Jasper Weekly Courier, Volume 57, Number 37, Jasper, Dubois County, 18 June 1915 — Page 8

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ELECTRICIT?;

Why It U Difficult For tht Layrrmii W v UndereUnd What It It. "Whan ii electricity is a farorfcfce qutry vith people who desire t gefc a rise" out 01 a scientific soaau (And when he fail to ansirtr itin the same simple fashion that "hi might treat the question CfWhat i a biscuit?" the questioner cries out: "Aha! You prof ass to know all about electricity. Why, youcan't even tell what it is I" tToWj to "tell what a thing is" that is, to define it is to state its relation! with something mora familiar. The particular familiar thing that the questioner is thinking of in this case is ordinary matter. Heat has been explained to Mm ae a vibration of material articles. Light, he has been told, U a t ave motion in tho ether, and he iitt -' rstan?s the ether to be a kind of :.tatter or a substance resembli: g matter ir some particulars. It is not to be denied that no BUi)i simpl general relationship can bö stated between electricity ar J matter. But, th.s being so, it wt-nld be just as correct to say that wo do not know what matter is ai that we do not know what electricity if, As a matter o fact, we do not know what matter is, and th latest plausible theory of it builds it up on an electric basis, so that on this theory the idea of electricity ia more fundamental than that of matter. TTnfortunately our sense ha? bean evolved by contaot with mutter and are trained to -detect only matter. Electricity they know only secondarily, through its action v.-pon matier the light or heat that 51 causes matter to give out, the attraction that it causes certain substances to , exert, and so on. To the man ya the skeet, therefore, matttr is familiar, and he demands a statement of tho latter, in terms of the former, illogical though this maj be. After the scientist has stated all this the reply comes back, ''Yes, I understand all that, and it is most clear, I am sure, -but tell me, thm, what is electricity anyway ? Another source of confusion fco the lay mind is that scientific men do not always uso tho word "electricity" to meaai the same thing. .The engineer often employs it to express the Illing that the theoretical electrician calls "electric enex-67-To iflnd the energy of electricity that is, ite ability to do work--the electrician multiplies the qu tity of electricity by the potential or tension under which it exists. But to tho engineer this product itself measures the thing that he calls "electricity." The work that a pound of water may do by falling a foot is one foot pound. The water is tho same after calling as before, though its energy Is lesi. So to the electrician a quantity of electricity at JOO foltf is precisely the same as at one Volt, Jtiough the foxmtr is .able to do a (hundred times as mmch work. (This difference in -meaning causes itKousands of dipuAa among students. "Electricity is a form ,of energy' says one, "just like light or heat." "Oh, no!" is the reply. "It is not energy at all, though it may possess or convey energy." On disputant is talking about the electricity of the physical and the other about that of the engineer; hence jfeheir dispute is merely a matter of definition though they do not know it. 'What wonder that some people i re still content to regard V. ? whole nbjnct Q a cryjlizul Mui-tto Jftml o ?- St. Xo !37tejbljf'. as HIm Ploa.

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'TITHE STOCK" -EXCHANGE." Dste of the First A$rtment Among UcujyorWß Broken. In the eSHLy part of Mar&, 1792, the first notice tfas printed of the opening oC'a 'stoek exchango office at 22 - trelkrby A. L. Blceckcr

& Sons, J lJJnfnioVMcEvers & Bar-

.dt & Torrers and Ja Tho-e oral firms, hel? frsiocTif each dav at noon

ksellmK in relation. to ijQnre equa

opportunities foreach o(Kr. .Some of the broker specialists to sented such .a trictcd orpranfza tion, and on March 21 a meeting was called of the dissatisfied broken for purpeees of protection, and a committee was appointed to provide a suitable room in which t assemble and to suggeit such rules and regulations for conducting their business as the committee deemed necessary. The final result of this meeting, says Moody's Magazine, wasthe first signed agreement among dealers in. securities, the oldest record now in tlifc archives of the. IsTew York Stock Exchange. Tiic agreement reads as follows : "We, id Subscribers, Brokers for the f rbapearid. Sale of Public Stock, do K'ioby solemrly promise and pledge ourselves to each other, that we will not buy or sell from this day, for any person whatsoever, any kind of Public Stock at a less rate than one-quarter per cent commission on the specie value, and that wo will give a preference to each other in our negotiations. In Testimony Whereof we have set our hands this 17 th day of -May, at New York, 1792." This organization had no local habitation for conducting exchange business. Like the curb brokers today, transactions were carried on in the open, air at a point between the present lumbers of 68 and 70 Wall street, under a famous old buttonwood tree that stood there with widesnreading branches, which protected them xrom the sun's rays and ordinarily inclement weather. Business in Ihosfl days was not rushing, and there was an air of leisure and quiet about the. gathering. Securities Were not active enough to employ all tne time of the brokers, so between times betting on the restilts of domestic and foreign political controversies and dealing in merchandise wera included. The first inside quarters of the exchango were secured in 1793, when Uio Tontine coffee house, at the northwest corner of Wall and William streets, was completed. The ojd buttonwood tree was abandoned, and the dignity of the brokers' organization waa elevated by the change. The Tontine coffee house was controlled by a chartered companvmpoted of 203 subscribers at VpO tych, organiaed as a merchants exchange. The dealers in securities and tiie merchants were all jumbled up together, and at time9 when trading as brisk there wb wild excitement and sIäul's that would have done oredit to a band af 0bmanche Indians. !No const itw(idtn for a stock exchange was adopWl unfcil 1817, when the -Sew York stock and exchange boarl was .'formally organ ized and a constitution adopted

