Locomotive, Volume 46, Number 4, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 September 1858 — Page 2

ne-'lect of this practical science, will entail evils upon us "for which years of labor will hardly make amends. We do not, as a people, appreciate the value of our forests. Negligently, carelessly, and wantonly, we are destroying them on every side, not considering thatm them lies a mine of untold wealth ; for the time comes, with every people, when they can turn their own natural productions to the most advantageous use ior themselves, and this law applies as firmly to trees as to the coals and various mineral ores. Yet what destruction of the best and most valuable timber, have you and I witnessed during the past forty years in Indiana 1 A statistical statement of the pecuniary loss would astonish the reader ; to say nothing of the loss of health and domestic comfort. The connection ot family health, enjoyment and comfort, with a grove of primeval forest trees about the homestead, never entered the practical heads of our fathers; and their sons, true to the example before them, pursue the same suicidal course. Down come the' lofty oaks and the beautiful maples, leavin" the homestead to parch, and the spring to dry " up in the scorching rays of the sun. If there are exceptions here aud there, you will find the value of the farm increased a thousand fold, simply because the trees have been let alone ; but what if they were cultivated with the proper care ? All along the line of the railway in Southern Germany, I saw acres and acres of forest trees, from ten to fifteen, and perhaps twenty years old, planted in rows as regularly as corn is with us, and all cultivated in the most scientific manner. When will our people learn wisdom in this matter ? will they need the warning of the old world, listen to the admonitions and counsels of science, and be prudent in good time, or will they wait to learn it, too late, from their own experience ? We certainly, who boast so freely, and with good reason, of our practical foresight, should take shame to ourselves to be surpassed in this important matter by the Germans. Writing of trees reminds me of another peculiarity of this country, from which Young America might learn an important lesson. Along the public roads, for hundred of miles, are rows of fruit trees, unprotected by ditch, hedge, or fence ; yet the ripe fruit may hang in profusion on their boughs, or cover the very roadside, and not an apple or pear will be purloined, not . - a cherry-twig will be broken. Frequently some poor . m;in buys the fruit of one or more trees for a season. All he must do to have it sacredly respected is tq bind a withe of straw about the trunk, in token of ownership. This may remind you of an amusing incident connected with" some cherry grafts in the Governor's garden. To return to forest trees. In some portions of Germany I have seen efforts made to introduce foreign trees and shrubs, with a view to the improvement of the scenery. You have witnessed the same thing in America. Generally these efforts have ended in failure. The operation is too expensive and precarious, and questionable as a matter of taste. Many a large mansion, around which native groves would flourish, is surrounded by ill-looking, half-preserved foreign growths, to which the climate and soil are alike injurious, and which give an air of decay and meanness to the whole. Let our people not attempt to ape the bad

usages of other nations. Rather than waste time and money in the importation of unsuitable foreign trees for the decoration of our grounds, let us improve our own forests, fields, meadows and pastures. With tastes cultivated by study and directed by experience, we shall find within our own borders all the materials wherewith to enrich, adorn, and beautify our homes. There is nothing that dignifies, beautifies, and adds to the comforts of a country residence, so much as the tasteful preservation of the primitive forest around the family mansion. , . . ' , We should look to the preservation and improvement of our timber lands, as a question of high pecuniary interest. Every nation has its own distinguishing branch of industry, trade, or manufacture England has her own, France another, Switzerland still another. Let us remember that it is our province to exhibit the results of a bold and peaceful industry, the true wealth of the nation. In the workshop, in our gigantic steamers, in our house and furniture, in all kinds of machinery, lie one of the great sources of our national prosperity. For these we are, and ever must