Locomotive, Volume 47, Number 2, Indianapolis, Marion County, 27 November 1858 — Page 1

ELDER & HARKNESS, 'The Chariots shall rage in the streets, ' they shall seem like torches, they shall run like the lightnings." Aaium,u, 4. Printers and Publishers. VOL XLVIL INDIANAPOLIS, IND. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 1858. NO. 2

! ;! THE LOOOJIOTIHi;!''' J3 PRINTED AND. PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BY i, .ELDER: & :H A RKNE S S, o , i At their Book and Job Printing Office, on Meridian Street, r r Indianapolis, Ind., opposite the Post Office. TERMS One Dollar a your. Twenty-five Cents for three months. Six copies to one ml dress forone year. Five Dollars; thirteen copies one year for Ten Dollars, HZf' advance in all cases. No paper will be sent until paid for,, and no paper will be continued after the time paid for expires, unless renewed. 1 , . . j Look out foh the Cboss. All mail and county subscribers can know their time is out w hen they soe a large cross marked on their pa per, and that is always the last papor sent nntil the subscription is renewed. 'TERMS OF- .A p v"k R.T I s I K a ; ! ,' ." i ) Onesquare, (Slines.or less, 250 ma,) for.! wcek..t.. n.50 . foreach subsequent insertion ,...0 35 ' ' ' for three inonihs... 3.00 tt " for six months .-.......-..... 5. 00 ' for one year, without alteration.... .. ii for oneyear, with frequent changes I?'"0 A small reduction made on larger advertisements. Cuts and .Special Notices double the above rates ' ' '- a :. ' Terms---Ca.sli, '. ! Legal advertisements published at the expense of the Attorneys ordering tlinn, and payment is due when the publication is made. No extra charge made for furnishing affidavit of publication. We will not be accountable for the. accuracy of legal advertisements. ., -- . I ' : ' VJJldr.rtUr,ments must he handsel in by Thursday of sack week, or theijvtill bedeferrcd until thenext issue.

