Hammond Times, Volume 15, Number 15, Hammond, Lake County, 8 July 1921 — Page 12

i Page THE TIMES. Friday, July 8, 1921.

I TREE AS A LIVING THING

ITS VITAL RELATION TO HUMAN LIFE

By HON. ARTIN" L. DAVEY Mouse of Representatives. JE. DA VII Y. Mr. speaker, it i3 mj ilc -ire d ar iiiif the time at my disposal tj speak o: the tree as a living- thing, to siu- something cf Its vital relation to human life. To the man who is JamUiar with tres lifo it might .:cna almost superfluous to emphasize tha fact that a tree lives, ami yet the average roan, unfortunately, looks upon the trees as tin inanimate ami more or less useful accident on the Ihce of the earth. And yet the treo lives It breathes. It has a real circulation. The treo digests its food and assimilates it. It has jexuai processes that are Just as real and beautiful as la any other form of life. It has the power to adapt itself to its environment. To be sure, It l&clis intelligence and a r.ervous system and the power of locomotion. But in a.:; the other elemental processes the treo functions just as truly as man himsrif, Tho tree breathes through the leaves chiefly, and to a small extent through t:. tiny Icntlccls in the yo.ung- bark. The air !s taken into the leaf in just

human lungs. It enters through the many microscopic openings on the underside of the leaf. There on the inside of the leaf the elements of the air are separated. The carbon is absorbed and is used in tho building- process. The. oxygen is given oft again to enrich the air for the benefit of ail animal life. The circulation in the tree is Juat as real as in the human body. It. docs not move as fast nor move round and round in response to heart action. Yet it des move and goes from the tiniest root hairs way down underground up to the leaves and back again all the way to the roots agan. On the upward flow tho circulation proceeds through the sapwood. traveling from ceil to cell, from the small roots to the large ones, into the trunk, and from there to the large branches, and then through the smaller ones to the leaves. From the leaf, where it undergoes the necessary chemical changes to transform it into tree food, it trals downward through the cells of the inner bark all the way to smallest roots, building the cambium layer as it govs.

The digestive processes

the tree

ai a sen.- .; as it is taKen into the take place in the leaf. There the crude

food material, brought up from the roots in the sap, is spread out among the tiny cells of the marvelous leaf structure, and. under the influence of the sunlight, is combined witlt the carbon extracted from the air and is transformed into tree fobd digested, as we call it in animal life. This digested tree food is ass imila'.ed into the ent.rc growin.; parts of the tree in the downward flew through the cells of the inner bark, from which the cambium layer is built and all growth take place. The sexual processes of the tree are fundamentally the same as elsewhere in living things. The male and female exist as positive factors. Sometimes the male and female exist in the same (lower. Many times they exist In different flowers in the fame tree. In a few cases all the flowers of a tree are entirely male or entirely female. The pollen is created In the male and is carried by insects or birds and in a vast number of cases by the wind to the female portion of the flower or to rhe femalo flower. There it fertilizes and produces the eed which nature dslgned to produce its kind. The tre adapts itself to its environment to an amazing degree. Where trees are thick they grow tall to reach the sunlight. Where two or more trees grow close together, it grows on one side to accommodate Its fellows. When it grows in rocks, it sends its roots into almost impossible places' In search of food and anchorage. It often sends its roots hundreds of feet in search of water and the roots travel bark and forth among the many ob-

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MEN'S

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Specially Featured at

You can always feel "dressed" and comfortable in a suit of blue serge or flannel. We now have on display a splendid selection of serges, blue flannels and unfinished worsteds, in smart single and double breasted models. They are well tailored and guaranteed all-wool. Low priced at $35.

Cool Outing Suits at $18 Very special values. : Young men's and conservative models. .Regulars and stouts, ,

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Boys' First Long Trouser Suits 320 $30 335 There is a large assortment of smart blue serges, blue flannels and unfinished worsteds ; single and double breasted models to select from.

MothersIrBoys! See These Wonderful Values in NORFOLK SUITS (Two Pair Trousers) Fancy Suitings and Blue Serge, 6 to 18. $9.75 and $12.50

BOYS' WASH KNICKERS Sizes 6 to 18 years at $1.00

LIGHTWEIGHT CAPS Made of cool cloth, $1.00

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Standard Qualities

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Fancy stripes, plaids, nainsooks, and plain fabrics. All sizes. In three big lots.