be dependent upon the preservation and improvement of our forests ; and we should all exclaim with one voice : t " Woodman, spare that tree !" ,' But to return to Hohenheim, the hish home ! . Tt . . ,v, uAueab um uivol uistjnguisneu of its class in Europe, and is under the direct palronage of the King of AVurtemburg, who takes an active personal interest in its success. At this Institution a young man can live comfortably, and enjoy all its ad-, vantages, at an annual expense not exceeding four hundred American dollars. Connected with the school is an admirable agricultural journal. , . .,; . -. With Schools and Universities in our own country of perhaps equal merit, Ilohenheim has many claims upon our attention, not only for its renown, but for the comparison of the systems of agriculture which prevail in the old world and the new. - We should prove all things, and hold fast what is good. . Discarding both old prejudices and new ones, we should make every year count as oue more step forward in the march of agricultural improvement. Would that I could induce . some of our young men, who waste too much of their. time in Europe in mere pleasures and profitless sightseeing, to devote a few months and years to the noble studies pursued at the high home ! In this way they might do good service to the agricultural interests of their country, something towards investing practical labor with scientific interest. Nor is this all. It is written, man shall not live bv bread alone. It is not enough that we have plenty to eat and drink, fine clothing, comfortable nouses, and productive farms. Every man owes it to himself, his family, and his country, to cultivate all those qualities of mind and heart which delight in beautiful objects, which are susceptible of moral and religious growth. And as home is the cradle of all virtues, and as external adornments, es-i pecially those natural ones which lie within the reach of every citizen of our favored land, such as trees,' shrubs, flowers, tasteful lawns, arbors, and trellises, are among the strongest means of making home attractive, it should be the desire and the labor of all good men to diffuse thoughout the community a sentiment of regard for rural works and pastimes. To do this lie within the power of no one man or woman : all should make it their object, and he who labors most will have the satisfaction of knowing that he has faithfully done his part towards accomplishing the great work of the age. . . ; ' Man must work, he must labor. But he may work' willingly, or as a machine; he may work cheerfully, or as a slave. Labor, undirected by knowledge of" the great principles which govern the development of the soil, is always slavish. It is the grand design of agricultural schools, to lead the tiller of the soil to take an' intelligent interest in all the wonderful processes of nature which continually pass before his eyes, in order ; that, with his powers of observation thus quickencd,r and all the better faculties of his mind aroused andexercised, he may make every hour of labor attractive,"' and add new grace, refinement and happiness to his home.. '. The nation must look for true wisdom and strength to the education which controls and shapes the home ' policy of the family circle. Let us then define patriot- ' ism, true patriotism, to consist in love of home. There . can be no love of country where there is no love of, home ; and on the contrary, show me a man who loves to adorn his home with those peaceful and refined ; charms which God designr i it should possess, and I ' can show you a good citi en, an honest patriot, and a i true man. ' The many happy hours I have enjoyed around your hospitable fireside, with your good wife and my dear children, on your model farm, are not forgotten. Pre- ' sent my kindest regards to Mrs. Ilowland, and say to her, I doubt not she still continues to receive the premiums at our agricultural festivals on the best butter, ' cheese, &c. ' " Accept for yourself the esteem and respect, " : Of vour friend, - JOSEPH A. WRIGHT. Powell Howland, Esq., near Indianapolis, IndThe Atlantic Cable. The. New York Journal . of Commerce, professing to speak "with some degree of authority," says that the current of electricity can , be instantly cut off, but that there is considerate retardation in the transmission of each installment of fluid, and that several days must elape before the line can be open to the public. The tariff charges finally agreed upon for the transmission of messages is understood to be one dollar for each word, including the iigniture and address.

