Locomotive, Volume 46, Number 4, Indianapolis, Marion County, 11 September 1858 — Page 1

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" . . " iiiiii-"- - i " -i " I ! ii' iwV 1 i in ELDER & HARKNESS, "The Chariots shall rage In the streets, they shall seem like torches, they shall run like the lightnln6s."A'aAUm,.i, 4. Printers and Publishers.

VOL. XL VI.

, THE LOCOMOTIVE pBINTED AND PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY BT 15 ELDER & HARKNESS, thir Book and Job Printing Office, on Meridian Street, Indianapolij Ind.. opposite the Post Office.: ' tKRMS One Dollar a year. Twenty-tlve Cents for three ths Six copies to one address for one year, Five Dollars; ""teen copies one year for Ten Dollars, It?" idiikci u 1 rltu-jjl Ko paper will be sent until pnid for, and no 'l'er will be continued after the time paid for expires, unless ''Viit obt for mi Csmss All mail and county subscribers know their nine is out when tliey soe a largecitoss marked !; theirpaper, and that i.alwa; ys tbe last paper sent until the ..inscription is renew. n ...jure, (81ines.orless.250 mi,) for I week. . " toi each subsequent insertion , 0.50 i 0.85 for three months i..... 3.00 ti for six months a. ' it t for one year, without alteration 8.00 t4 " for one year, with frequent changes 12.00 ' mall reduction made on larger advertisements. Cuts Special Notices double the above rates. ( Xr-rins ( nsli. !" rr-pAdntrtitementt must be handedin by Thursday of lack jfcer tkey Kill bedefsrred until the next issue. , '. OPTICAL. , ' 1 i. am tt Mrtr.dt hn vhn troil On Siiuti's Mount, and talked with God; : ! That stem old Patriarch who, alone, , . . .in l.rnrA Hia Kcvntian throne'- ' Aud called on Heaven, with vengeful hand , . j: To drive oppression fron the lund ! You've heard how faithfully he led . .. . : ' When Israel's host from bondage fled ... , How, clothed with power divine to save, He stayed the Ked Sea's angry wave; , . ... Drew water from the fl'nty rock, ": ' , On manna fed his wayward (lock, . - . . ; , ,:,- ' Relieved each want, and each distress, . And only sought to guide and bless. . I sing of Moses, one as bold '' " ' ' ' As that stern Patriarch of old; Of one as faithful, and as true ; . -jAa fainting Israel ever knew; Of one who comes to give us light - Who comes to cheer and bless our sight , f i. -. . With Spectacles, whose Louses shine ):' ;' Like Diamonds from Golconda's mine; , . With Glasses which possess the power - To light and bless the darkest hour ; Crystals, which make the dimest page Ali plain alike to youth orage, ' , i Which clip the wings of lime and pain, . And make the dim Kye bright again. ., His is no task of "Grasping Jew," , ,., ,. . Devoid of all that's "good and true," , Whose Brass supplies the want of brains, .., .r, Whoso only aim is petty gains; ' Bat with experience, zeal and skills 1 With buisy hands and earnest will, He scatiers blessings far and wide, ' ' ' And gathers friends on every side .. s,: :, ,. .. Proclaiming loud to all mankind. You need no longer "Go it Blind!" " , MOSES, Optician. No. 8 West Washington Street. ,. ; JE. J. BALDWIN ic CO., ;. . , , J E W E L E R S. , . No. 1 Bates House. ' rf 1HA.VKFUL FOR PAST FAVORS, would respectfully beg I leave to inform the public that they are still on hand with their usual full assortment of every thing in the way of . Watches, Jewelry, SilvC Ware, &c. We wish it distinctly understood that we do not keep the low priced, bogus Watches and Jewelry, gotten up for auction sales; but will guarantee to sell good, honest articles As low as can possibly be had elsewhere in the