The National Banner, Volume 8, Number 22, Ligonier, Noble County, 25 September 1873 — Page 1

The Fational Lanner Published by - | JOMN B. STOLL, LIGONIER,NOBLE COUNTY,IND. " CKRMS OF SUBSCRIPTION : Strictlyin advance......... Ciiociie T 19500 l"’l’ht’ap‘afer iBpublishedonthe Cash Princifla. its Proprietor elt’mngthatit 18 justasright for hvm to demand advance pay,asitisfor City publishers. . B Anyperson aendiﬂF aclub oflo, accompa~ nied with the cash, willbe entitledto acopy of . the paper,foroneyear,free ofcharge.

CITIZENS BANIK, ; LIGONIER, : INDIANA. DEPOSITS received subject to check without notice. . ADYANCES made on approved collaterals. CERTIFICATESs ofDEP({* ITs issued with interest, MONEY loaned ou long or short time, NOTES discounted at reasonable rates. ORDERS for tirst-class securities executed on comiission. - AENTS for the purchase and sale of Real Estdte. INSU I:ARCE POLICIES writtenin first-class comanies, EXCIIA!GE bought and sold, and drafts drawn on all the principal cities of Europe, : AGEXTS for the Inman line, ‘| Hamburg Liue, | White Star Line. i PASSAGE TICKETS sold on all the principal reaports of Enro’pe. , MERCHANTS', Farmers’and Mechanics’ accounts solicited, and all business transacted on liberal térms, STRAUS BROTHERS. Ligonier, Ind , Oct, 23d, 1872.-26 ¢

Lake Shore & Mich.South’n R. R. On and after August 3d, 1873, trains will leave ‘Staions as followsa: GOING EAST: - ! - SpNY.Erv. Atlc. Ez. Accom, Chicag0......;.. 990 am.... 585 pm., . Bikhart....c.o.o 118 pmi i 950 iees 500 am G05hen,......... 131 siaclo 30 b D2O Millersburg.... t 1 46 ...11025 veei 546 Ligonier.. ... 1,188 [ 1039 Lia 608 Wawaka....... 1209 ...11080 ... 69 " Brimfleld...... 1217 ...110 58 (880 Kendallville.... 230 ....1112 vies 050 Arrive atToledo 540 voon 240am....,1045 . GOING WEST': T01ed0..........1055 am.... 12 05am..., 445 pm Kendallville.... 230 pm,... 302 am.... 843 . Brimtield ... .. 12417 L H 317 .., 900 Wawaka,. 01200 i . t 825 ™ 2.0 914 L1ﬁunie_r.........'!10 Jke 339 990 Millersburg.... 1328 | ... 1355 Vel 94T G05hen.,....... 846 e varloo *Rlkhart...... .04 10 Viia 480 4041088 ArriveatChicagoB2o ... (820 ..., 650 am *Stop 20 minutes forbreakfastandsupper. ' ITrains do not stop. S Expressleaves daily both ways. z Accommodat’n makesclogeconnectionat Elkhart withtrains going Eastand West. CHAS. PAINE, Gen’lSupt.,Cleveland. J. N.KNEPPER, 4gent, Ligonier. Pittsburg, Ft. W. & Chicago R. R. From and after June 29th, 1873, - GOING WEST. | | - Nol, Nob, || No b N 0.3. Fastkz. Mail. Pac Bx. NightEz. Pittsburg...... I:4sam" 6 00am 9:loam 1 sopm . Rochester..... 2:soam .. 7 23am 10:23am 2 38pm “ A11iance....... s:loam 10 40am 12:50pm 5 08pm 0rrvi11e.,..... 6:slam 1 00pm 3:olpm 7:o6pm Mansfield..... B:ssam 3 18pm s:o9pm 9:llpm Crestline...Ar. Q:QOQm 4 00pm s:4opm 9:4opm Crestline...Lv. 9:4oam 5 55am 6:oopm 9:sopm “F0re5t.........11°05am. 7 35am 7 55pm 11 :15pm Lima..........12:08pm~ 9:ooam 9.15 pm 12:{Tam Ft Wayne..... 2:2opm 11.{35am 11 :50am 2 :354m Plymouth..... 4:45pm 2:35pm 2:55am s:osam Chieago....... 7.50 pm 6:3opm . 6:soam 8:204m e GOING EAST., . Nos, No 2, No 6, Nod 4. ' ‘Mail. Fast Ex. Pac Ex. NightEz. Chicago....... szlsam 9 20am 5 30pm 9 20pm Plymouth..... 9:lsam 12 02pm 8 55pm 1 10am Ft Wayne....l2 Olpm - 2 00pm 1l 15pm 4 00am Lima.......... 2:45pm 4 07pm 1 18am 6 40am F0re5t........ 4:oopm 5 oSpm 2 27am 8 10am Crestline . .Ar. 5:35pm 6 30pm 4 05am 10 10am Crestline . .Lv. 6 00am 6 50pm 4 15am 10 30am Mansfield ..... 6 40am 7 19pm .4 43am 11 00am 0rrvi11e....... § 16am_ 9 20pm 6 37am 1 00pm A11iance....... 18 60am 10 55pm 8 05am 2 25pm Rochester..... 2 48pm ........ ‘lO 40am 4 53pm Pittahurg ..... 4 00pm_ 2:2oam 11 45am 6 00pm