THE LOCOMOTIVE.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER, 11, 1858. 7Saturdayi8the day of publication of the Locomotive when it will alwaysbe ready for subscribers. In no case will weletacopy oflhepaper go from theoffice before publica tlonday . " LOCOMOTIVE! STEAM PRESS BOOK AND JOB PRINTING OFFICE. iiTE would call the attention of Railroad Men, Presidentsof f Colludes and Academies, the Medical rrofession, aud all others, to our assortment of NEW AND BEAUTIFUL TYPE!, Just received from the best Foundries in the Unitod States, embracing all the Medical Stents Accents Fractions French Letters y Algebraical Signs, and all the modern facilities for doing work in the best style. All our Type and Machinery ts new, and in good order, including two or Adams' Unproved STEAM PRINTING PRESSES which enables u to do our work in a superior stylo, on asshor Ume, ana as good terms as f.ny oiner omee. We have on hand a superior artir.lo nf Hook and Colored l'apers,nnil the best of Inks, and ns we are practical workmen, wa guaranty all work entrusted to us to be done In the neatest mauner, wilh promptness and accuracy. Our Jab Depa.rt.ntnt is well supplied with all kinds of New and Fashionable Type, and we are prepared to do yVll I2;iaiTlfi of . Jot) Worli ! on the shortest notice, and at tbo lowest living rates; and BLANKS OF KVEKY DESCK IPTI OUT! on Cap, Lottor, Folio Post, Flat Cap, French, or Colored Papers, and Cards or Card Hoards. For the character of our work we confidently refer to any Book or Job bearing on r imprint. Our prices are regulated ot the lowestcash standard, so as to be regular and uniform, and eoital to all; and contracts for work will be adhered to. without resort to extra charges. , TrpOrders from a listance proinntlv attended to, and accu racy guarantied. Jlumce on Meridian street, Immediately oppositethe fos Office.. ELDER A HARKNESS. Politcal excitement is getting up in this city. Nearly every night there is public speaking on the street, by one or the other side, and generaly well at tended. The candidates for Congress in this district are canvassing it thoroughly, discussing in every township in the district the principles of their party. and if any voter does not fully understand the questions at issue, and the views of the candidates, it is because he does not attend the meetings. There is one feature in this canvass that all are interested in, and that is the music the parties bring out to attract a crowd. Our fine Bands are on the street nearly every night, enlivening the whole city with cheering music, which of itself, is enough to draw all parties, male and female, to listen to it . The interest and excitement will increase and be kept up until after the election, and there is one sign that persons not on the street can tell which party is occupying the ground the Democrats have monopolized Keely's Band of martial music, and and whenever that is heard the Democrats are out both parties employ the other Bands. ! .; i , ... . i -The County Fair- A wrong impession exists in some parts of the count', as to the ' admission to the County Fair. Many think that persons must pay 25 cents for each time they enter the Fair, as in the State Fair. This is wrong., . Any person can get a card that will admit himself and family, males under age, during the Fair, going out and in as often as they please, for one dollar, and they 'also have the privilege of entering any article they please, without extra charge. For persons that do not take a Family card," at $1.00, the admission is 25 cents for each time. '. The best and they can then come and go at pleasure. William D. Gaxlaghek, of Pewee valley, Kentucky, Secretary of the Kentucky State Agricultural Society, delivers the Address before the Marion county : Agricultural Society, on ; Friday i ' morning. Mr. Gallagher is an agriculturaist of note, and a fine writer, and will deliver an address worth listening to. Just before the address, on Friday morning, The National .Guards, City Greys, and Million Artillery companies' will parade on the Fair Grounds. See the Notice of the Fair, in another column. ' The credit system is pretty , much dried up by the hard times. , Experience has proved, and by some it has been bought at a high price, that "a bird in the hand is worth three or more in the.bush" that "prom" ises" do not pay debts, and that it is better to have your goods and materials than to credit them to parties that never intend to be punctual. This system is now reduced to practice by the farmers, in the sale of all their produce and merchandise, and the citizens are generally adopting it. It is the only plan to do business on. . ... - 6iT Are our business men preparing for a good fall trade ? The County Fair, the State Fair, two sessions of the Legislature the extra session and regular session tho Fall Courts, and other gatherings, will keep our city filled with strangers during the Fall and Winter. - '.'!'' ' . . ; . '.. 