The National Banner, Volume 10, Number 19, Ligonier, Noble County, 2 September 1875 — Page 2

The Hational Banner & w_qu._mfim—mw‘ :T:f:.z?‘;‘l;l e s L T RUSY ° g s B 81_';01213.,. Editorand Proprietor. e i e e oy .LIGONIER, IND., SEPT. 2d, 1875. ; w‘:m _ Bro. MUSSELMAY, of the Stark Co, Ledger, declares. with great postiveness that" Major General Winfield Scott Hancock will be the yext democratic nominee for the Presidency. Not a bad nomination, but the prediction is somewhat hazardous. : _ToE democratic inflation sheets of this State are firing at Senator Mec* Donald for standing by his hard mpn- . ey pringiples while.stumping Ohio for the democratic ticket. That which causes them so much annoyance, makes us feel happy—oh,so very happy. et e Tie Indianapolis Daily Teleyraph has entered -upon its eleventh volume. Under the judicious and able management of Mr. Seidensticker, thie Zelegraph hias been made onge ol the very beést Germgm papersin the country. It is worthy of an extensive circulativn.

YESTERDAY, Califofgia held [an election for State otllcérs. "Three tiekets were in the field—Democratic, Re_publican, and Independent. The Republicans were apprehensive that the failure of the Bank of_California—a Tepublican' Ring institution—would: materially dammage their prospects.

. Tnr Mishawaka Huterprise, a republican paper, is éntit]ed to credit for this sensible remark: “Tlre éx- | tl‘em'é pafiors, both North and South, are making themselves very ridiculous over the recent invitation to Jefferson ;Davis to address the Winiehago County Agricultural :SU(:i(‘b.\", and are magnifying ‘a niole-hill into & mountain.’: o . .

[ THE Ouro Republicans are trying "/ hard to fight ‘the battle of the camt . 1 paign uponfsectztri‘an issues. They .. are waging; a desperate war against -the Pope of Rome,just &s if that dis- . tinguished personage was about to as- : sume control of the Buckeye common- . . “wealth. We consider such conduct S infinitesixlially' small and §lll)ex'la-ti\'ely - contemptible. - fi : o.— = ‘ ‘ . THE MosT shameless rascal in’ oflice | ' seems to be Lieut. Gov. Davis, of Miss- ., issippi—a eunning, but (lespex':ttj;ely_ - | dishonest ‘darkey. It appears. that ~© during the temporary absence of the Governor, Davis occupied the' execu- : tive chair and availed' himgelf of the " power vested in him by issuing par- - dons |to a number _of criminals who could raise a saflicient ‘amount of money to move his:clemency. Con- - . siderable ill-feeling lias been awaken- . ed by these shamefdl {ransactions. - i—4 — B . A PaPER usually well informed up- . on matters of the kind says that more ' Ithan twenty-five per cent. of ~the entire internal reveyue is believed to be : absolutely stolen every year as tlie re- _ . sult of the almost universal corrup- ~ tion of the republican oflicials.* The ' _recent revelations in New York of - fraudulent importations and collusion - with ‘custom house officials, and the, ' raid on the western whisky ring, fur- ~~ nish some idea of the magnitude of the robberies which at last fall on an an overburdened people, in the form . of added taxation. h : : R S L . - DANIEL WEBSTER had very decided - opinions as to the evils of an irre ~ deemable currency. Ile said: “It ~wars against industry, frugality and . economy, fosters the evil spirit of extravagance and speculation. Of all o< " contrivances fin',_f:he(z.tiny the laboring 3 classes of mankind; nothing hasFeer = more effectuat than that 'tl§7‘l',fj,_ delrid-. : ed tiem with paper money’ Ordinary m Iy, ppression, exfessive taxaS fll& bear lightly on the hap- = : o tihe _‘»"é;ty compared . - = wencies. and NE! e } depreciat#e. -IT Is STATED that the rélations of % our government with the Czar of o RusT‘%re not of thatefriendly char~_acterl . "™ prevailed somé years ago. The causé i§ said to be this: Presi- - dent Grant, without justification or - cause, . interfered in some financial - dispute in which Russia was interest'ed to the extent of a half million dollars, said interference beipg. inimical ~ tothe Interests of the Czaflwith whom -the President is now in ‘viery -bad re- ; pute. The belief is quite general that _ this little affair is the true cause of - Russia declining to participate in our - forthcoming centennial celebration. THERE is a conflict ‘of judicial de- > : ‘eisions in New York which will have _ . fo be settled by the United States Supreme Court. The United States disS .'tri’cl’é court for the northern district of | - New York has decided that the usury ~ .laws. of that State do not apply to dis- . counts, made by national banks. It . holds that tlie national banking act is | constitutional in its restrictive pro- - - visions,.and that if a rate of interest - in excess of tlie legal rate is'taken the /. banks forfeit only: the interest on the - loan, and not the loan itself, as pro- ~ .videld by the law of the 'State. The _court of appeal has deciled that the - Statelaw is paramount. In Pennsylva- - " -mia,we believe, the ruling of the district ~ eourt has been held good, - - A cLosEREVIEW of tlie-situation * leads the New York Economist to the ?::Nf eonclusion - that “there will be an ac- _ tive Fall trade. Among the encour- " aging indication of better times is the ~ fact that hundreds of factoxies in the - East which were idle six months ago Rst wich 1l Sondon . Shejron and coal regions of Pénnsylvas, Ohio, Kentugky, Tennessee and - Lake Superior. In addition to this | dhe Sl und West wil pruce 3 - surplus -of cotlon and gréins larger ~ Ing the unfavorable weather 1p many . Nesaliles. Tho monoy for the pur-| T (@,f@f’% R w*%fi

