Hammond Times, Volume 16, Number 96, Hammond, Lake County, 11 October 1922 — Page 10

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The Key West Viaduct and the Salt Lake Cut-Off Boring Holes Through Mountain Ranges Extraordinary Difficulties Overcome By Engineering Skill. By ARTHUR. BUDD

-ri MORE or less scientific authority In Kngland utters a cry of p J alarm to the effect that the J Q railroad vtadnct connecting the i-'kri:u mainland with Key West bo narrows the water passage between Florida and Cuba as to divert the course of the Gulf Stream, thereby chancing' unfavorably the climate of Northern Europe. Nothing, of course, could be mors .absurd. The viaduct in question has not diverted anything except freight xraffic, which is now handled most advantageously by a great terminal at Key West, whence cars are forwarded jo Havana on board of ferry-boats. Ihus avoiding the breaking of bulk In Ahe merchandise they contain. The viaduct represents one of the world's greatest engineering achievements. It owes its creation to the brain of H. M. Flagler, who in the middle eighties bought a decrepit little railroad which ran from Jacksonville to St. Augustine, rebuilt it, and later or. extended t as far south as Miami. In 1904 he decided to continue it on tc Key West a project deemed at the lime most extraordinary and probably impracticable, inasmuch as many miles of the proposed road would have to pass through and over the sen. v A elance at a map will show that Yhe tip end of Florida is continued in a southwesterly direction by a long strir:? of "keys' or small islands extending all the way to Key West. It was planned that the road should follow this string of keys, Jumping from one to another, bo to speak, by means of bridges.

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Jane Novak -'The Hands of Nara"-"In the Name of the Law''TheNewTeacher-TheChicken Parade" Snub Pollard Helen Lynch.

AXE NOVAK has long been j known as the "sweet, old-fash-P loned girl" of the screen. She can qualify as the heroine of a ories of modern stories of "Work and Win" or "Bound to Rise." From fifteen to fifteen hundred dollars a week in ten years. From an amateur player at fifteen to a famous motion picture star at twenty-five ears of ase. Such is the storv of J 5a ne Novak. I Born in St. Louis of Bohemian ;-p;ireniase, ana eaucatea ai me joire 'Dame convent. Miss Novak began her career at the tender age of fifteen In an uncle's small suburban stock company. In those days, a stock actress would probably have fainted if anyone had tcld her that there was as much money In the world as Jane Novak now draws In her weekly paycheck. She began at the very bottom of the ladder, and by dint of sincere application and study, "struggled upward," as the late Horatio would put

. T ' Jane Novak deserves success beJ .1" :ause she took her work seriously and

c-nsationally. She had the right Idea '.that only by portraying real American 'girlhood and womanhood on the

Piers Set On Coral Rock One great water gap, on the further side of Long Key, was two miles in breadth. Beyond, at Knight's Key. was a gap of seven miles. Further on, at Bahia Honda (Deep Bay), was a mile of sea to be crossed. Fortunately the water In these open spaces is not more than thirty feet deep, so that concrete piers could be securely set upon the coral rock of the sea-floor. To complete the road many bridges were required, but the three principal ones were those crossing the abovementioned wide gaps. The method of construction adopted varied with local conditions, the tracks being In some places supported by piers supplemented by steel girder work, and In others by continuous arches of concrete. The part of the road that crosses the two miles of water at Long Key runs over one hundred and eighty semicircular arches, each of fifty feet span. The distance covered along the string of keys is 114 miles. Work was begun in 1907, and from the first was attended with enormous difficulties. Not least of the latter was danger from the hurricanes which sweep that region with devastating effect. Operations had to be carried on from vessels, and in one big storm the lives of seventy workmen were lost. All materials and supplies were fetched from the mainland by sternwheel Mississippi steamboats, which had the advantage of light draft. It was a tremendous undertaking. But today the Key West viaduct affords a traffic route over which pass immense quantities of freight

Mr x S -Xf.'x screen, could one hope to keep fame and fortune after once attaining the coveted goal. To the outside world of theatregoers Jane Novak soon became known as the "sweet, old-fashioned girl." Nature has equipped her with the qualification of exquisite beauty, and the long years of artistic toil and study have brought the necessary ability. "The Hands Of Xara" Nara is the beautiful daughter of wealthy Russian parents who flees the country to New York, where she makes her home in a dingy tenement. Meeting the wealthy Mrs. Yates, she is Invited to a reception, and becomes acquainted with Dr. Emlen Claveloux. a famous physician who is completely absorbed in science, but known as a foe of mediums of all kinds. Nara becomes a medium, and her first case is a dying child for whom Dr. Claveloux had told the parents there was no hope. The girl responds to the power of her hands. Subsequently she is called to treat Dr. Claveloux's mother, and consents when promised her visits will be kept from the doctor. The power of Nara's hands have a remarkable effect on Mrs. Claveloux. but when the doctor returns and dis-