3ss5 In this weeks paper we present to our readers, through the favor of Powell Howland, Esq., a very interesting letter from Governor Wright, Minister to Berlin. , It will be read with Interest by all Indianians, and particularly those engaged in Agricul ture, as it treats on matters they are interested in. Horace Gueelt was in this city on Tuesday last, the guest of John I). Defrees. He was on his way to deliver aii address before the Fayette County Agricultural Society. " ' ' ' ' 1 6a?" Nixon Crose was arrested in Leavenworth City, Kansas, by officer Hitchcock, on the charge of obtain ing money under latse pretense irom parties in this city. ., '. '; ,- 'l . -; KS" Van Ness, who escaped from the Marion county jail with Shears, was arrested in Noble county, and is now in jail. He is the sixth arrested of those that escaped from jail, 1 i. wo arrests were made this weeK on the ct rge of robbing the mail. ' One was Charles ' Atkins-.n, of Valparaiso, and the other Limerick Parks of Lagrange county. : . :.: CiT Mr. Thomas Moore, a famer living some three miles south-east of the city, had a leg broken Monday by being thrown by a fractious horse. Chicken Cholera. We understand that Mr. McCord, in this city, bought some of the damaged corn so common in this market, to feed his chickens. After they had partaken freely they were attacked with every symptom of cholera, and about two dozen of them died. Look out for the whiskey made of this corn. CiT The Commissioners of the Insane Asylum have under consideratio the subject of sinking an Artesian well for that institutions If a good medicinal water can be procured, it will probably do the patients in the Asylum more good than all the medicine they can take. ' ' i

, Lessons fhom the Past. In the commercial article of the N. Y. Tribune, of Saturday, we find the following sensible and timely remarks, that we consider worthy a place in our columns. Whatever tends to cause business men to learn wisdom for the future by the experience of the past, is beneficial,' and must result in good : It is now little more than a year since the panic of 1857, inaugurated or precipitated by the sudden and disastrous failure of the Ohio Life and Trust Company, buret upon us with fearful violence. During this interval a period darkened and saddened by the contemplation of shattered fortunes, of blasted hopes and ruined credits a spell of inaction has hung over the country, and in every department of business the energies of a youthful, vigorous and enterprising people have suffered under the same paralysis. The process of liquidation and settlement, it is true, has been going on; but except in this work of necessity there has been nothing of the usual vitality perceptible.- The blow has been a severe one too sudden and too violent to be received as a natural and healthful visitation, and welcomed as a wholesome lesson; but, although we could have desired that our experience in adversity, might have been less bitter and severe we but follow the dictates of common sense in striving to drawsome advantages from evils which are past cure by trying to avoid their repetition, and in turning to good account the knowledge gained. In the reconstruction of business, we may profit by the errors rudely developed to us in the system of credits which had reached a dangerous point of extension. We may learn to avoid the mere show of a large trade on nominal profits the unreal satisfaction of making extensive transactions, by the granting of facilities which tempt to hazardous enterprise, and stimulate to ruinous competition. Wo may learn to practice economy in business also to look at the substance rather than the shadow, and to , deal less in magnificence and, display, and more in the useful and practical. We may find our lessons beneficial, too, in checking the tendency to extravagance in private fife, and in diminishing for a while at least, the number of fast men and fast women: To expect that these reforms will be of a permanent character would be to look for a radical change in human nature, but we shall at all events reap a temporary advantage. There is still another progressive step,

winch the crisis ot 1856 will tend to impel, ana that is the more general and careful study of political economy of business men. The complicated machinery of the money market will be examined with greater intelligence, and the premonitory symptoms of a storm in the financial sky will be more accurately noted. From this useful study should result a higher degree of intelligence in banking and in the management of business generally. It is often the case that able writers on the subject of political economy are the veriest bunglers in the management of their own finances, and very inferior business men; but these in most cases are but theoretically intelligent, deriving their knowledge from the library, without the very important assistance of a counting house education. Whoever combines, the two systems of culture, and thus makes the practical and theoretical harmonize and aid each other; must as a rule be more likely to succeed as a merchant, than he who relies solely upon the one or the other. ; ; .... k'.'