The National Banner, Volume 10, Number 6, Ligonier, Noble County, 3 June 1875 — Page 4

The Farm and Household, e e A . Sait for Strawberries. LaptainsD. Stewart, of Upper Alton, - says: “I wish to add to what I said’ - ~last month about salt. I believe in | - heavy dressing. I find on manuring -the ground that I have applied salt to ~ strawberries, at the rate of thirteen and on&h:fﬁiushpls to the acre. I - did this early in the season to kill the, beetles, and the leaves of the strawberries were not injured. The cut . worms‘were doinggreat damage to my separite beds, eating into the crowns - of the plants, and I applied salt at the rate of twenty bushels to the acre. I consider salt a perfect remedy against ‘many injurious insects, as well ag an " excellent manure for the land.” C «, AGRICULTURAL ADVICE.—The department- of agriculture warns :the farmers against destroying indiscriminately all insect life they come across. A hexagonal mass of eggs: glued to bark or fence rails, sometimes sixty or seventy together, and each egg looking like “a somewhat square flask standing on its own bottom, should be - allowed te ripen. It is the sign of the coming devil’s horse, or reduvius no- - venarius. This insect livesaltogether upon insects. - Beginning with feasts .of aphides, it whets its appetite for - bugs to such a degree that when full ~ grown it will devour caterpillars. by the dozen, a few will sufhice to cléar * an apple tree of these pests. One fam- « ily of them' would keep an orchyrd or . . a.vineyard safe from the devestations - - of the whole insect world.: - oy

: DoN'T KiLL THE Birps.—We - scarcely ever heard the birds; in fact .. they dare not tune their throats for fear of a brave man armed with a gun who prowls over meadow and ‘field, ready at the least gush of music to tear the warbler to pieces with'leaden - rain. We kill the birds and then complain of the scarcity of fruit. Let the birds live and they| will protect and . increase our fruit zp,t‘op;énay they will add to the production of all erops for we verily believe that the increase of - pestiferous insects of all kinds is ow- . .ing to the decrease of birds.. When ~ birds are plenty we never hear of " great crop Tfailures produced by insects, such as now derange markets of the country and impose heavy bur- | dens on the people. It is not only | . fruit, but grain of all kinds is imper- | iled by the absence of birds to protect it. Let the feathered inhabitants of | our fields and woods live—give tiiem a chance to increase, and their services will amply repay a brutal man for the '+ lives he spares.—Exchange e g - Remedy<for Bots. . 1 £ The Department of Agriculture pub-" lishes = the following experiments: - which a gentleman from Georgia tried and found effective in dispelling that serious trouble in horses. About thir- + ty years ago a friend lost by bots a "~ wvery fine horse. He took from the stomach of the horse about a gill of - bets, and brought them to my office tq, . experiment Gpon. He made prepara- . tions of every remedy he had ever - heard of, and put some of them into - each. -Most had no effect, a few af- . fected them slightly, but sage tea more than anything else; that killed them .in fifteen hours. He concluded he - ‘would kill them by putting them in ." nitric aeid, but it had no more effect on them than water; third day they » were as lively as when: put in. A bunch of tanzy was growing by my office.." He took a handful of that, bruised it added a little water, squeezed out the juice, and put somein; they ~ were dead in one minute..~ Since then | . I bave had it given to every horse 1 ‘ have seen affected with bots. and have - never known 1t to fail in giving.entire _ relief. My friend had another horse .- affected with bots several yedrs later. He gave him the tanzy in the morn- _+ ing, and & dose of ‘salts in the evening; the next morning he took up from the excretions three half pints of bots. = e Protect the Crows. - | 2 Over in York county, Pa., a war of extermination is waged against the crows, a reward of three cents being. paid for each scalp. . Instead of condemning it, we areastonished to see] -+ the papers of that county publishing . the murderer of the most crows as a- , . public benefactor. The only crime > charged against the crow by his malignant enemy is that sometimes in the spring, he pulls up a little of the farm- ‘ ' er's corn. Yet he spends-all the rest of the year in hunting up and destroy- -’ ing'the worst insect enemies the farmers have. Crows will even eat potato . bugs, and a farmer who planted his | . potatoes last year, on:the edge of a ~woods had his vines kept perfectly. . clear of the bugs by the érows. * -In addition to this testimony the + . Western Rural relates how a tame ~crow which-had the run of the garden . kept it free from,the striped cucumb: - er bugs, searching for them closely beneath the leaves; and not finding : sufficient employment at home, clear- ; ed the neighbors’ gardens for a dist- °_ ance around. If one tame crow could . thus usefully employ ‘its talents and * time, of| what use. would the whole ~ . family of crows become could we hap-. -pily enlist them in our service, instead of treating them in our present hostile manner, of which they certain1y have caws to complain. -, .- ~ A curious*instance of the ‘conta_giousness .of fear was shown ‘on a . large scale in Strauss’ Corset: Factory - .at-New Haven, recently. A number of the girls employed began talking about the frequency of sudden deaths, = an& became quite soberin their conver- ; * salion, when one of them, morelively . than the rest, to change’ the subject, - Placed a small land turtle i which she had found somewhere, upon the bench of her neighbor, who se¢ing it was 80’ startled that she fainted away. ° This circumstance, coupled with their - former conversation, had such an -effect upon the girls that one after anotlier they fell into a-deathlikestupor, _until seven of them were stretched upon the floor. : One of the men, too, | ~ though evidently struggling ' against the contagion, also succumbed, and __ the foreinan becoming alarmed, sent ~_ 21l hands from the room’ and* shut down work for the day. e

- Vice President Wilson was very handsomely entertained at Nashville, Tennessee. He tells the Southerners ‘that during the rebellion, he urged a vigorous prosecution of the war; but now he as earnestly urges a vigorous prosecution of ‘peace. The sentiment ‘seems to be well received wherever .he goes. A vigorous, healthy, joyful peace, one that will inspire the North- - ern freemen with the conviction ‘that he will be at “home” when he visits, -or ‘makes hi§ home in the “Sunny ' South,” is all that is wanted to restore ' -the warmest friendship and unity. ' Give this and industry and capital will flow southward as a mighty river. - —La@range Standard (Rep.) =" . g 1 " —————‘o*—..-__ : T _ The train that .carried the New ~ York and New England merchants to Philadelphia, to see how the centen- . nmial preparations were progressing, - made the run between the two cities _ in one hour and forty-eight minutes. - The distance is ninety-six miles, and . the »tva;g rate of speed nearly a -mile a minute, Hlt uils said that t;le - Pennsylvania railroad company de- _ sign tunning express trains at this g’d between the two cities during " enough of the high heel hoot fashion E“‘" m ssgert-that il flings spine and reduces tifie size of the calf. o s e R et o