|~ ANDY JOHNSON’S SUCCESSOR. . Hon: D. M. Key, of Chattanooga, who has been appuinted by Governor Porter, of Tennessee, to succeed exPresident Johnson in ‘the United ‘States Senate, is at present one of the chancellors of the State, but has not figured much in' Tennessee politics.— He s forty-five years of age; of decided talent, diffident.and retiring, very popular in his section, but not gener‘ally known throughout the State.— The appointment will .give general satisfaction in East Tennessee, which portion’of tlie State clainied the ap.pointment of Mr. Johnson’s suceessor.. The Legislature of - Tennessee meets !g‘onl‘y every second year, and [its next. | session will begin Jauuary, 1877. Sendtor Key will therefore occupy the seat by the- Governor’s. appointment. for two whole sessions, embracing the long session next “winter, and the short session succeeding the- Presi 1 dential election. The next Legislature, to be chosen in the fall of 1876, will elect aSenator for the remainder of Mr. Jolnson’s term, and will also hdve to elect the suceessor of Senator Cooper, whase term expires in 1877. ‘ o iR i AS TO REDEMPTION. The editor ofthe Lebanon Pioneer, ‘a very clever gentleman but sadly - misguided on the question of finance, 'may e profited by a pelzusal of the sfollowing, clipped from a recent issue of the Indianapolis Journal : — “The inflationists’ assert that ~the whole theory of specie payments is a : I'l':Lml because there never was a time when wfy bank of issue could redeem all-its outstanding notes in gold. In the same sense banks:of deposit are a fraud. ~lf all-the depositors in any bank were to make a simultaneous de;mand for their money, ihére is not a bank inthe world that could respond on_the instant. As a rule, banks .do not keep over about one- third of the “amount of their deposits on hand, and with confidence restored they would not; have to keep that proportion of “specie on hand to keep up specie -pay- - ments. .If our paper currency \\'elre at v par with gold there would be no par-

| ticular object in exchanging -it ‘for gold -or in demanding gold of the ‘ banks. Everybody rémembers the { anecdote of the frightened depesitor—- | “If you have my money.l don’t want "it; if you haven’t it I do.” So long as ’ any profit can be made by exchanging | depreciated currency for gold, men, will be eager to.do it, but that condition removed there would be no particular demand for gold 1}()r'1‘;1s11 on | the banks.” . I o DOWN WITH CORRUPTEON.’ | Gov. Tilden, the brave Reformer, is continuing his determined warfare ‘ against-'the corrupt -Canal “"Ring of | New York. He has quite -recently ! caused the arrest of George D. Lord, a prominent member of the Ring, on a charge of bribery. . This arrest the ‘ Buflalo Courier pronounces “decidedt ly the most startling incident of the reforim war.” The press of New York t scem to-agree in this opinion. Géorge | D. Lord is a member of the Lord family of which Jarvis Iy Lord is the head. Their residence is Rochester, ‘and they are understood to be deeper, in the mire than any other of the ca-’ nal-contractors. — It was “supposed that Govetncni jlf‘i]den'j would touch -them least of all, inasmuch as they have great wealth aygl political influence. This summary .procedure shows that the Governor has deter: mined to “let no guilty man escape.” The action is Taid. for bribery, it being charged-that the defendant, while a member of ‘the Legislature in 1871, was paid for his vote and influence to | secure the passage of a bill'.aWar@g extra compensation to John LATand. The ,amount Of fll’e’ ,thfi. compensaMbw&fiof which sum, it is alleged, George Lord: received twothirds. Bail was furnished in $15,000, and a preliminary, examination was waived. L E i e \ UNCLE SPINNER ON FINANCE. - Gen. F. E. Spinner,'lat;e Treasurer of the United:States, an honest, clever and candid old gentleman—not especially noted for great ability but still a ‘man of considerable strong practical sense and extensive . information,— has recently given expression to his views on the Ques;ti(_m of finance. The General gave his theory as that of an introconvertible bond, bearing inter--est at the rate of 3 65-100 per cent.' ‘Not Judge K.elley’s' ridiculous paper bond, but one bearing interest in gold and ' capable of being honorably and easily substituted for ‘our present Government sixes. ~ He denied being ‘an -inflationist in any sense of the word, but said that, on the other hand, he was no extreme- bullionist, and agreed with nobody -who describes our present currency as a “rag money currency.”. e ascribed the apparent | unpopularity of such a bond to the efforts of the banks to deceive the people with regard to its purposes and effects. But he predicted a time | when their reasons and their false promises would be thoroughly understood, and the people would take the matter into their own hands and de‘mand legislation that was in their in® ‘terest. - The effect of such a bond as this, General Spinner said, had been studied out by him in all its ramifications, and he was not only convinced that it was a safe and wise measure for-Congress to enact, but that it was the only one possible whereby to establish a stable,” equitable-and permanent ‘financial basis® for the Government. - ITe spoke at length of the sil_ver resumption clause of the aet of Congress last winter for which he has ‘only contempt. The Government cannot make a silver dollar that will.be _equal to a dollar in gold without actually resuming specie payments; for whieh- it has made no p,repar:.%ibns. ‘The present silver dollar can never standifor a gold dollai, because it has ‘nd such equivalént value. . He did not. believe that tliere was much signiticance -in _the attitude of the two political parties on the financial ques‘tion. Neither of them understand ‘what they are quarreling about and each is trying to throw more dust | than the other. But hedid believe | thie finangiul issue 4 live one, for it Js | deriget . o

EX-SENATOR PUGH ON PIG-IRON KELo i LEY’S BOND. : : A short time since, the Hon. Geo. E. ‘Pugh, of Cincinnati, was asked what he thought of Pig-iron Kelley’s interconvertible bond scheme. The distinguished Ohioan repHed in these words: T | Mr. P.—You mean the idea of issuing “interchangeable bonds,” so called. ‘ That scheme, as. I understand the proposition, is that the holder of the greenbacks. may surrender them to the government and receive a bond ‘carrying the rate of interest named, three and sixty-five one hundredths ' per cent., and may return the bond at any time and call for the greenbacks. The authors of this secheme imagine that the greenbacks will be surrendered in a time of prosperity, and the “bonds called for, and, also, that in a ‘time of adversity the bonds will be surrendered and the greenbacks de‘manded. This is contrafy to the experience of every observant man. The greenbacks will be surrendered in the time of adversity, and the bonds, with interest; will be taken in their place. - Whereas, when the times are prosperous, and speculation is raging, the bonds will be surrendered, and the greenbacks requived to enter into adventures of every description. Such a contrivance would make our condition, now hardly tolerable, ten times more intolerable. I regard it as one of the thousand contrivances proposed in myday and generation, and as I have read in the pages of history proposed in our country and other countries. long before I was bLorn, all of “which came to nothing, and any of which, if adopted, would prove a .delusion-and a snare. . “Letus,” as Solomon said, “hear the conclusion of the whole matter.” It:consistsin a homely proverb: . “You can not make a silk purse out of asow’s ear,” and so 1 say of paper money. : e

That last obzervation illustrates the point e'x:lctly. " You can no more make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear than you c¢an make a real dollar out of a scrap of paper. : : e

SINCE . M. BEADLE has assumed the editorial in:magement of the Seymour Democrat, the ‘true political gospel is again being preached %o the sturdy Democracy ot Jackson' county. There is no uncertain sound in its utterances on the live issues of the day.