Gr. Rapids & Ind. and Cine., Rich. . & Ft. Wayne R. R. . Cyadensed Pime Card. -Daily, except Sundays. To eake-eﬁfect June Ist, '73. i GOING NORTH., Express. Express. Accom. Richaond Laopal: oy 1000 am 355 pm Newport. .t oviviiis v 10:30:4% 4 9%:4¢ Winche5ter............ 1118 % - 508 ¢ Ridgeviller it oo 1145 ' 533 ¢ Portland. .. oieii. oo 1217 pm 610 ** Decatar..cvviiiii oo : 136 Fort Wayne, D......... 745 am 230 pm Kenda11vi11e.........., 904 ¢ 347 ¥¢ SLurgis....,. silviaay 108 8 B 0 o Mend0n..».............1110 * . 547 ** Express Kalamazoo ............1210 pm 640 * 800 am Monteith ..oc.ci 00l 100 780 %Y. 845 ¢ Grand Rapid5........a..230 ** 850 ¢ 1005 * Grand Rapid5........d. 255 7 15am 1015 '¢ H0wardCity........... 523 % 919 18 19 pm Up. Big Rapid 5,....... 635 ** 1030 **l'lBo + Reed C1t{..‘.w......... 410 % 1108 * 908 ‘¢ ClamLake....os.. ...c. 830 ]23oPnf 330 * Tarverse City i ... elu GOING SOUTH. Kxpress Express Express Traverse City.......... o 830 am Clam Lake............. 220 pm 500 am 1100 ** geedChy.............. 348 ** 623 ** 1248 pm p. Bigßapids........ 420 % 655 * 120 ¢ Howard ©lty. .00 100 530 % 810 ¢ ' 9280 ¢ Grand Rapids..i...a.. 740 ** 1015 * 430 ¢ Grand Rapids. .....d.. 730aml1130: ‘¢ 440 * Montefth. . .0... c. 0., 858 &% 100 pm 605 Kalamazoo, A... ..., 985/ 150 650 ** Mendon « ..o il i 1033 ' 951 Bturgly 00l 1119 897 ¢ Kengn11vi11e..'.........1226pm 942 ¢ Fort Wayne ..... ... 135 11004 Decatur... ... .0c... i, 957 ¥ Accom P0rt1and.............., 409 645 am : Ridgexille ... .. ... 438 ' 716" ‘ Wigehester. ;0. ... 503 ¢ -140*" Newport.... ;.0 00 5492 830 ¢ Richmond . ...... ... 613" 960 Exprese traina leaving Richmond at 10 00 a m and Clam Lake at 2 20 p m stop all night at Grand . ‘Rapids. .

Michigan Lake Shore Rail Road. ‘ Trains run daily except Sunday. Condensed time card, taking effect June Ist, '73. GOING NORTH, ' GOING BOUTH, Expr.. Mail, STATIONS. g, 0 = Mal. 400 pm 800am..Kalamazoo. 1120 am 652 pm 442 % 1 845 % Monteith,...lo37 ** 608 * | 598 * 94 s TAMIGHAN (~ 950 ‘Y 581 613 ' 1043 48 ilNtntiton ... 910 - 448 '| 641 " 12046 N HGland ... 840 ' 418" 748 * 1210pmGrand Haven, 741 * 316 * { 834 ¢ 1265 °0 ) Muskeson .. 700 9235 ) F.R. MYERS, (General Passengerand Ticket Agent . | \ TRY THE NEW ROUTE. Indianapolis, Peru & Chicago R.R 'I‘HE Great Throuﬁ:'mne to INDIANAPOLTS, Cincinnat), Nasliville, Memphis, Louisville, Chattanooga, New Orleans, and #ll points in tke south. Ask the ticket agert for tickets via PERU RRALI. ROA D, S On and after January 1, 1872, two daily Passen= ger Trains will leave LaPorte as fellowe, Sunday excepted: Day Express leaves LaPorteat 945 am ; wnd arrive at Indianapolisat 515 pm. -~ & The Night Exyreqa will leave LaPorte (Sntnrdn)f | excepted) at 11 50 p m, and arrive at Indianapoll at 725 a m. : Woodruff’s New Improved - PARLOR AND ROIENDA SLEEPING COACHES Always on time. \ F. P. WADE, 7 ~ , G@en'lTicket Agent, Indianapolis

& Tl , Cincinnati, Wabash & Mich. R. R Time Table No, 8, taking effect Monday, the 28th ; day of October, 1872: GOING BOUTH. STATIONS. GOING NORTH. N 0.2 N 0.4 No.l Vo, 3 530pm]1155m a.....Waba5h....1700am 200 pm 440 ‘* 1035 am .Nor. Manchester, 745 “ 310 * 415 958 ' . .. BlyerLake....Blo * 410 " 335 ¢ 850 * ~....War5a1v,.....850 ** 510 * 915 830 * 1., Leosburg.....olo * 540 ** A 8 ¢ TBO % o iMullord.. ... 980 't 410 ** 238 720 . . .New Paris .. 930 ** 685 ** 215 * 700 ** ..dp.Goshen,ar.:lolo ** 700 ¢ slO% ..ar Goshen,dp..lols * 140 * cees-MikharES, ..., 1048 * Trainsrun by Cleveland time. : A.G. WELLS, Sup’t. FT.WAYNE,MUNCIE & CINCINNATI RAILROAL The shortest and most direct route to Indianapolis, Close connection with trains on the Columbus & Indianapolis Railway at Muncie. Departure and arrival of trains at Ft. Wayne: LEAVE, | ARRIVE. Exyren5......... 500 am Mai1............400pm Ma11,....00. 2% wpm!E;preuu...... 04l e co L. H. GREEN, Attorney-at-Law & Notan'}’Public. LIGOCNIER, - - - -~ INDIANA. Office second floor front, Landon’s Brick Block.

HIGGINBQTHAM & SON, | 4g &:‘m - . i ' (T, 2 Qﬁ\& S ' ® 7 Nt 'v "..,'”- ,!",.7 s l“.z w , %j T ' 4 ‘ k {fl}‘f/z . T PRy Y/ . Qb 7 & ; Watchmakers, Jewelers, | ANDDEALERSIN ; ~ Watches, Clocks. JEWELRY AND FANCY GOODS Repalring nestly and promptly executed, and ‘ ~ warranted. Agents for Lazarus & Morris’ Celebrated Spectacles. 0 - lleofmmﬂwh.' corner Cavin & Fourth siredts, Ligonier, Indiana. .49 May 8, 66-tf

Vol. &,

EXCELSIOR LOPDGE, No. 267, 1. ©@. O B, Meets every Saturday evening at their New Hall. J. B. SroLw, See. i " L. H. Greex, N, G. WASIHINGTON ENCAMPM’NT N 0.89. k. 0.0. F, Mects the second ané fourth Tuneedays in each - Month, at their New Hall. : H. M. Goovsreep, Scribe. W.K. Worr, C. P. ‘M. A. MOYER, i (Snccesgor to W. L. Andrews,) : SURGEON DENTIST, KENDALLVILLE, INDIANA. I IQUID Nitrous Oxide Gas administered for the 4 painless extraction of teeth. All'work warranted, Examinations free. g Office, Second Story, Mitchell Block. ' R-14-1y