uiriiovfiD S P E C T -A C- L E-S ! THE BEST IN t S E . : i; ; ; THESK Glasses are made of THE PUREST MATERIAL, and ground upon SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES. And not onlv give clear and distinct 'vision-, but are highly endowed will, iiia nronenv oi nsfiurr lie tuv-aiiiiv. . Washington street, up stairs.. , GLASS & gTOXEWAUE DEl'OT. A T WHO L ES A X E. 100 West Washington Street-, opposite the Stato House, i I. C. M I D L. K M A 8 , declWyl ' Commission Merchant. DOCTOR lODfiE. nl EAST WASHINGTON STREET, Indianapolis.. Dr. L. ." I has a full stock of Hoinceopalhic.ineuicinea, oic n.r su.e . - ....... ielO-IV. tn n ivs cuius anu laiiuno. . J. 13. OgG OOP.. . HOUSE, SIGN;. & -OENAMEKTAL ., ,- PAISTEB, (JI.AZU 11) Af . - Ky. Avenue fourth door south of MiOuafs tfea Block. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Juiicia-ly.' LOOKING GLASSES. A FULL assortment consisting 'in" part of' Gill Glasses from ; 22 X 13 40 X 20 Brown wood and gilt from S2 x 13 to . - Rose wood and gilt frotn 28 x Ifi 23 X 13 : 28 X 16 , . Mahogany from io This day received at ap.23. 8 x 10 20 X 26 JACOB LINDLEY'S. ' So, 16 West Washington street, ' ; Indianapolis., Ind. . E. J. BALDWIN St CO., ': '.I E W -E 'Ii' E' Ii' S . No. 1 Bates House. '. -i TH 4NKFUL VOK PAST FAVORS, would respectfully beg leave to inform the public-thai (hey are still on hand with their usual full assortment of every thing in the way of : Watches, Jewelry, Silver Ware, &c. We wish it distinctly understood that we do not keep the low priced, bogus Watches and Jewelry, gotten up for auction Lies; but will guarantee to sellgood, honest articles as low as can pos'.ly be had elsewhere in the West. OurSWr JTW warranted equal to Coin: our Watehes bound -to go, anj t ecp tiine.andall our good just what represent them to be. For further proof call and examine Tor yourselves. We have tW best Watchmaker in the country "' r em" ploy; so bring on your Watches. FlHSnilHE WAHEKOOITI. JOHN VET'IEK, meridian St., in Keclv's Invincible Block, ..i . 5 DOORS SOUTH OF POST OFFICE Xr EEPS on bund all kln.lsof good and solid Furniture, which 14 he sells al the lowest prices. As Cabii.et-inaker and TiirTier, he is prepared at nnv time to promptly execute al or- ' ' .'. .. 1 .'. , in. r..ni.,rr 1. nnnos its t 10 Madison uers in his line 01 oiis'iics. u .- ...v -, r. ,,,,t Depot. Everything doue is warranted to be in tiie neatest and must durable stle. JOHN' TETTER up rl i l)in i iSEiUOVLE. FII. VAJ EN has removed his New Store, No. 21, West . Washington street, oppose Brownings Drug More, wlr.. l.k,.,. .-onsi.-.i.tlv on baud, tlio largest and Hest Assorted Slock of Hardware in the City, j ' at Itcdnccti Prices. He has Just received a large lot of Gum "''.f"'. Blocks: Axes, Nails. Locks. Hinges, Polished FiroSotls, Ames nuoveift. rinc cunery, u. ' pii' . Vcnitian Blind IflanufacHirer, t. ? .... - 4 r..Ufl .m A!n tsinifi MTPei. 'V"" " ' d . Dwelling Houm se. 3 aVsomakes to order Blinds for public orpriTt. LONGgcnt...r Venitian Rlinds.on Meridian M , near he Posl Ollice.atnis rurimuio ... yrlnk H.?entisTl riVXKES pleasure inretur,,i,.ghj.bJ Gentb-nien of ... " ' ,!' nme 00flllence ho eral patronage, and still hopes to inv " . f , ( prMion has engaged since he coiumeu.ed the practico oi i "'ArtlSTeeih, from one to a full set, Inserted on Pla.iiia. G,Z given to regulating, cleaning, and extraHiiig Teeth. Ether given when omro 2d story All work wrrntd. and clia gen 8'! J OM ,truet. Fl.-tcher Woolley's block, No. nasi b Oct. 24-tf - ' "" j. B. HIIL "O..PSM.TB. Fruit and Ornaniitnl Mnsery. rnHKundersignedhaveebicdtliems ery business " 'l'e 7'" Vw rodseasi of the corporiil.on occupied bv Aaron Aldre.lge. ' . ff(!rll.r;1 nssortineiit of line. Indm mpnlis. We have . , . ' ft" ,, to onr ,oil and " ' "f " "'l''AV;.rVV"ly " TeU elininle. Thelrees are of -rrf We are now ready Hue .lock of Ornament.il Shr'bbe. JL.f ail HI oruers ,.r , -. H,LLi GOLDSMITH if Indiaunr01'"-nov7-V.7-tf i FFICE, Harrison-. New Bank Building t.. street, second noor. .. - Jig Office hot. rs from 8 A - . to 5 r. " irii.UIMM'A;!i -eifiobl. Silver TE have Just received a large """."rrr' '.rics. at Ivory' -headed canes,