- TnE TURNERS held their twentieth Bundesfest:in the city of New York during the past week: About 1,000 Turners from various parts of the Union were in attendance. = The festivities are described as having been unusually entertaining and profitable.

~NEXT FRIDAY, six men will be hanged at Fort Smith, near Little Rock, Arkansas. They were sentenced at the late term of the Federal court for nmiurder. A little activity in the hanging line is greatly needed these demoralized times. = ;

THE KoxoMo DEMOCRAT appeared last week enlargéd in size and printed on new material throughout. It is now one of the finest looking. papers in the State—well edited, neatly lirinted, and admirably. arranged. Succesé__ to the enterprising young Hendersons.

ABOUT $lOO,OOO was annually squandered by the “busted” Bank of Califor: nia for the entertainment of visitors and speculators. Confiding depositors at last foot the bill. i

Tie FRIENDS of the late W. C. Ralston assert with great warmth of feeling that he did not eommit suicide but died accidentally by drowning while bathing. - e

. JosEpPHUS SOOY, jr., the Republican State Treasurer of} New Jersey, has fled the State, a defaulter to the amount of $60,000. 'LaPorte Chronicle please note. - ’

~ Tne Charley Ross abduction case is at present undergoing judicial investigation in Philadelphia. ‘lmportant developments are expected. ® . e S e == Tndiana Ku JKlux. ; -The Neew Albany Ledger-Standard of Aug. 25 gives the particulars ot a dastardly outrage perpetrated in Crawford county, in this State on the preceding Sunday night. A man named Houghton; who with some other men, about one year ago, went to the house of a man named Saltsgiver and lynched him, made up his mind to turn State’s evidence and intorm-concern-ing his comrades. He visited the town of Leavenworth and gave an attorney all the facts; the names of those engaged in the oufrage on Saltsgiver This came to the ears of his old companions and they organized a band of about - twenty-five who visited his house on Sunday night, disguised, and forced open the door of his sleeping room. Houghton resisted their attack and knocked two of his assailants down. They finally overpowered him and in the presence of his family administered to him 50 or 60lashes with hickory: withes, lacerating his body In the most shocking manner. In addition the scoundfels wounded and lacerated his, sexual organism in a horrible manner. After these Ku-Klux left, physicians were called and they found Houghton in a terribly exhausted condition, his bed saturated with blood, and suffering intensely. IToughton, fearing further outrages, had himself removed to the county jail on Monday night, and locked up by the Sheriff. He recognized severn or eight of his assailants, and has given their names to the authorities. There is'a good deal of feeling in Crawford ecounty in regard to the affair, and it is probably that some of the parties will be arrested and punished, unless they leave that section in haste.

L — - B—— —— - A B_lood-thlrsts: Brute. X CINCINNATI, 0., Aug. 26.—Gustave Humler, of Jamestown, Green county, 'Ohio. while intoxicated last evening, attempted to kill his wife. She fled across the street to the house of a neighbor. Humler followed, and made an unsuceessful effort to get in the house by breaking the.windows. He then threatened to return to his house and kill their child, which was about eighteen months old, thinking .this” threat would induce his wife to come out. But it failing to haveé the ‘desired effect, he returned to his ‘house, procured a table knife, sharpen ed it upon a stone, fook the infant from the arms of his little girl twelve years old, laid it upon the floor, and deliberately cut its throat from ear to ear, ‘He then threw the child and knife upon the bed, and went back and told his wife what he had done. He was afterwards arrested. Ie still. regrets that he did not kill his wife.

A STURGIS SCANDAL.—Sturgis is a go-ahead little town and is putting on metropolitan airs, even to horse railroads and a scandal that rivals even the Beecher-Tilton nastiness. One of our neighbor’s most respectable citizens, a meek and devout church mem-ber-and Sabbath school teacher, a married man has been for several years debauching the minds “of his neighbor’s sons, teaching them the vilest of habits and ecommitting the most beastial of offences. This worse than fiend is a druggist by profession and -used his store and his own home as | places for his lecherous debauchery.— The villain escaped just punishment by leaving town.as soon as his prac‘tices were brought to light.--Coldwa-

ANOTHER CRASH! Failure of the Bank of California. td ! e I' , T e LIABILITIES 14 MILLIONS; AsS. ' SETS 7 MILLIONS. = RECKLESS SPECULATION AND UNPAR | ALLELED PROFLIGACY THE CAUSE® | . . OF THE FAILURE. : \ ¥ s i : The President ot the Bank Commits L ‘-Stuici‘fde. P L The Bank of California, the most extensive "E‘anking house of California, suspended on Thursday of last week. The excitement over the unexpected event was intense. Depositors were almost frantic with rage, realizing that the suspension: was aused by mismanagement and most reckless speculation. Thousands of interested ‘persons thronged the streets, giving utterance to their indignation. They were especially denunciatory of the President of the Bank, Mr. W. C. Ralston. , Ny e Mr. Ralston evidently realized that the in‘dignatio_n of the people was well founded and fully justifiable. This is evidenced by the fact that on the following day (Friday) he committed suicide! This he did by taking poison and then going into the water near a | sea-bathing establishment and disappearing behind a vessel.. His body was soon after discovered floating by the Shelby lead-works. It was brought ashore, still alive, but all efforts to resuscitate him failed. Ile died about five o’clock. Yor g : 1 ' THE SITUATION ON SATURDAY.. . There were few developments Sati urday in the affairs of the Bank of California. The Directors were in consultation all day, bat the result of their délibemtions was kept, a profound secret. The liabilitiesjof the bank are said to amount-to $14,000,000, and their assets to $7.000,000.— The, stockholders will losé all their stock, and be assessed heavily to make good the losses of depositors.— The inquest on the body of President Ralston was commenced, but not finished. Ilis friends are making an effort to show that he died ot apoplexy, but the testimony all indicates -a deliberate suicide. llis funeral took place on Monday. Califoriiia strees ‘was assuming its usual aspect, and no further failures are apprehended.— Except at Los Angelos, where all the banks are temporarily suspended, the failure does not seem to: have affected thie interior. e ‘ RECKLESS EXTRAVAGANCE. _ ‘Mr. Ralston was at the head of the company which owns.the water supply of the ¢ity of San IFrancisco; his associates were in tlie bank, and .the money invested was that of t’hek bank lle has been trying for some time to sell the franchise and the whole property to- the city for the sum of $lO,000,000. o - Of ‘course, the proprietors became immensely rich. Ralston, the Presi“dent, lived in a style equaled by few Princes in Eurepe. . The Bay of San - Francisco was lined with the ecountry seats-of the financial 'nabobs. These country seats, or summer residences, were magnificently provided with ev- ‘ el‘)?'tlning that taste could suggest; or ' money obtdin. Ralston’s place was ‘luxurious in the extreme. It was ‘some twenty milés from San Fran“cisco. The house- was'large -enough to accommodate 200 guests, giving ‘ each party a room, with servants equal to theroccasion. The hospitality ~was profuse. All strangers from Eu‘tTope, and from all parts of the country, were sought out and :made re“cipients of his gorgeous hospitality.— e left San Francisco everyafternoon after the close of business with ten, twenty,. or-more-guests, and, with a ¢oach drawn by four horses driven by himself over- a hard, smooth road built for the purpose, he was able, by relays of horses, to make the distance in the same time with the railroad.— Other coaches followed, according to ‘the number of. visitors. "This house was always thronged with guests, who' were able<to withess during their stay a hospitality that was as unbounded as it was ‘magnificent and costly.— Ralston was not, however, alone in this matter:: The other proprietors of the bank, though not perhaps so conspicuous, lived in almost an'equally costly manner. .As they became richer ev.ery year, so their faiilies grew older and less contented with the splendor around. them. Consequently they packed off to Europe, and for several years the wealth of the Bank of California has been represented in Europe by the families of its owners, and their lavish expenditures. have successfully rivaled those of the richest Princes of the Orient. i