' P. W. CRUM, Physician ‘and Surgeon, *, Ligomnier, ‘e = = ~ Indiana. Office at rerdience on Martin st., near corner of Third. May 12th, 1869, I. W. C, DENNY,M.D., Physician and Surgeon, LIGONIER, INDIANA, : _ Will promptly and faithfully attend to allcalls in the line of his profession—day or night—in town or any distance in the country. - .G, W.CARR, - Physician and Surgeon LIGONIiER, - - - - - - IND, Will promptly attend all calls intrustedto him. Office on 4th St., one door east ef the NaTIioNAL Banner officc. ; 7348 C. PALMITER, Surgeon and Physician, 3 b Office at Residence. Ligonier, = « = - Indiana. A.S. PARKER, M.D., _ FHOMEOPATHIST, Office on Mitchel street. Residence on Eaststreet, Office hours from 10t0 12 A. M., and 2 to 4 ». u. ' KENDALLVILLE, INDIANA. May 3, 1871 G. ERICKSON, M. D., Special attention given to the trestment of Chronic and Surgical Diseases. Office hours from 10 o’clock a. M. to 2 o’clock, p. M. Offiice and residence onosite the Groes House, KENDALLVILLE,INDIANA. June 1, 1870, o

CALBERT BANTA, Justice of the Peace & Conveyancer. LIGONIER, INDIANA. Special attention given to cunveyhncinf and collections. Deeds, Bonds and Mortgages drawn up, and all legal business aitended to promptly and accurately. Office over Straus & Meagher’s store, sl Mayils 1873 15-8-8 ° © JAMES M. DENNY, Attorney and Counsellor at Law. + . Office in the Court Houre, ALBION = = 2 - < IND. 615 " 1. E. KNISELY, ATTORNEY AT LAW, LIGONIER, - - i INDIANA. - - Office in Mier's Bluck, 7-2 _ L. COVELIL, Attorney-at-Law & Notary Public, LIGONIER, INDI/ANA. Office, over Beazel Brotaers' new Harness Shop, L - Cavin Street : . W, GREEN, inpnf : i ! Justiceofthe Peace & Collection Ag', Office with Dr. Landond, second floor Laudon’s Brick Block. : - LIGONIER, : -INDIANA. 9 e et _____.—_——-————r——_..——- . «F. M. TEAL, | ; DE N 2 LS 1, ; Corner of Mitchell and State Sts., IMOne block east of Post Office, room 5 overthe Kendallville Fruit House, Kendallville, [ndiana. 3397 All work warranted. Kendallville, May 3, 1871. “H. C. WINEBRENNER, Honse, Sign, & Ornamental Painter, Qrainer, Glazier and Paper-Hanger, Ligonier, Indiana. #&Give me a call befure letting your work, and I will gunarantee satisfaction in every instance. [vBnl

A. GANTS, Surgical and Mechanical Dentist, e LIGONIER, - - INDIANA. ‘ ; LB / Is prepared ¢ ,"’f(; b ‘ to do Enyxt)hing /f,’“"‘ g intheirline. A G ,@ snccesful pracA 5 }d_‘i»v— tice of over 10 L N s getn Justifies Fare g S :s__l_,'i};,;£::_ S : ;mt lnh sayiug e laed AR RRS SR et eg a e can oy ?f’r’?‘, ;'.;7‘-‘!'@‘? ,ﬁf{ giveentiresatY UT T RN O isfaction to al] d Lt e ~ who may Ye. | stow their patronage, W Officeone dooruorth of Kime’s, Cavip Bt. - PHILIP A. CARR, AUCTIONEER, Offers his services to the public in general. Terms moderate.” Orders may be left at the shoe store of P. Sisterhen.. i Ligonier, Jannary 8, "73-37 e TEEGARDEN HOTUSE, . Laporte, Indiana. ;Vi'W AXTPELL; ¢ : - Proprietor, " Laporte, April 5, 1871, - CONOCORD & CATAWBA WINE, We sell Mr. L. SHEETS' Wines: Pure — Nothing but the Juice of * the Grape. : SACK BROTHERS. Ligonier, July 8, '71.-tf STOP ASE TELE i BRICK KELLY HOUSE KENDALLVILLE, INDIANA. : NEW COMMODIOUS THREE STORY. BRICK Hotel, only ten rods trom the L. 8. & M. 8. R. R. Depot, and four squares from the G, R. R R.— Only xve minutes wﬂk to any of the pr-jncitfml businesphouses of th€ city. Traveling men andstrangers will find this a first-clags house. Fare §2 per p&, : J. B. KELLY, Propretor, A endallville, Aug. 3,1870.-14 ; - Q. V. INKS, : DEALERINMONUMENTS, Vaults, Tombstones, - AND BUILDING STONES LIGONIER, IND. ; April 12, 1871.-50 : :

H. R. CORNEL.L, Is now prepared to take GEMS of a superior quality. Having purchased one of the great Am,ericﬁn \ i Optical Company’s MULTIPLYING GEM CAMERA, Which has facilities for makln;z 9, 18, 86, or 72 pictures, all at one sitting, the nation can now be supplied with first-class work at a trifling expense, within thercachofall. Thefollowing aretheprices: 7 Pictures rorgl 00. 16 s B o o aara ABe a 2 st SN il B 70 e S 8 i ciiivies A 8 PHOTOGRAPHS THE SAME PRICE ! Ligonier, Ind., Nov. 15,1871, JOHIN GAPPINGER’S HARNESS, SADDLE, And Leather Establishment, Has been removed to Gappinger & Gotsch’s new Block, (formerly Rosshacher’s Block.) : KENDALLVILLE, - - INDIANA, The highest ]price rald for Hider, Pelts, &c.,and the trade supplied with Leather, Findings, &c., at lowest figures. April 6th, 1870,.-49. : :

LT LIGONY,, % " 'ACADEMY .' : - ‘: &Y o wr ww = _*: GEQ. W. HUGHES, Prﬂ-cipal. TUITION FROM $8 to $lO PER TERM. Clrenlars containing full information may be obtalned by uldrud% ~-JOHN H. HOFFMAN, Sec’y, 7.40.11 . Tdgounier '{nd.