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19 East wamii

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W. H.T.UBOU

j- ., Written for the Locomotivo. ,

HELEN : MAYWOOD'S ' CHOICE. BY THE AUTHOR OF. THE MANIAC'S LEAP. . i A lady sat in her chair and dreamed. Bright visions of happiness rose up before her imagination, and she saw herself the acknowledged friend of the rich and great.' Diamonds glistened upon her costly dress, and soft raven tresses graced her beautiful neck. Those who bad once slighted her, now crowded around her eager to receive a recognizing glance' and bestow upon her costly mementoes,'inditativc of their changed feelings and affections.: She was no longer poor. The simple ' cot that stood by the side of the shady wood was her quiet home no longer ; the rippling brook that murmured gently by tho old homestead afforded her no pleasure now, for she was suddenly elevated in her blind imagination above her humble and obscene condition, to one of great wealth and splendor. While she was thus indulging in her fitful dream of happiness, a hand was laid upon her shoulder, and some one gently spoke her name ; her dream was disturbed and broken but not forgotten. 'Twas Harvey Daily who had thus intruded himself upon her though at no other time would his'presence have been deemed an intrusion, tor she had known and loved him all her life. .She regarded hini in silence for a moment, and then rose from her seat and sauntered lazily toward the window. Harvey followed he took her by the hand and led her to a seat Helen, spoke the young man, the time has arrived when it is needless longer to conceal our feelings ! we have boen friends frominfancy I we have played together all through the sunny days of childhood, and gathered the sweet wild flowers from the same leafy woods together, and now Helen, that we have grown older that we each have sense to appreciate the other's friendship and affection shall we not still love on, and help to smooth each oth er's pathway through life 1 Helen I do not, cannot doubt you, but let me hear you say that you love me, and that you will be my wife. She looked at him .a moment I that look was proud and scornful ! Helen, what means this, you surely cannot have been playing the coquette with me during all these long years that 1 have loved you ! No ! no ! I know you better than that " My Helen." The lady trembled. , Harvey, for. give me, I can never be your wife ! we must part im mediately farewell 1 She "left .the room abruptly) and Harvey Daily closed the door upon the only woman he had ever loved. 'Twas now his sad fate to strive to forget the beautiful and proud Helen Maywood, in whose keeping he had intrusted all his rich treasures of truth and affection. . But few days passed before Helen received an invitation from an uncle in New York, to come and spend a few weeks with her cousins his daughters. She eagerly availed herself of the opportunity of visiting the Metropolis. She had never seen the city, or her uncle or cousins and they expected to see a dull, awkward, clownish girl in their country cousin. But how great was their surprise and disappointment, when the tall and queen-like form of Helen made its appearance in the parlors of old Mr. Levington. After freeing herself from the dust and fret of the journey, the contrast between the cousins was striking. , Flora and Elenore Levington were gay thoughtlesa girls, and somewhat inclined to coquettishness a trait of . character which was really despicable in the eyes of Helen May wood. : They dressed gaily, visited the Opera, attended parties or levees almost every evening in the week and Helen was bound tlirough politeness and good taste, to accompany them in their eternal rounds of pleasure. Fashionable beaux attended her, and she was fast gaining upon the affections of tho gay circle in which she now moved. Is that bright dream about to be realized. Her heart bounded with hope as she thought of the old fashioned home she had left, of her dream of splendor, of the poor, rejected, manly, Harvey Daily, and contrasted these with the gay circle in which she was now shining as the central star. A fashionable titled gentleman from a foreign court, had been a constant visitor at the halls of Mr. Levington for several months, and since Helen's entry into society there, he had been more assiduous than ever in his endevors to please and make himself agreeable. He had been F'lora Levington's " beau ideal" for some time, but the beauty and dignity of Miss Maywood completely eclipsed the gaudy, showy beauty of her cousin, and the worthy Edgarbond immediately transfered his attentions to Miss Helen. His mustache was elegant, his manners haughty and dignified, his purse well filL ed with yellow gold and he was liberal in the bestowal of it for all charitable purposes, he spoke in three or four different languages, spoke of his palace on the Elb, ' mentioned the names of twenty different servants, praised his noble horses, spoke in eloquent terms of the choice and variegated flowers which adorned his surrounding grounds, and finally spoke of his extreme loneliness while there, surrounded though he was with every thing that was beautiful and grand. He had almost come to the point on the very eve of making a full declaration, when he was interrupted by the arrival of two or three morning callers. He soon took his leave, promising to see her the following evening. An hour was spent in pleasant, lively conversation with the friends who had broken the strain of eloquence which was flowing from the lips of Edgarbond) and then they withdrew, and Helen Maywood was left alone for contemplation. She paced the room for some minutes. The gay Edgarbond was before her wherever she turned. She thought of the beautiful though lonely home he had left, of the gardens, the conservatories, the noble horses, tho liveried servants, the gold and silver which were his, and then she thought of herself as the brilliant center of that large moving circle. The dream would soon be realized the dream which had been so suddenly interrupted by the coming of Harvey Daily. She clasped her hand to her face and gave vent to her happiness in a flood of tears. Her strength was fast leaving her in j that moment of wild delirious joy, and she sank into an easy chair, and every thing for a while was forgotton She dreamed .-i,, Edgarbond was all her own, though he seldom referred to his immense wealth now. He seemed to love

her, though she plainly paw that his affections were divided, and not wholly hers. She pined and grew pale and weak, and finally she was removed far from her pretty city home to a dark and dingy cabin in the woods; though even here she could have been happy could she secure her husband's love again, but she was destined to more misery than ever. Edgarbond left her totally, and she was alone, alone 1 . .. :! f i She sat within her gloomy apartment one evening .when she vas startled by a rap upon the rickety doorf 'twas opened without an answer from herself, and the tall awkward figure of a man staggered in, he threw a sealed note in her lap and departed without a single word. . She opened it and glanced hastily over its contents 'twas from a friend of her husband, and it told