West. Our Silver Ware is warranted equal to Coin; our tvatckes bound to go and keep time, and all our goods just what we represent tnem to be. For further proof call and examine for yourselves. We have the nest ihtcmiiu m v....j "' :.; J1UJ, OV v.. rf - r .Ah. n.nn vnur vvaicnea. ... " i FTJKNITUKE WABKKOOM. , JOHN VETTEK, meridian St., in Keelr's Invincible, Block, 5 DOORS SOUTH OF POST OFFICE. . T7"EEPS on hand all kinds of good and solid Furniture, which IV ha sells at the lowest prices. As Cabinet-maker and Turner, he is prepared at anv time to promptly execute all orders in his line of business. His factory is opposite the Madison Depot. Everything done is warranted to bo in the neatest and roost durable style. aprl , , ' JOHN VETTER. REMOVED. J H VA JEN has removed his New Store, No. 21, West .Washington street, opposite Browning's Drug Store, where hekecps constantly on hand, the largest and : Best Assorted Stack of Hardware In the City, at Keducea Prices. He has just received a large lot of Gum Belting, Rope and Blocks: Axes, Nails. Locks, Hinges, Polished Fire Setts, Ames Shovels, Fine Cutlery, &c. dec5 J. It A It 11, sir Vcnltian Blind-Manufacturer,; a Snnnres North of Court House, on Alabama street Keens constantly on hand Blinds for Dwelling Hon-. i ses, ami also maKes to oroer minus ior puunu v.i jti.. rate KnililiTiirs.. . i-;. - . M. LONG, Agent lr Venitian Blinds, on Meridian St., near rilA KES Dleasure in returning his thanks to the Ladies and X Gentlemen of this place and vicinity lor tbe.ir very lib eral patronage, ami still hopes to meet toe same connoence ue has engaged since he commenced Hie practice of his profession in Indianapolis. Artificial Teeth, from one to a full set, inserted on Platina, troui, or bilver. Particular attention given to regulating, cleaning, and ex tractimr Teeth. Kthp.r piven when renuired. All work warranted, aud charges reasonable. Office 3d story ricicnerci woollev's block, no. H cast wasningion sireei. Oct. 24-tf J. r. HILL. 6. OOLDSMlTIIn . J. B. Hill Fruit and Ornamental Nursery. fllHE undersiirnRd have established themselves in the NurS' I ery business on the well known Nursery groands formerly eccunieit hv if.n. AiHrarlirA. fw rorf. RRst of the cornoralion 'ine, Indianapolis. We have on hand a general assortment of ''"it trees, of such varieties as are best adapted to our soil and Wmate. The trees are of the very best quality. Also a very Jtock of Ornninont.il Shr"bbery. jj.We are now ready 10 HI all orders promptly. Address, HILL, GOLDSMITH St CO., 0ov7-'i7-tf - I Indianapolis, Ind. ( Important to Young Men ! ! TF YOU WISH TO ACQUIRE A COMPLETE K.NOWLVJL EDGE of Book Keeping In all its branches, attepd HAYDEN'S HIEBCANTILE COLLEGE, At Indianapolis, where each student ia drilled at the desk, step ' step, until he has mastered the entire routineofan accountnt's duties, and Is fully qualified for taking charge of any set nooks. - . .1 ("The Kvenine Session has commenced. ir you wisn io. ompl ue aeoi,, n,is winter, yon should enter soon. roi acircularcontainingfull particulars, addressthe Pnn-, I v ocii.-iy J. c. HAYDEN, Indianapolis, Ind. ' j G7A.WJLL 'FICE, Harrison's New Bank Building, 19 East Washing ton Street, second floor, front room. , "mce hours from 8 A . M. to J P. M. ' novi-y . Tn rm fm K:lls. 'pH K L'NDERSTGNED wishes to sell 42 acres of laid, o f'yetle State rod four miles North-west of Indi '"'tit t' TbB land ' "f lll-ri"luliy.all heav ily tii.here hered the'mltWO Crc' which cleared For particularsapply qutnfirls() cord ofdrjwood which nj'uitpnrchasers. Add

wUl be del vered ; A. J. M1LLEK.

