Jasper Weekly Courier, Volume 65, Number 4, Jasper, Dubois County, 19 May 1922 — Page 7

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Women "Farmerettes" Mako Money in Western C.matfa. Msny Are Taking Advantage of the Opportunity Offered by the Fertile Land and Fine Climatf. In runny parrs of West. Canada an to be found women owning and running farms fir themselves, ami what is more, making them pay. May Hazlett, an Knsllsh pill, who lived on n farm In th Tcuc1iwn d hills. In Saskatchewan, for the past fur years, looking after hr stok and cultivating her land. Is one (f these. The farm was originally her brother's homestead, at whbh time Miss Hazlett was a stenographer. Her brother was killed while fighting with the Canadian forces at Vimy Ridge. Neighbors advised Miss Ilaxlett t f sell the farm, but she derided that she was tired of the "eternal pounding" and became a farmerette. Mrs. Mary J. I'.Inckburr., h pioneer woman fanner of Alberta. h:i jut nddod K'ii) nrros to her fnnn near Hanlisty. Coming from Kastern Can. nd:i. Mrs. I.lncklnirn homestonded a quarter section in UHX. She had two Holstein heifers, a bull, nnd $17 In cash, She lived in n tent the tirst summer sind in a sod shack in the winter. Her first crop put her, as she tells the story, "on Kasy street." In ten years she had a herd of 00 pure-bred Holstein rattle and was operating u prosperous dairy. A fine residence has supplanted the sod hut. "I milked my cows, raised my cattle, cut hay and stacked It all by myself,' said Mrs. IJlackburn. "I started on bare prairie with no money, ami made pood. I worked hard, but the experience was wonderful." It has generally been conceded that farming is a man's job. It has Ions been considered that a woman's place on the farm was In the house, with a few attendant duties, looking after the chickens and the prarden. I.ut times nre ch anting. Demonstrative of the present feminine Initiative, there are two young Indies farming extensively and with pood profit too, in Western Canada. Some years ago a family located a 100ncre farm In the Oak I,ake district, Manitoba. Later the father died, leaving his two daughters and aged wife a mortgaged quarter section. Instead of telling the effects and moving to town to take employment, the girls decided to work the place. While the mother looked after the household duties the daughters did the farm work. They did the plowing, barrowing, seeding, haying, harvesting, stocking, feeding and other farm operations. Kxcept at threshing time, the petting out of wood, the help of man was never sought. Instead of n 100ncre place, with seven horses and ten cattle, which they started with, they have a 1.120-acre farm, twenty-live head of heavy horses and nearly a hundred head of cattle, mostly pure-breds. Their farm buildings, equipment and well-kept field would be objects of pride to the owners in any country. Their accomplishment has not only been profitable but pleasant, and they have enjoyed every home advantage. They are two entertaining and bright girls, and have all the feminine charm of womanhood. Their manlike occupation has not given them a masculine character or appearance, as some of the older generations might Imagine. Their gallant struggle for success signifies the truth in the oft-repeated maxim of Western Canada. "A little assistance and the soil, with its natural richness and (Sod's sunshine will soon pay for the land Itself." If you wish to learn more of what Western Canada can do, write for a copy of "Canada West" which will be mailed to you free by your nearest Canadian government agent. Advertisement. Barrage From Washington. 'I;d you ever ask a favor of your congressman?" "Once said Mr. (Irumpson. "He fathered sonn legislation that was displeasing to me and I asked him to do me the favor of resigning." "lie didn't oblige you, of course?" "No. but he's been franking his speeches to me ever since, and Tin sorry mm- that I made him aware of my existence." Baby's little dresses will just simply dazzle if Red Cross Ball Blue is used in the laundry. Try it and set? for yourself. At ali good grocers. Advertise ment. Two or a Kind. Artillery Kookie (about to take his lirt h Mn in horsemanship) .ergeant. i l- nse pick me out a nice gentle horse. Stable Sergeant ivja ever ride a lirso in-foro? KiM.kie No. Sergeant Ah: Here's just the animal for you! He's never been ridden before. You can start out together. U1 FOR INDIGESTION T2 6 Bell-ans Hoi water