.--. .' V of Washington and Tennessee streets, being erected by Mr. Valentine Butch, is rapidly approachiug completion, and will be ready by the State Fair. : It will hold about 1,500 persons, comfortably seated, and is furnished and fitted up in a style superior to any Theatre in the west, and equaled by but few in the east. The stage is large and roomy, constructed with all the improvements for changing and shifting scenery. The building will be heated with a furnace, and lighted with gas, giving a double security from fire. .The fresco painting, which is very fine, was done by Mr. F. Pedretti, an Italian, and an artist in his line. This is the first work of the kind done in our city, but we under stand the walls and 'ceiling of the 4th Presbyterian church will be painted by Mr. Pedretti, and perhaps the Masonic Hall, besides a number of parlors, among a. ' -i " -"My. JLhe scenery is being painted by Mr. Gulick of Cincinnati. The large drop cuatain, now ready finished, is a beautiful one, and will be admired under the gas light. Mr. Ott is upholstering the seats. A full force of hands is at work' on the Theatre getting it ready in time, and when finished it will be a credit to the citr. t " 1,1 Kailroad Loan. The commercial article of the N. Yi Herald, of Sept. 8, contains the following ac count of a new railroad loan. ' 1 ' . . i j The railroad loan, to which reference was made in the telegraph summary of the late news fron Europe,' proves to nave oeen, in enect, airesn aavance ot lintish' capital for the construction of railroads in this country,,' The road which has obtained the loan is the Atlantic and Great Western, which runs from Cincinnatior, more properly from Dayton, Ohio, to Great Valley, on the New York and Erie road. It is about 340 miles in length, and will have the six feet gauge. Part of the road has been graded; for the past three years money has been expended in preparing the track. The President is Gen. C. L. Ward. of Pennsylvania. Through his exertions, and those of several American fentlemen associated with him, among whom Mr. Ienry Doolittle, of Ohio, should be especially mentioned, a sum of three millions of dollars in cash, and all the iron that will be required for the road, has been, obtained from European capitalists. It is understood that the bulk of the money has been subscribed in,Paris. Some persons, in alluding to. the. telegraphic announcement of this ioan, have affected to disbelieve, that John Bull would risk any money in our railroads.: It would be very well for the English capitalists if they owned no worse property than United States railway bonds. ' These bonds, as an average, have netted their holders, year in and year out, from six to seven per cent per annum, which is on the whole about twice ' as much interest as European capitalists get for their money in property of other descriptions.. Despite tho defaults of an occasional railroad, the Entrlish have on the whole every reason to be abundantly satisfied with their railway investments in this country,' and so far from expecting them to be disgusted with tlie . business, when the present flurry shall have passed1 over it will be safe to anticipate more British loans than ever. " "" ' 1 '- --- ' 1 ' Telegraphic Cable. Mr. John II. Ohr,' Agent of the Adams Express Co., in this city, presented us ' with a piece of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable, certified to by an autograph letter from Cyrus W. Field as ' part of the cable on board the Niagara, and as genuine.! It has been fairly represented by the engravings we have seen of it, and will be valued as a me" ! mento. . ,','',' , "i . .' .... 0"For the credit of Judge Blackford we will state'' that he was offered $700 a year rent for a basement ' room of his new building, for a saloon, but he rented . it at $175 for a barber shop. How many landlords in i this city would have done this ? ' " j ': ' H A shocking catastrophe occurred yesterday'1 morning on the Hudson River Railroad, by which two persons were killed and others, injured, i A freight train, laden with cattle, stopped near Fishkill to cool a hot axle, when another cattle train ran into it, smash-' ing two locomotives and several cars, runnins into a I machine shop and knocking down an immense chun-' ney, killing some, wounding others, and destroying a large number of cattle. . A full report is given else- t wliere-JV: Y. Tribune. Sent. 8. . : Mr. John B. Boswcll, of Manhattan. Putnam coun-1 ty, Ind., was one of the persons killed by the above ; accident. ' ' , We would call attention to the advertisement headed "highly important intelligence.' J. Morrison who occupies the old stand of Horn & Reed, of which , Mr. II. J. Horn is manager, is receiving, and will sell for cash, at cash prices, a fine stock of Dry Goods as fine as any in the citv. These goods are fresh, pur chased for cash, and will be sold as low as any other house for cash. Go and examine them.