On Tuesday, two mischieveous looking tramps approached the dwelling of Dan. Beyerle, -on the south end of . ‘Third Street, emerging from Purl’s Grove, across the street. Coming inside the yard, they asked the hired girl, Miss Bose, who, ‘with a small child, was alone, for a drink of water. When she offered them a vessel to get adrink with, they cooly walked into the house. Miss -.8. neither shrieked nor ran away, but. followed | them in and asked them what' they. ‘wanted. ‘But they paid no attention fo her, and commenced looking around ‘the different rooms, searching closets, ‘and examining everything. Miss :B. got her eye on a revolver “lying [around loose,” and grasped it just as -the tramps, too, saw it. She was now master of the situation; and at once assumed the. offensive. ' With the child in one arm and the pistol in the hand .of the other, she ordered the ‘rascals toleave. They were at first disposed to make light of their position, but seeing that. the girl was in earnest, they retreated, and leff. - Miss B, would probably - have dohe -some blocdy work, but unfortunately. for society, she did not know how to fire ' off the revolver! She has since, however, taken a lesson in the use of_ fire arms, and the next intruders may not escape so easily. - After the field was cleared of the enemy Miss B. did not abandon the premises, but resumed _her domestic duties, and stood sentinel as faithfully as **Die Wacht am Rhein,” until the return-of the family. -—Goshen Times. : :

. A Queer Divorce. (From the St. Louis Republican,

“ ‘There is no doubt that Mr. Dwight Klink of F't. Wayne, Ind., and his-wife | —formerly Miss Studebaker of Bluffton—are “divorced. Mr. Klink was well known in his section, and had’ political aspirations—his aim being Congress.. He and his wifé had trouble, and one of them, it is not stated which, sued for divorce. The divorce business was almosf settled, and Klink started for Europe to enjoy his- freedom - and ‘a change of scene. Mrs. Klink stayed athome to chew the cud of sweet or bitter fancies, as the case might be with her. Their ways had separated forever. - Neither of them, knew how’ entirely. .At length the ‘final entry of divorce was entered upon the court docket in the absence of both, and the very same day Dwight Klink went down in the Schiller. A divorce was never more emphatically decreed, or more completely consumated.. The ocean confirmed the order of the.court, and’ there can be no resurrection of the case.” The lady is-ex-cused from mourning. ———— -R— - . / A Faithful Friend. : a & {White Pipe (Nev.) News.l . ‘ Judge Dgvis has a Newfoundland dog th ms to be endowed with extraord intelligence, and is very fond oft ldren. The other morning, during thé very severe snowstorm, Judge Davis's daughter- and the dog passed our office on their way to the school house. It was all the little girl could do to waddle. through the snow, but the dog would'Tun a little ‘way aliead and break a trail, and then rush back and take hold of her cloak and pull her along. . This he did until he got her safely intothe school house. ‘He then took up a pogition ' opposite the Luilding, where he could see the children coming from ‘all directions, and stayed there watching until after the school bell rang and all the children were in, and then quietly walked away. The dog knew the children were in danger, and had any of them got down in the snow hé would have been the first to see them, and would have I'el}dered- what aid he'could. .

" 'F.S. CLARK, of Lancaster, Pa., has pdtented an invention which supplies a long felt want. His invention is a method whereby all can secure a brilliant, cheap and safe . artificial light. This patent consists of ‘a self-automat-ic machine, manufactured in-different sizes, which is filled with a- fluid. prepared from kerosene. - The fluid will flow through ordinary gas pipes to the lamps, and in houses where gas has not been used, it operates. equally as well in-connection - with ¢handeliers and side-lights. This machine furnishes.a more luminous and mellow light than gas, at less than half the cost. The apparatus can be made by any tin smith, and is adapted for use in any household. The machine is-on exhibition at the Clifton House, where everybody is invited to call and examine it.—Elkhart Observer. .

The Inter-Ocean of May,2lst was the-largest daily newspaper ever issued. It covered 18 sheets, 144 pages, 864 columns,-and at the ordinary price per sheét would amount to ninty cents per copy. . It contained the delinquent tax list 'of Chicago. The manuscript copy of the tax-list which the paper. eontains weighed 275 pounds, and occupied 13,370 pages. Thirty of the very best compositors to be found in’ Chicago were employed- 36 days in putting it in type, working 1014 hours per day. Five.preof-readers were employed. Tln additien to the above, one man was constantly employed setting up captions and making up forms, and another in proving galleys. . ' - .

Lake Michigan is twenty-three feet hrigher than Lake Erie. So that according to the figures of that old survey, given by Prof..R.T. Brown, to the Indianapolis Journal, the Wabash river at Logansport is twenty-five feet below the level of Lake Michigan, ‘at Lafayette, ninety-six feet, and " at Terre Haute 154 feet beélow the same. The proposed ship canal, we presume, would have.to strike the. Wabash at a point below Logansport; and from the data suggested, we.infer the canal would be some . seventy-five miles in length. with a fall of nearly a foot to the mile—but this is all speculation and conjecture.—LaPorte Herald. -

~And now it is reported that the reason Grant does not speak out and deny that he is a candidate for a third term is because some fellow hgts written him an anonymous letter ‘threatening to shoot him -if he does not. He is bound to show that fellow that he can’t be scared into doing a thing he does' not want -to!l. The story is -about as reasonable as the one in general circulution to the effect that it would be beneath the dignity of the President to speak out and decline a nomination: before. it is tendered to him.—ZLaPorte Argus. ; The Terre Haute Journal says: Jefterson Davis hag'saved his reputation, just :in time, by his speech at Houston, Texas. - He was losing all the respect of both North and South, by his implacable disposition and undying rebellion. But since he .calls upon the old Confederate soldiers to be as loyal to the stars and stripes as they were to the flag of the lost cause; it is a matter of congratulation, and will go far toward uniting the rival sections in friendship and peace. ’

