Jasper Weekly Courier, Volume 63, Number 42, Jasper, Dubois County, 11 March 1921 — Page 7

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BESSARABIA: SHAPED LIKE A PITCHER WITHOUT A HANDLE Koumania, since the conclusion of the World war, the largest of the states of southeastern Kumpc. owes much of this lncreaud area to Its recent annexation of Bessarabia, previously a part of Itu&da. Bessarabia, the former Russian province lying between the Truth and the Dnieper rivers, and hounded on the Houth by the Danube and the Black m :i, might be likened in shape to a tall, slim pitcher, without a handle. It Is completely bounded by water except at a very narrow point at the mouth of the pitcher. The Dniester river forms the eastern boundary of the province. Flowing out of the crown lands at Galicia, the river runs east in general direction for approximately tifty miles. Then it turns southeast for ninety miles to Dniester bay, an arm of the Black sea, some fifteen miles from Odessa, Russia's principal port on that Inland body of water. The Truth river, flowing out of Galicia, runs east for about twenty miles, then turns southeast for a hundred and ten miles, and then slightly west of south to its confluence with the Danube. Bessarabia is a little smaller than Vermont and New Hampshire together. Its greatest length I 275 miles, while its greatest width is 175. It is mostly Hat, except for some wellwooded off -shoots of the Carpathian mountains in the northwest. It might be said to be the vineyard of Russia, being a great producer of wine. The population of HJiOO.OOO is made up of Moldavians, Little Russians, Poles, Roumanians, Bulgarians, Jews, Armenians, Greeks, and Tartars. More than 2.000,000 of the Inhabitants live on the soil. The capital is Kishinef, which is located almost at the center of the province. To the west of Bessarabia lies Roumanian Moldavia, and to the east the Russian province of Podolia and Kherson. The original Inhabitants of Bessarabia are believed to have been Cimmerians, after whom came the .Scythians. Because It was the key to one of the approaches, toward the empire of Byzantium, the province was invaded by many successive races during the early centuries oC the Christian era. Trajan Incorporated it with the province of Dacia, and In the next century the Goths poured into it, to be followed In turn by the Huns, and Avars, ami the Bulgarian. In the seventh century a Thracmn tribe, known as the BessI, settled there and gave to the land its name. Between 1711 and 1S12 it was the great bone of contention between the Ottoman Turks and the Russians. The Russians lost and recaptured it five times In that century. After the Napoleonic wars. It was definitely an nexed to Russia, and Its frontier pushed southward so as to Include the delta of the Danube. As a result of the Crimean war, Moldavia was given Dobrudja and other territory, but under the treaty of Berlin In 1S7S, following Russia's mastery of Turkey and the congress of Berlin. Russia secured all of the territory east of the river Truth. Bessarabia remained a part of IluIa from that time until the dismemberment of the czar's empire, following the Russian revolution. MEXICO: A MODERN BABEL President Obregon, who has just been installed as chief executive of the Republic- of Mexico, rules over a population of many tongues. This multiplicity of languages Is not due to wholesale Immigration as In the United States, but to a failure to "Mexlcnnlze" a large part of the Indian population. The causes of many of the revolutions which have disturbed the progress of Mexico can be traced to this diversity of tongues and the differences in thought and Ideals' that necessarily follow. 'From Sonora to Yucatan, more than fifty separate dialects are spoken." write Frederick Simplch in a communication to the National Geographic society. 'All the inhabitants of the West Coast, however, with the exception of some hill tribes of Indians can understand Spanish. "Of these Indians the S.0 Yaquis, with their crude Bacatete hill forts their weird ceremonial murine dances und their warlike attitude, are easily most conspicuous Many are enlisted with the federal army or employed as ranch hands and mine or railroad labt re r. The Yaquis with the federal troops are termed 'Manzos or 'tame Yaquis; those In the hills, wild and hostile, are the 'Bronchos The latter are a vagrant lot. robbing ranches for food and animals carrying rawhide drums and wafer gourds, wearing vandals of green cowskln living by their wits. Pressed by hunger, they subsist as well on burros as beef. These burros, 'the short and simple animals of the poor thrive by the thouan! on the West Coast. Many