TnE Captured Slaver. A slaver was recently captured by the U. S. ship Dolphin, and as the particulars connected with the vessel are interesting we copy them below; from the Charleston, S. C-lMercury, where the vessel was taken ; " v .,- " The real name of the captured brig is the General Putnam. These letters are partially erased and covered over by those of the assumed name Echo, and would doubtlessjiave been restored, had success crowned the enterprise in which she was engaged when taken. She 13 of Baltimore build, say two hundred and eighty tuns burden, and it is believed, was formerly a packet in the coffee-trade between that port and Kio. On the 6th of March last, she cleared from New Orleans with a captain, two mates, eight seamen, a cook, steward and one passenger. On the 5th of July she shipped a cargo of four hundred and fifty-five slaves on the west coast of Africa, at Kabenda, situated in latitude 5.30 south, longitude 12.20 east. It is in Lower Guinea, in the southern part of the District of Loango, and not far from the river Congo or Zaire. These slaves were purchased in a circuit of five hundred miles, and assembled at a barracoon near the point of shipment. : o . .- The brig set sail with them, and in forty-seven days made the trip, reaching the point of destination on the morning of the 21st ult In this space of time oue hundred and forty-one negroes had died, leaving but three hundred and fourteen alivei A bay on " Cay Verde," one of the keys on the north coast of Cuba, latitude 23.30, longitude 80.20, was the landing-place, where tho Echo was detected by the Dolphin. The officers of the Dolphin left tho harbor of Sagua la Grande the day before, and while cruising in search of slavers, perceived the Mcho at daylight, in the distance, bearing the British flag, and running down the coast ahead of the Dolphin in the same same direction. No suspicion was excited. The brig entered a bay. The Dolphin run on her course, and in good time came in view of the bay and the Echo. The captain of the slaver now lost his presence of mind, supposing he was suspected and pursued, and suddenly hauled off from the coast It was then observed that a number of launches near shore had their sails set to come out to the brig. , This verified the suspicion excited by her strange movement, and the Dolphin gave chase to the flying vessel, still bearing the British flag. Blank cartridges were fired, and it became evident that the pursuer gained. The slaver spread all her canvas in vain, and finding herself about to fall into the clutches of the cruiser, thought to be British, hauled down that flag and run up the Stars and Stripes.

Tho Dolphin followed suit, displaying her true colors, and brought her to with a few shotted guns fired after her. She was boarded by Lieutenant Bradford and sixteen men, and surrendered at discretion. No papers were found, but a signal of a black cross on a white ground, which had probably just been used to notify the party on shore by previous agreement. The crew, nineteen in number, professed to be all passengers without captain or officers. But Lieutenant Maflit selected the prisoner who appeared to be at the head of the enterprise, and took him aboard the Dolphin, with a sick seaman and comrade to tend him. The rest were brought here by Lieutenant Bradford. Of the officers and crew, nineteen in number, the. Mercury adds : , , ; , ; . . : r One is a Greek, one an Italian ; some of them are Portuguese, some Spaniards and some English; Some of them talk about New York, but none now admit that they are Americans, or have, a whereabouts in this country. These smugglers are a desperate looking set of fellows. Under the laws of 1819 and 1820 they will be tried for their lives as pirates sailing on an American bottom under the American flag. They were committed to jail on Saturday afternoon Their trials will take place at Columbia, S. C, before His Honor Judge Wayne, Circuit Judge ; James Conner, United States District Attorney, prosecuting officer. The Court begins to set the 4th Monday in November. Being curious to see the cargo and arrangement of the Echo, we obtained a permit from Dr. W. Ravencl, the Port Physician, and wilh one or two others accompanied Lieutenant Bradford in a small boat from the wharf. Upon clambering up the side of the brig a strange and startling sight presented itself; a deck covered with native Africans in a state of complete nudity, with rare instances of a narrow strip of g luvn .,ia riie waist. These people were seated for the most part with their loss stretched out flat or drawn up in front or doubled up ; some squatted on their feet and hands. A few were standing about and a few were lyinr down. ' None were tied or fastened in any way. The majority were very young, apparently from eight to sixteen years of age, some younger and some older; scarcely one, however, over twentyfive. . Some of them were able-bodied, good sized and in good case ; but the greater part were half-grown children only, weak and worn. Many were much emaciated, and showed plainly tho effects of their long and crowded passage in a confined ship. A few were evidently ill and soon to die. All were pure black in color except the dropsical, whose skins were tawny from disease. Their hair is very short and crisp. Those who were well appeared curious and pleased, some of them ogling and giggling and chattering, and others smoking tobacco out of short clay pipes and cane stems, just as our own negroes do. Those that were thin and sick looked dull and brutish, but there was nothing wild or ferocious in their aspect They looked amiable or docile, and readily obeyed the com. mands of the person who had charge of them. They are great thieves, however, and appropriate"whatever tney can on every occasion. 