CAUSE OF THE SMASH-UP. Upon this point the Indianapolis \Journal very forcibly remarks: : - Conservative business men will experience no surprise at the failure of the California Bank, and little sympathy for the'sufferers when the truth becomes known. * The fact appears to ba that the institution was in no proper sense a bank, but a huge speculative concern. Its business was conducted not only in open disregard of banking principles, but in violation of all sound businesg maxims. It seems to have engaged®in all sorts of wild speculations.. The president was { utterly unfit to control such an institution, being reckless, impulsive, extravagant, a bold speculator, lavish in his expenditures, absurdly luxurious in his personal tastes—in short, a Pacific coast variation on the late Jim Fisk, except with. more. regard for public opinion. A San Francisco paper says of him: “He ‘had a beld, strong will which, while it bordered on recklessness, was taken for finan-. claltability, «* *: % 4 He was g heavy operator in stocks. * * * -* He lacked the discipline . of early training. If victory did not come. with a bold dash, a reverse was pretty sure to follow. e could work out nothing’ by the patient or slow process of reasoning, He was forward with the first impulse of intuition, either to success or defeat.” It would be difficult to draw more exactly the character .of a man who ought not to be entrusted with the presiflency of a legitimate banking institutfon, or who would be more likely to bring. one that he controlled to.final ruin. Ralston was a type of the reckless California speculator and spendthrift, just as Jim Fisk was of ;the New ¥ork article. Such men are not fit to be entrusted with any legitimate business, for the reason that they knovy .‘ comparatively nothing of sound busi-' ness principles, and, as far 'as they do know, despise them. They are the growth of deranged finances, of a speculative era, and of a demoralized public' sentiment 'They do not appear in times of healthy finances and business, but require morbid ;;!Onfiifif tions to produce them. The future Mhistorian” will use the examples of such wen to matk the wide de;;gifire of the American people from correcs Dusiness. tandards i an age when thousands of men are found who view |

. Mer Glory and Mer Shamé. To the Editor of"él'hd’N,niiOnilé\Bplfner:"n', i Although one of the youngest in the grand galaxy of States, Minnesota has a history—past, present, and prospective—which characterizes her as the gem of the great North-west. The eyes of the Nation are to-day turned toward this wonderful young commonwealth and are astounded at the immensity of her agricultural achievenients. With only a few thousand of her millions of acres of fertile soil in cultivation, she is this fall reaping a harvest that will give new tone and vigor to the entite West, and thrill with joy the flagging interests of the nation. - b La TWENTY-FIVE MILLION BUSHELS OF ' _ SURPLUS WHEAT = . - will be the tribute she can send to the great markets of the East, and this not in the raw material, but manufactured by her own industries into the choicest flour, the intrinsic merits ot which are recognized even in staid old England. . Although ' removed thousands of miles from tide-water, Minnesota is to-day shipping direct to Liverpool flour, blankets and oil-cake, ‘manufactured out of the raw material furnished by hei 'own productiveness. All the elements of greatness are to be found within her borders—an unusually fertile’ and productive soil, boundless prairies, limitless 'folfests, inexaustible stone (fuarri'es, and water power, if developed, sufficient to turn the world; to which may be added another important faet, viz: facilities by river, lakes and railroad to transport all her native products and ‘manufactured articles to the great niarkets of the Rast. In short, the whole State is one broad expanse of hill and dale, mountain. and. meadow, lake and brooklet, forest and prairie, matchless in her fomantic beauty and charmingly grand from. houndary to boundary of her vast domain.’

When age and industry, labor and capital, shall have developed and utilized all these elements of greatness, and when the plow shall have turned into farms the millions of acres now lying in uupr'oducti\ge idleness, then, and not ti]l'then,i will the grandeur and glory of Minnesota be fully realized, or the possibility: of her achie'vqnierits be within the limits of measurement. : Fpe :

Aside from the encomiums just now lavished upon Minnesota by reason of her wonderful agricultural achievements, other matters' not clearly of State pride are thrust forward bringing her into & rather unenviable noto-

riety.- Like prosperous men, States have their'envious neighbors who are quick at Lringing to the surface the records of the past, especially if that record have in it anything questionable. But like men; States should be held to a sfirict performance of all legally just obligations. ' Sk e REPUDIATION. ; Years ago, when Minnesota was struggling for an existence, and when capital was necessary to the development of proper railroad facilities, she issued certain bonds to aid in tlis enterprise, which she has since, in imitation of some of the more aristocratic eastern States, lrepudiated, thus leaving a foul blot on her otherwise fair fame. : : b

THE HON. HUGII M'CULLOUGII, one of the most profound political economniists of the ‘country, and who as a financier reflects the greatest credit upon the State of Indiana, thus refers to this subject in a recent letter from Eurove to the N.Y. Tribune: ;.