Iter briefly that Edgarbond was in prison; that he had been an accomplice in all sorts of crime; that he was worth nothing excepting wliat he had gambled fori that ho had deceived her in order to gain her affections, married her for her wealth, and left her when he found that she was poor. She was aroused from this painful, though fortunate dream, by the voice of her cousin Flora, carolling through the room like a bird. Helen, said the gay young lady, to-night wo attend Mr. Carpenter's grand soiree, and we must be expert in arranging our dresses and selecting the most appropriate and becoming colors. So come my cousin, let us away to our rooms at once. Papa says we' must not allow bis lovely niece to want for any thing, so here is money which the good man has not forgotten to send spend it as you will t Why my dear, you look paid, ill, are you sick 1 does any thing trouble you ? come let me be your friend for once, and tel1 me all ! I I -will my own Flora, you shall know all, al1 that distresses me sol I have bad such a frightful dream 1 I must break away from Edgarbond at once ! I tell you cousin, he is not the man he would make me believe he is. And Helen related her terrible dream. I do not believe in dreams, said Flora, when her cousin had finished, you are not certainly going to retire to a convent merely because you have had a frightful dream. Not to a convent, Flora, but I have a quiet happy home, and kind friends there. To-morrow evening Edgarbond will be here, but I must not, canno see him! Something tells me that the dream would be but too fearfully realized, were I to venture into his society but once again. So this evening I pack my trunk, and in the evening I take the earliest train for Elmwood Grove. ' . ' ' ';' : .' " . .. '' ' . The next morning Miss Maywood surprised the family by announcing her intention of returning home, -they entreated her earnestly to remain, but she was determined, and the nine o'clock train found her a passenger for Elmwood cottage. , ... She found the place just as the had left it a short time before. The flowers blofj'med as gaily, the birds chirped and chanted as merrily as they had ever done, and Helen was a thousand times happier than ever before, but one thing was wanting now to complete her happiness, and that was the love of the honorable man she had once slighted and spurned from her as a thing of no importance. . ; Six weeks had elapsed and she had never seen him or spoken his name. ,; : - i 1 r One day she took a book and her little pet "gip," and strolled along the side of the brook that had been her haunt in the dayB of her innocent happiness, when she sought only the good and pure. " . A firmer step than that of her spaniel was near her She closed her book and looked around, 'twas Harvey Daily, not as an intruder this time, but a welcome friend. She rose and gracefully extended her hand the meeting was cordial on both sides. Harvey cleared away the rubbage from the trunk of a well remembered tree, and both sat down. ' Helen, tell me how you have been spending your time since you have been absent, and if you have been happy. ; ! She related to him some of the scenes of gayety through which she had passed, mentioned the names of some of her city acquaintances, but never breathed the name of Edgarbond. And when do you think you will return ? queried the young man half jestingly. Never! hereafter I shall be content with my own peaceful home, and its pleasant, rural surroundings. No, I shall never return to my uncles. Never, Helen ! and yet you are not willing to trust your happiness to me ! Harvey knew by the down cast eye, and the tear that trembed there, that she was changed. Before they parted that pleasant summer's day, Harvey asked her again to be his wife, and Helen said "yes," and they were happy. . ! In a few months they were married, and together they visited their uncle Levington. There they learned the sad fate of Edgarbond. He had called as he had the following evening, to have an interview with Flora, and when he learned that she bad gone he renewed his suit with Flora, and she became his wife. A short time after they were married, his title failed him, his. boasted wealth disappeared like a bubble. Friends began to suspect his integrity, and Flora Levington soon found herself the deserted wife of a robber, a gambler, and in short, a complication of al' that was wicked, deceitful, and treacherous. He was in prison, and Flora had returned to her father's housei a sorrowful, broken-hearted woman. Helen was doubly happy as she contrasted her handsome, manly, intelligent husband, with the guilty, debased man with whom she had once been on terms of such dangerous intimacy. And she wondered how or why it was that she had been so mercifully preserved, while her cousin had been doomed to a life of so much misery, worse even than death itself. ' ' ' Ax Intelligent Nanny. Up in th Fourth District, New Orleans, lives a man, his infant child, and a matronly, well-behaved nanny goat The nanny is the hairy foster mother of the infant, which the fever some time since robbed of its parent proper, and she entirely appreciates the peculiar duties which have devolved upon her. When she hears the hungry cry of her helpless little human charge, she is by its side in an instant, placing her teats at the service of its thirsty lips. I requently the quick ears of the quad rupedal wet-nurse hears tne enuu s cry when sue is browsing in the street some distance from the house, and loavinsr her own repast, she darts off to supply the ! wants of the "motherless bairn" dependent upon her ! as Komulus and Kemus were of old, upon the dugs of 1 rlfil. ,i-nf D.tn.ca Wo hfltfiva wi. Imvo tnhl ft u,ier:luv strange story above but truth is stranger than fiction. Nem Orleans True Delia.

GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE. Senators and Representatives : ' Previous to the year 1852, provision was made in this State for annual sessions of the Legislature, but the members of the Convention who framed our existing Constitution believed that biennial sessions, after

that period, would, in ordinary times, be sufficient. They provided, however, that when in the opinion of the Governor, tho public welfare should demand it, be might call a special session of the General Assembly. The thirty-ninth session of the General Assembly which adjourned on the 9th day ot March, 1857, did not pass any law tor the purpose of raising a revenue for the years 1857 and 1858. Until that time it was confidently hoped by the people of the State that their Representatives would at all times be willing to pro vide the necessary means to sustain every department of the Government, established by their Constitution. Ihey also expected that provision would be made to support- every Benevolent Institution they had approved. They felt that although improvident legislation had in former days impaired the credit of their State, as similar legislation had injured the reputation of olhers, yet, that for many years, tho credit of Indiana, maintained in every particular, was to them a matter of just pride and congratulation. They felt that although Indiana, in the days of her improvidence, had been unable to maintain the high character of a sovereign State in responding to all her pecuniary ob ligations, yet she bad now attained to that position of wealth and influence among her sister .states, that any failure to redeem every undertaking would be injurious to her credit and her honor. .,',!. . ;i' Notwithstanding these and other considerations, the members of the last Legislature, for reasons into which it is not my duty to inquire, failed to enact the laws necessary to sustain the various interests to which I have alluded. Shortly after such adjournment, I intonned tue people ot the state that there was necessi ty for Legislation, and expressed a readiness, whenever the laws could be passed, to call the members to gether. .Believing that there was such a want ot har mony among them, that necessary legislation could not be secured, I declined to exercise the power entrusted to the (jovernor, to call a special session ot the General Assembly. But a new Legislature having been elected, I have at the earliest practicable day exer cised the power to which 1 have before alluded. Although that Legislature failed to appropriate the means which were then in the Treasury to sustain the interests for which they had been raised tho Administrative and Executive officers of the Stato believed that such was the regard that the people of Indiana had for tho Government they had established such their anxiety tor the maintenance ot their Constitution and the support of their laws, that it was their impera tive duty to apply the money m their possession to the purpoees tor which it was collected, t roin that ad' lournment of the Legislature, those officers have en deavored to sustain every interest of Indiana, as provided for by her Constitution and her laws. . They found that the laws of the State provided that the Auditor, Treasurer and Governor, were authorized to procure money to pay the interest upon the public debt. ; Believing that the welfare of the State would be promoted by paying such interest, a loan was ne gotiated on the 22d of June, 1858, with the Board of Commissioners ot the Sinking i und tor one. hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars, which was applied to the payment of such interest. After the State has un dertaken to pay all the interest and principal of her debt,Jier sovereign integrity demands that her obliga tions should bo redeemed. Section 1 ot article 9 ot the Constitution declares that " It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to provide by law tor the support of Institutions for the education of the Deaf and Dumb, and of tho Blind, and also for the treatment of the Insane. . ' .' - ;j No appropriation was, made by the Legislature to sustain those Institutions, but the money was in the Treasury the clear provision of the Constitution that those Institutions should be supported, the olhcers ot tho State thought should be maintained and executed and accordingly they applied the funds in their pos session to that purpose. The officers of the State have been enabled, by an economical administration of the public funds, to thus far sustain every department of the government, and pay the interest on our indebtedness, leaving a balance in the Treasury of $131,342 28, without making any loan except the one to which I have before alluded. ' No tax having been levied for the years 1857 and 1858, all th.e resources for sustaining the Government, or maintaining its credit, will, at an early day, be exhausted, unless the Legislature shall provide a remedy. I recommend to you, therefore, that at as early a day , as possible, you take into consideration the condition of the Treasury, and that a tax be levied for the year 1858. - --" . .. - The report of the Auditor of State will exhibit to you the amount which it is estimated will be necessaiy to raise. If the tax is levied at once, it can be collected in time to meet the ordinary expenditures of the government. It will be necessaiy to negotiate a loan to meet the interest which will be due upon the public debt upon the first day of January, 1859. No dif ficulty will be found in negotiating such loan, provided the levy is made for the year 1858. , Justice to the residents and owners of the property of the State demands that the expenses of the Government should be paid by them equally, according to the value of their property. To secure so desirable a result, it has long been the policy in Indiana to have frequent valuations of all tho real property within thft State. Accordingly, on the 13th of February, 1851, an act was passed to appraise the real estate, and to make the value of the same equal and uniform. Since that time no act of the Legislature has been passed ordering a new appraisement. In the meantime the increase in the value of that kind of property has been very large. If that increase had been uniform, a necessity for the new appraisement would not exist. But since the passage of that law, a great difference lias arisen in reference to the relative value of real estate. When the last assessment was made, there was but one railroad completed to Indianapolis, from any point in the State, nor were any other of the existing works finished. You cannot but appreciate the effect that those roads have had upon the value of the property of the State. Indeed, it has so increased the value of such property that it is confidently believed that a new assessment would show that the taxables of the State now amount to four hundred million dollars. If this view of the subject is correct, it is manifestly unjust that the revenues paid for the support of the Government should be levied upon the appraisement of 1851. At my request the Directors of the State Prison have made a partial report as to the condition of that Institution. You will observe by an examination of that report that the new cell house has been finished, but even now, after the same has been completed, such is the limited capacity of that Institution that it is impossible to retain with safety, or employ with profit, more than three hundred and fifty convicts. The number which will be confined there by the first of January, 1859, will, in all probability, amount to five hundred. You will therefore see the absolute necessity of either greatly enlarging the existing prison, or of erecting an additional one in some other part of the State. In view of the prison being located upon the southern boundary of the State, thereby causing a heavy expense in transporting the convicts from the various counties, and believing that a portion of the labor ol the inmates could be more profitably employed in some other locality, and relying upon the advice and opinion of those most experienced in managing such institutions, that three hundred to three hundred