1 here were two hundred and forty-six males and sixty females, who were kept separate on deck and in the holds. ' The men and boys were kept on the forward deck and in the forward hold, which latter is fifty-five feet long, nineteen feet wide in the broadest part, and narrow at the head, and forty-four inches nigh, the floor beinw formed of loose boards, movable at pleasure. The liold for the women and girls is behind this. It is of the same height, twelve feet long and nineteen wide. Under this temporary flooring is stored the provisions, consisting of rice, peas, and the water to drink. Their food is boiled like " hoppinjohn," put in buckets twine a day, at ten and four o'clock, and placed in the midst of circles of eight or ten each, and well guarded to prevent the strong negroes from taking more than their share, although all are liberally allowed. A pint of water is erven to each, mormncr and evninc. Most of them sleep on deck, being placed in close order, spoon-fashion, on their sides, and not permitted to turn or move during the night , At daylight they are dashed with bucket of water to wash them off. They sing songs, clapping their hands and rocking their bodies, in time, and these songs have a great resemblance to some of our negro spirituals. Several of the negro fellows exercise authority very much after the manner ot our drivers, with airs of authority and ridiculous gesticulations aud grimaces. Others were cooking the " big pot" like good fellows, and with old breeches on, too, obtained from the sailors. The captain of the hold understands their lingo, and says they are very averse to going back to Africa, as the United States law requires. Our coast resembles that they come from, and tho group of pines opposite the city on the south, looks to them like cocoa-nut trees of their native Africa. " ' ' ' In connection with the above we find the following in the Ar. Y. Herald, of September 4, in the Washington dispatches. , , , . . , , ; . Judge Black's force in the Attorney General's office are carefully examining all the laws and decisions relative to the disposition of Africans taken on board slavers. The case reveals a positive obligation on the part of the Executive to send them back to their native land. The proposition had been started that they were free agents, and as such could elect to remain or go back, as might please themselves ; but a case was decided by Judge Harper, in Louisiana, in July, 1830, which overruled this point, and left them no agency in the matter. The act was declared to be imperative. It is generally a matter of gratification to people here that the slaver was taken to a Southern port, and that the trial of the crew will take place where the citizens of a slave State can show their appreciation both of the slave trade and the laws for its suppression. .The telegraph of September 6, brings the following order, as the final disposition to be made of the slaves. In addition to Capt Chauncey, Lieuts. Mullarv, Barnettt. Nelson, Mitchell anil Drake, together with Purser Upbam, have been ordered to the U. S. steam- ; frigate Niagara, which is to be ready in seven days to proceed to Charleston and receive on board the captured Africans. They are to be taken to the coast of Liberia under charge of a special agent, and kept and supported there by our Government until they can be otherwise provided for. i

WASHINGTONTSeptTiP The Government has to-day concluded a treaty Wfi the American Colonization Society, by which the U ter agreed to submit and instruct the captured ' cans for one year after their arrival in Liberia, havi due regard to their health and comfort. For t service somewhat less than $50,000, which was orio? nally proposed by the society, is to be paid. o1" CjT The American, of this week, fully sustains tte Constitutional provision on the school question, Sbj

tne decision oi me supreme vourt unuer it. w e the article entire : Copj, Our readers will remember that we have not thized with those who have denounced the SunroL syoipv Court on account of its opinion on the school law, otherwise. We published, last week, a letter Judge Perkins on that subject, both as a matte -.: . , u a ,, ,.,.:,.., v onstitution self is eminently right in that respect. - -N The policy ot the btate is and should be to educate all of her children, and this can be done only hys uniform system of free schools, which shall be as goor in the country as in towns and cities. It is no faulty the child that it lives in a poor section of country, an(j those who fare better should be willing to divide wit!, their less fortunate neighbors. In this connection we will again approve of the decision of the Court, which virtually distributes the township school fund, by rr quiring it to be accounted for in receiving a divi(lenij from the other school funds. Nothing could be more unjust than to favor the wealthy farmers who live in fertile bottoms, and whose school section is worth ten times as much as the section which falls on the township on the hills. That fertile and