It is now proposed to'celebrate the centennial anniversary of the day on ‘which General . Israel Putnam rode ‘down a steep hill hotly pursued by the entire British army. The event is familiar in the school-boy memory. Wood cuts of thie same are impressed upon his ‘consciousness at a tender age, showing a rear view composed principally of tail of the descending charger and an impressive side elevation _of . the Commander-in-Chief of the hostile fofees. - i

It appears that Judge Taft who in’ the opinion of the Gazetle is the best and ablest Republican in Ohio cannot' get his party’s nomination for Governor. He gave a decision, when Judge, in favor of excluding the Bible -f_romi

A New Temperance Enterprise. The ladies interested in the teinperanee cause in this city have decided to make a new effort of a somewhatnovel nature, in the field they have chossen, which they hope will prove more effectual than crusading. They have rented a building on - West Wayne street, where they purpose opening a first-class restaurant and lunch room, in charge of a man and his wife who understand the business thoroughly. Here they expect to keep, at all hours of the day and until late at night, a supply of choice refreshments, hotcoffee, oysters, ice cream, lemonade and cigars—in fact, everything in the restaurant line except liquors. The front room on the second floor will be occupied by the young men’s christian association as‘a reading room, and the entire third floor will be used for public meeting hall by that organization and by the ladies. The ladies intend to make the establishment as. attractive as possible, and as they do not ex_pect it for a time to be self-sustaining, will call upon those citizens who may deem the enterprise worthy of support, for substantial assistance; which: ‘they .hope will be promptly forth-com-ing. The name of the establishment will be the “Women’s Christian ‘Temperance Union Refreshment Rooms.” —Fort: Wayne Sentinel. .

General Frank' P. Blair, Jr,, is kept alive at St. Louis, and may be made to reecover by transfusion of bloed. About two years ago he was attacked: by a slow disease of the brain and: nervous prostration, induced by hard mental labor, and too much tobacco andalcohol. ‘Entire rest was recommended by the physicians, and he went for quietude and cold water treatment to Clifton Springs, in -this State. Last fall he went back to St. Louis utterly prostrated, mentally and physically. Six weeks ago it was de‘cided to try the experiment of injecting into his veins blood taken from other persons. ‘A: robust workman was hired to contribute three ounces of blood, and it was takef from his arm and injected into one of Blair’s veins. The effect' was very satisfactory, and the operation has been repeated several times | Great: care has to be taken, as the introduction of air. into the veins would cause instant death. = A tubeisinserted from which the air is \\;ithdrawn, and the blood is forced through the tube with a syringe. ' The immediate result is ex-: hiliration and perturbed circulation, and there is danger of transfusing too ‘much blood at a time if the patient is very weak. - "o ; ek b S - : : Tracy’s Duplicity. In a conversation with a Post and Muail reporter, Judge Fullerton, of Brooklyn, tells this fact relative to the double dealing of Tracy, one of Beecher’s lawyers. He says: “When I first knew of the indictment against me by the United States Government some years ago, I wernt.to Washington to ascertain what there was in reference to the case, and what proofs the government thought it had against me. In thé parlor:-of ‘Willard’s Hotel I met Mr. Tracy. He greeted me cordially, and asked mé the facts with regard to the indictment found against e, at the same time proffering his services to assist in-my defense, and tendering to me his consolations for the unfortunate position in which I was placed. I sat with him upon a sofa, and told ‘him without reserve my whole case. When the case’ was brought to trial, much to my amazement, I found that Mr. ‘Tra%y .was the advocate against me, and that.-he used to my advantage the facts which I had given him in this. confidential interview. I also found that. the indictment drawn against me previous to our interview was.in his handwriting.” “

" TuE Republican press of the North has shown great respect for the memory of the late John |C. Breckinridges The following f\romA‘the Chicago T'ribune, shows a terder and just appreciation of the man, and we venture to say that few more enduring chaplets will be laid upon his tomb by political enemies: Lot foas .

- “Over the grave of John C. Breckinridge there will be no words uttexﬁd save those of respect. . He was morfßl, and human charity wifl permit ‘no reproaches upon human weaknesses. At his grave it will be remembered that he was a man of pure and spotless personal integrity; that he was a brave and accomplished soldier, a man of large ability; and equal to the duties of his high office; that he had borne the consequences of his error in. judgement uncomplainingly; that he had accepted his humiliation and obscurity, and that within his broken heart. there was to the last a love of country and a grateful memory of the people who had once honored and respected him.” - = ' ———ceillp & W—eees g Prepare for the Worst. Governor Allen is sanguine. He predicts the Democratic ticket will be elected in Ohio this -fall, by seventy thousand majority. This depends. If the campaign is fought on National issues; if the party is compact, har‘monious, resolute and active in Ohio it may- be successful; but in no ether way. Ohio is a Republican State, and its defection from that line two years ago was due to causes which cannot enter'into the canvass this fall. Itis well to look truth square in the face at all times, and prepare for the worst. —Logansport Pharos, (Dem.) ‘

Tooth ache proceeds from ague in the face, operating. upon the exposed nerve of a decayed tooth. Rub the gum thoroughly with the finger, wet with Johnson’s Anodyne Liniment, heat the face well, and lap a flannel wet with the liniment on the face, also put a little of the liniment into the cavity of tHe tooth on cotton.

The system frequently gets out of order and should be at once regulated, else other troubles will ensue; when physic is needed take Parson’s Purgative Pills; they are a safe, wholesome, and natural medicine. %

General Roger A. Pryor will appear no more in the great Beecher case. His health is far from good, the bad air of the court room having proeduced serious effects on his constitution. General Pryor’s physicians have reeommended ‘a sea voyage, and he will soon go to. Virginia via the Atlantic. General Pryor expresses his surprise that the nevyspaper men do not sueccumb to the physical horrors 'of the case, and he has grave apprehensions concerning Mr, Beach'’s ability to hold out to the end.—Brooklyn Eagle.

