Hammond Times, Volume 15, Number 314, Hammond, Lake County, 25 May 1922 — Page 12

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Page Twelve;

THE TIMES

Thursday, May 25, 1922.

GLOOMY

PICTURE

IN IRELAND

I.N.S. Writer Visits 200 Mile "No Man's Land" on Border

BELFAST, May 25. Picture a ron, about lba.lt a mils wide A. "no man'i land" extending- for approxflmatalr 200 miles, -with, opposing- armed groups facing? one anoftber at e-v-ery vantage point, and one gts soma notion oj the 'border separating- Ulster Province from the IrUsii Free State. Efcrndtyag1 entrenchments, snipers.

FOLLIES CHORUS GIRL DOING HER TRAINING STUNT

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Margie Whittington. 'Beauty, charm and acting ability are not the only requisites of a Follies girl. They also must be capable acrobats to do their numbers well and for this reason Flo Ziegfeld personally directs the girls in gymnastic stunts. Margie Whittington is one of the acrobatic stars of the Follies

machine guns, barbed wire entanglementsall are present to make the scene as reminiscent aa possible of France between 1914 and 1318, only the bomb throwers are Sbsent so far. The forces are not yet near eoougibj to make their services of value. Civil war looms darkly on the horizon and both sl-d'es are prepared for it. The caro ontalntagthe International News Service correspondent dashed from the bo.rna.cis at Oaledon, at 35 miles an hour. It ia unwise to dally In these parts for there are snipers everywhere. A few minutes before the automobile carrying the correspondent started out en armored car carrying ten men -wtith machine grans and rifles had sped over the same road on its regular rounda The armored oar la the safest -means of conveyance in these parts and wlhen a traveler wants to be absolutely safe that is the way he Journeys. The motor car went on to the next outpost. It was well placed, fairly sheltered by trees and barbed, wire, the barricades extending- for several hundred yards. Primroses and violets were bloomingall around and It looked like a peaceful, tranquil spot. Six hundred yards away was a very pretty Irish, country house. One could see that -the garden must have had about 100 yesxs of tending. But the owners were away from home. Some your gentlemen belonging to the Irish, Republican army, uad""dnvited them (at the point of rifles) to leave. The in.vtita.tion was accepted, so the young Republicans took possession, lugging in several machine guns which they mounted on the roof. After the correspondent and his companions had been at the outpost for some hours the Republicans took it into theilr heads that things were altogether too resposeful," so they opened up with a machine gun. Occasionally a rifle shot struck the hut. After a three-minute spurt of firing, the Republican quit but later

renewed It. farmer approached the outpost crawling on hands and knees. "You are taking your life la you hands," warned the commandment. "I know," replied the farmer, "but what about my cattle and horses? They must be looked after." The farmer ha been ordered out of his 2ome by Republican but be was allowed to attend to h4s stock. This gives a fair picture of conditions. Day after day such raids,

forays and fusillades continue. All along the rirti Clogher Valley, one of the finest pieces of agricultural land in the world, everything- is held up because of the Guerilla warfare. Sometimes it is merely casual firing; somettenes the Republicans, heavily armed and in large groups, making a flying raid over the frontier of one of the border counties. The police (who are really soldiers) do not attack the Republicans unless attacked first. Naturaly the nerves of residents of the frontier ax strung to concert pitch. They only ask to be let alone; but they never know when a stray bullet will pass through a window, killing someone. Kidnappings are common also. Large numbers of frontier residents, left penniless, departed for America. The nerves of the police also are becoming unstrung. They dare not venture out, even into the village streeits, unless armed and literally with fingers on trigger. Even when the police start out on a raid their

intentions become mysteriously 1 ktwwn and they expect an ambu-

MEMORIAL TO "THE GREAT EMANCIPATOR" TO BE DEDICATED ON DECORATION DAY

itii wltoi iitin ir i Ar asn 1 ' Mi ,T J&iM'Slil

tlon. 'xhe record so obtained this year will, under the law, constitute a permanent register of

voters in each county. Additions to the register and changes in It are to be effected through the county clerk who will keep

the register. Three hundred freeholders, Mry Healey said, may petition county commissioners to hold a new registra

tion, in which event it would be conducted at the time prescribed. Petitions must be on file before June 1st of the year.