INDIANA POLTS,

. I" AVe publish the following article from the ITtfness, on the triumph of the Maine law, at the particular request of an enthusiastic Temperance Lady, and ask for it a careful perusal. We have no idea that a Temperance law on the principle of search seizure and confiscation can be passed through an Indiana Legislature for many years, or that the popular will would sustain one, until educated up to that point; but we have no doubt that the next Legislature, no difference what the politics of the majority may be will frame a law fully up to the popular will, restraining and guarding the sale of liquor nothing prevented the last Legislature from doing this but the refractory conduct of the majority in the Senate : . . ; t TRIUMPH OF THE MAINE LAW. " "The following, says the Kennebeck Journal, is the total official vote of the people of Maine on the liquor law. It appears that every county has decided in favor of the Prohi bitory law of 1 856, except Aroostook, where there is a small majority for the License law. The course taken with this matter, in removing it entirely from the line of politics; by submitting it fully and fairly to the people, proves to be generally satisfactory. License. .'. , ' ; Proliihltion. ' ' Total votes, 5,912. ' , ' ' 28,804." ' , ' ' This is a decisive blow at the right spot. , The croakers have been saying the "Maine Law is a failure," but now we hear the people of Maine speaking for themselves. It is a moral triumph I,. No politics or anything else mixed up with the "liquor question." Every effort has been put forth by the "trade" to break down the prohibitory law, and to a fearful ex tent succeeded. J. he .Reformation now seemed backward, and many of the friends of the Law were dis couraged, and ready to give it up. But there were bold and faithful friends, who worked for their lives. A revised law was passed last winter, to be submitted to a vote of the people. . ; They have voted. ... And the figures above show the results. Every County but one in the great State, decided by' solemn vote that they would prohibit by law the sale of intoxicating liquors. tilonous! triumph I Better than the subdmne of na tions, or the conquering of a thousand cities 1 This victory spills no blood lays waste no homes destroys no property enfeebles no function of industry." or legitimate trade; it make no widows or orphans, nor does it carry blight or mildew to a single fragrant flow er or green herb that beautifies hill or valley.' No; no; Maine, with a moral sentiment that decides by a solemn vote at the ballot box by 28,864 of her voters, men, not women, (though we have no doubt they have had much to do with this moral triumph,) men of legal age and standing, have decided against 6,912 that mtocicating liquors shall not be sold on their soil God bless Maine 1 May the force of her example roll westward, sweeping over every State, and routine the ene my in all our great and blessed land. The lion must be chained, or chased out of the world, or he will destroy the brightest hopes and dearest homes of our country.. ' - Is it not time tor Indiana to begin to think on her "7j ropptit, and do her first works ? Will she not see to it that her "Mainela-w" :- "ieu t0 llle asrain, and made effective i Let the sober think of it. Vv e 1 submit, whether there be a single question of more importance of the pell-being of our Slate than the vitalizing again ot our noDie "Maine uquor law r Then next to that is our Common School Law. These subjects lay at the very heart of all that is valuable in our future. And does it not become us to lay by all party strife, and come at once to a united effort to restore, and perfect, if need be,' the two great fundamental rights, viz : temperance and education. Take these away and you