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bound for Cuba and the Panama Canal; and. In addition to other passenger trains, the "Oversea Limited" travels daily between New York and Key West the year around. Across The Great Salt Lake Almost equally remarkable is the so-called "cut-off" railroad, on the Southern Pacific line, which crosses the Great Salt Lake. It runs twentyseven and'a half miles over the water, straight as the crow files. Twentythree" miles of this distance are covered by a trestle bridge, the remaining four and a half miles being an earth embankment. But eleven miles of the trestle are filled in with earth. To build the trestle required 3S.256 trees, the trunks of which if laid end to end would extend from Chicago to Buffalo. It might be said that a great forest was transplanted into the lake. The cut-off was built to enable the railroad -to avoid climbing and a long detour. For originally it ran around .'the north end of the lake and over Promontory Mountain. Lofty Trestle And Long Tunnel Nowadays the railroads will spend X ryypy. covers her he insists that her power is fraudulent- and determines that, even at the risk of his mother's life, Nara must go. He succeeds in shattering the girl's belief In her power, and she leaves the Claveloux home. Nara returns to the tenements during the epidemic of paralysis. She is recognized by the hysterical people, and they hail her as "The Angel," imploring her aid. She is powerless. The Ignorant crowd grows violent. Missiles are thrown at her, and the girl falls in a faint, exhausted. Miller has telephoned Emlen. who arrives in time to rescue Nara from the mob. He murmurs to her his gratitude for proving to him that science is not all. and whiskers that he loves her. "Tbe New Teacher" Shirley Mason, .the charming little Fox star. Is here seen in "The New Teacher."- an unusually Interesting

almost any amount of money to shorten their lines. Thus the Canadian Pacific has recently built, 759 miles west of Winnipeg, the highest trestle bridge in the world. It is 5327 feet long, and 314 feet above the river bed which it crosses. The bridge, called the Lethbridge Viaduct, is carried on 33 skeleton towers of steel, which rest upon a substructure of concrete piles. It has done away with 18 minor bridges, which had a total length of nearly three miles, and has greatly increased the capacity of the road for traffic. A newly-finished double-track tunnel, traversed by the same railroad in British Columbia, pierces the lofty Selkirk range, and is the longest tunnel In America, the distance from portal to portal being 26.400 feet, or exactly five miles. It cost $12,000,000? and the object of its construction was to lower the grade and get rid of snow trouble. It brings down the highest elevation of the line from 4330 feet to 3791 feet, and dispenses with four miles of snow sheds which formerly were necessary, incidentally reducing the length of the line by four

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story. The film play was adapted from the story by Dorothy Yost. "The Little Alien." Miss Yost also wrote the screen version. In her latest offering the dainty star portrays a society girl who tires of social life. She decides that she should do something worth while and when the family fortune is depleted, as she Is advised by her mother, she becomes a school teacher. She Is assigned to a school in the slums of New York City. In her class are a number of unruly boys who succumb to her charms and become model lads. Her sweetheart, portrayed by Alan Forrest. learns of her whereabouts and Is appointed to the police force and assigned to the Cherry Street district 60 that he can keep a watchful and protecting eye on his fiancee. An East Side gangster attempts to make love to the little schoolmistress, who repulses his advances.

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and a half miles and eliminating several loops. Snow plows and pusher engines are no longer needed. The maximum depth of rock above this remarkable tunnel is 5690 feet, or considerably over a mile. For about 1100 feet at each end the material that had to be penetrated was clay and boulders; the balance was solid rock. The height of the tunnel is twenty-four feet, and its width twenty-nine feet. The piercing of mountain ranges by tunnels surely represents one of the most remarkable of man's achievements. When the start was made to bore the Hoosac Tunnel, in northwest Massachusetts, in 1851. the project was looked upon with awe and its success regarded with incredulity. Recently it has been electrified, the trains passing through it being drawn by electric locomotives driven by water-power derived from the Deerfleld Rivers. To Insure the requisite flow of water during the dry season of the year a gigantic reservoir holding 2.500.000.000 cubic feet has been built at Somerset, twenty-seven .miles above the power station. Dfgsing A Tunnel Without Machinery The Hoosac Tunnel, 25.031 feet in length, is the longest railroad tunnel in the United States. It pierces a high range of hills between the Hoosac and Deerfield Rivers. Twentytil on ,5 VYI yX&K W Y n "In The Name Of The Law" Circumstantial evidence points toward Johnny as a bank robber, and Patrick O'Hara endures the torture of seeing his own son on trial as a felon. His only comfort is in the knowledge that Harry, the oldest son. had been absolved of guilt, and has returned from college in time to defend his brother as counsel. On the last day of the trial. Mary is called to the witness stand and tells the story of her visit to the treasurer's home. Overhearing this. Treasurer Lucas becomes agitated, and, before anyone is aware of what he is doing he sends a bullet through his brain. Then, with his dying breath, he confesses that It was he who had stolen the money from the bank " to" cover up certain extravagances, and had shot Officer Murray on the night that Johnny had been arrested as the burglar.