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Above, at right, view of the Lincoln memorial, as it appears from side

of sunken lake at main approach. At left, Washington monument as seen from the central columns of the Lincoln edifice. Below, the Daniel Chester French statue of Lincoln. The human figure before it indicates the immensity of the statue.

r Two impressive memorials, tributes to The Father of His Conntry and "The Great Emancipator," now face each other in the most beautiful section of Washington, D. C The new Lincoln memorial, to be dedicated May 30, Memorial day, faces the Washington monument. The most impressive feature of the Lincoln memorial is the giant statue, cf the Great Emancipator. The work weighs 175 tons.

scade. What angers the police more tihan anythln else is that the arms and ammunition being used against them are of British manufacture. Some of them were handed over to the Free State when the Erltlsh began to evacuate Southern Ireland; others were seised at Cork. There are on the average fifty policemen to every square mile of boundary territory. The police officials fully expect invasion of Ulster by the Republicans. Some believe that the Invaders will cross at the Armagh SaMent, in the nelghborhool of Auignacloy, but ithe majority of officers In the Ulster volunteers expect an attack near Londonderry.

INTERNATIONAL NEWS SEBVICEJ TEMPLE, Tex., May 25. J. R. McFarland, wealthy farmer and his wife were .burned to death when their home near Little River was destroyed by fire. Neighbors car

ried Mrs. McFarland from the biasing house but she died soon afterward. The . charred body of McFarland was found In the ruins after the fire.

Last Registration to be September 9 to Oct. 9

The last general registration of voters in Indiana will take place between September 9 and October 9 in accordance with the new registration law, George 1 H. Healey, clerk of the state 'board of election commissloners, said' today. The law prescribes, Mr. Healey said, that the registration should begin on the fifty-ninth day before the general election and end on the twenty-ninth day before the elec-

"Red Letter Day" Specials in Needed Hardware, Paints; Home "Needs These values are for Friday and Saturday. See what you save on needed things for home. ' 7 f

GARDEN HOSE

Garden Hose 5-pIy, coupl

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inch size, priced at. . . .

- o " T $698

BRASS SPRAY NOZZLES Throws fine or coarse Qf spray

Garden Hose Wire wound, a heavy high grade hose for garage or cement work, complete with Y inch coupling, 50 foot lengths. $6.98 at . ... ...

BICYCLE TIRES Goodrich Studded Thread, with heavy side walls, size 28x1 J, fully $2.25

Ball Bearing Roller Skates

Per Pair Jl

Ball Bearing Roller Skates forf boys and girls, extra special, per ( ) pair, $1.19. V

-ilk N.

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Screens, Screen Doors, eta

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Oar Guaranteed

Quality LION STORE BRAND READY MIXED HOUSE PAINT In all colors including inside and outside white, per gal. $2.25 BLACK SCREEN ENAMEL For wire

or fgrames. qt.

Screen Door Spring, black 4 enameled finish, at.... . .

5c

can

49c

ABSORNE WALL PAPER CLEANER . For cleaning paper window shades and fresco J Q work, per can. ALABASTINE The sanitary wall coating. 5 lb. package. ggc fit M -

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Screen Wire Painted black, standard mesh, in all widths from 18 to 48 inches inclusive in 100 OX. foot rolls, per sq. foot....... Screen Dooi Painted black, frame Vi inch thick, covered JO 1 Q

with best grade wire... " GASOLINE STOVES With 2 powerful burner, black fcf QiR enameled finish 2-BURNER ASBESTOS LINED OVEN Can be used on oil, 0 Qft gas or gasoline stoVe.

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Extra Special i'Ked Letter!i Sale

Six Foot Step Ladders, made of good quality pine lumber, with pail jl (Ci&

shelf which locks ladder; $3.00 value at..-,,.