destroy all that is desirable in our great and glorious State. You restore them, and you will give us a sober and intelligent people, which are the hope and glory of any State. V INFLUENCE OF FEMALES ON SOCIETY, i i Fkom an accurate account of the condition of women in any country, it would be difficult to infer the whole state of society. So great is the influence they exercise on the character of. men, that the latter will be elevated or degraded according to the situation of the weaker sex... Where women are slaves, as in Turkey, the men will be the same; where they are treated as moral beings where their minds are cultivated, and they are considered equals the state of society must be high, and the character of the men energetic and noble. , There is so much quickness of comprehension, so much susceptibility of pure and generous emotion, so much ardor of affection in women, that they constantly stimulate men to exertion, and have, at the same time, a most powerful, agency in soothing the angry feelings, and in mitigating the harsh and narrow propensities which are generated in the strife of the passions. . .i ; ' The advantages of giving a superior education to women are not confined to himself, but have a salutary influence on our sex. -The fear that increased instruct tion, will render them incompetent or neglectful in domestic life, is absurd in theory, and completely destroy--ed by facts. Women, as well as men, when once established in life, know that there is an end of trifling; its solicitudes and duties multiply upon them equally fast the former are apt to feel them much morekeen-l,-an,! trwi frpniip.nt.1v abandon all previous acnuireYYifmtja tn flp.vnte themselves wholly to these. , But if the one sex have cultivated and refined minds, the other must meet them from shame, if not from sympathy. If a man finds that his wife is not a mere nurse or a housekeeper, that she can, when the occupations of the day are over, enliven a winter's evening; that she can converse on the usual topics of literature, and enjoy the pleasures of superior conversation, or the reading of a valuable book, he must have a perverted taste, indeed, if. it does not make home still dearer, and prevent him from resorting to taverns for recreation. The benefits to her children need not be mentioned; instruction and cultivated taste in a mother enhance their respect and affection for her and their love of home, and throw a charm over the whole scene of domestic life. WilliamJTudor. . ,: . . : BANK CASHIERS. , ;;- ' ' It is reported as a historical fact that every cashier .i. p,.,l r.e VT,Ar(. save one. for one century VI LUC Artua v. -JlJ " ' tvwt.. lias pnded hiiJ life by suicide. In that venerable and giganlic institution, which embraces a little world withm itself, the cashier' is the responsible premier; and among his thousand employees some defalcation inexplicable to the public must necessarily occur in a series of years; and such has been the honorable sensi- : the, nnnhipr of the bank, that they have - warl rtpnth tn dishonor. : Many a funeral CVCI III ii,... v. - - - -- . cortatrc composea oi graj-ntun-u iMimaa am . man "has traversed Threadneedle street, while the e n iiAnuii man pl('-immnlat,pd. nreceded it corpse ui o" .""-i ----- ---.t i to the final "bank of deposit," wherethe rich and poor, the good and Dad, are an on --par. -t . .toil q cinmilar fact, that amonrr all the disastrous defalcations in American banks, they have never led to the "selfimmolation" of a single cashier, through gnef or rei morse. A Tennessee paper - for the bank cashiers oi mat vu 'sensitive conscientiousness" of the cashiers of the i t-ij l,pn a defalcation occurs P. . -c ' ,i Wo rpnpwals are eternal . 5 i M-fr nt Tnll WflV. IU a """" " J So? them wouldbe , pub-