and fifty convicts are as many as should be confined in one locality, I accordingly join with tho Directors and Warden of the Prison in recommending to you that a law be passed at an early day, providing for'tho erection of another State Prison, and that the same be located somewhere in the northern portion of the

State. Little can be done toward the erection of said Prison until the spring of 1859. If it should be regarded by you as desirable to use the labor of a poriuu ui mo cuuvicis in me erection oi sam prison, one mndred and fifty to two hundred of them could be employed for that purpose. If you should decide to pass such a law, provision should be made for the purchasing of more land for the use of the new, than belongs to the State adjoining the present prison. There are generally conlmed in the prison many who could be profitably employed in raising necessaries for tho support of the Institution. 1 have thus briefly called to your attention those in terests of the State which demand, in my opinion, your linnieuiare action. : i uave (tone tnus in uie nope mat a few days only of your time will be required, deferring to make any other recommendation until you assemble at the regular session, which will be on the 6th day of January, 18.r9. In conclusion,! hope that har mony may prevail in your councils, and that wisdom and patriotism may guide your actions. , From the Scientific Arueroican Nov. 20. ! WHAT WE BREATHE. - We would as naturally revolt at inhaling impure air as at drinking unclean water, if the former element was as observable to the senses as the latter, lint although air cannot be viewd with the faculty of vision, modern science has thrown a flood of light upon the subject, for onr guidance in its use. Carefully collected facts prove that more sickness results from breath ing impure air than is generally supposed; and science explains the cause ot tins. A committee appointed by the legislature of New York, to enquire into the sanitary condition of this city, has recently elicited evidences from the most resjieetable physicians in respect to the evils arising from the absence of such rational sanitary regulations as should arrest the attention of our people. '' A single fact in reference to the cities of London and New York will form a basis for careful thought on this subject. The population of the former city must bej very nearly 2,500,000, while that of the latter cannot be over 800,000. In 1857 the number of deaths in London was 5G,785; in New York, 23,196. The number of deaths in London would have been 72,487, if the ratio had equaled the number in New York. No city in the world is supplied with better water, and a more1 natural drainage than New York; while in London the water supplied the inhabitants from the New River is poor, and that famous Thames foul even in the days of Sir John Falstall: is now at low tide little else than a pot of stench. Nature has probably done more for New York, in a sanitary point of view, than for almost any other populous city, and it is strange that the proportion of deaths should be so largely in excess of those in the great English metropolis with its apparent natural disadvantages. It is notorious that the streets of London are kept much cleaner than those of our own large cities; and the denizens of the former are not compelled to breathe the foul exhalations that rise from the decaying vegetable and animal matter so common in the lower streets of this city. Our authorities are to blame for this state of things; they seem to be afraid to enforce the law against those dirty people who are constantly violating its provisions with impunity. The sanitary committee to which we refer lias obtained much testimony upon a vitally important subject ventilation. It is somewhat hackneyed, it is true; but in spite of this, we are exhibiting to the world a most pitiful spectacle of blindness and indifference to its importance, in the