J irvr

10 S. & H. STAMPS FREE WITH EACH BOOK TOMORROW

KAUFAANN S WOLF - HAMr.ortD.lND

DOUBLE STAMPS ALSO TOMORROW I

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By OSCAR P. AUSTIN. Statistician,. The National Qty Bank of New York During a Bolshevist labor dispute in Moscow recently some printars, turning out paper money for the Government, struck for higher wages. The strike was finally settled by an agreement that each printer should be entitled to the amount of money he could turn out in one hour each day, printing the notes for himself not higher in denomination than 500 rubles. When, in comparison, we consider how Uncle Sam manufactures our money down in Washington and at the several mints and how carefully every penny is guarded against loss this loose method of money making in Russia at present seems almost unbelievable to a good many Americans. A Private Mint Yet it is a fact that at the present day a certain form of money once widely current in America but now quite unknown to most people is manufactured in this country in just as free and easy a manner as anything the Bolshevists might attempt. Moreover, it is no more counterfeit than the Russian coinage, although our Government has nothing to do with its production and docs not in any way recognize it as specie. Quite recently there was placed on exhibition in the Bergen County, New Jersey, Historical Society a private money making machine which had been in use for nearly one hundred years, no less than four generations of one family employing it for extensive money making purposes. With this announcement the question naturally arises: What are the operatives of Uncle Sam's Secret Service doing

PRIVATE MONEY MAKING IN AMERICA

in no way resembles United States coinage. Nevertheless in certain sections of the West it was once quite extensively used for sale and barter, and is still limitedly employed. In brief this "money" is what has always been known to the Indians as wampum and for a long time, after the arrival of the white man, it was very much more valuable to the original inhabitants of America than the white man's coinage. In fact the Indian's loathness to dispense with his wampum is the reason for the existence right down to our time of a -demand for this primitive currency. Whites Manufacture Indian Money The Indians, of course, were the first wampum makers but when it became a medium of exchange for the early colonists and traders the white men took up its manufacture and have continued to make it long years after the Indians themselves have stopped doing so. There are several reasons for this but the principal one is that by the encroachment of the settlers upon their territory, the Indians have been gradually driven away from the sea to the interior plains where the proper shells for the manufacture of wampum are not obtainable. The white man living near the coast can, however, still secure all the sea shells required. Thus ' the Indians have come to depend entirely upon them for their wampum. A Family Affair Most of this wampum making came finally to be carried on by a few old families of Southern New jersey, foremost amongst whom for many years were the Campbells. From the early part of the

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A curious wampum making machine in use for 100 years.

to allow a private money making enterprise to go on without molestation? The answer is simple jig jnoney. made on this jnachine

18th century until quite recently when the last member of this fam

ily aiea, tnese peopie turnea out I vast quantities of wampum for Ia-

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Above. William Penn's Treaty with the Indians. From a rare old print.., Below, The elaborate belt of wampum given Penn by the Indians to seal the treaty.

dian usage. The second and third generations of wampum making Campbells supplied much wampum to John Jacob Astor, who used it in buying furs from the Indians. It was probably Mr. A&tor who opened up the way for the Campbells' extensive wampum trade on the plains and in the far west, which has lasted to the present, although its manufacture fs now very rapidly dying, as the Indians have become more and more civilized and accustomed to the intrinsic value of the white mart's money. Yet some wampum is still made on the New Jersey Coast. A Wampum Workshop The interior of a wampum workshop is as different as it is possible to be from a regulation mint. In fact in its primative nature it more nearly resembles a limekiln. The floors are hidden " from sight by great heaps of shells, and the rude benches and tools are covered entirely with white-flying dust as the shells are being ground and drilled, and suggests the application of innumerable coats of whitewash, which ia fact it really is.