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four years were required to complete it, the first steam train passing through it February 9, 1875. In those days the tunnel-digging machinery now used was not available, and the labor of blasting out and removing 1,900,000 tons of rock was enormous. At the middle of the Hoosac Tunnel is a vertical shaft which extends 1028 feet up to the top of the range of hills, affording ventilation. A huge suction fan at the top draws fresh air in at the portals and exhausts the dead air. This, of course, was absolutely necessary under former conditions, when smoky steam locomotives went through. Only a few weeks ago was announced the completion of the second of the twin Simplon Tunnels through the Alps. This great engineering enterprise was far enough advanced in 1906 to enable one tunnel to be opened for business. It was twelve and a half miles long the longest tunnel through the Alps and the bore was made double partly for the sake of facilitating construction. It runs beneath the famous Simplon Pass, close to which Is the Hospice of Saint Bernard. Many extraordinary difficulties were encountered. The weight of a mile and a half of mountain, towering above, time and again forced up the floor of the tunnel. Work was stopped for a while by a spring of hot "Y A f y i .-?. . v.v. -.v.'... joc-". : .-.-.s .ytwivv'-'!

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The jury returns a verdict of "not guilty," and peace and happiness once more reign in the O'Hara household. Helen Lynch A beautiful back in Billings, Montana, started Helen Lynch on her movie career. Declared by the Judges to have the most beautiful back in the State of Montana, Miss Lynch, accompanied by her mother and sister, set out for Los Angeles to become a movie actress. Marshall Neilan gave her the opportunity she sought, and now she is well on the way to stardom. In fact, many predict that she will be one of the leading stars of the screen within another year. "Snub" Pollard His latest show. "365 Days." Is described as a fantastic story in which the most is made of "Snub" Pollard's characteristic comic vein He is the chief of half a hundred heirs of an eccentric rich uncle who Insists that the whole bunch, married and single, make their separate homes on a small

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water, heated from some volcanic source, which was struck. Water power is used to drive fans for ventilation, and also to open and close sliding steel doors at the ends. When a train has entered, the door Is shut behind It, and air Is forced into the tunnel by the fans. The St. Gotthard Tunnel was begun In 1872. and In 1881 the first locomotive ran through it. To keep up with the diggers, 900 tons of excavated material had to be removed daily, and 350 tons of masonry material Introduced. The bore is ventilated by fans operated by water power. Alp-Climbing Railroads Tourists find, in the Alps a good many very remarkable achievements in railroading. One of the most picturesque is the famous Landwasser Viaduct, in Switzerland, which crosses a deep gap in the mountains to enter a tunnel whose portal is in the wall of a lofty vertical cliff. Another that is very Interesting is a real scenic railway In the Bernese Oberland which, for sight-seeing purposes, climbs the pyramidal Niessen Peak 7763 feet high, making the ascent at a slant which in places reaches 66 degrees. A trip over that wonderful route presents to view overwhelminj splendors of scenery and provides ununforgetable thrills. f J a 7 c-"- v plot of ground for a period of one year The heir who sets the best example of domesticity and good nature in these trying circumstances will come Into the bulk of the old man's wealth. Space on the lot is too limited, and the' other heirs prove so greedy, that the hero and his little family find only anchorage for a captive balloon which supports their House and "grounds." In this situation. "Snub" Pollard's comic trlbula tlons all through those "366 Days' are easier imagined than described. Clouds Prevent Finish Of Comedy A failing sun beat James Aubre and Director John Smith out of week-end finish in "The Chicken Pa rade." Jimmy Aubrey, his leading lady, Helen Kesler, and big Frank Alexander, lay half the afternoon in the midst of a badly wrecked flivver waiting for Father Sol to shed hibenign light. That was on Saturday It was Monday noon before the shot could be taken, much to the discomfort of the players.

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