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TT iL Heaping Screened Guano for (Prepared by the National Gosraphic I Society, Washington. D. C.) I'eru, already of considerable agricultural importance, and destined to become much more so, is fortunate in having one of the most valuable sources of natural fertilizer in the world its famous "bird islands" on which thousands of tons of guano are deposited in a sort of annual crop. These deposits, rich in precious nitrogen, have been laid down on the islands for thousands of years, and until recently there seemed a well-nigh Inexhaustible mine of the material. liut the tremendous world demand which arose near the middle of the past century brought in its train wasteful methods, and all the accumulated deposits have been stripped away. Hie annual accumulations are still available, however, and are worth many hundreds of thousands of dollars. Peru's peculiar geographical conditions make possible the preservation of her valuable guano "crop." A few showers' might wash away the valuable fertilizer, but thanks to its mountain masses, its very cold off-shore waters and its prevailing winds, the region of the Illrd islands Is rainless. (fUano, It will be understood, is primarily the deposit of fish-eating birds. Into which may be mixed and incorporated in greater or less proportion a variety of other substances, such as the eggs and bodies of birds and the deposits and the bodies of seallons. It may be found mixed with gravel and sand in very small pIortion or sometimes to an extent rendering it unprofitable to extract. Peruvian Guano Is Best. "Peruvian guano" is practically synonymous with nitrogenous guano and has long been recognized as the best nitrogenous fertilizer that is. as a fertilizer of generally high nitrogen value in which the nitrogen compounds are found in a condition most readily assimilable by our plants. Nitrogen is u primary necessity to the farmer. Whatever be the importance of adding to the soil potash and other mineral components of our food and our clothing, there never exists a doubt as to the fundamental importance of nitrogen. Consequently a peculiar Interest attaches to birds of the Peruvian islands, which have long served to aid the world's agriculture and which, given due protection, may continue Indefinitely to contribute materially to tho support of humanity. The peculiar climatic conditions previously mentioned offer merely the proper environmental conditions for the preservation of the product. The primary requisite for abundant bird life is the existence of a plentiful food supply, and this is found in the schools of small fish, called anchobetus, that swarm In the Peruvian current. There shoals of fish, acres in extent, are often pursued in the water by bonito and other large fish, while beset from the air by thousands of birds. Pillions of pounds of fish must be consumed each year by the birds, besides the incalculable quantity devoured by other fishes; but the fet;:ndity of the anchobetas is such that their numbers are still maintained. At times great acres of the sea are made red by myriad of small, brightly colored shrimp-like crustacoa; and these, too, play a part of importance as food for the fishes and bird. Islands Crowded With Guanays. Not all of the birds are of tqual importance from the commercial point of view. Indeed, throe species virtually support the guano industry at the present time the white-breast cormorant (guanay), the big gray pelican and the white-head gannet. (tuanays occur on the Peruvian coast from near the northern to the extreme southern boundary, but their preeminent home is the double group of islands opposite Pisco, in the South, the Chinchas and the P.al'.estas. The largest ru.'inny Jhn-ks are found on the Chincha islands. I'ikui the south island of the Chinchas. a small and generally triangular body of land between Jt and " acr s in area, there Is a rookery which for size and compactness can scarcely be rivaled in any part of the '.orid. The nesting ground occupies t-boti! two-thirds of the surface of the is land, embracing th1 crown ami the gentle slopes of the hill that surmount Its p.r.v bluff v.alts. Tl. - m-ts are