HERE is a terse bit of advice to corTespondents of the press, amateur and professional, ' done in r&gme y it is quite a good thing in its™way, and we commend it to our own correspondents: ‘ : _ iti ticle for th : ; TRRRE S . To uiter yeur thoughts Irnthe fewest words, And let them be cri? and dry; ; And when it is finished, and yon suppose . It is done exactly brown, Just look at it over again, and then : . Boil it down, : A colored preacher remarked: “When God made de fust man He set him up agin de fence to dry.” “Who made de fence ?” interrupted an eager listener. “Put dat man out!” exclaimed the colored ‘preacher; “such questio&a as dat 'd destroy all de theology in de world.” | i

: e ————l & — James Mcßurney, of Hannibal, Missouri, came to St. Louis to find a place to put his insane wife, but being unsuccessful he became very despondent: and much depressed in spirits; went into the cellar of his brother’s house, where he was stopping, and ,hang«‘; TSRO e e M

SPEARING of the fifteen million claim of the negro teamsters, cooks, laborers, etc., who were in the Govern-. ment employ from 1862 till the close of the wai, and alleged to have been forcibly extracted from' their wages by Mr. Stanton’s Quartermaster at therate of $5 per month, prompts the sarcastic young men of the Cincinnati Enguirer to observe that it doesn’t appear where this “contraband fiund” went, and the law for its collection is not visible to the naked eye. But the negro is rapidly learning “what Governments are for.” He wanfs an appropriation.— The present Secretary of War knows nothing about a “contraband fund,’ ‘and he is sure that-he has no such ‘money to disburse. Such a fifteen ‘miilion request, ten years old, would ook suspicious but . for the fact that it is presented by the black man, who, of course, is honest and loyal and can not err. The black man is swiftly becoming acquainted with the modern “American system.” ‘

THIs is the style in which the Memphis dppeal talks it: “If the result of the next Pr_es?dential election depends upon the prudénce of the South, the victory is already “won; for our people are a unit in proclaiming that secession is dead; that slavery is dead ; that the Confederacy has expired; that no one proposes to exhume its remains; that we dismiss all our resentments, and ,propose to cherish no recolection of the war, save the memory of the brave men who reflected honor upon American valor.” There isn't a particle of that “old rebel yell” in this manly and unquestionably sincere utterance: . ‘ : :

AN EASTERN JOURNAL explains the direct cause of those gigantic revenue frauds in this manner: In the western. States; where grain is cheap, it costs 20 cents to make a gallon of whisky. Upon an article worth 20 cents” Congress levies the enormous tax of 90 cents, which is equivalent to offering ‘a preminm of 450 per cent. upon rascality. A rogue who doesn’t pay his whisky tax has a margin of 100 per ‘cent. of profit after dividing 350 per cent. with government officials in order to secure immunity. Could better legislation be devised to break down honesty and build up dishonesty ? ‘ :

. THE PROPERTY of the Northern Pacific railroad company, except certain lands and land grants, is to- be sold at public auetion in New York, on the first Monday in August, under a decree of the United States Circuit Court, in a foreclosure suit. . The lands and land grants excluded from the New York sale are to be sold at designated places "within the States and Territories where they are situated. This is probably the initial movement toward putting this property in the hands of parties' who can push it to completion. , o

Hox. HAMirLToN FisH, Secretary of State, gives notice that the pamphlet edition of the laws of the second session of the Forty-third Congress, prepared pursunant’ to law, is ready for sale at the Department of State. The price, as fixed by law, is 65 cents; The vohime can be forwarded by mail on the receipt of the price and 6 cents, the legal postage, additional; or by express, as the purchaser mg;y direct, in either case at his own risk.

Manhood: How Lost, How Restored!

| Just published, a new edition of Dr. Culverwell’sCelebrated Essay on ¢the radical ¢ure (withoui medicine) of SPERMATORRA®A or S§gminal Weaknesg, Involun Seminal Losses, IMPOTENOY, Mental and Pht;‘g:al Incapacity, Imlgedimeuta to Marriage. etc.; also Consumprion, EpiLepsy and Frrs, induced by self-induigence of sexunal extravagance, &c. - 2 e ! & Price, in a sealed envelope, only six cents. The celebrated anthor, in this admirable Essay, clearly demonstrates, from a thirty years’ successful practice. that the alarming consequences of gelf-abuse may by radically cured without the dangerous use of internal medicine or the application of the knife; ,poxntiqg out a mrde of cure at once simple, certain, and effectual by mcane of which every sufferer, no matter what his condition may be, may cure himself cheaply, privately, and RADICALLY. 3 : Ba~This Lecture should be in the hands of every youth and everr man in the land. ‘ Sent under seal, in a plain envelope, to any address, post-paid, on receipt of six cents or two post_stamps. . e Address the Publighers, 9 51yl CHAS.J.C. KLINE & CO., . 127 Bowery, New York, P. 0. Box; 4586, KINGSFORD’'S { OSWEGO : PURE AND ° | SILYER GLOSS STARCH, - For the Laundry. e MANUFACTURED BY T, KINGSFORD & SON, .| THE BEST STARCH IN THE WORLD. GIVES A BEAUTIFUL FINISH TO TIHE LINEN, and the différence in the cost between it and common starch is scarcely half a cent for an ordinary washing. Aegk yoar grocer for it. KINGSFORD'S . OSWEGO CORN STARCH, For Puddings, Blanc Mange, Ice-Cream, &e. Is original—Established in 1848. 'And preserves its reputation as PYRER, STRONGER and MORE DELIOATE than any other article of the .kind .offered, either' of the same | name or with other title. STEVENSON Maoapawm, Ph. D., &ec., the hifhest ‘ chemical authority of Europe; carefully analyzed | this Corn Starch, and says it is a most exceﬁent drticle of diet and chemical and feeding properties is fully equal to the best arrow root. ; Directions for making Pudding, Custards, &c., accompany each one pound packages. 51-3 mos. For Saleby all First-Class Grocers. NICHOLS, SHEPARD & CO.'S ‘TIBRATOR” THRESHER. The Bﬁll.l.lAN'l‘ SUCCESS of this Grain. Saving, ’l‘ime-uvlnf THRESHER, is unprecedented in the annals of Farm Machinery, : In a brief %?rlod it has become wldel‘ known and FULLY ESTABLISHED, as the “LEADING THRESHING MACHINE”