lie blessing, it is thought.

IND. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1858.

A BUNDLE OF ALL SORTS, A. woman is either "worth a good deal, or nothing. If good for nothing, she is not worth getting jealous for : if she be a true woman, she will give no cause for . jealousy. A lady beinc asked the other dav whv she chose to -lead a simple lite, replied, " Simply, because I am not able to support a husband." ' Apprehensions are expressed lest news coming along ' the Atlantic telegraph wires through 2,000 miles of salt-water, will not be fresh when it gets here. -: A Maine editor says that a pumpkin in that State grew so large that eight men could stand around it. This is like the fellow that saw a flock of pigeons so large that he could shake a stick at them. ' Customer " Barkeeper how do we stand ?" Barkeeper "Well, you are on one side of the counter and I'm on the other." .. , n A man ceases to be a "good fellow" the moment he refuses to do precisely what other people wish him to -da i '. A pretty woman pleases the eye ; a good woman pleases the heart. The one is a jewel, the other a treasure. i, , A lady wished a seat. A portly, handsome gentleher. . " Oh you're a iewjnan brought one and seated el," said she. " Oh, no," replied he, " I'm a jewellei I have just set the jeweL" Could there have been anything more gallant than that? - . A Dutchman, on being called upon to help to pay for a lightning rod for the village church, toward the building of which he had liberally subscribed, exclaimed, ' I have helped to build a house for de Lort, and if he chooses to donder on it and knock it down, he must do it at his own risk." Toads live almost entirely upon insects, and do no harm jn the garden. , Induue as many as possible to make it their home. . ,,. . ' , - : Lafayette, Ind., must be a hard place. An old far mer who had been somewhat unfortunate in some of his dealings in that interesting embryo village, expressed his opinion of it as follows: "If the angel Gabriel happens to light at Lafayette, there'll be no resurrection, for they'll swindle him out of his horn before he can make a single toot !" - A little urchin in Sunday School at Buffalo was asked : " What did our Saviour say when he knew that Judas betrayed him ?" The urchin scratched his head a few moments, and then gravely answered: " Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty 'I". A clergyman being much pressed by a lady of his acquaintance to preach a sermon on the first Sunday after her marriage, complied and chose the following passage in the Psalms for his text : " And let there be abundance of peace while the moon endureth." .. There is nothing so great that I fear to do for my friend, nor nothing so small that I will disdain to do for him. Sir Philip Sidney. , , ... , ""-' P-.-. 1 ,J :- 9 onrrinp.liniKPa in the City of I hyladelphia; There are at present 2,100 mechanics at work in the Brooklin Navy Yard. . " - There are forty-six persons in England who have incomes of 450,000 a year. - ? - i . ,. There are 87 Savings Banks in Mass., in which 177,000 depositors hold over $33,000,000. All children who enter the public schools in Wash ington are required to be vaccinated. . : : : - The wine, brandy, cigars, and tobacco imported into the United btates last year, cost $ 11,934,868. At one of the public gardens in Cincinnati, six thousand glasses of lager beer were sold on a recent bunday. . . ,: .. , ,., . . - A school committee-man in Maine, in advertising for a school-master, says none need apply who wear a shawl, or spectacles, or walk with a cane. ' Walking and Puke Am. Anaximenes taught that air is mind. Some one else says that is the hid. den food of life. Plutarch seems to incline to Anaximenes' opinions, remarking that perhaps the reason why there is a sympathy of feeling on various subjects arises from breathing the same air. Air is an exhala tion of all the minerals of the clobe; the most elaborate' lv finished of all the works of the Creator. All classes of men affirm this. Sidney Smith say s to public speak ers that if they would walk twelve miles before speak in", they Would never break down. In English uni verslties, boat races, horseback rides, and ten mile walks are a part of the educational means for physical development. rlato says a walk in the open air will almost cure a guilty conscience. , 7 '. ' I' - ' l I ' ' " .' A Frightened Fool. Bahalul (court fool of Haroun Al Rasclnld) seems to have been a dissipated fellow, and the Caliph enjoined him to marry and live discreetly, loving his wife and bringing up his family iu honor. The jester so far obeyed as to go through the nuptial ceremony;, but, as he was conducting his wife to her apartment, the uncourteous bridegroom suddenly paused, looked as if he were petrified, and declaring that he had never heard such a tumult in his life, took to his heels, and did ,not reappear for mouths. Meanwhile the bride had procured a divorce, and then Bahalul made his re-entree, at court - " So I" exclaimed the Caliph, with an inquiring air. ,,. ... . . : , " Ay, ay ! cried the fool,- "you would have done as I did. The tumult scared me away beyond the hills." -" What tumult ?" asked Haroun. - ' . "Why," said Bahalul, "as my wife was entering her room, there came from her sounds as ot a thousand voices. Amid them I could distinguish the cries of 'rent I taxes! doctors! sons! daughters! schooling dress ! silks ! satins 1 muslins 1 drawers 1 slippers money ! more money ! debt I imprisonment ! and B halul has drowned himself in the Caliph's bath! . There' with." added the iester, "terrified at the solemn warn' ing, and wishing to avoid the profanity of plunging my person into your brightness's bath, I fled till the danger was over, and here I am; owing nothing, and disinclined to drown myself. i t ' ' TnE Evil of a Bad Temper. A bad temper is a curse to the possessor, and its influence is most dead ly wherever it is found. It is allied to martyrdom to be obliged to live with one ot a complaining temper. To hear one eternal round of complaint and murmuring, to have every pleasant thought scared away by this evil spirit, is a sore trial.' It is like the sting ot scorpion a perpetual nettle, destroj-ing your peace, rendering life a burden. Its influence is deadly; and the purest and sweetest atmosphere is contaminated in to a deadly miasma wherever this evil genius prevails. It has been said truly, that while we ought not to let the bad temper of others influence us, it would be as unreasonable to spread a blister upon the skin, and not expect it to draw, as to think of a family not suffering because of the bad temper of its inmates. One string out ot tune will destroy the music ot an in gtrument otherwise perfect; so it all the members ot church, neichborhood, and family, do not cultivate kind and alleetionate temper, there will be discord and every evil work. Steele.