run wild, like 'the wild asses of Mesopotamia The Maya Indians, some of whom still carry bows and arrows, Inhabit the fiat costal plain south of the Yaqul region along the River Maya. Excellent laborers, peacefully Inclined, many of the Mayas are trusted helters on American ranches and plantations. ".Most of the well-advertised brands of wild men are fairly familiar to the show-going American public. The head hunter, the Pygmy, -the Bushman and hi boomerang, are all old circus acquaintances. But within 700 miles of chaste and classic Los Angeles, there dwells a lost tribe of savages whose very name is known to but few of us; for this tribe has never been tamed, 'uplifted or even exhibited. Yet It Is older, perhaps, than the Aztecs; it may even be the last Jiving fragment of the American aborigines. 'The Seris, these strange people are called, and they inhabit a lonely evil rock called Tiburon (Shark) island that lifts Its hostile head from the hot, empty waters of the Gulf of California. And all down this coast the name of Tiburon Is spoken with a shrug of the shoulders, for these Seris are thieve and killers. It Is even whispered that long ago they were cannibals." EUGENICS AND OUR IMMIGRATION LAWS Recognition by congress that immigration constitutes one of the greatest of the after-war problems of the United States makes timely a suggestion in regard to controlling the great lnllux of foreigners to this country, advanced by Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, in a communication to the -National Geographic society. "Why should not congress provide for an ethnical srarvey of the people of the United States," he asks. 'We should have definite and reliable information concerning those foreign elements which are beneficial to our people and those which are harmful. "The problem of Improving a race of human beings is a most perplexing one to handle. The process of Improvement must be slow where the forces concerned act from within and are not amenable to control from withoutUnder the best conditions it would require several generations to produce sensible results; but iu the United States we have, in the new blood Introduced from abroad, an important means of Improvement that will act more quickly, and that l.s eminently susceptible to control. All the nations of the world have been contributing elements to our population; and we have, now, and now only, the opportunity of studying the process of absorption before it Is complete. The grand spectacle Is presented to our eyes of a new people being gradually evolved In the United States by the mingling together of the different races of the world in varying proportions. It Is of the greatest consequence to us that the final result should be the evolution of a higher and nobler type of man in America, and not deterioration of the nation. "To this end the process of evolution should be carefully studied, and then controlled by suitable immigration laws tending to eliminate undesirable ethnical elements, and to stimulate the admission of elements assimilated readily by our populaticn. and that tend to raise the standard of manhood here."

HOW STEEL IS MADE In the two years since the end of hostilities in the World war, the countries suffering most from the conflict have been importing steel to the extent that their finances will permit; for this substance is needed to patch the Industrial Injuries Inflicted by the war. Some of the Important methods employed in the making of steel are described In the following communication to the National Ceographfc society, by William Joseph Showalter: "An open-hearth furnace looks a good deal like an ordinary bake-oven; but when one looks In through the water-cooled door, a vast difference appears. Instead of pans of fragrant, fat loaves of baking bread, there Is an Imposing pool of fiery liquid as bright as the filament of a high-power tungsten lamp, so dazzling that It can be examined with safety to the eyes only by those using colored glasses. Tinted here and there with streaks of soft blue and dainty pink, it looks like melted stick candy. "In preparing a battery of openhearth furnaces for a charge, finelyground dolomite Is shoveled In first. This melts like glass and fills up all cracks and crannies caused by the powerful heat of the preceding charge. Then a little train roll up before the battery, and an electric crane dumps box, after box of scrap metal from the cars Into the furnaces. Oft some distance is a great steel tank lined with firebrick and full of liquid pig metal. "When the scrap has melted and the contents of the cauldron are cooked enough ; when the Impurities have been driven out and tolled away, the fiery broth Is 'seasoned as it were, with the proper amount of carbon, spiegel, ferromanganese, tungsten, ferrosHlicon. vanadium, or whatever is necessary to give the desired character to the resulting steeL' 'Then comes the tapping of the furnace. An electric crane lifts a great ladle Into position, a workman Jams a crowbar through a clay-plugged hole at the base, and out flows the frenzied stream Into the ladle. The slag rises to the top like oil on water and overflows, congealing on the outside of the ladle. Then the big crane plckj