- SGUOROLY SHEPARE R B gun : ALYy ] > B TR | w‘m.!.‘iﬁ-‘l“ ’{ - : “u ‘el gey ‘fn_\——muml . R |=R U GRS e\ 7 i A b i G BN A GRAIN RAISERS REFUSE to submit to the wasteful and imperfect work of other Threshers, when posted on the vast superiority of this one, for saving suin. saving time, and doing fast thoron&h and economical work, THBESHERMEN FIND IT highly advantageous to run 8 machine that has no ‘' Beaters,” “Pjckers,” or‘*Aprons,” that handles Damp Grain, Long Straw, Headings, Flax, Timothy, Millet, and all guch ‘difficult ;;rain and seeds. with EN~ TIRE EASE AND EFFECOTIVENESS, Cleans to perfection; saves the farmer his thresh bill bg extra saving of Eraln' makes no ** Litterings ;" requires LENS THAN ONE-HALF the nsual Belts, Boxes, Journals, aud Gears; easier managed; less re‘rolr-- one that grain raisers prefer to employ and walt for, even at advanced prices, while other macfu_nel are. ‘‘ont of jobs,” . Four sizes made with 6,8, 10 and 12 hiorse “Mounted” Powers, also a speeiality of !erutou ‘slone,’ express. Iy for STEAM POWER, and to match other Horse Powers. 5 1f interested in ralsing, -or threshin pise m:ﬁ'mtuuf'é'n‘imm;(éw rans) with full particalare of sizes, styles, prices, terms, etc, A NICHOLS, SHEPARD & 00., ' i @é—,fiﬁ'ﬂ_‘;-“ "‘,,-;T;Lé}_r:fvf-' !V#";w<‘<=i-"‘,~~"?

| .Ax;noﬁizc'enﬁént for the sPﬁng Trade of§l’B7's-‘. - Great Attractions! = - o - Great Offering ! SPRING DRESS FABRICS! b ‘»f’ AT TEHEB | S ONE PRICE CASH STORE! Blegant Dispiav of New and I'ashioha;blé e Styles. = 4 The Most Complete aqld Elegant Stock of -Fahcy and Domestic Dry o ol G&pds inNorthern Indian@. [ ‘ We Are !Inabled té'Give Bargains in All Kinds of Goods!

OURSTOCKOF = . Ladies Linen Suits i SHAWLS AND "FANCY AND WHITE GOODS Is do‘mﬁlete and Very Attractive. Comsumers :vill Serve iheii- Interests by l'lakingrit a sﬁeéial RPoint 13 Call and Examine our Large and Magnificent _ “Assortment of Memns’ anll Lft_dies.’ ; ' ; SHOES & GAITERS, Flannels, Blankets, Jeans, Yarns, . DOMESTICS, 0’ f Every Style ancl Quality, 'Qefore Rlaking‘Selectigns l-llséwh'ere. Our stock compilise‘s a vast collection from which all classes can ; make selections ac_cording to their tastes and mea_h‘_s. : A VISIT IS ESPECIALLY SOLICITED. ILadies, Don’t Fail to VL_ook at 011”14 Line_n, tcoNtEs, repfiN. ~ JACOBS & GOLDSMITH.

LOOK! LOOK! LOOK! el s ' umws yourms avpmovs CLOTHIN G! Sl b Glents Purnishing Goods, PRICES LOWER THAN THE U e [

: : a 0 St e ; Parties purchasing goods of us will bear in mind that our Stock is entirely new, has been purchaséd at Bottom :F'ig:ures; ‘, "+ and that we will sell goods at least - 20 Per Cent. Lower Than Any Other Firm in This Town. or Connty. We Have AU-Wool Suits Which We Will Sell at $9.00. . All'We Ask Isa Trial. | ik Store in Room No. 1 of the Banner Block, Cor., 4th and Cavin Streets. : = i e = 4 e — e - res o ] We also sell at the same place all kinds of Furniture madé by © E.J.Dodge & Co., at lower prices than any } o ~~° other firm in town or county. SNN b B T

- IN THREE IMPORTANT TRIALS. = For General Use, Lightness|of Draft, Ease of Management, Quality of Work, Simplicity and Durability of = | ‘.: Construction, it has no Equal! ot At Ashland, Ohio, August sth and 6th, 1874, the ~ * = - was declared, byyﬁve disin'terested‘ aﬁdfimpartial_J ild'ges; tb be THE CHAMPION PLOW:ON THE GROUND, . ' : in the_fplloivi‘ng six poix-lié of %Xcellénée:v ).~ ¥l . Ist.’ Draft in Sod, , . | Ath. SimplicityofConstruction, 2d. Praft in Stubble, ‘ Sth, Steadiness of Running. Sd. Qualityof WorkinStubble, | 6th. Ease of Managzcment.

It"was also the Cheapest Plow on the Ground. The following is a detailed Report of the Committee, published in the Ashi S land T'éimes, of August 13th, 1874: d hih 8 Names of P10w5............| BRYAN. | So. Bend | sl':j_i-g-i_(.’"-I(mperia'_l.._l,m.'t;‘.-éu_i'us‘,] Shetny. | —_— el e, e _.__“J_._______ Ist—Draft in 50d...,..........| 59% 850 |6B "Jo’ss‘% i eaang ‘ 814 2d—Draft in 5tubb1e........... 34024 1 4003 78588 e 800 ) > 85340 . 880 3d—Qualityof Work in Stubble] 18t | ‘2a " | ed irea . s b oed 4th—Quality of WorkinBod. .| 84 | 1.0 fiia Felo { 2 zl,;st; _ sth—Simplicity;of Constroction! Ist S e oo e g 2 cingaea et 6th—Steadiness of Running. ...! Ist ket e e e R 7th—Ease of Management...... Ist Ceun e | et afan ity :5thf—Dura1)11ity................. od celge ‘ .'."';"_' “_5,'..‘.'.'.’. { :.,lstx; ,A%, 2(] - We, the Committev, consider THE BRYAN 'uie'n;sftlél'owi o the;ﬁropnd,“.tfxé M; L. o Gibbs second best, and the Shelby third-best. = . " 200 o B DANIEL AMBROSE, s i b LAO WEBTM AN ALFRED SLOCUM, . JOHN SEIBERTS, - pMANUEL MOORE. i At Kendallville, Indiana, May 7, 1874, the BRYAN PLOW carried off the Victor’'s Palm, = . =~ l Draft in Sod. !Drnﬂ in Stabble Qality oﬂ\'éri.QuQiit}j’o'ﬁ'ji"o‘rk ; i 00l s imeSede L in Stabbles: 5 BRYAN Pr0w......c0000 i 562% Ibs 3582 Mo el et T od e 2 Sonth Bend P10w...............i. 818 v I 1408 Ml O soud il aRt - Kendallville P10w.............| 7_12,1,;._“, ' 384 ‘.v‘,' J ; :2(1 LR : 2d Lok GEO. SAYLES, Chairman, | et T hERATAT MYERS,” S. B. HOMES, " [FREEMAN PABER.:. WiLLIAM BAILEY. At Van Wert, Ohio, April Ist, 18‘5'_4; the BR‘YAN P‘iJO.W.ivns‘:ls to 100 POUNDS LIGHTER DRAFT than any other FPlow on o the Ground doing the same work. = 2 e Phe lol]c»wingri‘s a repor’t,’of- the triali the (Ifarg'be'jng ,t;_gtl\(en‘ll)y;flo:‘ns Sinckev: 5 ‘ : The BrRYAN PrLow, No. 2, fwelve inch cut. ... L —_M_woz)oﬁu—n_d_s— Bureh, or North Fajtfield Plowa......oodiios (Nodiit i oidi s % 1 South Bend Plow, No. 40, twelve inch:cut... .. .‘5 el \ Sl B 0 N g o ¢ ¢ No.Bo, ten ahd omeshinlf inehiént. \ci eBo 880 o fp o ¢ . No. 20,:ten inch cubie sov .'.\i».....;.". A 0 Ball PlOWlVr..\ ’4SD BViien Columbus Plow . ... ... io i iii s s 00l \AL Fort Wayne Plow. ......i ... cotviiiemn dun oV 500 0 The signal victories which the BRYAN PLoW has achieved; in a number of : trials in which the leading plows of Ohio, Indiana and Michigan =~ = . . were engaged, must make it pre-eminently’ = . | The Champion Plow of the North-W est. . WE CHALLENGE COMPARISON with anything now manufactured in the line of Plows. ~ East Side Cavin Street, Ligonier, Indiana.