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l OJL o5i Transfer to Mainland. very uniformly spaced, averaging nearly three to the square yard, and not a yard of ground within the outside limits of the rookery Is unoccupied. In form and arrangement the nests appear as heavy rolled-rim basins stuck fnto the hillside. The guanay well deserves Its common name. Its gregarious habit, its choice of the level places or more gentle slopes for nesting grounds, and its custom of remaining on the islands a great part of the time all combine to cause the formation of enormous deposits of guano, from which there is little natural waste. In the region where this bird Is most abundant, about the Chinchas and Ilallestas islands, the climate conditions are most favorable to the preservation of the nitrates. It is doubtful If the guano of the Chinchas and Pallestas islands is ever wet from atmospheric moisture. A pair of guanays, with their offspring, produce nearly $1.50 worth of guano per year. How the Work Is Done. The guano workers are practically all Peruvians of the ancient stock, and many of them come down from the mountains to engage in this work. Often there are few in the camp who can speak Spanish and the foreman can communicate with the employees only by signs or through an interpreter. The extraction- of guano is a very simple process. Where the material is comparatively recent, the only implements required -are the pick and the shovel, a screen and a few sacks. The surface cake Is first broken up and thrown into small heaps. Where several contractors have a concession from the government covering the same island, there is much rivalry in getting the best guano mounded, for this is the only recognized method of establishing a claim to a particular field. The guano is subsequently pitched through slanting wire screens to remove the gravel, aud then sacked for embarkation by lanchas, which are strongly constructed lighters in the form of rowboats, adapted for use in the heavy swell liable to prevail about the islands. A very common method of conveying the guano to the lighter Is by means of the andarivel, an aerial trolley consisting of two stout wire cables suspended between a frame at the top of the island and some convenient rock somewhat removed from the shore. The boat is rowed beneath the lower part of the cable to receive the guano, lowered by pulleys and windlass. Iioth ends of the line being attached to traveling pulleys, the sacks of guano, descending by gravity, draw the empty sacks back. No power is applied to the windlass exenpt to prevent the too-rapid descent of the guano. When the lancha is loaded it is rowed out vto the vessel, where the sacks are hoisted into the hold. A mucji more extensive equipment is found on the larger islands of the north. An American company, contracting for the Peruvian extorters, has laid lines of track for conveying the guano by tram-cars, and the screening i done from trtles over a lowerlevel track. P.y far the greatest portion of the guano that has been exported consisted of the ancient deposits, called mineral" guano, which in places covered the islands to great depths. This has been simply stripped away until scarcely any of the old guano remains except M:ne of the lowest grades that sclrcely justify exportation. It is within the bounds of possibility that additional deposits, buried beneath the surface, may yet be I oca teil. Unless this be the case, the Industry is permanently reduced to the annual deposits, which scarcely exceed the demands of Peruvian agriculture in its present condition, without providing for the great future developments in land cultivation in that country that mut follow oener r later with the adoption of more elaborate systems of irrigation. Though the important birds have been greatly reduced in numbers, it is reasonable to expect a substantial imrease under v.utural condition, if Interference with the breeding be reduced to the minimum consistent with the utilir.afiop of the deposits.

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1! I .1 ft E I If M r h I r w m m m rm m j rm mm Deadly Fumes Being Tried to Destroy Noxious Birds, Animals and Insects. Uli IL I llUililOL IU UL UOLk UL Migratory Blackbirds Do Damage Amcunting to Thousands of Dollars in Imperial Valley cf California Injure Milo Crop. rrrerared by the United States Department. ot Agriculture.) Deadly gases that were developed or war purposes are now being tried out by the United States Department of Agriculture as a means for destroying noxious birds, animals, and insects. Some of them promise to be useful when applied under proper conditions, particularly thoe that are heavier than air and can be used on burrowing rodents, and possibly subterranean insects and pests in stored products. Kill Destructive Birds. The most recent proposal Is to ue gas to kill destructive birds that congregate In marshes. In the coming fall the biological survey. In co-operation with the chemical warfare service, is planning to make a trial of the method on blackbirds in the Imperial valley of California. In that region these birds are said to do at least 00,000 worth of damage to the milo crop each year. Because of their feeding habits it is impossible to destroy these birds with poisoned baits, but, as they roost on the reeds in the marshes, It is thought that they can be killed by a gas cloud at night when the wind is favorable. The blackbirds are migratory and return to the same places year after year. It Is thought that a big killing in a certain locality will probably free it of the pests for many years. A few other birds in the blackbird-infested marshes will be killed at the, same time, but the department believes that these local birds will soon reach their normal numbers again. Try Gas on Rodents. Arrangements also are being made by the biological survey with the chemical warfare service for investigating the possibility of using poison gases on such burrowing rodents as rats, prairie dogs, ground squirrels, and woodchucks. Tests on pocket gophers and ground squirrels by these two coBlackbirds Return to Same Place Year After Year. operating branches of the government in California show that chlorine may be used with good results if handled properly. The chemical warfare service used phosgene on rats in Porto Rico with promising results. Some of these war gases will be compared with carbon bisulphide for the killing of woodchucks and other rodents in their burrows. Entomologists of the department have already worked In co-operation with the War department in testing various gases on insect tests of growing plants and those that infest stored grain, but it has not yet been found advisable to recommend anything to take the place of hydrocyanic-acid gas or carbon bisulphide. The serious disadvantages of many of these new gases is that they are dangerous or very irritating to men, horses, njid mules, and require the use of masks and great care In handling. HOT FORMALDEHYDE IS BEST Potato Growers Interested in Method Because It Saves Time and Is Effective. Many Minnesota potato growers are interested in the hot formaldehyde method of treating potato seed because It saves time, is lens ioisonous than corrosive sublimate, does not corrode metals, and Is effective for both scab and rhizoctonia. The solution is made by mixing two pints of 40 per cent formaldehyde to 00 gallons of water. This is heated to a temperature between 113 degrees F. and 1H2 degrees F. The potatoes are dipped in the solution for two minutes and then dumped In a pile and covered with a canvas cover or sacks for one hour. They can then be dried or cut and planted immediately. Formaldehyde, when used without heating, will not control rhizoctonia and require; one and a half hours' soaking for best results In control of scab. FLAN FOR GREASING WAGONS One-Half cf Lifting Usually Employed Can Be Elirr.inntsd by Working cn Each Slie. A wagon can be gr a sod with one i half the lifting usually done by re-m-ning the burrs fro:- both wh !- n i ne side of tlv wau'n. th-n gre:e them, leaving the whooN hang abo: two in-ho-; cut. go to the opp..-.te s't! of the v. af-n. remove b'ti burrs and give the wagon a ihove towards t!.. h't wheels.