. 'The repudiation of her debt by the State of Minnesota, to which my attention has "been called, has been so thoroughly “ventilated” that T had not i-thought it necessary to refer toit. It was not only a crime, but a blunder—an act that admits neither of defense nor palliation. That a State like Minnesota, with a soil so rich and a eclimate so healthful —g State , which lacks only eredit and capital to make her at an early day one of the most populous and wealthy agricultural States in the Union—should, for the purpose of ridding herself of a debt scarcely exceeding twio millions of dollars, discredit herself with her sister‘States, and before the world, and thereby prevent the influx of the capital she needs, is inexplicable on any other ground than thaf her people were temporarily demented. The facts, as I understand them, are briefly these: The State, for the purpose of construction of railroads through the State, advanced to various railroad companies her own bonds, issued in .conformity with her own laws and the provisions ef her constitution—to the amount of s2,27s,ooo—taking from these companies as securivy for her advances their first mortgage' bonds. and also other obligations to secure the payment of the interest on the State bonds which had been advanced to them. Therailroad companies having failed to pay'the interest on the ‘State bonds which they had.agreed to pay, the State foreclosed the mortgages which she held as security for the payment of the bonds she had issued to them, and then delivered the property she had acquired by this toreclosure, for a petty consideration, not to heér bondholders, but to new corporations. The validity of the bonds and their binding. obligation upon the.State. has been established by.the decisions of the courts. The bondholders had nothing to do with the contracts between the State and the companies to which the bonds were advanced, . The bonds were the bouds of the State, and the State was bound legally and ‘morally to pay them, whether the railroad companies ‘complied ‘with their engagements or not. She has not only.failed to pay ‘the interest on these bonds (the coupons due in June, 1859, only having been paid), but under the false im~pression that 'a repudiation which ~could not be effected by a State law could be effected by a constitutional | provision, she has undertaken to prevent her people hereaftér from redeeming her credit and doing justice to her creditors by an amendment of ‘the constition. repudiating the bonds, and prohibiting a levy of taxes for the payment of interest thereon. In ‘view of the action of the Legislature and the people of Minnesota, is it to

T R At B e i L TN | L AN P B I = 3 e e P LNY be wondered at that her reputation has been destroyed, and that a stain has been cast by her upon American credif generally? The language of our distinguished ecountryman,- Mr. Evarts, who reflects honor upon the American name wherever Americans are known, is no stronger (referring to these bonds) than the case demands: “The maxim that a state will do justice to its obligations, and will submit to no coercion of courts and proecess, as a reflection upon its honor, seefns tobe put to open sliame by this freat and prosperous State. Confessedly, the only obstacle to the collection of these bonds from the State of Minneggta, whose direct obligations they ke s the privilege it onjoys lot o b jusiclable T g courk o T, be-

quainted with legal principles, or susceptible to moral impressions, - can dwell upon the features of this scandalous:history of debt repudiated and trust betrayed without indignation.” _ Toremove the above stain from her escutcheon will doubtless be one of the main features-of our next Legislature, and in this they will be heartily 'susta.ined by all ‘fair minded eitizens. ' This subject now engrosses the attention of our people, hence I refer to it as a matter of State news. In mymext letter I.shall endeavor to give 'you some itemis regarding some of our public men who have recently achieved notoriety, by - fair means or foul. . I cannot close this prosy letter, however, without referring to one or two items, pertaining chiefly to the manufagturing facilities and capacities of our own eity, which I find in this evening’s Mail: - “‘Among the shipments from this city vesterday were :3,400 barrels‘of flour and'73 car-loads of lumber, about the daily average....N. McNeil, of Dayton, raised this year 315 bushels of wheat on ten acres of ground and 33714 bushels of oatson eight dcres. .. “My country, 'tis of thee”! : . ‘L. H. GREEN. * Minneapolis, Minn., Aug. 25. :

INDIANA NEWS ITEMS.

The Michigan City cigar factory employs 150 men. : ; Goshen will expend S,S_S',OOQ more on herswater-works. -

A new opera-house in Laporte is.a thing of the future. e :

Dr. Thomas,of the Vincennes Sun, ‘has commenced suit. against the Cincinnati Enquirer, forjlibel, laying his damages at $lOO,OOO. }} . : : -~ Under the new feg and salary law the clerk’s office in Sst. Joseph county is worth about sBoof Poor encouragement for an honest man to accept the position. e

A suit between two liquor dealers in Indianapolis, partners in the “House of IL.ords” saloon, developes -the:fact that the capital stock was $1,750, and the receipts gbout $lB,OOO a year.

One Mrs. Knowlton, of Madison township; St. Joseph county, a lady 63 years old, is said to have gone insane, caused by the teading of novels. She is now in'the hospital for the insane. " Dr. Andrus has resigned the presidency of Indiana Asbury University, at Greencastle. Whetherit was a voluntary resignation or compulsory, we have ‘not, heard. It is not intimated wheo his successor will be. e

George Reynolds, a farmer living a few miles from Monroeville, shot himself through the breast, the ball passing through the léft lung. Insanity is the supposed cause, he having been insane at different times heretofor(!‘y. . : - ¥ & . Thursday night of last week a youth named William Cole 'stole a horse from George Keifer, whose farm lies about two miles north of Elkhart. William ruminates upon the mutability of;;e’rre@sti:fl thingsJin the shadow of the county jail. 5 -

Frrii s el John: Bérry, alias Sam Patch the second, for $lO jumped from the top of the railroad bridge into the raging tide of White river, a distance of 30 feet. | At least:one thousand people were there to see the reckless exploit. Berry made the leap and came out all fight. Pk o ' :

At the teachers’ institute at Crawfordsville one-of the attendants was requested to write a programme of the' previous day’s exercises on the blackboard. The party started out with “programe of exorcises.”’t That teacher, should be immniediately exorcised. . gl

"~ Three masked men entered the house of Williamm Mains, a farmer living near New Haven, Allen county, and after stealing what they wanted, drove Mrs. Mains out of the house, set fire to it and burned down everything. No cause is kiown for the ogtmge., b : : The Wabash & Erie canal between, Fort: Wayne andd.afayette is reported as almost totally destroyed.. This will prove a finishing blow to:this poor institution. * The bond-holders and rot the State will be the losers, as it late1y passed into their'hands by a decree of court.: : e