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The kind of shirts men like, in materials that will wear and colors most' favorable. Printed Madas Fine Woven Madras Fine Grade Percale Fibre Striped Madras Woven Striped Madras White Striped Madras

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Headauariers for Men's and Boys' NEW BATHING SUITS

MEN'S BATHING SUITS $1.00 to $6.50

BOYS' BATHING SUITS 95c to $3.98

stacles toward their destination. AH life has two primal purposes' of) existence one is seif-prtservation and J

the other is reproduction. The tree subscribes to both and is governed by both. It undergoes a constant battle for life from tho time of its advent until the end. It must battle against the tremendous winds, against drought, against insect enemies, and deadly diseases! and now it must battle against man himself, who is the most destructive, the most thoughtless and inconsiderate enemy that the tree haa encountered. Indeed, it has a lifelong struggle for self-preservation. Its scheme of reproduction is the same elemental plant of sex attraction, that makes -possible the continuity of ail life. The leaf is probably the most wonderful, and is certainly th- jn-ist vital

and indispensable factor in the world j of living things. Without the leaf all i life must perish. It is the one and only connecting link between the organic and inorganic worlds. It is the only j thing capable of transforming the var- j ious mineral e'.enit-nts into ava.iablefood material for both plant and am- ; mai. The only minerals that man can i take into his system and u are wa-

ter and salt, but he can use only a limited quantity of these. Every other element of food must come to him either directly or indirectly throujb. the leaf. Every grain, every fruit, every vegetable food product, every foot of lumber and every other vegetable product that is used for the pleasure and profit of man is made in the leaf. And thus we see that the great God who created the world and the life that inhabits it, made of the lowly leaf tho greatest and most wonderful instrumentality of that life. Perhaps the most Insidious and persistent enemy of the treo is the group of diseases called fungi, which attack any exposed portion of woody tissues and start to grow by consuming- the wood cells. A fungus disease exists in a decaying tree it produces the decay. At the proper time in the growing season the fungus produces a fruiting body or 'bodies. These produce their fruit in due time, which are called spores. These spores, light in weight and microscopic in size, are given off in myriads and are carried by the winds and sometimes otherwise to the adjacent vegetation. Most of them fall harmless, but some of them find lodgment In a wound -where the protecting bark has been removed. There in the exposed woody tissues the microscopic fungus tpore starts to grow, sending out little threadlike tentacles from cell to cell and breaking them down. The fungus is a parasite a low. form of vegetable life. It lives of destroying some other form of life. That which attacks' the living tree destroys

the interior ceils and persists until the tree Is consumed. What wc call decay is only the result of an active disease which consumes the woody interior that constitutes the structural strength of the tree. The interior of a. tree Is often referred to as the heart or heartwood. This conveys an entirely wrong impression. Tho vital parts of a tree are the leaves and roots, the bark and cambium, and outer layers of sapwood. It is the outside layers of sapwood which are most active, and each succeeding layer Inward towards the center becomes less and less active until those near the center become practically dormant. This gives the reasons for the development of tree surgeons and the science of tree surgery. The disease creates

decay against which the tree, unaided! is helpless. It is the function of the tre surgeon to do for the tree what the dent. st does for the teeth and the t'urgeon does for the human body. In tho practice of his art he must remove the decay, disinfect to prevent further decay, thoroughly waterproof to protect the exposed wood, put in place various kinds and forms of mechanical bracing, often complicated and always ingenious, prepare "the cavity so that the filling will remain permanently In place, and then rill with skill and precision so that the filling will become a permanent part of the tree. Water and

all foreign substance mu;t be excluded.'