HESSIAN FLY HARMS WINTER WHEAT CROP

Infestation Regarded as Worst in Many Years. Where Parasite Is Present In Large Numbers Crop Should Be Plowed Under, as It Will Not Amount to Anything. A prevalence of Hessian fly Is reported in winter wheat sections and. judging from samples receive 1 from many areas, the Infestation Is the wort for several years. Favorable climatic conditions, coupled with an absence of a parasite that ordinarily destroys the larvae of the Hessian fly and too early planting of the wheat last fall, is the cause of the outbreak. Where wheat was sown early it needs to be carefully examined for traces of the fly. Signs of the infestation may be detected by examining the wheat fold. i (V ) V ,4VHessian Fly and Wheat Insert Shows Adult Female, Greatly Enlarged. If it has stunted plants upon which small brown seedlike bodies are attached to the stalks, the fly is probably present in the pupal or "llax seed" stage. These brown seedlike bodies can be found below the surface of the ground between the leaf sheath nnd the stem of the plant. Within a few weeks small gnatlike flies hatch out, laying a second crop of eggs which result in the spring brood of flies. The Hessian fly has four stages In Its life. The egg, the maggot, the pupal and the fly. It is the maggot, a white, flaky worm, about one-lifth of an inch long, that does the damage. If the plant survives the first attackthere is a chance of considerable damage resulting from the second crop, which eat the stems and cause the grain to lodge and lessens the grain production. Wheat that is badly infested with the Hessian fly ought to be plowed under, as it will not amount to anything as a crop and will only serve as a batchirg ground for further crops. Often some parts of the yield only are affected and the farmer may use his judgment as to turning under only a part of the field. Where volunteer seedings of last year's crop are detected containing Hessian fly they should be plowed under at once. If there are any suspicious signs of the presence of the fly in the fields the entomologists urge that samples be sent to the state entomologist for examination. PLANS TO CONTROL EROSION Gullies Cause of Considerable Loss by Washing Away Fertile Soil Ways to Reclaim. The gully is one of the things that keep rain from being an unmixed blessing to the farmer. That it is an inconvenience and causes damage is obvious, but in Farmers' Bulletin 1234, ' Gullies How to Control and Reclaim Them," by C. E. Itamser, Just issued by the United States Department of Agriculture, it is shown that loss is produced in 10 different ways, and that the most important is the washing away of fertile soil that can never be returned. After discussing the different types of gullies and their causes, the bulletin, which is illustrated with photographs and drawings, goes on to describe in detail methods of controlling erosion, such as plowing in and seeding, planting trees, and building dams of various kinds. Iiy following the suggestions and dans farmers should be able to prevent further erosion In most cases and to reclaim badly gul-' lied land. In some cases expensive structures vjch as concrete walls are I r.e-ded. but usually inexpensive ma- ! tcrinls hruh, straw and stonc-s are ro'-oi::nended. The bulletin may be obtained free of charge by addressing the department at Washington, D. C. PLAN TO ERADICATE SORREL About Simplest Way Is to Spray With Solution of Copperas Quicklime Also Kills. About the simplest way of killing I sorrel, if yo'j do not want to cultivate ; the land, is to spray It with a solution I of -oppt ;.'is (sulphate f iron), made i.y dNoliiig two p.?unda. of ecptHraa to galP.n of natvr. Ilepo-t the pr;i;. ii:- "itch a th sorrel begin :o make gro vth. You e.-.n ;;No kil this v. d by sharing p:i"kli;:-e in wa t-r and spria'-ding the water mik? l:u:e over ti e ph.nts. repeating as of.i: a-