up the ladie. swings It over to the pouring platform, where It, In Its turn, is topped and its purified fluid run off Into molds. "Great care has to be taken In handling these ladles, for the presence of a few drops of moisture when the hot metal Is poured Into one might cause an explosion and loss of life. Just before they receive the molten metal the ladle are heated nearly white hot In order that the steel or iron may not chill In them. "As fast as they are filled the ladles are swung out over the ingot molds and the liquid steel Is run Into them and allowed to cool and take Its solid form. It is as if water were poured into molds and set In a refrigerating machine to freeze into blocks of Ice. The only difference Is that the 'freezing point of steel is away above tho boiling point of water. "There are two other important types of steel furnaces the crucible furnace and the electric furnace. In both of them the Idea Is to keep all hurtful gases? and other Impurities out and to regulate the addition of alloys and oxygen destroyers to a nicety. In a crucible furnace the metal Is placed In graphite clay pots, covers are put over them, and the pots subjected to great heat. Silica is gradually absorbed out of the clay In the pots and transformed Into silicon by coining Into contact with the carbon In the steel. The silicon In its turn absorbs the oxygen and thus quiets the frothing, foaming contents of the kettle. "The electric furnace acts In much the same way, Its heat being so pure that there Is no necessity of putting the steel In covered pots to keep out gases and other impurities. An electric arc, established between huge electrodes and the surface of the slag, produces the heat in such a furnace. By varying the materials used in the formation of the slag any Impurity can be worked off and the glowing steel left as pure as crystal. The alloys are then mixed with the steel and ft Is made tit for any use desired. It Is drawn Off Into ladles and poured Into ingot molds, where it hardens', ready to be worked up Into those things that constitute the last word In fine steel'

THE TRAGEDY OF ARMENIA The plight of Armenia about the end of 1010, a condition which has been aggravated by the recent defeat of Armenian forces by Turkish nationalists. Is described In the following communication to the National Geographic society from Melville Chater. "Erivan, the capital of Armenia's provisional republic Is an inconceivable contrast to the Georgian government seat at Titlis. At Erivan one finds no spacious prospect nor viceregal palace, no smart shops, Russian opera, nor gay night life. To behold misery In Titlis, one must search It out. In Erivan one cannot escape it. 'This poor, straggling, dingy city of the plains, whose government ollices suggest some hastily extemporized election headquarters and whose parliament chamber Is rigged up with benches and cheesecloth in the auditorium of the second-class theater, boasts of but one beauty, and that to speak in paradox is forty miles away; for, In whatever quarter of Erivan you may be, lift your glance and great Ararat of eternal snows Is seen brooding distantly over the mean streets with his aspect of majestic calm. He Is the Armenian's Olympus, or rather say, the Sinai of a race which has known bondage and wilderness-wandering; and for centuries a people's Imagination has turned toward him. "The little Erivan republic has been the center of refuge for Turkish Armenians ever since the massacre of 1015, and between 200,000 and 300.000 of them are camped within its borders. As for the city Itself, Its former population of 40,000, has been doubled by this influx. There, starvation and typhus have claimed their toll of 0,000, the death rate fluctuating between fifty and eighty a day. "Though the doctor and I were here to observe the worst phases of the situation, each of us waited for the other to suggest. a trip to the Igdlr region,, where we were told starvation was most acute. The town of Igdlr, with Its local and near-by populations of 30,000 Armenians, 20,000 Tatars, and 15,000 Yezidls, revealed some squalid streets with but a few people seated here and there, as we drove In. Throughout those tortuous, sun-beaten byways, no children played and no animal roamed. The air was heavy with dreadful silence, such as hangs over plague-wult-ten communities. "We found the children, such as they were. Inhabiting an orphanage wherein one sickened at putridity's horrible odor, and were Informed that there were neither medicines nor disinfectants wherewith to allay the condition of the many little sick beds "Sick? Say, rather, the bed-ridden u word which more Justly describes those tiny, withered-up, crone-like creatures, upon whose faces the skia seemed stretched to a drumhead's tightness; whoe peering eyes shot terror and anguish, as If death's presence were already perceptible to them, and who lay there at famine's climax ot physical exhaustion. In those young, yet grotesquely-aged faces1, we seemed to see a long lifetime of tragedy packed Into eight or ten childish years. "The mud huts which we vlnlted presented an Invariable picture a barren, cave-like Interior, lacking one stick of furniture or household utensil, and with a few bleached bones scattered here and there.

flMlElN5 111 in the laiiti BIG (3IIE5 -

Where Striking Miners Dwell in Tents

WILLIAMSON, W. VA. Life in the striking miners tent colony, along Tug river. Is Interesting to the visitor. When the miners' in the Mingo county field struck last July to enforce their demand for recognition of the union, many of them left the coal company houses they occupied, in some instances substantial brick cottages with electric lights, and went to live In tents provided by the union. There the most of them have remained, with their wives and families. ' A typical tent colony Is that known ns Lick Creek. There are 21 tents, sheltering approximately 100 persons. Martin Justice, a striking miner, presides over Its destinies as "president," having been elected to that office by the colonists after he had been select