Che National Danner.

The Soldier and the Vampire. A certain soldier was allowed to go home on furlough. Well, he walked and walked, and after atime he began to draw near to his native village.— Not far off from that village lived a miller in his mill. In old times the soldier had been very intimate with him; why shouldn’t he go and see his friend? He went. The miller received him cordially, and at once brought out liquor; and the two began drink‘ing and ehatting about their ways and doings. All this took place toward nightfall, and the soldier stopped so long at the miller's that it grew quite dark. - i When he proposed to start for his village, his host exclaimed: | “Spend the night here, trooper! It’s very late now, and perhaps you might run into mischief.” i ; ‘ “How'so ?” ! : “God is punishing us! A terrible warlock has died among us, and by night he rises from his grave, wanders through the village, and does such things as bring fear upon the very boldest! How could even you help being afraid of him ?” “Not a bit of it! A soldier is a man who belongs to the crown, and ‘crown property cannot be drowned in water nor burned in fire” I'H be off; I'm tremendously anxious to see my people as soon as possible.” Off he set.— His road lay in front of a grave-yard. On one of the graves he saw a great fire blazing. “What's that?” thinks he. “Let’s have a look.” When he drew near, he saw that the warlock was sitting by the fire sewing boots. ° “Hail, brother?” calls out- the soldier.

The warlock looked up and said: “What have you come here for ?” “Why, I wanted to see what you're doing?” : The warlock threw his work aside and invited the soldier to a wedding. “Come along, brother,” says he, “let’s enjoy ourselves. There’s a wedding going on in the village.” “Come along,’” says the soldier. They came to where the wedding was; there they were given drink, and treated with the utmost hospitality.— The warlock drank and drank, reveled and reveled, and then grew angry. He chased all the guests and relatives out of the house, threw the wedded pair into a slumber, took out two phials and an awl, pierced the hands of the bride and bridegroom with the awl], and began drawing off their blood.— Having done this he said to the soldier: : \ “Now let’s be off.” : Well, they went off. On the way the soldier said: “Tell me; why did you draw off their blood in those phials?” “Why, in order that the bride and bridegroom might die. To-morrow morning no one will be able to wake them. I alone know how to bring them back to life.” “How’s that managed.” “The bride and bridegroom must have cuts made in their heels, and some of their own blood must then be poured back into those wounds. I've got the ‘bridegroom’s blood stowed away in my right hand pocket; and the bride’s in my left. v The soldier listened .to this without letting a single word escape him.— Then the warlock began boasting again. ] “Whatever 1 wish,” says he. “that I can do!” ‘ “I suppose it’s quite impossible to get the better of you?” says the soldier. j “Why impossible? If any one were to make a pyre of aspenboughs, a hundred loads of them, and were to burn me on that pyre, then he’d be able to get the better of me. Only he’d have to look out sharp in burning me; for snakes and worms and different kind of reptiles would creep out of my inside, and crows and magpies and jackdaws would come flying up. All these must be caught and flung on that pyre. If so much as a single maggot were to escape, then there'd be no help for it; in that maggot I shoiild slip away!” The soldier listened to all this and did not forget it. He and the warlock talked and talked and at last they arrived at the grave. ' “Well, brother,” said the warlock, “now I'll tear you to pieces. Otherwise you’d be telling all this.” ; “What are you talking about?— Don’t. you deceive yourself; I serve God and the Emperor.” : ; The warlock gnashed his teeth, ‘howled ‘aloud and sprang at the soldier, who drew his sword and began laying about him with sweeping blows. They struggled and struggled ; the soldier was all but at the end of his strength. “Ah,” thinks he,“l'm a lost man—and for nothing!” Suddenly the cocks began to crow. The warlock fell lifeless to the ground. The soldier took the phials of blood out of the warlock’s pockets, and went to the house of his people.. When he had got there, and had exchanged greetings with his relatives, they said: 4 “Did you see any disturbance, soljera? oo

“No, I saw none.” “There now! Why, we've a terrible piece of work going on in the village. A warlock has taken to haunting it.” A fter talking awhile, they lay down® to sleep. Next morning the- soldier awoke, and began asking: “I'm told you’ve got a wedding going on somewhere here ?” S “There was a wedding in the house of a rich mujik,” replied his relatives, “but the bride and bridegroom have died this very night—what from, nobody knows.” : “Where does the mujik live ?” They showed him the house. Thither he went without speaking a word. When he got there he found the whole family in tears. “What are you all mourning about ?” says he. “Such and such is thestate of things, soldier,” said they. “I can bring your young people to lIif(;, again. What will you give me if 0it?” j E '

" “Take what you like even were it half of what we've got!”The soldier did as the warlock had instructed him, and brought the young people back to life. Instead of weeping, there began to be happiness and rejoicing. The soldier was hospitably treated and well rewarded. Then-— left about face! off he ' marched to the starosta, and told him to call the peasants together and to get ready one hundred loads of aspenwood. Well, they took the wood into the graveyard, dragged the warlock out of his grave, placed him on the pyre, and set it' alight —the people all standing around in a circle with brooms, shovels and fire-irons. The pyre became wrapped in flames, the warlock began to burn. His corpse burst, and out of it crept snakes, worms. and all sorts of reptiles, and up came flying crows, magpies and jackdaws. The peasants

LIGONIER, IND., THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1573. ; :