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Growing Old Too Soon? Are you or? tf tbo untcrtunste folks -who tindj yourself furling older than you hou!J? Do you fttl Line and still rr.crnin:; draj through the day with a contt&ntly aching lark? Evening find you utterly wcrn-out? Then look to your kidr.eys. l'rfnt day life puts a heavy burden on the kidneys. They slow up and poisons accumulate and upset bleed and nerv. Help your weakened kidneys with Docn's Kidr.cy mit. Dean's bvc helped thoutsinuH and should help you. Ask your neighbor! An Indiana Case

Joe Knarr S5. M a I n SL, Goshen. IrJ., ia: T couldn't straight n and my back acted constantly day and niprht. I'vtry move pent rharp pains through my kidr.cys. The nrtlon of my k!Jncys was at times ..:'.; A r r too freouent and ttV-:tT i"en a .a in wie Km. 4 vv secret inns were scanty. I used Doan's Kidney Pills and the aclu-s and pains I ft and my back was well and Mrorc. My kidneys hctr-d naturally. toV Get Dotn'a et An? Store, COc a Box DOAN'S jy XLV FOSTER M1LBURN CO.. CU-7AL0. N. Y. m YOU CAN'T GUT OUT A Co Snnvln or Tboromtlmla 'A but you can clean them off proir.ptly with and you work the horse same time. Docs net blister or remove the hiir. $2i0 per bottle, delivered, WU1 tell you more if you write. Cook 4 A free W. F. T0UNG, Ite 310 Tepl SL, SPrifLL Hm. To N I G hT Tomorrow Alright NR Tablets stop sick headaches, relieve bilicus attacks, tone and regulate the eliminative organs, make you feel fine. "Better Tkaa PHs For Lirer W" SALESMEN, DISTRIBUTORS, AGENTS VANTED F'very city to establish headquarter f.r Truo Fruit flavtTs, selling to home, t.trsonaPy. thru agents, premium workers; the trade thru salesmen. J5.000-J10.000 a year opportunity. Selling kits, cold, silver premiu'na, plgns; displays for trade furnlhe.1. $10 to 11,000 capital builds permanent, repent order busine. I! A A(J & HA AO. INC.. ROCIIKSTKR. XEW YORK. WANTED 1Ü.0ÜÜ IIO.MK SF.KUKHS Opportunity of your Ufa. SubdivUloa af a grand estate. Addrepg K. Stafford. I. O. I Vox St. lake Monroe, Fla. Just the Person. I was taking Junior for a walk one afternoon, nnd ho was playing with a little football which neither of us had boon able to Inflate. I was watching Junior when a neighbor came along. She sat down beside me. After n little while Junior came up and asked Miss Jones If she would blow up hit football for him. She asked him why he thought that she would be able to do so after I had already failed. His answer was. "Cos my dad Fays r.t yn is the longested winded woman 'at ever breathed." Kxchange. That's Something. "How does Mr. (iruinpson stand with his neighbors?" "Not well. I fear." "Xo?" "If you were to ask them to name his pood points, about all they could say in his favor is that he doesn't try to play on any musical Instrument." Hirniingham Ace-Herald. Why She Changed: 'I have always used i the cheaper baking powders, supposing them just as good as Royal but I invested in a can of Royal Baking Powder and now find all my baking so much improved that I will use no other kind." Miss CLB. ROYAL Baking Powder Absolutely Pure Contains No Alum Leaves No Bitter Taste S;nt for AVu Roy al Cook Book It'tFRLE. Royal Baking Pow-derCo,126VillUmSt.ewYcrk

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