AGRICULTURE IN EUROPE.

T PTTPD i?DfilT P fV "1VDFPT1T " 1 1 Mt Ml U M U U V . W ll 1 U 11 1 . Berlin, August 6, 1858. 'My Dear Sir: I . After an absenee of a few days among the best farmers and agricultural schools of this country, I comply with my long neglected promise. I had not time to visit Belgium, nor the most Southern districts of Germany, where, it is said, agriculture has reached a great degree of perfection. Should such an opportunity occur, you shall hear from me again. Most interesting was my ' visit to Hohenheim, the great Agricultural School of Europe. Its name literally, the high home, derived from its position near the summit of a lofty hill, about eight miles from Stttugardt in the kingdom of Wurtemburg, suggests at once the ennobling and elevating character of its influence upon all houses that come within its range. An Institution where young men of all ranks and conditions of life, from the son of the poorest peasant to the heir of a kingdom, are thoroughly, practically and scientifically instructed in those pursuits upon which the essential prosperity of every country depends, I have thought that a brief sketch of its history and its plan of in. struction might furnish some useful hints and interest ing facts to the farmers of our own State, to whoni verything connected with the progress of agricul ture has an importance which cannot be too highly es timated. The estate of Hohenheim was anciently the posses sion of a noble family bearing that name, and in the progress of time fell from one hand to another, until. in 1768, it became the property of Duke Charles, who enlarged its area, built a handsome modern palace in place of the old castle, and devoted the greater por. tion of the grounds to agricultural experiments. As a historical fact worth remembering, it may be stated that Duke Charles was the first person in Wurtemburg, to make a practical application of lightning rods to buildings. 1 Under his sagacious and well directed supervision, Hohenheim became one of the most cele brated farms, if I may apply ' that word to a princely estate, in .all Europe ; but after his death it was neglected, and gradually reduced to a condition of most deplorable ruin. . The palace was deserted, and rapidly fell into decay. The splendid orchards, the fields of grapes and grain, the establishments for rearing of cattle, upon all of which the Duke had lavished the extremest care, were suffered to lose their high rank) and degenerate to the standard of the agriculture of the peasantry. But in 1817, when the Agricultural Union was in1 li 1 0ocait"ir (f Vtirrll a'l i.ti t t fi n Troi tute for the kingdom of Wurtemburg, was apparent, King William, the present ruler, who has devoted him self to the improvement of the agriculture of his State: determined to raise Hohenheim from its fallen condition ; and though it no longer attracts the wonder and admiration of the traveller by princely magnificance. yet as an institution whose object is the promotion of the physical and moral well-being of the people, it has won, both at home and in foreign countries, a second fame more enviable and enduring than the first. As at present organized, the Agricultural School at Hohenheim comprises five hundred acres of cultivated soil, and more than five thousand acres of, forestThe rooms in the old Ducal palace have undergone a genuine Democratic transformation into Lecture halls cabinets for various collections, students' appartments, and the like. There, under the direction of twelve profesors, selected from all parts of Germany, for the eminence of their scientific and practical attainments, from one to two hundred young men devote them selves to the study of agriculture, and all the various branches of knowledge theoretically or practically con nected therewith. Practical instruction is given in such a manner that each student becomes thoroughly learned in all the departments of knowledge comprised under the general term, agriculture. But as each pupil must necessarily master all these departments within three years, it is necessary to; pursue a certain fixed course of instruction for the gradual practical education of the agriculturalist. Hence his first year is devoted to the simpler and lighter duties of the farm, such as fall to the lot of our " chore boys," gradually proceeding to the harder and more important, such as the preparation of compost, the sowing of gypsum, haying and harvesting, and the like. The second year he learns to manage oxen, to plough, and is obliged in addition to ' take the whole charge of his team. In tbe intervals of his severer labors, he must pay attention to the culture of trees, to the storage of different kinds of grain, &c. &c. ' .The third and last year is devoted to the management of the horse, to heavy ploughing, to the .application ot the most unproved machinery to farm labor, to sowing, and all the higher departments of agriculture. 1 In the course of this year opportunity is afforded for learning the manufacture of sugar, the most improved methods of brewing, &c, and the construction of machines and toolsTo conclude the course of practical education, those pupils who have made satisfactory progress, are ap pointed overseers of the under-scholars, and thus have the best opportunity to test the worth and thoroughness of their own culture, l.i ' i : The theoretical department of the School, is perhaps the finest in the world. '- Everything is experimentally ' demonstrated, and no result is officially announced until careful and repeated experiments have determined its soundness. In connection with studies immediately relating to agriculture, the pupils are instructed in mathematics, mechanics, mineralogy, geology, botany, chemistry, political economy, &c, . ; In all the departments of the School, theory and practice go hand in hand. , The students not only learn the how, but the why of every operation connected with agriculture. For example, while learning the practical management of the horse, they must study his whole anatomy, as thoroughly as medical students study the anatomy of the human frame. The professors il lustrate their lectures from skeletons, stuffed specimens, and the most perfect artificial models that can be pro cured. My introduction to this celebrated institution, was the hearinn of a lecture by Professsor Ran, on the ! manufacture of cheese. I have just remarked, that