'THE NEW TRIALS OF AMER- ~ ICAN DEMOCRACY., The Tendencies of the Times and the Possibilities of the Future. . SPEECH OF HON. GEORGE W. JULIAN. (Delivered at Rockville, Ind., Sept. 13, "73.1, In response to an invitation from a large number of citizens of Rockyville, irrespective of party, the Hon. George W. Julian .on the 13th inst..delivered an address at that place on the issues of the day and the future of political movements. There was an immense crowd in attendance, and the address, which we herewith publish in full, was listened to with absorbed attention and frequent and hearty applause. Mr. Julian seems to have renewed the vigor of his earlier years, and presents his matured doctrines of government with all the triumph and earnestness that distinguished his memorable crusades against the slave power, The speech is conceded by all who heard it, both friehdé/énd opponents, to be the most brilliant effort ever.heard from the lips of a public man since the days of Benton and Clay. Delivering the speech, Mr. Julian’s tall figure gave peculiar force to the masterly invective,-and his face and manner ‘warmed in unison with, the stirring periods. - The speech, as you will see, is the key note of the popular campaign, and will arrest the attention of all honest thinkers. - Mr. Julian ‘said: e My. Chairman and Fellow-Citizens': —The present season of unusual poditical quiet in Indiana seems to be remarkably favorable to calm judgment and an honest search after the truth:: While party feeling has died a)s\'tay among us to an unprecedented extent, and the issues of bygone strifes: have gradually disappeared, the political developments of the past year have powerfully stimulated earnest thought and independent action among the people. New questions are now to be debated, and new dangers are to be met. The dawn of a new epoch in our politics, which was becoming visible last year, is now unmistakable; and both the love of country and the instinct of self-pres-ervation plead with the people for some wise and timely methods of reform. | In the light of these facts, 1. believe this is a time to speak, rather than a time to be silent; and I have, therefore, accepted an invitation from personal and political friends in this section of the State to address the people at this point to-day. |

2 AMERICAN DEMOCRACY. ' In selecting this topic I assume that popular institutions, however admirable in' theory or beneficent in practice, are yet exposed to dangers and vicissitudes. I take it for granted that Democracy is inevitably. bound by the laws of its condition.— “It is not born- out of the sky, nor wrought in dreams.” It is necessarily colored by the atmosphere in which it lives, and takes on, the qualities with which it is'mingled. It is an opportunity, quite as much asiit is a power. While decidedly acting upon society, and multiplying the sources of its own life, it is constantly acted upon by external forces which hinder the free play and full sweep of its energy. It is always on probation, waiting for its complete ascendency upon the advance of knowledge and virtue, the ministry of equal laws and the “eternal vigilance” of the people. It may fitly be compared to the Christian life, in which the very best of men never rise to those heights of goodness which lie beyond the reach of temptation. Mr. Buckle argues that in some countries Democracy is impossible, owing to the influence of soil, climate, food, and what he calls “the peculiar aspects of nature;” but even under the most favored conditions, and in the most enlightened communities, it is only a grand experiment, a heroi¢ endeavor of the people, a ceaseless conflict with ever re-occurring dangers, which invoke the helping hand of every man who is ready to show his faith in free: institutions by his works. THE PEOPLE AND THE LAND. But without further preface I proceed to notice some of the new trials of Democracy in our own country; and perhaps the most formidable of these is the result of false relations between the people and the land. = So intimate and vital are these-relations in all countries, that in the nomenclature of polities the words “people,” and “land,” are convertible terms.— The laws regulating the ownership and distribution of landed property, necessarily shape the institutions of a people. Real Democracy must have its roots in the roil, because the land owners of every country are its masters. A democratic government which allows the land to become the. patrimony of the few, cannot possibly be enduring, since liberty and slavery are not more utterly repugnant to each other than are free institutions and the unrestricted monopoly of the soil. Such a government is democratic in name only, and is, in fact, the most galling and fatal form of aristocratic rule. It has been justly remarked that laws of primogeniture and entail, cause an aristocracy to spring out of the ground, and affect the well-being |of unborn generations. They make the existence of a true yeomanry impossible, and wage war against the normal life of the family. They breed pauperism and crime, and lay the many prostrate at the feet of the few. It was through the abolition of radical curtailment of these laws by the Puritans that American Democracy was born. Not even the germs of ‘Aristocracy were originally planted in New England. Her political insti- | %uti«;nq were the 'lqg;oslaprodnct“ of er laws respecting landed property, ‘which.-byffawﬂ‘g ‘aB gre f"%rn%vlqion of the land, favore ‘ﬁrﬁtnqﬂnﬁty among the people. 'This produced

knocked themi dewn and flung them into the fire, not allowing so much as a single maggot to creep away. And so the warlock was thoroughly consumed, and the soldier' collected his ashes and strewed them to the winds. From that time forth there was peace in the village. - _ Thé soldier received the thanks of the whole community. He stayed at home some time, enjoying himself thoroughly. Then he went back to the Czar’s seryice with money in his pocket. When he had served his time, he retired from -the army, and began to-live at his ease.—Russian Folk Tales. s ;

prosperous civilization, closely associated communities, free -schools, a healthy public opinion, democragy in managing the affairs of the Church, and that system of loeal self-govern-Iment which has spread over so many -States, and must finally prevail throughout the world. English ideas, however, took root in the States of the ‘South, and the result was the system of entails and large landed estates, fitly supplemented by African slavery, which simply emphasized the irrepressible antagonism between the Democracy of one section of the Union and the Aristocracy of the other. The land policy of New England would have made slavery impossible, while ‘democratic institutions would have been the common heritage of North and South. ‘. - . THE IDEA OF THE FATHERS. : - This vital mistake might have been partia.ly remedied after the colonies became a nation, if a just and comprehensive national land policy had then been adopted. But the colonies emerged from the revolutionary struggle burdened with an immense debt, and our fathers knew of no other considerable source of payment than }.‘-I‘3 public lands. In the disposition of these lands there{was but one /thought, and that was revenue. In fighting the divine right of kings, the divine right of the land monopolist had been forgotten. Instead of laying the foundations of democratic equality in the soil itself, and thus taking a bond of fate for the welfare of coming generations, the goading mneed of money and the very abundance of our lands paved the way for great monopolies, which lzftéve increased and multiplied ever since. ~The purchase of vast tracts by individuals and companies was not only allowed, but encouraged by the Government. The policy of disposing of the public domain at low and nominal rates, to actual settlers only, and in limited quantities, was not then dreamed of; and so potent was the influence of those feudal ideas which had been transplanted from the Old World, that the enactment of our homestead law did not become possible till seventy-five years after the establishment of the American land system. But this law did not emancipate the public domain. It was a sign of promise, but it did not satisfy the nation’s desire. ~Nonresident speculators are still at liberty to purchase great tracts of the public domain, and hold them indefinitely for a rise in the price, which is at war with.the whole spirit and policy of the homestead law, and as flagrantly anjust as it is financially stupid. Our land grant system has already survendered to railroad corporations a territorial empire of over two hundred millions.of acres. Our Indian Treaty policy has robbed poor settlers of great bodies of land, and handed them over to monopolists and thieves. .Our’ legislation on the subject of military land bounties, while nearly profitless to the soldiers, has been a mational disaster, beneficial only to speculators and monopolists. The acts of Congress on the subject of swamp lands and . College .and Indian scrip have been equally vicious and indefensible. THE RIGHTS OF SETTLERS UNDER THE