From the last report of the Indiana State Prisons it appears that of the, 4535 inmates of the Northern Prison, eighty-nine were farmers, and the lawyers and patent-right men had each but one representative. . There are seven times as many single men' as married men. : :

William Coleman, of Jefferson township, Cass county, has been: indicted for incest with his sister.— Coleman is a little ‘'over sixteen years of age, and the crime was committed upon. his sister Alice, last January. The girl was under sixteen at the time. - Coleman furnished bail in the sum of $7OO. ? ; e Monroeville, Kendallville, .Defiance, Columbia City, ‘Newark, -Peru, VanWert, Warsaw, New Haven, and Bourbon, have informed the Chief of Fire Department, Frank Vogel, that they expect to participate in the Firemen’s Tournament to be held here during the Fair. About thirty different companies will be here and more “counties are to he heard from.”—Ft. Wayne Gazette. {

Our State Auditor has recently made a statistical report, showing the difference between the products of "4 and 1875, with the following aggregate: 1874 ‘wheat,;20,825,952 bushels; corn, 73,970,658 bushels; hogs, 2,883, 654 ; cattle, 1,275,256; mules, 62,005 ; horses, 518,192. TFor 1875—wheat, 23,552,009 bushels; corn, 82,780,937 bushels; hogs, 2,408,637; cattle, 1,133,179 ; mules, 61,367; horses, 511,135,

‘The Vincennes Sun advocates an extra session of the legislature, for the purpose of taking steps toward building lévees along the Wabash and White rivers, in Knox county. The damage resulting from the recent floods, 'have undoubtedly “bgen very great in that section of the State, but we are of the opinion that the damage an extra session of the legislature might do, would be far greater than the damage by flood.—Plymouth Democrat. =

. The Warsaw Union has information to the effect that there is an inmate in the Kosciusko County Poor House who is the rightful heir to a considerable amount of property.. It seems that the girl, who is about 14 ot 15 years of age and an orphan never had a guardian and that the estate left by her father is now under the control of her step-mother who has married again. The matter will soon be ‘investigated and we hope justice will be done to all parties coneérned.

TFort Wayne Sentinel: Farmers in ‘the Northern part of the county are being - considerably excited over a mysterious disease that has broken out among the hogs, and whieh is carrying them off by the hundreds. In passing along the road it is no uncommon thing to see from thirty to forty dead hogs lyingabout. The disease generally makes short work of them. Its-first appearance is manifested by wildness and restlessness. on the part of the party attacked; it refuses to eat or drink, at times breaking forth in dismal squeals, then finally it will sneak off to a cornet, med- | ifate appurently, and then guietly He Sownpnddie: . . cooa

— ,-:LATEST—.”M ITEMS. . The Hon. Horatio Seymour, the greatest statesman now living, will deliver an address at the Wisconsin State Fair. : e Cattle stealing and murders of peaceable American citizens are still perpetrated by Mexican marauders on the Rio Grande. = - o : The Calvert Sugar Refinery : Company, of Baltimore, has suspended payment in consequence of complications caused by the failure of Stirling, Ahrens & Co. ‘ : i , Near Fort Gibson, a few days_sinece,' John Kane, a white man; was murdered by two Indians, who then outraged his wife and daughtery-stole the liorses - from® their wagon, and made their ‘escape. = ) :

It is semi-officially: ‘announced in Paris that in consequence of the unanimous wish of France there is now reason to hope that the Catholics of Germany will make no pilgrimage into French territory. , S

A singular epidemic has broken:out among the farm-stock in’ England known as the foot-and-mouth disease. Twelve thousand animals are down with the distemper in Dorsetshire alone, and the disease is rapidly spyead—ing. : ; il A i

The Natifnal- Agricultural Congress convenes at Cincinnati September 22, 23, and 24th. The main (questions to be discussed, %'e'on political economy, taxation as affecting agriculture, and combination and legislation concerning the farming interests. i Captain Webb, an Englishman, Wednesday of last tveek performed the wonderful feat of swimming across the English Channel, starting from ‘Dover and ‘landing; in Calais. The distance in adirectline is twentysix miles. The swimmer was in the water about twenty-one hours. The feat is, we believe, unparalleled. “

- Although there is a great glut of peaches in the Eastern markets the exorbitant freight tarifft demanded by the railroad companies will deprive the west of their shareof the fruit.— Two cax loads shipped to Chicaga last week wete taxefl the outrageous amount of $454.72{f0r transportation. This virtually stopped shipments. The National Gold Bank and Trust Company and ' the Merchiants’ Exclrange Bank of San TFrancisco sus‘pended payments August 27. There was;a run on all the. banks, and the greu{est excitement prevailed on the streets and in business, circles. Mr. Ralston, President of the Bank of Cal: ifornia, which suspended Thursday, committed suicide Friday aftérnoon.

General business in this city, show: uninistakable symptoms of a favorable reaction. The wholesale mer~ chants tell-us that the fall trade promises to be good, and merchdants in every department of husiness say that: they are doing:better now than they, were doing at the same time last year, and this certainly is encouraging.— . The “hard:times” can’t last forever—, that is cerfuin.-CZ:icayo Jowrnal. - !

. The funeral of Wm. C, Ralstoh at san Francisco last Monday was one ‘of the most imposing pageants ever witnessed ou the Pacific coast.— Among the mourners were delega‘tions from all the military and civie societies of the city, as well as representatives of all the manufacturing concerns in: which the deceased was interested., The entire city was draped in mourning as a token of respeet for the late principal banker. °. - ' The Depdrtment of Agriculture at Washington reports the average condition of spring wheat August Ist, in all the States producing it,: except California, as 87.6 per cent. <The-ex-tremes are 98 jin Wisconsin and Minnesota, and 60%n Nebraska. T}:e condition of winter wheat is lot ‘reported, except by a statement that vast quantities wéjqe swept away or damaged in degreds ranging from serious injury to ‘utter ruin. The dverage condition of corn in all the States is 98. i :

- Twe much-mooted consolidation of the Western Union and Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph lines has.at last come to pass, and the telegraph system almost of the entire continentof North America is now gathered 21 into: the control of one vast'monopoly, with an unscrupulous. money .magnate as the: ruling power. - The Western Union absorbs the rival corporation, . the. terms of the transfer being a guaran-, tee of an annnal ‘dividend of seven per cent. upon a twenty-five rper cent.. valuation of the stock of the Atlantic & Paeific, or $2,000. © ¢ 6 o