{55 Remember we also sell the celebrated (i’?quillardT Wagon and keep constantly on hand a complete stock of Shelf and Heavy Hardware, Nails, Lath, Shingles, Farming Implements, etc.. -In short, if yow need anything in the Hardware line, it will be to your interest to give me'a call.” . ... . -J. W, Ligonier, Indiana, April 22, 1875.—952-Bf, =~ -4= .= 0o G

Gerber, Treash & Kriechbaum, _ ' »—'—-—‘—MANU'FACTU:I}‘ERS br e D 776; S ;“ .' “ o .v/ 3 FARM, FREIGHT AND SPRING WAGONJ - Light Buggies, Carriages, Plows, Shovel ‘Plows, o : o —AND xv‘Aanyoir'.__,._ e S ‘We Manufacture and offer the above ébodé.‘tb .t_,he; p‘ulalic, cbnﬁdeht that t'h'ey_ are equal to any in the market. We are prepared to make all kinds of Castings on short ‘notice. Having added greatly to our facilities, we are better than ever prepared to do all kinds of Jobbing, and would call special attention of MILL MEN, and all others using machinery, to our Improved ENGINE LATHE, which enables us to do all kinds of MACHINE REPAIRING. Our CARRIAGE DEPARTMENT is conducted in all its branches by EX- ‘ - PERIENCED MECHANICS gl o j&Special Attention given to all kinds of Wagon and_sy Carriage Repairing; Blacksmithing, Painting, Trimming, &c. Thankful to our friends for past favors, We cordially invite them and the public in general to give us a call, feeling confident that we can make it to your interest to examine our stock before purchasing elsewhere... | ~ Office and Works—Corner of Ist and Cavin Streets, Ligonier, Ind. - March 11th, 1875.—46m3 ° SRR e T ; e

The best ‘place in Noble and adjoining counties Y to buy ;| Lo Substantial and Durable Trunks : Co—igat— i . A.-METZS, 3 : 7 : lv;: Ligomier, : : : Indiana. e has just recelved a splendid assoriment of . Trookewhichhe willsellat _ Very Low Prices, much cheaper than a similar article can be puri - chased eleewhere. Callandsee.. ° i o i I‘ s ; . : e ;I':’j‘ : b 1 " : Focpon e d i ':‘,:,C’ £ BEHOL, Cail at'my ERo ')"' U ascoriain | ‘,.;,%{L;-p ;-‘s%‘-@2. f“"ﬂ :“:,:Né? o «;f’g’;\ v‘é‘wm?‘!a;:ffl");y e ""5’9«,}4%; Oct. 79, 1874,-97 . ' AW e e e

. - FOR THE FINEST Z §4 s I-—v—«)—-/ Sk o ‘ e M U WOMEN AND CHILDREN, ORI O F. W. SHINKE & BRo. Lined Boots made toorder LN e e LRGSR