+ ~HOMESTEAD and pre-emption laws have been serrously threatened by department rulings in the interest of railway companies, while the growing power of land monopoly has found a -powerful ally in the State and Federal Courts. The policy of the Government and the’ spirit of the times are alike hostile to the ideas on which alone a true Democracy can stand. Under the vicious legislation to which I have referred onky one person in fifteen, outside of the towns and cities, is the owner of a.home in the land States of the South. In California quite a number of men own hundreds of thousands of acres each, and in crossing the lands of one of these you are obliged to travel seventy-five miles. The curse of land monopoly in the States of the Northwest, caused by the cruel commerce in land which the Government has encouraged, has been an irrepairable blight and blast to their prosperity. Great estates are everywhere tending to swallow up the smaller ones, and to producing a constantly multiplying and crouching tenantry. Even in the New England States, owing greatly to her tariff policy, non-resident proprietors are becoming common in large districts, while the general education of the farm laborers is below that of the factory operative, and the condition of agriculture itself is that of rapid decay. These facts are as significant as they are alarming.— They foreshadow the approach of a deadly danger to our institutions, and the new and fearful trial which certainly awaits them. We have here, it is true, no crushing system of landlordism, founded upon despotic laws and traditions, but through the land policy of the nation and the machinery of great corporiations have inaugurated a system of feudalism as completely at war with the principles of free government as that which scourges England to-day. I Dbelieve that nothing is more logically certain than that this system must be confronted and overthrown, .or the epitaph of American Democracy must be written. - This is the simple but pregnant alternative; and the statesmanship that would postpone or evade it is criminally recreant to the most imperative demands of the hour.— Men do not gather grapes of thorns, nor figs of thistles. In politics, as in morals, we shall reap as we sow. Land monopoly has preyed upon every age of the world. It has sapped the life of every free government of the past, and is to-day the stronghold of every despotism on earth. History ever repeats itself, and the believers in popular institutions are therefore utterly without excuse if they allow its solemn and reiterated warnings to go unheeded. THE GROWTH AND DOMINATION OF s CITIES.. | ‘We are threatened with another serious trial of our democratic institutions, in the growth and domination of cities. I do not mean to say that great cities are in themselves an evil. They are the ' necessary outgrowth of our civilization. They supply the producer with a home market. As great intellectual and commercial centers they are the natural handmaids of social and economic progress. They ought, to be the natural allies of democracy; but I believe they are preparing for it an ordeal which will tax all the resources of the people to save it. The danger to. which I allude is two-fold. In the first plaee, the goveérnment of great cities by democratic ‘methods is an unsolved problem.— ‘Thus far, at least, we are obliged to confess that the chief cities of our own country have :pmved ungovernable.— The forms of democracy haye been | laid hold of by its enemies, who have

trampled its substance under foot. In our Northern States, outside the great city, popular government has been a success. Life and property, as a rule, are secure. Education is' widely diffused, and society makes a healthy and natural progress. There is a general equality of condition among the people; which holds in ¢heck the spirit of aristocracy and caste. The laws are respected, and the voice of the majority is honestly registered and cheerfully. accepted. But in our great cities all this is changed.” Inu the city of New York, official thieves have robbéd the Treasury. ' Offices are bought tand sold like merchandise.— Legislatures are auctioned off to the highest bidder. Courts are bribed by villians who escape justice through the power of their money. Great masses of men, native and foreign, cursed by ignorance, poverty, and drink, become the miserable tools of demagogues and gamblers, while opposing political parties are equally eorrupt, and decent men are tempted: to give up public affairs in disgust.— The voice of the church,if heard at all, is unheeded. :

THE PRETENSES OF THE TIME. 5 No man’s life, property of reputation is safe, and nothing is sincerely believed in by the men who rule the hour but the beauty and blessedness of wealth. This picture of Democracy, ‘as practically illustrated in New York, ‘and in several other chief.cities of the Union shows how powerless it is in ‘these great, centers of population and wealth, and how well founded seems to have been the apprehension of De Tocqueville, uttered more than forty years ago, that our system. of government must find its ruin in the growth of our cities and the character of their population. But this failure of Democracy is mot the fact which is most alarming. We not only fail to govern the cities, but the cities govern the country. In several of the ‘States they hold the balance of power.— They hold it, and wield it, in the nation. The same ignorant and brutalized horde . which demagogues and thieves employ in the government of the cities is made to turn the scale in' State and national contests. Ilere is our greatest peril. ‘And this frightful evil is constantly inereasing. The domination of our cities, it must be confessed, is every day gaining ground. Through the concentration of capital and its resulting oligarchy of wealth, the “dangerous classes” are all the while on the increase, while the growth of our cities far outstrips that of the nation, In the United States, as in Europe, men are running away from rural pursuits, and coveting the excitements of town life. The professions are more and: more ¢rowded, while increasing multitudes are seeking a livelihood in some form of traffic. The character.of our civilization and the whole current of modern life favor the growth of‘ these evils. We see this illustrated in our great railway and banking corporations, which so powerfully tend to aggregate capital in the hands of the few, and: to draw .the many under their control. We see.it in the growth of great manufacturing establishmeénts, called into life by labor-saving machinery, which capital ‘ean so easily. command, and causing the dependent masses to gravitate around new centers. , We'see it in the monopolization of lands and the absorption of small estates, decimating thé farming population, and portending a centralization in agricultural throungh the combination of capital and machinery, such as we have seen 1n manufactures and commerce. = We see it in the growth of habits of luxh’lt'}'. and extravagance, and the decline of those domestic virtues, without which the family and the home lose their sacredness and the State its best support. .. We see it in the alarming

| ' INCREASE OF TAXES | Throughout the country, which are chiefly saddled on the poor, and especially in our tariff laws, exempting from duty the chief luxuries; of the rich, and heavily taxing the articles of prime necessity to the producer, sueh as iron and steel, and thus at once taxing his transportation, and his plow, -his reaper, and everything else into which these metals enter, while the price of his produce is as low as it was before the late war. We see it, in short in the unmistakable’ purpose of the Government to lend itself to the service of capital, and to show the world the spectacle of a great nation .founded on the aristocracy of wealth, instead of resolutely maintaining the principles of real democracy and fostering'the republican virtue of the people. il