Dr. A. J. Patterson,in charge of the asylum where. Mrs. Lincolnj is con= fined, writes to :the Chicago Z'ribune denying the recent statement thiat lie has given a certificate that’ she ought to be discharged. ,He did say that, under certain circumstances, it might be safe for her.to visit her sister at Springfield, but she is at present more: perturbed in mind than when he made that statement?to her son, and h,%l denies the chargeé of ‘her being- locked up. She receiyes visitors and has the use of a carriage, ,and visits, her friends in Batavia. i | | o se o e DR

l - Buried Alive. | There was a shocking case af‘pll;'ying alive at South Bend on Monday of ‘ Tast week. About 3:25 p.nr. Lafayette Morgan, who with Frank'M. Lushbaugh and a boy named &ope, was bricking up a well on Lowell Heights, ‘descended “some 40 feet below the ground to his work, when quiek as a flash the treagherous sand closed up the well. The poor man was not crushed at once, but imprisoned. A large force of men were promptly .at the spot and began with desperate en--ergy to dig him-out. They made an -excavation 30 feet in diameter and after this had been sunk abouf 10 feet, Lushbaugh and:Martin Albright, practical well-diggets, began redigging the well curbing the sides as they went down, while others- disposed of the dirt as it was taken out. A little be<: fore midnight Lushbaugh announced that:- Morgan was still alive, as he: could hear him groaning, and presently those working nearestfto him,caught the words, “Oh, my God! Oh, my God!” Lushbaugh was now within-a foot of uncovering Morgan’s head, when the sand caved in a second time, threatening to entoml all those lowest down in the excavati¢gn—and they had to leave poor Morgan to his fate. The corpse was taken out shortly after 2° A. M. The body, says the T7ibune, as near.as’'could be ascertained, was in a . nearly standing position on the east side of the well. = The head was bent forward on the breast and on ‘the back of thie neck rested a curb board: —LaPorte Herald. ViR st B

It is said that the man who made the loudest protest against M. Jeff, Davis addressing the agricuitural so--ciety at: Rockford, 11., is one N. C. Thompson, who sold his slaves in Geor= gia, when he found war inevitable, and emigrated to: the North to shriek freedom in the ears of fhe Suckers, Just why he did not emancipate his’ human chattels previous to that time is what would puzzle an average philanthropist. - P . On the Ist of August the amountof paper currency outstanding was: Le-gal-tenders, $374,824,085; fractional notes, $41,145,393; National bank notes, $348,937,039-<total, $764,908,217, | In 1865 the-aggregate paper currency in circulation was $628,602,000. There | has, therefore, been an increaso of the currency sinco 1805 of $186,216817; of the murteney. = "o = h oo

LARGEST AND LEADING CLOTHING AND HAT HOUSE IN' © . NOMIE AND ADIOINING COUNTIBS. - During the Next 60 Bays! Vvepl()po%e to‘clc;se. 6utétlle balan-c‘e of oll‘u:j | e APRING I\ SUMMER STOCK, i | Andto su(ceed uffel‘ e\:zé}'_);:bmj'ti(»:lé n th;é linl* of A‘ ’; MEN'S AND BOYS WEAR! Atsuch Low Prices as will il Gl Bl

e ENGEL & CO., Oe me ) L Kendallville, Ind. Ay Sl leTsao L et e

fé@jéhhgri‘igtmmfi.

- THIS PAPER IS.ON FILE WITH _ L s ROPRWEI S SN AI.ENTS‘ ; ) ; S g i il g . NV g 2 BB -4 CA : 1 : i Where Advertising Cnn-'nctl can be made.

THEv UNIVERSITY OF WOOSTER.-- Three ' courses. of four: years each. . CLASSICA}: L Ancient Languag{é&. etc. «. PHILOSOPHICAL, ' Greek jamitted. SCIENTIFIC, Greek and Latin omittefl, Modern Languages instead. - Studentsiof | either \gex admitted. Preparatory Department | three years” courses. A full Teachers’ Course ; or tcacher,s admitted to an-electivecourse. Location | healthy, . Board and expenses cheap. 'On the P., | Ft. W. & C. R.‘R. Fall term br.%ins September: | 15, For catalogues address the President, Rev. . A. AE, TAYLOR; D. D.; Wooster, Ohio.. +.7 |

Young nxen and ladies to know that thebest place ‘lo obtain a business. edueation and an -elegans hand-wiiting ig-at the 1, -/ o 2 : - . 5 KW oy % A Worthington Business College, Foledo, Ohio. - éimd for cirenlar and samples of peimanship. - Address: B, ‘M. WORTHINGTON, Toledo,Ohio,: 5 imo 0 TR LS 0 18wd Pleasant and: Preofitable. Employment.—‘“Beautifa] I? "‘,Charmipg 12 *Oh, how lovely I” *What are theéy worth!” &c. . Such are exclamations by-those who sce the Jarge elegant New Chromos prodiiced by .the European and American’ Chromo’ Publishing Co, They are all perfect Gems of Art. No one can resist the teniptation to buy when seeing the Chromos. (‘anvassers, Agents, and lndies and gentlemen out.of employment, will fihd this the best opening ever oflered to make money. - For full particulars, send stamp forc‘fonfld_ent-ial circular, Address F. GLEASON & CO., 738 Washington St:, Boston, Mass.