NO. 4.

theory and practice in this School, co hand in hand : and here was a good illustration of the principle. Sixty gallons of nulk were placed upon the fire when the lecture began, and the whole process of cheese making was theoretically explained and practically developed. Fifteen young geutlemen, one of them, if I mistake not, the sou of a Prince, listened for more than an hour to the Professor's interesting exposition. The lecture was enlivened by pleasant remarks growing out of the subject, and in the course of it, the Professor took occasion to cambat the idea that English grass, English air, or English fogs, combined or severally, are essential to the manufacture of good cheese. He insisted that cood milk and a right understanding and application of the best methods, are the only essential conditions in the making, though age is necessary to onng out tno nnest uavor. u well made ana properly cared for, he remarked, cheese will keep good for half ' a century. It was formerly the custom in ports of Germany, to commemorate the birth of a child by the manufacture of an immense cheese, which was then buried, and kept to be eaten only when the son or daughter to whom it belonged should be married. From the lecture room I passed, under the guidance" of Professor Rau, to the silk rooms, kept solely for experiments, as the silk worm does not thrive in this climate. Thence I went to the cabinet, where models and specimens of farming implements, of almost every age and description, are to be found. I saw a very curious series of plough-models, from the rudest wooden machine of old Roman times to the latest improved pattern of Starbuck & Son, of New York. The collection would remind you of the Patent office in Washington. . After passing hurriedly through various collections of stuffed specimens of wild and domestic animals, of different kinds of wood, of curious fabrications, I took a rapid survey of the experimental fields, where all manner of agricultural problems are attempted : such as the effect of this or that soil upon every kind of grain, the effect of different and successive crops upon the1 same soil, the method of culture best adapted to each several crop, and so on to the end of the list. I cannot undertake, within the limits of a single letter, to enumerate all the different crops which I saw growing side by side in these fields. There was Turkish tobacco, Maryland tobacco, Indian corn, many kinds of grain peculiar to our country, either in separate lots or intermixed. These fields are subject to the most careful attention.' Every circumstance of growth, success or failure, is poted with great precision and caution. Only after three, four, or even five experiments, when there seems to be no room for uncertainty or probibility of mistake, do the directors of the school allow the results of their labors to go forth to the world. Any change from old, well-established usage, is regarded with suspicion. Not a fast people, moving slowly, quietly, and firmly, the Germans dislike the hazard of frequent experiments. Most of their farms are so small that the loss of any part of his crop wouai be a matter of serious importance to a German agriculturist. Hence no results are communicated to the people from the model farm, to which all classes look up, until their perfect utility can be practically demonstrated. , In the spacious stables connected with the School are kept forty milch cows. The management of them is peculiar. They are never let out, even to water, but they are regularly and systematicalYy7e3 andmdeif. I was assured, that by many experiments it had been ascertained that the best food for milch cows durin" the Summer and part of Autumn, consisted of cut oats', peas and vetch, raised together and given to them green, as we feed blue grass and clover. Some of these cattle were the most noble specimens of their species I have ever seen. One thousand sheep are kept upon the farm, principally for their wool. By many careful and minute experiments and calculations in regard to feed, it has been ascertained that the profit realized upon every hundred pounds of hay fed to sheep, is thirty kreutzers, (about twenty cents of our money,) while upon a like amount fed to cattle, the profit is only twentyfour kreutzers, (about sixteen cent) ; demonstrating a profit of about twenty per cent, in fayor of sheep, as compared with cattle. ' ' . " Is it not a strange fact, that our people do not devote more attention to the raising of sheen ? By the last . census it appears that the number of sheep in our State is less than a million ; and if I remember right,, one half of the entire value of the live stock of Indiana, according to tho census of 1850, at that time consisted, of the value of hogs. But if, in this country, sheep, are more profitable than cattle, how would it be with us, where land is cheap, and where our well-fenced pasture grounds would enable us to dispense with the services of shepherds ? It has been well said of the sheep, that he never dies insolvent ; his fleece will al- ; ways pay his cost ; his manure is better than that of other animals ; he destroys briars and thorns, and in every respect exerts a good influence on the character of vegetation. Wherever he runs, wild grass disappears, and his sure productiveness will always make him a source of profit. With our immense possessions,