“111 fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates and men decay.” Hitherto the hope of our country has, been in our rural districts. In peace and in war we have leaned upon our yeomanry, any they hayve never failed us. Brave, patriotic, and incorruptible, they have been our strength and our pride. Will they be able to save us in the trial of democracy involved inthe unhealthy growth of our cities, and the increasing distaste for rural pursuits? Can the country stand the present drain upon the farming population, and the growing ascendency of the bad elements which rule our large towns? Rome perished in the destruction of her peasantry and the concentration of her population in the capital. Great estates destroyed the family life of the people, and while the cultivators of the soil became slaves, luxury and vice preyed upon the empire. The same fate awaits us if we follow in

the same path. I believe our deliverance is largely in the hands of the cultivators of the soil. I rejoice to find them so apprehending the dangers which threaten them that they arel earnestly setting about the work of self-defense. While capitalists are combining for their own aggrandizement, and mechanics and workingmen are organizing in various forms to resist their usurpation, our farmers are finding that their policy of isolationis a mistake. They see that organization is both a duty and a necessity: — As a matter of self-protection they are adopting well considered methods of industrial co-operation. In order to break up the monotony of rural life, and beautify its pursunits, they are inviting their wives and daughters to join them on the platform of perfect equality, and thus rebuking the senser less aristocracy of sex, and opening the way for the enfranchisement of woman. The social element and spirit of fraternity enkindled by such ‘methods must naturally lead to concerted political action against whatever grievances may invite it, and thus, it is to be hoped, the exodus from the country to the city will be checked, the thinned ranks of agriculture in some degree recrnited, and the cities themselves redeemed in the ‘act of savingthe country. The pro‘phecy of this is pretty clearly seen in

5 No. 22.

' the various farmers’ movements which have recently sprung =up throughout the United States. = The agriculturists of our country. comprise a majority of its population, and if perfectly united. could, therefore, outvote all other classes eombined.— Their business feeds the human race, and is the natural employment of man. It was enjoined upon him by his Maker, and from it both manufactures and commerce draw their life. Every:interest of society must -necessarily suffer when the great underlying industry of the farmer languisheés. One. of the most significanit and cheering signs of the times. therefore, and the harbinger, -as I believe, of the political as well as the industrial regeneration of our land is the spirit of union ‘which has so suddenly and so marvellously inspired the tillers of. ‘the soil, and: which, - I - trust, will finally draw into a common brotherhood the working men of- all other occupations. Undoubtedly it will adopt some unwise methods. " It may now and then strike out wildly and blindly in ‘seeking:just ends. It will not exempt from the mischiefs of selfseeking, demagogism, and bad leadership. Leapﬁl'g into life ‘all at once among men who have known- so little of organization, it will sometimes hinder the cause it would promote; but time, experience, and an honest endeavor, will at last enable a powerful body of united ‘and sober men to - accomplish their deliberate purpoke. . e e

THE POWER OF GREAT CORPORATIONS. A more immediately: threatening danger to our institutions is the growing power of great corporations.— Democracy needs the constant support of equal laws. It: demands common opportunities for the people. It can tolerate no privileged classes, and no legislative favoritisin of any sort. If corporations are created, they -should be a clear public necessity or ‘convenience, and never ‘cease to be the servants: of the people.— Without ithese conditions they haye no right to exist. The question of railroad transportation affords the best illustration of what I'wish to say on "this subject. Political economy. teaches that good rodds are equivalent to good tools. They area part of the economy -of labor.. They . are regarded as a diminution of the cost of all things sent to market by them.— But our railways; though the mere instruments of commerce and agents of the people, and often richly endowed by the Government, have begun t‘ol pray the lole ‘of master. Instead of helping the people they are becoming ‘ a hindrance, and in sonmie instances -a positive publie ‘grievance. The great railway corporations have grown so powerful that they can ‘manipulate both State Legislatures and" Congress. The;power of associated capital embodied in them, and exercised in the way of exorbitant freight. charges; is rendering agriculture an unprofitable: business. In some regions: of the West it does itot pay to plant a-crop. While millions of bushels-of corn'and wheas are rotting in the’fields, thousands of people at the -East are suffering for bread. Thousands..of bushels of grain are being burned-for fuel, while charities are organized to feed the starving poor of New York and other cities. Of the immense crops of corn in' lowa, we are told:-by the best authority that it takes five bushels to get one to the seaboard. Owing to the growing spirit of_railway rapacity, and the increasing demand for large profits caused by the policy of watering stocks, matters are rapidly growing worse. In portions of Illinois the farmers have actually ‘gone back to the primeval habit of hauling their grain to mar‘keg on wagons, for the simple reason that they can save ‘money. by the operation. : The railroad rates are aot only exorbitant, but as unjust and unfair as a perverse ingenuity .can contrive them, in their discriminations as to distance and the articles shipped. The exact remedy for these frightful ewils has not yet been discovered. = Undoubtedly has Congress the . right to control the charges on inter-State:lines of railroads, under the constitutional power to regulate commerce between the States ; but Congress-itself hasbecome the servant of the great railway power. We see this shamefully ' illustraYed in ‘the Credit Mobilier develop‘ments, and in the ugly fact that ':;f}lgeir: pretended investigation was simply a whitewashing pastime. It is true also that the States have the same power as to the roads- within “their borders, but thus far their legislation has been a confessed failure, for the reasons that their -law-makers too have been the stipendiaries of these monopolies, while in. some instances our State and Federal Courts have succumbed to theéir purposes.— Some relief might be found. in the thorough reform of our tariff abuse, cutting down the cost-of iron and other fabrics used in railway machinery and equipment. The people are beginning to see this, and will necessarily make T