The wampum makers purchase a cartload of conch and clam shells for 25 cents, delivered at their doors, and when a shell of sufficient, thickness is selected it is broken with hammer and chisel into cubes of about two inches in length and one-third of an inch square. The piece of shell is then securely wedged into a vise made of two pieces of wood, connected with a hinge in the center. The jaws of the vise are opened and the shells inserted. Then the rise is closed tightly and held by pressure against the grindstone. In this manner, in a short time, the edges of the shell are rounded, and then the drill is brought into use. The workman sits at a threelegged table, the top of which is fashioned from the half of a log, the under side still retaining the original bark covering, and affixing one end of the drill to play freely in a button on his jacket, he next takes up a whalebone bow, similar to the kind used by jewelers, and., giving the cord tun about the spool on the drill, he works the bow rapidly back and

forth, from right to left, till the sharp end of the drill penetrates through the cube of shell from end to end lengthwise. When a sufficient number of cubes are completed they are then smoothed and polished with emery paper and strung on wires, precisely the same as children string beads, and they are then ready for the market. The wampum that is made from the streaked, bluish parts of hard-clam shells is the most beautiful, and therefore more valuable, and is harder and tougher to work. The price paid for the froducts of this now almost obsoete industry is 14 cents a running inch on the string, and the average amount of money made by these shell money makers js about $6 a day during the season. Origin of Wampum In the Hall of the Indians of the Woodlands, in The American Museum of Natural History, New York, may be seen a case containing strings and belts of curiouslooking white and purple beads. This is wampum, and was used as currency iy the Indians, early colonists and traders, and the Indians

also employed it in their ceremo nies and as a badge of authority. Among other traditions explaining how wtmpura first came to be used, the Iroquois have one to the effect that once Hiawatha, on a journey, came to a little lake, and was wondering how to cross it when a flock of ducks appeared and settled on the water. When they flew away, the water had disappeared, and Hiawatha, looking on the dry bed of the lake, saw that it was covered with shells. Of these he made the first wampum. Despite this legend and similar ones, however, it is believed that the earliest wampum was made of small pieces of wood of equal size, stained black or white. Porcupine quills are also said to have been used. later, wampum was made from shells, sometimes of the fresh-water varieties, but generally of sea-shells. The best wampum was made from the hearts of the common hard clam of Long Island. While shell beads were early manufactured by the Indians along the Atlantic shore, theyfwere rare West of the Hudson River before the seventeenth century. With the arrival of the colonists, the Indians were supplied with tools which made it possible for them to work a greater variety of shells and to produce more finished work. Paying Fare With Wampum For ages wampum was used by the Indians almost solely as money. The making of wampum

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the white men br "sritK toots fcap-i plied by them.- j For a long time after their ar rival wampum was in use as com mon currency among the Dutch colonists. Its value was at one time four foe a penny, and at another time six for a penny. Ia Massa

chusetts, in 1648, wampum, if of good quality, was legal tender to the amount of forty shillings. The white beads were, rated at eight for

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Tee Yee Neen Ho Ga Row Emperor of the Six Nations holding the wampum belt which he presented as an evidence of good faith to his white brothers. (From a scarce engraving.) belts by them seems to date back only as far as the advent of the white men. All the belts which have been found are of beads which were undoubtedly made either by

Different designs of wampum belts

a penny, the black beads a four;

for a penny. The use of wampum as money among the colonists of New York was continued until 1700 at least, as at that time, according to an old record, "the ferriage for each single person from New York to Brooklyn was eight stivers in wampum, or a silver two pence.'' Wampum As Ornaments Messengers from one tribe of Indians to another used strings and belts of wampum as credentials. In time the articles made of wampum came to have great symbolical importance dependent on the colors and arrangement of the beads. They were also used as memory aids to the keepers of the oral traditions of the Indians. While, as a medium of exchange,' the dark beads were rated higher than the light and white beads, for symbolical purposes, these latter beads, however, were auspicious while the dark ones were inauspicious, having to do, in the messages or records, with death, war, etc. Wampum was also worn for ornament by the Indians, both men and women. It was worked into collars, necklaces, ear pendants, bracelets, armlets, girdles, anklets and headdress decoration. "Wampum pipes," long tubular shell beads of about the length of the common pipe-stem, and perforated disc-shaped shells, as well as shells ground into variant shapes including the forms of animals, were also in common use at one time by the Indians.