1 Nathaniel Prime was appointed

president and John Buwon secretary.

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i o i i; t looK liJce a man who uslm

"Ar araocs is agin me, lady; but if jfn only knowed how many pairs cf pants I got on." Philadelphia

The Manager Wa?l UtA The crowd swayed fesf4r$ ite manager of the open air iSoir, "What did yon rnea'n by advert in thet tight rope walker ?" cried the spokesman. "Just what I said" replied the unabashed manager. "But tho rope was laid on tir und' cried tho spokesman, "an' your fraud of a rope walker just walked on it a step or two I Do you call tbQt tight rope walking?" "Cerfeinlyl" snouted the manager. "The man was tight, wasn't he Cleveland PlainDealerv 01&n : fad &nd with mashed potato to whSf is added t teaspoon of finely minced parsley. Lay the fish on a baking difih on several slice?, of salt pork. Bake and baste aflan with the fat from tht pork. "Yon wouTdirt la Utk tnat fellow wm rorth 1,000,000, would you?" "Gracious, no!" 'Well, ho isn't." Philadelphia Pres.

His Thrifty Sons.

impatient. W!1, if that ain't the limit P mnel the po-tman as ho came der i tliö ett of a private reside: v ''Wfiate tie trouble?" queried the p in citizen, who had overheard the potman'? noisy thought. "Vhvf explained tho man in gray, the '.v ornan in that house f ys if T Jriu't come along earlier ljHget hex lettrn from lomtoth' ta carrier. 'J öhic&go Hwt.

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Musical Recital on the Second Djiy of the Chautauqua '

fA WU, H IM,,. .TTTFSSS I'

ON the second day of the Redpath Chautauqua, in the afternoon, Miss Gertrude Sternlu ror, contralto, will give a recital, assisted by Mr. Haydon Pnrrj i homas, basso. In the Evening of tho same day Mr, Thomas will give a recital, assisted by Miss Starnberger. Each plays the other's accompaniments. The Music News, Chicago, speaks of Miss Stern berger as a woman of exceptional natural gifts and as having a dramatic soprano voice of great power and maturity. Continuing, the Music News says of her voice, "Its opulence and purity are especially manifest jn the upper register." llaydon Parry Thomas was for some time with the International 33ftcMh Opera Company and with Henry W. Savage in light opera. Since then lm hai been for four .vonrs with f'O Iledpath Bureau, first with the Strollers Quartet aud last year v.ith the Cathedral Choir. He has a most excellent basso roice and a most pleasing personality.

STANLEY IN AFRICA

Was

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W. A. Colledge, Who Is to Lecture Here Chautauqua Week, Was Also Friend of Robert Louis Stevenson.

11. WILLIAM A. COLLEDGE, dlrcfcwr t th Relith BÄucntlo!

g pariment, will deliver his grtat Itclurt on "Tht Fortune Hunter" oa JLF forthcoming Hedpath Chautuiims ker. This lecture has profed very popular wherever It hu ttn firtn. Dr. Colledüo was educated In Gl&sffoir and London. H was associated with Dr. Gunsauliis as the head of the department of language and literature in Armour Institute of Technology, Chicago, for nine ye,ars. Dr. College was for three years with Henry M. Stanley in his explorations In Darkest Africa and has also travoled extensively in Arabia, Egypt and throughout Europe. He was editor in chief of the New Standard Encyclopedia, first editor of the Technical World Magazin, fellow of tho Royal Geographical Society, author of "Interpretative Studies of Scottish Authors" and "Tho Beginning of the Modern Drama." Henry' Druminond was Iiis close friend, and Robert Louis Stevenson was his neighbor from childhood. While a student In London It was his good Xor-

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3)B. W. A. COLLEDGE. time to see and hoar and to come into intimate relations with such umn 9 Gladstone, Spurgeon, Joseph Parker and Lc$rd Beaconsfleld. Dr. Colledge was for years chairman of the board of trustees of the Monticello Seminary, Godfrey, II!., the oldest girls' school in the state. He is new chairman of the board of trustees of the Columbia College of Expwrto Chicago. 4 Dr. Colledge's lecture is a bright, sparkling presentation of the thln tbt aro vital to life, full of good, clean humor and bubbling oyw urito. bum interest.

Who's Married to Who

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