When 'Mr. Markin Falls in Love He Falls

CHICAGO. Mrs. Gertrude Itossner told the world at Madison and Wells streets that she positively would not be a bird in a gilded cage for Samuel Markin. It's a sad story. Mr. Markin. until a few fleeting weeks ago, chauffeured ä goose at the sartorial establishment of Samuel Shatz, 20S West Madison street. Mrs. Rossner is employed there as a cutter. "See that shrimp," said Mrs. Rossner, seizing Traffic Policeman Murphy's arm. "That's Sammy Markin. I want him pinched. He won't take no. for an answer, and he hounds me night and day. I have to slam the door in his face every evening." "Listen, officer," expostulated Mr. Markin. "I love that woman ! Oh, how I love that woman, officer! Look!" and he prepared to kneel upon the icy pavement. But his foot slipped, a manhole cover popped open, and he skidded feet foremost into the yawning chasm. He was caught under the shoulders by the cover and the rim. "I love her officer," Mr. Markin continued, gesturing toward Mrs. Rossner. "Help!" Mr. Murphy reached down and res-

Finds His Wife Handcuffed to Murderer

NEW YOKK. Emma Brooks is the wife of a Chicago insurance man John Walter Brooks. Her husband belongs to that great group of citizens often called the "respectable middle class." Lucille is thirty-five, a goodlooking woman, not overdressed, not painted, not of the Broadway type. She is a woman you might see any Sunday leading her children into church. But Mrs. Brooks stepped out of the middle class respectability long enough to land In the brightest of New York's most unsavory limelight. She was arrested as a materl .1 witness in the killing of Police Lieutenant Floyd Horton, who died in a Broadway gun battle. She was the companion of three men who staged a pistol fight to the Find Strange Picture PORTLAND, ORE. Recent reports of astonishing finds of the skeletons of human beings, their ornaments and war and domestic utensils, near Big Eddy, on the Columbia river Just above The Dalles, that It is thought might reveal the existence of a race who Inhabited Oregon antedating the famed Indian confederation of the Wauna, received an addltloDnl impetus when B. Frazier brought to Portland photographs of picture writings chiseled on cliffs at Roosevelt, Wash., across the river from Arlington. Ore., by a people tkat would seem to differ from the Indians as they are known at the present time. . Frazier, who Is a traveling salesman, stumbled upon the find during a hunting trip and brightened up the writings by means of chalk to enable him to make photographs. The writIngs are thought to be very ancient. In few respects do they resemble the more usual Indian writings. Speculation has been aroused by the finds of the skeletons of the lost tribe with the sea shell ornaments

ed by the union to supervise the distribution of strike benefits and supplies. With hm are some 50 men and women and about as many children. The striking miners busied themselves during the summer months with their gardens, but this winter they are seeking such work ns they can lind, other than work In the nonunion mine. The women occupy their time with their household duties and with looking after the children and chickens. The children have nothing to do but play, as no provision for schools has bc'en made for them. "With the flooring in the tents we are well fixed for the winter," said "President" Martin, a native of Min go county. "Perhaps a hundred folks have moved away, the men to work In unionized fields and taking their families with them. But we have had only two men go Into nonunion mines. We'll stick." Miners and their families In the eight tent colonies In the' district receive support from the United Mine Workers. Each man is allowed $5 a week, each woman $2 and each child $1. Clothing also Is supplied, as is fuel.

I LOVB hfr; 3 cued him. Then he summoned the patrol and the party motored to the Central station. Mr. Markin en route ceased not to press his suit. - "I bought her a wrist watch and candy for the kids," he said at the srhtion. "I would have bought her a diamond ring." "I don't want the diamond and you can have the wrist watch back," said Mrs. Rossner. "And I'm through with you at thq . tailor shop," said Mr. Kntz. "You're canned. Why should I keep a man who Is so lovesick that when he should be cutting out trouser seats he cuts out hearts?" "I love her," repeated Mr. Markin. death from a motorcar. She was herself wounded. One of her companions was killed. i Her husband met her for the first time since the affray In the Criminal court building, while she was on her way to the district attorney's office. She was handcuffed to one of' the oth-e-members of the murder car quartette. The handcuffs hurt her wounded arm. Mr. Brooks was in Chicago. He had told John Cavanagh, superintendent of the apartment house where Mrs. Brooks lived to look after her. Cavanagh suggested a partj Nicholas and Joe La resell went along. They went to the Tenderloin and visited several "soft drink" places. .Toe La resch stopped the car and went Into an apartment house, where he tried to hold up a man. Mrs. Brooks says she was "pretty well dazed" by this time. She remembers hearing several shots. She remembers something hitting her arm. Then, she says, everything went black. It was during this time that her companions, pursued by Lfeutenant Horton, who finally leaped to the running board of their car, unllmbered their artillery. Writings in Oregon r lifi ft J 3 07.&&n.. n nearby that were of a character never found on the Pacific coast beaches. According to reports from The Dalles the countryside In the vicinity of Big Eddy is thronged with Investigators, who want to delve Into the pits that had been opened up by the crews working on the Columbia highway grading. Official of the state highway commission are taking steps to preserve the finds from the curiosity seekers, and the Frazier writings may be visited shortly In an effort to decipher their meaning and connect them. If possible, with the relics taken from the tombs across the river.