construction of our public and private buildings, counting-houses, workshops, railroad cars, and steamboats. We have it from undoubted authority that, in the construction of one of the most splendid church-edifices in the Fifthavenue of this city, so little attention was paid to ventalation that, when its doors were closed, the building was hermetically sealed. A great quantity of fresh air is continually demanded to maintain life in a healthy condition ; thus, for ihstance, a man of large lungs inhales about 25 cubic inches at each respiration, and breathes eleven times every minute, thus requiring 9 J cubic feet every hour. People can live in an atmosphere considrably vitiated .without being aware of the fact, so far as their sensations are concerned ; and here lies the danger. .When -we enter a warm close room on a cold day, the atmosphere is at first repulsive and oppressive, but these sensations gradually wear off, and, in a short time, wc breathe freely, and feel unconcerned about the quality of tho air. Science reveals the fact that the system sinks in action to meet the conditions of a vitiated atmosphere, but it does this at the expense of having "the functions of nutrition and secretion gradually depressed; and when this is continued for a considerable period, disease follows as a natural result. In Russia, where the houses are kept close and hot during winter, lingering fevers are common; and in our own country, during the same period of the year, scarlet and typhus fevers frequent, but the gret evil is pulmonary disease. The air that wc breathe is composed of 21 parts of oxygen and 79 of nitrogen, with a trace of carbonic acid; the nitrogen being merely a dilutenf, while the oxygen alone enters chemically into the system. Tho lungs require pure air, or their delicate tissue will suffer injury. In mechanical construction they are divided into 600,000,000 minute cells, some of which are only the i-200th part of an inch in diameter. Tho capillary blood vesseles run between the air cells, thus exposing them to the air which is inhaled on two sides, like steam to cold water in some steam condencers. -The air which is respired is kept for a brief space in the lungs; then the oxygen passes through the thin membrane into the blood, as through a seive, and the carbonic acid gas is given out from the blood in exchange. This action should convince every person that an impure atmosphere drawn into the lungs must be, injurious. Tho carbonic acid gas given out from the lungs vitiates the atmosphere, and when on equal proportions to the oxygen, it arrests life. The ancients were unacquainted with the chemistry of respiration ; they supposed that the air cooled the interior of the body when drawn into the lungs. The function of respiration is a discovery of but recent date; and as we are so dependent upon what tee breathe for the preservation of health and life, it is a subject of vast importance to all. As winter is approaching, when it is so common to exclude the cold atmosphere from houses, and to keep apartments close and suffocating, we exhort our people to look well to this question, and to provide such measures as will always ensure them a pure and unvitiated element of respiration. -

Coloeed Logic. We commend the follwin piece of reasoning to the careful perusal of our logical friends: . ' " Brudder Pete, did you see him see de log before you saw him saw it ?" . pete " De unintellectual stupidity of some niggers is perfectly incredulous! Why, if I seed him saw it afore I saw him see it, it's a consequential ensurance dat he saw he saw'd it afore he saw he seed it; but he couldn't help seem' he saw it afore be saw he saw'd dat; for ef he saw de sawin' afore he saw de seein' or de sawin', consequenchily he must a saw'd it afore he seed it, which is absurdly baetore, I must seed it afore 1 saw'd it; quoddy rat deutonslralunu"

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