an extent ot territory a hundred times larger than Great Britain, more than sixteen times as large as France, larger, by more than twelve times, than all Germany; and with such a large proportion of this territory well adapted to sheep-grazing, is it not most , absurd and wicked, that we should continue to import wool to the amount of millions of dollars from those countries, instead of raising it within our own borders ? Great attention is given at Hohenheim, and indeed throughout Germany, to thepreservation of the manure . and offal of the country. On the " Rothchild farm," an estate of about 1300 acres, near Frankfort on the I Main, one fourth of which is in grass lands, I found . that about 1 200 gulden are expended yearly for city j offal, which every night is hauled out m large hogsheads. The Batman farm of 500 acres, also near Frankfort, pays a large sum for the blood from the slaughter houses, and in addition is annually enriched , with 300 loads of manure. Here it may be stated that Napoleon has laid out twelve additions' farms about his military camp at Chalons, in order tr turn the little . manure and offal of the horses to the bi t practical account. , i . .

, In this country, as everywhere else, the great prob- I lem for the agriculturist is this : How to obtain the best manure at such prices and in such quantities, that I the poorest land may be made profitably productive ? t In some districts of Germany, however, the soil is so peculiar that even manure will not combine with it, . I without the co-operation of other agents. Thus the common lupine, which grows luxuriantly in many parts of our country, will not only flourish upon sandy plains, ! ' where even thistles would die, but impart to, or devel- -i ops in the soil a property which enables it to receive 5 nutriment from manure, and thus be prepared to sup: ; port potatoes, grain, and other crops. It has been dis- i , covered also that forest trees have the fertilizing prop-v : erty ; and accordingly, whole districts may be seen in 1 Germany covered with a low growth of pine, chestnut, : or oak, where in a few years the golden harvests will : wave and ripen in the sun. , . ; i i From the manner in which the Germans preserve and improve their forests, our countrymen might take a valuable lesson. At Hohenheim this forms one of , the most important departments of study. The pupils .' are instructed in the best methods of preserving, , propagating and improving their forest trees, while at ', the same time a proper estimation of the pecuniary ,' and moral value of these noble productions of nature is ( instilled into their minds, which must eventually be-. come the common sentiment. . Our people must give ' attention to this subject, sooner or later; and every days