Jasper Weekly Courier, Volume 56, Number 48, Jasper, Dubois County, 18 September 1914 — Page 6

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3ARK SLIGHT FUNGUS odorless cabbage is here

SEFMOUS AND APPARENTLY LITTLE UNDERSTOOD DISEASE.

Working Great Havoc With Chestnut Tree in Several of the Eastern States Writers Attempt to Estimate the Loss.

New Vegetable Introduced From Shantung Province of China Grown On Experimental Plot.

MARVELS 0

F NORWAY

(By G. CLINTON )

The fact that so many shade and

A new Chinese odorless cabbage, introduced into this country from the Shantung province of China, has been grown on experimental plots near Washington. David Fairchild. who is In charge of the government's work in plan introduction, and Dr. D. N. Shoemaker, a horticultural expert In the

bureau of plant industry, have been

"Midnight Sun" at North Cape Attracts Travelers.

forest trej throughout the United ; doing the work. The odorless cabbage P:ies are dying is causing serious is rated as a great delicacy by those concern on the part of ail who are in- : who have tagted it. It was discovered

For Short Time During Summer There Is No Darkness and Scarcely Any Twilight Harbor of Mold Marvelously Beautiful.

tereated in forestry, whether this in

terest be caused merely because one

in China by the plant explorers of the

department of agriculture. Besides

is a lover of the fine trees, which line ' lacking the eabbaee smell. It hmm the

our lty streets, or whether one is the j additional advantage of being a very

owner of a commercial forest

It is appalling to note, as one drives through various sections of the country, the many splendid trees turning prematurely brown or yellow or being entirely defoliated by some insect pest or disease.

rapid grower.

The Chinese cabbage is different in shape from the domestic varieties. being long and narrow. It also requires a different method of cultivation. The needs of the common cabbage are planted in the early spring in

drand specimens of oak. elm u

maple, ash. chestnut every variety of plants are set out after the danger of

frost is past The seed3 of the new Chinese cabbage, however, are planted during the first week of August in the open ground, and they head up in the early winter. The vegetable is adaptable to practically all sections of the country where the domestic cabbage will grow, and where the soil is rich enough so that the growth of the plant may be forced. For men who are engaged in intensive farming, this cabbage is likely to become popular. A grower can raise a crop of spinach and possibly a crop of snap beans before he plants the cabbage seeds in August.

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Fungus on Elm Leaves. tree almost (in some localities one Tariety more than others) sharing the same fate. Millions of dollars' worth of trees have been destroyed by these wretched foes within the past few years, regardless of the fact that millions of dollars are annually spent in the endeavor to prevent the destruction of our trees. Certain writers have attempted to estimate in money value the loss caused by the blight of chestnut hark. Just how this loss Is estimated is not absolutely clear. However, it is interesting to note that in 1908 one writer estimated the damage in and about New York City between five and ten million dollars. Id i90t) another writer stimated the damage throughout parts of the east at ten millions. He says: "The damage already done In the states of New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey would not be less than twelve millions of dollars."

The greatest loss is caused where

CAUSE OF ACIDITY IN SOILS Lack of Lime May Be Considered Real Reason for Condition Brought About by Leaching.

(By A. WHITSON.) Acid is produced in soils as the natural result of the decay of organic matter. Unless there is sufficient lime present in the soil to neutralize the acid as it forms it will accumulate and produce an acid soil. The lack 6f

London. Chief among the marvels that bring travelers from other lands to the country of the Vikings are the "Midnight Sun" at the North cape and the marvelously beautiful harbor of Moide towards the south. For a short time during the summer in the tar North there is no darkness and scarcely any twilight. The wonder and cold magnificence of the midnight sun at North ecpe hav- been described very frequently. The harbor at Moide, surrounded by snow-clad hills, can challenge comparison with Sydney (Australia), known as the finest in the world! There is no great beauty in the towns of Norway, which are today singularly lacking in ancient and picturesque buildings and ha.ve a very modern apnea ranee. The country boasts only one cathedral, that of Troudhjem, built by the pious King Olaf (1015-30). This superb Gothic pile was allowed to fall into ruins. Northern nations never took kindly to the centralization of national churches at Rome and Norway suffered somewhat from keeping aloof from that movement. The first impression received by the traveler as the ship steams up the silvery waters of the fjords, or deep, far extending sea inlets, in summertime, is one of extraordinary peacefulness and calm. They have reflected the wonderworking power of creative energy, in still, commonly unruffled calm, since the world began. The prevailing color of the mountains from the water is a grayish green, with here and there a patch of vivid verdure protected by a light fence. Near such a patch a wooden hut will be seen, called a "saeter." These are built for the accommodation of