TARIFF REFORM A BATTLE CRY in their conflict with the railroads; but this reform would be a mitigation, rather than a cure, of the mischief. As a great practical question, demanding immediate public attention, it is by far/the most serious one’ now hefore the people of the United States. ' It completely -overshadows the ordinary topics of - political discussion, because it involves the right of the people to ‘live. ' The railroad power of our country. wields ‘a consolidated capital of four thousand ‘millions of dollars. The network of | its ramifications reaches throughout the continent, and as against the public is as completely a unit as was the slave power of the South. We have, now about seventy thousand miles of railroads in the United States to which we are adding five or six thpu@; ‘and per year. ' Their annual earnings are more than half a million dollars, land they have in their- employ an army of two hundred thousand men, _including the ablest legal talent in the nation, and drawing into their support every influence that great wealth can command. The privileged classes of aristocratic Europe ' are unkiown “here; but we have in their stead these great corporations, armed with equal or greater power, threaterding the: complete subjugation of the people. It is the one-man power in a new and most alarming form. We ‘have no Dukes, Lords, or -Barons, and in theory can;. guard -against political abuses by frequent changes of our public servants; but we ‘have our great railroad kings, who control the makers and expounders of -;ﬁmi,law. and are practically én%_ wed with life offices and powers of hereditary suc“cession. _ls not this as fatal to democracy gﬂ would ,b&,thpm:&enmegot the office of Presid Alal it power t mname his successor?. If the European

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'system of government is abominable, is. not our system of railway rule .equally so? The question thus for--ced upon us is that of demoeracy on the one hand, backed by forty mil‘lions of people, and struggling for its very existence, and commercial feud‘#lism on the other, dominated by great corporate ‘ monopolies = whieh own the wealth of kingdoms, and will be content with nothing less than imperial power over the government and people. I sincerely regret that this grave issue has become inevitable. I certainly cherish no hostility to, railroads. Undoubtedly they help develop. the country. They often createthe towns which they connect. They extend civilization and all its appli--ances. They ar(geinestimable value to the country, under a just administration of their affairs, and while content to act as the servants of the public. But they are built by the people’s. resources and labor, for the- - advantage and the people must: resist their attempted usurpation at whatever cost. How they are todo this the future alone can fully. reveal, but T am sure they will do it, because they are sovereign on their ‘own affairs. I believe they under‘stand their rights, and in the end will find the means.of maintaining them. They can not long fail to see that the very life of our Government is at stake in this controversy. They will see that it is one thing: to establish great lines of intércommunication, foster great commercial enterprises, and amass great wealth in the hands of the few, and” quite another thing, while reasonably favoring the healthy development of commerce and the . activity of ' capital, to. so shape the administration of affairs as to main-’ tain, in their full viger, the vital prin-_ ciples of democracy. My hope i 8 in the people; and if, in a crisis like the present, they should rally under old political watchwords, and invoke the. party machinery through which theevils now complained of have been brought to their doors, they will deserve the humiliation and defeat which their conduct will certainly invite.— In this reference to the conflict between our -democratic ' institutions and the power of great corporations, I must not omit the subject of our

% NATIONAL BANKS. “They number more than two thousand, represent an aggregate capital of nearly five hundred millions of money.. If they were necessary during the war as a;means of enlisting capital on the ° side of the Government,that necessity has loiig since ceased. But they still exist, and their number is increasing. Nor is bank extension governed solely by the business wants of the people. To a great extent it depends on what the politicians call “influence.” That this system of National Banks might readily be made a tremendous political power, no sane man will deny. That this power was almost perfectly united on the side of the Administration in thé national canvass of last year, is equally undeniable. In the very natureiof things it must become a political engine; and in comparison with this great oligarchy of capitalists the- - Bank of the United States, which justly alarmed the people, was insignificant if not contemptible. And there is, I repeat, no valid excuse for its existence. The banks are supported by the Governmént at the bidding -of capital; and capital demands it, because they pay their stockholders from fifteen to thirty-odd per cent. per annum for the little clerical work involved in' running their machinery, while these' profits must come out of the pockets of the people, and necessarily aggrandize the rich and heap exactions upon the poor, ;Why should the Government make itself substantially responsible for the National Bank notes, and hand them over to be loaned as money, without exacting ‘anything for their use? .Why not issue greenbacks at once, and retire the ‘Government bonds held by the banks, amounting to over thrée hundred mill‘ions of dollars, and thus save to the nafion twenty millions in interest ?— But I cannot here enlarge upon this topic, and I only repeat. what I have said on other occasions, that the people of the United States have the right to a sound national icurrency without the costly machinery of these banks, | which are a pure monopoly in the in--terest of capital, demanded by no public necessity, and rendering no service to the country that can justify the expense which they occasion or.the profits they receive. A national currency of uniform value throughout the Union is exceedingly desirablg; but if that currency must be _irredeemable paper, let the Government issué it directly, and thus rid the people of the burden of supporting a great moneyed power for the enrichment of a privileged few, and at war with every prin: ciple of demoeratic equality.. .

> (To be continued next week.) f e ——— - B—— - . Struck Juries., ‘Appropos of a case of libel, which is to be 'tried in the Fulton Circuit - Court, the Rochester Sentinel gives us some information of the manner in which a “struck jury” is selected: Ei-. ther party desiring such a jury ifiles with the clerk his written demang - therefor. Four days’ notice is then given both plaintiff and defendant of the time when the jury will be chosen. On the day fixed the parties or their attorneys meet, and the clerk, having written fofty names of qualified jurors selected from different parts of the county, the party demanding the jury strikes one name from the list, his opponent another, and so on until each has stricken off twelve names. "The names of the remaining sixteen : dre then entered, by the clerk, upon ‘another list, are summoned as in other cases and are called as their names ‘have been registered. The first twelve - that appear to be. unobjectionable constitute the juryﬁ The party requiring the jury is bound to pay the- - of theiselection and $1.25 per day to each juror, and will not be allowed for sueh expenditure in the taxation of the cost. Ao '

A Very Wicked Boy. ; There are some persons- who never can be made to see ,the eternal fitness of things. Such an -one was a San Francisco Sunday School boy, whose teacher was explaining the omnipresence of the Deity to his scholars, and ended by telling them that He was everywhere. Whereupon a red-head-ed boy asked: '“ls He in my pocket ?” The teacher replied that the question. was rather profane, but he would answer, “Yes, He was everywhere.,”"— “I've got you there,” said the boy, “L ain’t got no poe_ke;t{." .