_Has been invested in Stock Privileges and paid - CENT.X NI I ‘How to Do It,” 'a Book on Wall St., sent free. Tambridge & Co. Bank’rd& Brok’rs,2 Wall-st,,N. Y. FIVED A Q@ “The éhofcest inthe w )r]d—tl}n--1 I{J j&&. p(:rtnrsi‘ prices-Largest ‘Cnmp:my in America'—staple article~pleases everybody— Trade continually incredsing — Agénts ‘'wanted evérywhere—best inducements—don’t waste time —send for circnlar to Ronert WerLLs, 43 Vesey St., N: ¥., P. O, Box 1287 h HOWE,S NEVER-FAILING S Price $l. ‘Hold by Druggists. S $5OO REWARD IF IT FAILS TO CURE. : DR.C. B. HOWE, SENEQA’ FarnLs, Ny Yo - A gEEI{ guaranteedto MaléandFe- : - male'Agents, intheir locality. Costs . NOTHlNGtotryit. Particul’reFree, -4 : & P.O.VICKERY & CO., Angusta, Me. NI(»ST’EXNMM&D!NA RY Terms of Ad- ; vex}'rlsqihg areNn'fl'er?d gor lgegvspaperg in the State of INIDFA . 1.2 Send for list of papers and schedale ot}mt-eis.'AAddvess GEO.P. RO%VELL & CO.,Advertising:Agents, N0.'41 Park Row, New York, RerprTo EVITOR OF THIS PAPER. - R Drs. PRICE & BREWER . I O Sbt | e eAR ISITED LAPORTE FIFTEEN YEARS. - I]'AVE met with unparalleled success in the L 3 treatmentofall \=o = g Chroniec Diseases : ©0 oWaEREE o THROAY, - -LUNg o el - HEART, o . .STOMACH, Ner#ee, Kidueys, Bladder, Womb, ail_d Blo"'ddkffections of the Urinary Organs, Grayel. Scrofula,’ Rheumatism; Catarrh, Asthma; Bronchitis, Dyspepsia, &¢. - . o e i ; Ourreputation has been acquired by ca'ndxd,-hon,-est dealing and years of successful practice. " Our practice, not one of experiment, hut founded on the laws .of Nature, with years of experience l,and .evidence to sustain it, does not tear down, “make sick to ?akq well :no_harsh treatment,.no - trifling, no flattering. We know the cause and the, remefy needed; no guéss ‘work, but knowledge eained by years of experience in the treatment or Chronic sie_ed§es exclmivgfiy; 1o encouragement without a prospect... Candid in our ogjmons, Tehr soriable in our charges, claim not to know everything, or cure everybody, but do lay claim to reason and commonsense. We invite the sick, no matter what their ailment, to call and- investigate ~hefore they abandon ‘hope, make -iptermgatfons _and decide for themselves; it will costnothing as consufiationdefree. .oo 0 3 ‘Drs; Price & Brewer can be eonsnlted as follows: _ Goshen,Violett Hlouse, Tuesday, 28th sSeptemper, .¢ o= lco e R Ligonier, Ligonier ITouse, Wednesday, Septefsber 20th, . " v o E Kendallville, Kelley ITouse, Thursday, Sentember 30th. . - . o 0 _LaGrange, Brown’s. Hotel, Friday, QctoberiBh. oo 7ok ol Uiy - Elkhart, Clifton House, Wednesday, October Bihy. o - cnne il * Visits will be made regularly for years: = = Residence and Laboratery: WAUKEGAN, TLLI-' NOIS ;00 e cahonl i S e

' W.A BROWN, ks Muhp’fnc‘tfiré?gf&iid,l}ea'lérin all Ell{flad'f e FURNITUR E, L e e ;{'“’ SR S e AR Ajf&;.:f{,,,: A " :»".::;’,}T " Gl COFPFINS&CASKBETS cEnaißeE L R R e O R S R R R RR N e i ‘Aawaye bn-hand, ang Will pe.la Roy AL "fi', |lB attended with hearse when. desired, | éfie“w:f@”é%%‘%%‘?fi“l,fa AR s R e o T e P R S ee R A

- & P ¥F. BEAZEL, = : : 1 "r, _ danufacturer®of Saddles, Harness i Dy ALATITUDN 7 kp : ‘ / ‘ bl : : ¥ : s & v‘;:j "TRUNKS. i y Sl : k e:. '=‘J r & ; ; 5 ; 4 LIGONIER, 1 INDIAINA The prn\)ri‘fit.or will be pleared at any time tq wa on'al wiho may wish anything in the line ol HARNESS, . _ SapHrßs . - DRIpLES, . . et A WIHIPS, . i : s L COLLARS, . ; FLY-NETS, . BRUSHES,] L " CARDS, &c_;, siu;l In ffictoverything pertaining tothis '. ' : e of business.

| Especial attention is called to the fact {hat he is | now ‘engaged 1n the manufacturing of all kinds o . mRUNKS, P Which, in o Style, Finish, Durability & Price, Are far superior to those of eastern manun factqre; Call; See and Buy. ‘October3o,’73-27tf , | F. BFAZEL. - —'-——-———————r*—' e el i M. E. KENYON ! . . 143 ? o , (Successor to S. Q Hertzler,) dealer in fine Gold and Sil¥r American and £wiss XX7 . I I ‘ &) )0 ( 3 { _/Q }laving bought out Mt 'S. A. Ilm'tzler‘.' and perrfianently located in Ligonier, I would respectfully invite the attention of the people’ to the fact that Ishall make a specla]t%o Solid Gold and FINE - ROLLED PLATED ; - Jewelry and Chains, ;. e iE’n‘lbracing all of the latest and most approve s sty!es. for I)oth‘ Y LADIES' AND GENTS’ WEAR, ‘Which I shall ofter at prices that will def{ conipe- i tition.| I alro keep on hand a beautiful line of Lt fine golid gold ; A SEAI. RINGS. '

Being a practical ‘workian, 1 shAll pay especial e n.ga practica axgg}?:go thbea 1 pa) eq.pecm . REPAIRING

And adjusting of fine watches, and all work entrusted to me will be done in a first-class manuei " . i .and warranted,

Of all styles done with neatness and dispatch at : o . M. E.KENYON’S, : In the Ligonier Honse Bloek, Ligonier, Ind, Oct. 29, 1874—27 S ; '_.‘..-.Ag..'____‘__‘,u_;rm Ri s L Y ) CABINET SHORP e L . GABINET WARE ROOMS! bR)=Vo ‘ t { e R D KRR R ] W ! Wouldrespectfully announce to the citizensol - | Noble county, that he haz constantly on : ", handalargeandsuperiorstockof . CABINETWARE, Y b b ! | e ;&jngisiih_fiiq.putof. e Foak b DRESSING BUREAUS. SRR RONEN . L T Stk R } e S TARGR, e R b hrrs i e L L eeR e e e S Sl R e : i’_g‘} &) )'\’JMA .: ‘.:,‘\:«;‘*‘ /:-,, F ‘-. «.,-» ‘ » $Sh ‘\’de ib s e NI i ol SR e R e e CHAIRS AND BEDSTEADS, R Ay U N O SR DL PN AT W abl SRR eet Kinds of Work n e