... - 22 @ 26 EGGS—Fresh........ vicienie. 1B @ 14 FLOUR-~Winter..... ......... 803 @ 6% Sponge. s iriia s4O W 55 Poatentß. oo vidiibvaien 0006 B 80 GRAlN—Wheat, No.2Spring 120 @ 120% ‘Cord, NOUZ... iiiiiin. . %G 87 Oats; No. 8. i iaiin, mug 2% Rye, No. 2. 00l e - 7008 % Ba,rleg. No. 8. Lo i nid Blk@ 82 BROOM CORN— 4 i s s S Reb-Tipped Hur1.......... 4@ 8 v. Pine Green. .. il 04 Y lArerior ... L. e b @ 5% Oroolted dsiavio i .&8 415 PORK—MeBB......o..ccavmense 12 g&&@ 12 40 LARD =i iy @ T 42% LUMBER~—* o . 7y Common Dressed Siding.sl6 00 @sl7 50 © FIOOPINg. ..l vaeisecees 2300 @3O 00 © Qominon 80ard5.......... 12 50 %15 00 Fencing....c.coeceevesessns 1800 @l5 00 llath- s vvanene -‘....‘._b(--n 3&5 @ ’m -A Shmﬂ‘]ﬁﬂ._-.....g---'-.}-s-”--- s m @ s“ o - BALTIMORE. : CATTLE~Best ..c.covvvveie.. $4 B 0 2“ 50 - Meban: il G 0 B 8 N 438 HOGR—GUO(’.'.}‘;"'""v'."-""-"”- " 550 3 g % SHREP.... ... .idioliiioe. 48 600 tl Amw - a}&ﬁl‘]ﬁﬁkk’l‘% e “ - AL ELE=DE . i 9000 @ O 3 !'i:'l;ir tn%nod. 4g @ 4% m)%;ﬁf«ﬁgggs... :‘B ) 48 smy‘%mcn Vs wen .;;*..:..‘1..;: * g a i o 0u1nm0n.,;..,..A.u_';.g-}'u..u-,a“{.;_v o 8 ke