“ gi B 5 ,?.*';'::‘ . - b ‘1};1"’-‘;-' e Huil Road Divectorp. 'érd,.&:»—u\“.%;Au»"W e Lake Shore & Mich.South'n R. R. On and after xa\{ 28d, 1875, trains will leave ; . f.; o Stasions asfollows: < ..o o : - GOING EAST: o 62 © Sp.N.Y.Ez. 'Atle.Ez. Accom. Chicag0.........920am.... 585 pm.. .} - . | Eikhart......... 120 pm.... 9507 ... 830 am Goshion,, i-0 140 7 010 gey Millersburg.... 1158 ...tlO2B . ..... -gw’ ‘ Llgonle{;......xﬁu oo ROAR: L 996 Wawaka....... 1295 ...410085 '.. 8840 Brimfield...,.. 1285 . ..¥llOB ... 950 - Kendallville.... 247 ~..1118 .., 1005 ‘ ArriveatToledosos ....240am........ . G . GOING WEST: : : _Toledg. ~...»....,lé 10 pm. .. .11 25p%5.... . .. pm Kendallville.... 220 pm,.... 242am....1220 Brimfleld ...... 1285 . /...1259 ....1285 - ‘Wawaks....... 1245 ~..1309 ...(1246 z Liﬁonier.}....'....aﬂo Jhaerd 80 sooi 00 | Millersburg.... 315 ... 1387 ..., 116 Goshen...i 0 885 [..0355 ... 1185 ; Blßhart . ....... 400 ... 410" ~..205] ArriveatChicagoB2o° ...' 820, .... 630 pm tTrains do not stop, ", = . b E'xpreu,len.veeda.ﬂ{ both ways:" 5 : CHAS. PAINE, Gen’lSupt. Cleveland, J. M. ENEPPER, 4gent,Ligonier. ; .y . VLS 4 Pittsburg, Ft. W.& Chicago R. R. ; - From and after May 234, 1875. : e GOING WEST, - d ey Nol,- - 'Nob,' ‘ No 7, No. 3. S FastEx: Mail. Pac Ez. NightE=. Pittsburg...... 2:ooam ... am 8:00am' 2 00pm ' ‘Rochestér..... 3:o9am ' ... am 9:22am 3 JBpm ‘Alliance....... 5:25am ... am 12:30pm’ 5 54pm 0rrvi11e....... 7:loam ....pm 2:25pm 7 Blpm Mansfield...., 9:o7am ... pm 4:iopfm 9 28pm Crestlire,..Ar. 9:4oam .., pm s:lspm| 9 55pm Crestline’. ..Lv.lo 00am 4 50am 5 35pm 10 00pm F0re5t......:..11 |Bam .6.30 am 7 27pm 11 24pm ‘Lima......,...12 20pm :8;10am 8 45pm 12 27am Ft Wayne..... 2 40pm 11 20am 11 35pm 2 558 m Plymouth..... 4 40pm .2 25pm 2 35amt 5 25am ;Chicagp .. ..... 750§m 6:2opm ‘6:3cam 8 50am GOING EAST. Tisi : Lot oNod, No%, ' NoB, | NoB, ¢ z | ‘zigktEx. Fast Ex. Pac Ex. Mail. Chicago,...... 9:2opm 9 20mn 5 35pm | 5 17am Plymouth. ;.. 12 50am 12 15pm ‘9 05pm 9 20am Ft Waynel.l. 3 50am 2 45pm 11 45pm 12 20pm Lima.......... 6 15am 4 35pm 1 55am 2 4Upm ‘Forest...:.... 7 36am 5 34pm ‘8 olgm 3 56pm Crestline . .Ar. 9 20am 6 85pm 4 402 w 5 3ipm Crestline ..Lv. 9 40am 7 15pm- 4.Zoam .. am Mansfleld .....10 20am 7 48pm 5 20am ....am Orrville,..\.. 12 45pma’" 9 83pm . 7 10am ....am * A11iance....... 3 06pm 11°i0pm - 9 00am ... am Roehester..... 5 40pm* 1 (7am 1t 12am ... ;m Pittshurg.... . 6 55pm £ 10sm 12 15pm ... pm No. 1, ?aily,&excegt Mond#ly; Nes 2,4, 5,7 anr{)s, « ~dally except SBunday: Nos. 3 and 6 daily. ) . { J F.R. MYERS, . i _GeneralPassengerand Ticket Agent