valuable section is the common inheritance of all the children of the State and should be so regarded. .. .; We hope the next legislature will assess at least sufficient tax to keep schools nine months in tho year in every school district in the State. Handsome Present. Messrs. Lawrence & Allen have left at this office, for the inspection of our country readers, two handsome Silver Cups, that they intenrj to present to the person that has the best colt from the horse Beloit Morgan. The colts will be exhibited at the farm of John McMahan, two miles south-east of the city, on next Saturday afternoon, the 18th inst, at 2 o'clock. The judges will be selected on the ground. The presents are really . handsome, and valuable, and we have no doubt the owners of the colts will contend for them. The cups can be seen at this office until Tuesday next. . , , . , The publishers, Mr. Horace Waters, No 333 Broadway, New York, has sent us a piece of music, called "The Angels told me so;" words by Rev. Syd. ney Dyer; music by Horace Waters, and arranged for thePiano Forte by Augustus Colle. We suppose it can be obtained at the Music stores in this city. lar Holman has his new goods on, ready for the in. spection of the Ladies. The pile of boxes in front of his store show that he has a large stock, and an examination will show that they have been selected with care, and will be sold low. ' The nimble sixpence is the best motto these hard times. - 6aT Last, week our compositor got the notices of Marriages and deaths terribly mixed up, and this was not noticed until our entire edition was printed. We republish them this week, correct" ' ' ' Large Tomato. J. M. W. Lanosdale has left at our office, for the inspection of any that want to examine it, a tomato that weighs two pounds and three ounces. Is there a larger tomato in the county ? . ,,. ' A little daughter of James Wagoner, of the Carlisle House, in this city, was burned to death a few a.7o a'uivu, her clothes catching fire from some lucifer matches she was playing with. " ' '' s O" Goveror Richardson of Nebraska has resigned, and will stump Illinois in behalf of Judge Douglas. On Thursday and Friday all the places of business kept by Jews, in this city, were closed, the Hebrews were keeping their New Year. The Hebrew Synagogue was opened in this city on Friday. 6aT The Charleston Mercury says of the captured Africans: " These negroes, purchased on the We Coast at from 50 cents to $1, and costing scarce more than $10 or $15 to be delivered on the coast of Cuba, were all to be sold by contract at $560 round, or ona hundred and seventy-seven thousand nine hundred and eighty dollars (177,980) for the cargo. Such gains are too tempting to be resisted by those who make haste to be rich." ' , ST The treaty with China is already telling favorably upon American trade. The manufacturers of domestic goods in Boston are already it is 6tated, realizing the beneficial effect of the recent treaty. One house has receivedordersfor 3,000 packages,and another isr eported as having received orders for 1,500, making in the aggregate 4,500 packages , CORRESPONDENT'S TRAIN. For the Locomotive. . PARTING. ,. ' BY MARY LYNN. It's over, all over , ; The grief and the pain, In sadness we've parted, To meet not again; X would not recall thee , ' Though dear to my heart, ' ? i The brief dream is ended, ' ' ' In peace then depart ' ! " '' ' I once thought thee noble, . ' ., i .- I fancied that earth Held not such another Of truth and of worth ; . ' m But false I have found thee, And though tears will start, " '' : I calmly can bid thee ' ' ' ' " s In peace to depart. ' ' , Yes, leave me, oh leave me, I While strength I have left, " , ... To turn from the pleasures ;',..',i : !.. . Now from my heart reft; ' ' I vainly would hate thee, " ' ) i . .) . To still the deep smart ' - I feel still I love thee , : " . Oh from me depart T , For the Locomotive.- ) Mr. Editor: . The fanners complain occasionally through your paper of the disadvantages under which they labor for the want of concert of action. Several weeks ago "A Farmer" complained of the evil of selling wheat, for which the market prices at a futnre period was to be roM Ti.a ni,:.i ,i. i , nml the price of wheat after they have got the principal part of the crop, is no doubt true, and that all of us would do and will do in buying and selling any commodity. As a general thing men engage in business to make money, and if a merchant buys wheat, and sells at S1.25 per bushel on the first of October, tor which he is liable to pay after the first January, at the market price, his interest is enlisted to have the market price as low as he can get it, and if the farmers of Indiana sell one or two million bushels of wheat soon"5 after harvest, on such terms, the wheat merchants will have a common interest in lowering the price, about the time the farmers call on them for nav. We cannot blame them they are doing business in accordance ' with the system upon which mercantile transactions are done generally. But the system is disadvantageous to the farmers. "Fair commerce is where equal values are exchanged for equal, the expenses of transport included, thus, (to change the phraseology of Franklin to illustrate our case,) if it costs A in Indiana,

JUStlUV bile vuui v, anu ia gi.e an wvaoivil to g. that we have not only regarded the decision as in ketl

in" with the Constitution, but that the C