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1 News Brevities From Indiana Indianapolis. James (i. Goodrich, before be retired a governor, ordered the remission of the $-." tines in the casts of five of the six Delaware county grand jurors fined December 21 by Judge William A. Thompson of the Delaware Circuit court, following a written investigation report filed by 'these jurors criticizing the conduct of Judge Thompson, and suggesting that he resign. The governor ivco;nme!:ded that the case- of Lance M. Coons of Muncie, the sixth juror, be brought to the Supreme court in order to determine the rights and duties of a grand jury In investigating the cases of pullic officials. Indianapolis. Governor Goodrich recently announced a number of appointments of members of boards of trustees for state Institutions. Charles E. Butler of Crawfordsville was appointed a member of the board of trustees of the State School for the Blind at Indianapolis, to succeed Thomas A. Clifton of Covington. Wiod Posey of Terre Haute was appointed on the board of the Southern Hospital for the Itmne at Evansvilie. to succeed Andrew Rlchardt of Evansvilie. John B. Stoll of South Bend was reappointed on the hoard of state prisons. The appointments are for four years. Indianapolis. Coal mined in Indiana during Rrjo totaled 2r.:Ui),."(;S tons, according to tentative reports received from .11 standard shipping , mines of the state and compiled by the Indiana coal trade bureau. It Is estimated that when complete reports from all of the 210 standard shipping mines in Indiana are in the total productien w ill exceed LN.raM.om tons. These figures do not include tonnage from the wagon mines of the state. Jeffersonvllle. Several successful corn growers In Utlca township, regarded as Clark county's blue gr:is region, are not worried over the low price of corn, for they are In the market as buyers and not as sellers. Many of them had poor crops and have not enough for their own needs. Not much Clark county corn will be sold at the low price because those who do not have to buy will feed what they have raised to live stock. Gary. The United States Steel corporation will have to pay $SS4.10r...rS in taxes In 1021 for its Gary steel mills. The taxes for the Gary Land company, the real estate holding company for the corporation, will be $ir0.IKXXOT. These figures were obtained from the records in the county treasurer's office. The records show that Lake county had a balance of nearly $1,000.000 In Its treasury at the end of 10120. Lindeh. Owing to the present wave of crime throughout the country, the citizens of Linden have organized n protective association of twenty-one volunteer members who have been sworn In ns special constables. Fire arms have been procured for the officers and special arrangements made for electric lighting throughout the night. Martinsville. As a climax to a quarrel, Walter Warmoth. n farmer living near Ilazelwood, crushed Iiis wife's skull with a heavy stick of stovewood and then telephoned to a doctor to "come In a hurry' She lived a minute after the arrival of the physician, whose office Is a short distance from the Warmoth home. Lafayette. William II. Baker, whoso home is nenr Lyons. In Greene county, is the 1920 Indiana corn king. lie raised an averatre of 128.8 bushels an acre In the annual five-acre production contest held under the auspices of I'urdue university, according to an announcement made at the university. Lexington, Ky. Xo hurley tobacco will be grown In Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio during 1021, and tobacco salesfioor will remain closed for an Indefinite period. If resolutions passed at a meeting of representatives of farmers from all parts of the district are carried out. Tipton. An organization known as the Tipton County Ayrshire Breeders' association has been perfected. The organization is to promote and advance the interests of the Ayrshire breed In Tipton county and co-operate with the state Ayrshire association. Kokomo. Kokomo probably will be one of the first cities In Indiana to adopt the city management plan, should this system of municipal government receive the sanction of the lawmakers at the present session of the legislature. Portland. Members of the city council voted to make n 10 per ent reductfon In the wages of all city employees, effective February 1. Huntington. Two hundred and thirty-four thousand dollars was paid 4o employees f the Orton-Steinbrenner factory in Huntington In bonuses. Thii amount wa cleared by 220 men. authorized at the meeting of the sdockholders. The amount paid iast January for 1919 work was $391,000. Indianapolis. Signed Htatement have been given IL IL Frledley, tato fire marshal, by Arlle Crafton um Jhn Vehorn, In which the two cvn allege that they made two attempts to burn a store In Greenwood in order to collect the insurance.

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