; s s /] & . i Gr. Rapids & Ind. and Cine., Rich, E 2 B ! s Tg, Wayhe RoR. [iauri . . Condensed Time Card, February 21, 1875, i Statioas. C&GRNight C&GRDay Pbrtl. GOING NORTH. Express. Express.)Accum. e INOL b 2 No L 3 1 PNe T Cincinmm} CH&D.. 700 pm, 730 am. ...... . Hamiiton R R....ar. 802 ggo « Richmond..p. i vee o AF. 7942 8 1095 Richm0nd,..........1v. 1000 ** 10300} 4 oCpm VWinchester. ... ..o, cll3B * . 4137 ¢4 Fl7 o -Ridgeville: ....0ani...12.02am 1158 *¢ 549 o Portlahdy-Zooiiel. i 1281 19 94pm 610 ¢ CDECREIE. . ciiiihll s TaB 1 301 Fort Wayne, D..... .o % (320 am- 2-65 pm ... .., ForvWayta Abe . i 10 BNE 0 1 ogg ] T Kendallville .oic iOO 487 % 419 ¢ AR LaGrange ol L Sol hiey st 501 ¢ o LR et e cva o Dbt BG il Brurgisesosiiz ot o niiig 56604 U5BO No ‘l, ¢ Nieksburg (oo ol o 0 609 40 Gag Express Kalamazoo. .. .......ar 7304 4705 ¢ e Balawiazoeo, . oc. . _L.ly 743! 720 % "9 15pm; Montelth goos il L R . 50544 3012 4 Grand Rapid5........a.1000 ** 935 ¢4 430 ¢ Grand Rapid5........d.J015 " 7Coam 440 ¢ Howard City........... 1235 pm 905 *t 6.45 ¥ Up.-Big Rapids.;:..... 143pm1007um 744 % Reed Clty 00l ol g o 29140 10148 % g ggie g Clam Lakg..........0r 2400 ¢ 1220 pm 1000 % Olgm Takesc Lo vra a 0 Y s \\",zﬂl(m:,.‘.. ) D 5 TR Petaskey i SBl Lo 850 0 o i ¢ PHRLCNight CL&C GR&ECDay GOING SOUTH. - Express Express Express Stations ; SoNOLB. ONo B No 21 Petoskey oan i ol Boy Lol e R WAL e L i Rk e Clam Lake.....c .obar. 1080 .. il e Clim Lake..........1v.10 50 **— 4.50 'am 260 pm * Reed City...... . :....1226pm 6%6 #« Bagse ' Up. Bi§ Rapids...i 411054 . 708 [, 416 Howard Cltycocu.c . 092 11 “PIRII 04 §oyise. .Grand Rapid5.....0.8..0415 ** 1015 *“; 795/ {Grand Rapid5.......d.. 430 ** 1110 ** '72sam' | iMonteith. .............. 559 ‘“ 1239 pm 8855'¢ Ka1amaz00,{........ar.. 645 125/ "941 & ° “Kalamazoosis. i.o Iv. 705 ¢ (oL 980 GVICREDIYPOE Bl it tace YBR Y (L loigr e Stargiee Gt Dy oit Bad e [ 1] D lse, Too 00 L I LaGrange ..ol oot Q4L L 0 1B Kendallville. i0cci.....1006 ** /..., 0. 184Spm Fort Wayne.........ar-1125 * ( (.. .1’ '200% Fort Wayne.........1v.1225am 'Portland 225 ** Deécatur... A .-in .oy I3\ < A¥com.t 318 % Portlang. . 00l ... 5. 933" 700 lam 428 ¢ Ridgevilie. .. .. .coic.- 805 <0 79814 t/ 45885 & Winghester .. .. )., ... 3380 T F 7 Rxc%m0nd.........i..ar,. 000 ¢ 910145 . gRSH-. Richmondco b o v, 556 il 18808 Hamilton Y C'& D...... 753 i+ ...... 826" Cincinnatlf RR......ar 900.¢* ....... 9925% I -t J. H. PAGE, .. . Gen. Passengerand Ticket Ag’t. FORT ‘WAYNE,; MUNCIE AND CINCINNATI ® RAILRCAD.—‘* Muncie Route.” ' Condensed time card, taking effect Feb. 7, 1875, ' 'a. GOING SOUTH. A ¢ 1 g s = Cinc'ti Mail. Ind’s Ex. Muneie A¢. Detroit....o 0.0, 1020 pm 540 pm . peeas Grand Rapids.....lo 15 12 00 5aginaw........... .l 888 JHdaaunin Jack50n.:......... 540 am ‘9 40 25 ieast _Fort Wayne....... 150 pm 210 am 5 00pm OStan s ioda s oaic 246 |R b 8 617 "\ 81ufft0n............ 320 pm ::3 28 271005 Keystone.......-.. 349 732 ‘ Montpielier,....... .3 57 4 03° '8 00° : Hartford ;......... 4,20 4 25 840 Baton:. =iu iliioi, 440 441 910 ¢ Muncie:..i..Li.-.. 510 510 955 - McCowans.... ...." 525 meneri i U S Newcastle...{.«..- 605 - . ... : Cambridge City... 6 42 creien i BeesOnß ....o s dua T 00. dies ko ke s Connersville...... T 15 ‘lndjana&)bl_is...... 718 723 am: . JLoil Louisville..... ...12 60 1-10pth i uiaity Cincinnati........lo 25 Sonio y g GOING NORTH. . . ! L ; 2 Sst | 6 \ Cine’t Magl Indis Exi Mune, dea Cincinnati....... 7 3¢am“ ', ... Joians Louigville. ...... 2 30pm T 00pm Indianapolis..... ' i T 88, "4 Wam Connersville.....lo 25 B . BeeBOBS. ... 1045 . P _ . st g 'CambridFeCity..ll 1P Lol Newcantlev...cc.lU'6s - (0 ... f McC0wan5.......12 36 pm~ .... ianle Muncie...... ...12 556 10 10 638 0 Eaton . iiiieiiea 12D 1047} 7 20 | |Hartford....:... 145 1] 11 75 iMontpelier.....! 211 & ‘ll 40 | 838 PRByStoReIL il R o 8 40' | 81afft0n......... 230 ' i 13°25am 9,95, cOßslan oot o 3 R 0 h 19 86 10 02 Fort Wayne..... 4 16 145 0 110055 Jack50n.........11 45pm 650 I 3 40pm Saglhaw. ... il ooos Lol 815 Grand Rapids... 6 30am . 5 80pm 930 ' Detr0it.......... 330 - 11 00 am 630 - . No. 3, will run daily except Mondays. Al other’ trains daily except Sundays. Through sleeping cars on:«:ni%ht‘ traine between Indianapolis nndﬁetroit. ranning via Muncie, Ft. ‘Wayne and Jackson, ' ° i : : ¥ W.W. WORTHINGTON, Gen. Sup’t. - . RosErT RILLIE, Gen’l Ticket Agent. ] e HIGGINBOTHAM & SON,, b ' [ ‘ ¥ s R o D) ; L AP h NNEN g : i J </ > R rr'vz'z«;///wf Y . . IRy f 5 b — L™ of ath l - 144.-\»:\\, 3 I B o i .. e g ¢ .i\ " , SN '- R s & ~ i L Q 13 Y ’"::.‘.’k i . T‘ K 1 150 @-Ome o PG R ’ : }el w’ i ? . 7 } Mol : o ‘, PR i K Py //4/‘ iR i o hr’. - 4”(/'/,/' ¥ o ,;/ﬂ.{ Wi ey . R ‘Watchmakers, Jewelry, « { . . AxDDEALEREIN . ./ b i i . Watches, Clocks. ' JEWELRY AND FANCY GOODS! Repairing neatly and promptly executed, and = ’ g o wa‘rr&tod.? y‘ ! i Agénts for Lazarus & Morris’ selebnﬁd 7o Spectacles. =~ . w Jxﬁnmhebigwuch.oo&n.dcm&arom : g?ee , Ligonier, Indiana,.4€B -=~ Jan,1,1874, - Rt PR eLT it = Mo, 39 Kentucky Avende, (ndianapolls, Indyy™ = _ Gares allforms of Private and Chronle Diseases A reg- . ularly nluo§M and legally qualified physician, has boem - ‘Jouger established,'and most successful, ns his extensive 3 _practioe will prove. Age, with experience, oau be relied | o 'l':;:‘p;n::h persons no :ed h(:ed l.mnbrgd.‘: iy tasg Brmatorricea X % e as\'t:i'- lmdg'ote HGYQ'”'::Q ?apu?' of l&?uﬂ!“ f{ 5 _sexual excesses iu rer ye: * other S ‘imﬁ:"m-:orme_.mx;ﬁugemiu x‘n‘ﬁmqu'p;. s/ INAL EMISSIONS, DIMNASS OF SIGHW, - hﬁ;m ARMORY, . 'PHYSICAL DECAY, AVERSION TO ALRN, CONPDSION OF IDEAS, LSS nyggxb% 'hm Wd 5 marringe improper orunhapp A . manently cuied. Pampblet (38 pp)seat pratsn for Satamps, |- - MARRIAGE GUIDE, © Explaining who may marry, who may fot; why ol b ?l‘ 4 ugﬂ"ymcm‘z’:m-eﬁ! ::l vhat - oy g done fn ‘cuses=2B) page . conta'diog mueh © . inform -mwﬂnmwn&mummnm ,\,;fx"v} P ~ riuge—a true Marriade Guide and Private Counselor, - . Sent toans addross, securely sssie, by mail, for 60 camts. AREBEDIAN AN QN BTN AMERICAN WASH BLUE. Ea N e N R R A 2 \s-g‘i" WRIEHN o= hde e e PN R S P TR e R oy Amerloan Ultramarine Work Mfﬁ 3*% % ‘_‘xﬂ. b , .‘ ma»? 16,2068 » AN oA R u,\,:;_-“,,},_“ e :I‘»i’«»__. B | Abrtis R g, e B : ‘»&‘A&mva&wm;&\gs&@‘ ;%w-m»»u xifz‘ Account of Its pleasi ;3‘_%.. °t ¢ ‘.},lgzv,:,_t. pness; : Su: _perior for wiilbe **"sg«;«"’*ﬂiﬂl In packages cons ' Toraale by grocers everywhere, _ Always ask hONEADSRbENE Debt. b 0 e 00, R be S