Th.i filling must be cleverly built up in sections, somewhat like the backbone In the human body, in order to pe r tii 1 1. a re.-.onablu movement between the sections in the swaying and twisting of the tree in l.easy winds. Nature rewards the. skill of human hands i.-y tho gradual healing of the bark over the liH.ng. I can not pai's this int'- rei tmg neriee of Ti-e pr." servatlon without paying o. little tribute to John luvey, the nature .over and creative fj.tiiius who gave to the world an inv&luaoia science, which ho called tree surgery. It represents his love. It i3 the product of his iife of service. It was born of h.s faith and determina

tion. It is the re null of his consecra-! tlon to a great purpose; his contribu-I tlon to thu race of which he is happy I to be a part. I iit there is one more phase of the! whole tree question that ought to be' hit a sina.-hmg blow. America must' wake up and reforest or America will j rule the day of her spendthrift de-j bauch. The eariy settlers sent back j vvo?U that they had discovered a land of inexhaustible fertility. Americans of succeeding generations havi pro- j ceeded on the thtory that all -the God-j given assets of tho Nation were inex- j haustibie. Wo have destroyed with j prodigal waste more and more of the j native woodlands tho timber supply.! We have done exceedingly little replanting. Wo are consuming the prin- ! cipal of our inheritance Just as fait ' as a reckless unconcern will permit. j Where will the future lumber supply j come from? Where will wa get the;

that come from water held in check!

and feed the lakes and streams must gradually diminish, and. I greatly fear, cease to exist in large part. This question of reforestation is of monumental importance. America can not continue to exist as a virile, forward-moving nation unless we protect what we have and ytrt to build up

that which Yi have so ruthless de stroyed. We tin not afford to be a nation of vandals much longer. America must reforest, or America must drink the bitter dregs of national d. cline and impotency.

Read The Times Want Ads

wood pulp for print paper? We are, sweeping away the God-given forests: and building great cities with breath-j less haste. T.'e say we are creating wealth. We are merely tram-forming It on the one hand and destroying it i on the other. ! Take a daylight rido across the Al- ( ieghenie-s and look at tha denuded t mountains! Contemplate the devasta- ; tlon that man, selfish and thoughtless man, has wrought! And then, when' you realize what all this prodigal dc- . struction means to the future of Am-j erica, let your youl shudder at the thought. of the future condemnation! that awaits us from generations yet unborn. We who revel in our false J wealth and unpardonable proMgacy ! must' answer to the God of nations and j the children whom we bring forth to , struggle in an impoverish.! land. j Men and women of America, we cut down the great foiests that blessed' this country. Wo uilow tho remnants j to be burned over and vegetation de-i stroyed. The rains pour down, and,

instead of being held in check by the loose and porous soil in the network

of roots, it rushes down over the hill- j

sides and carries with it the fertile soil, leaving in ita wake barren hills and deep ravines. Thus we have alternating floods and droughts. The fertile soil is gone, the product of hundreds ot"years of nature's providence. Thoiitt!e springs

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Minas

A Special Saturday Selling of

xroros

Men's and young men's smart Brogue and Saddle Strap Oxfords in brown calf. Goodyear welt, Wing-Fcot rubber heels. An oxford of unusual style and wearing qualities. Specially priced for Saturday at $6.95.

Men's White Canvas Oxfords at $6.00 A fine quality shoe to wear during the hot weather. Goodyear welt sewed soles. Specially featured at $6.00, Boys' Brown Dress Shoes New styles in meduim toe, fancy perforations. Goodyear welt, and rubber heels. Siies 1 to 57. Spe- Ei ff cial, per pair PU.UU Boys' Big Nine Shoes Best grade white canvas, leather trimmed, with ankle guards. Sizes 2l2 to 6 at $3.00 Sizes 1 1 to 2 at $2.85

OPEN UNTIL 9:00 SATURDAY

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MISSES' SIZES

The opportunity is now yours to select from hundreds of choice Tub Frocks of ginghams, voiles, Swisses and organdies, in a glorious display of color tones and patterns, in both simple and straight-line styles and full skirted and beruffled models. The best part of it all is that prices are so reasonable that the woman who has not yet purchased one for summer wear is indeed fortunate to have this low price opportunity. And even though you don't actually need one, it will be economy to pick another for future use. The displays are at their best right now and to view the assemblage tomorrow women will find style and color selections more interesting than later on. Shop tomorrow while these prices are attractively low. Three groups. Special at a Price Range to Suit Everyone

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lis bill! for Gary on July 18. pochet. . session -will he In October. J ed their pe-.k.

to get excited over it.