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Liming Acid Soils for Growing Alfalfa and Clover Is Very Profitable.

lime in the soil may then be considered the real cause of the urUMtv

future profits are entirely cut out by j which develops. This lack of lime in the death of half grown trees and ' some soils Is brought about by leachsprout growth too small for present j ing. by cropping, and by the absence use. If the disease progresses in the of lime in the rock from which the

future as actively as in the past, the ! soil was formed.

pro8pct8 of cur chestnut forests are

Tree Defoliated In Mid-Summer. ery poor indeed This means serious loss, for the chestnut is one of the most useful forest trees in all parts of the country where it occurs. Besides the loss from a commercial point of view, there Is the damage caused to the shade and ornamental trees, and to groves kept on estates and parks, for aesthetic rather than practical purposes.

Practically all the loss of lime from

the soil is caused by leaching. In the formation of soil from rocks, the soil always acquires lime. Whenever the rainfall is sufficient, the lime is generally washed out of the soil into streams and a ray to the ocean. Lime, then, does not accumulate in soils in humid areas, but in regions of little rainfall it does collect and so is present to neutralize any acidity which tends to develop through the decay of organic matter. As a rule, therefore, the soils of a dry climate are not acid; fn fact, they usually are alkaline. The soils of a humid climate, on the other hand, naturally tend to become acid. It is only where unusual conditions prevail, such as the existence of rotten limestone rock directly under the soil, the presecno in the soil of limestone rock ground up by glacial action, or the blowing of soils from a dry area into an area of greater rainfall, that the soils are not acid.

CLEANING OF TRUCK GARDEN

ARRANGEMENT OF THE HIVES When Placed Too Close Together Foul Brood Will Breed Through Agency of Young Bees.

Numerous Fungous Diseases Rest Over Winter On or in Decayed Stalks, Leaves or Fruit.

It is strange what a difference of ;inlon there is concerning so simple a matter as the arrangement of hives. Some beekeepers place them not more than six inches apart. Our own experience Is that five feet is not too !;ir We have repeatedly noticed that when hives are placed so close togethnr llPM numhprs rf hone a r a Uillori

" " Expert- ,hen the returning ,warm enter3. ln ment Station.) I . . . . . ... . . . . , , considerable numbers, the neighborU the control and prevention of ing hivee , writer ln WtaeoMto plant disease sanitation or the r- Ay.rlculturist And lhen too tIwre n 8 important Th.-re Is a num-, ar losss of , when fertilizatioa ber of our fungous Psoases which rest tafcea pIace An(, and over tho winter ou or in decayed ,,, of all u there foul brood in MaJks. leaves or Ml The resting the , . through th(J Use of the fungus Is resistant In win- agenc, pf th. bees paniculariv tor conditions. Among such diseases on windy da) 8 wheU tuese youngsters, which rest over in the above manner whlch are .. accepted are blowa re away from their own to other ent lub root of cabbage, onion mildew. trances. f vou must place hives BO leaf spot of stra berry, leal spot of close together, face the first south ar.d

,ttriy ül,sul UI c,Mer- iaie the next to the north. Facing to the

ui item ui ceiery ana asparagus lusi If a disease is not destructive one eason this is no sign it will not be another season. Rake up and burn the old stalks, leates and fruit left in the garden patch

Typical Scene in Beautiful Norway. those who look after the cattle during the summer months. Here they sleep and take their meals. The 'saeters" are built on the lower slopes of the mountains where the v getation is good and are often at some, distance from the "gaard" or main farm. The gloom of the fjords is over all, and though signs are not wanting of the wars and troubles of passionate men. the general effect is to make one desire to whisper rather than to make merry. The dignified silent Norse folk have a ready welcome for the summer tourist, especially for the English visitor to whom they feel akin, especially since pretty Princess Maud of England, sister of King George V, went to be their queen. The most popular personage In Norway is the young Prince Olaf, with his mother a close second in public appreciation. Tin? famous Arctic explorer Xansen, who is a great man in his own country, is gtven a good deal of credit for assisting to pilot the revolution which separated Norway from Sweden, through its happily placid course, and in securing Queen Alexandra's nephew for its king.

Tires at Before -War Prices

Goodyear Prices

It is Folly Today to Pay More

30x3 Plain Tread 30 x3 , "

34x4 36 x 4 37x5

I (

$11.70 15.75 24.35 35.00 41.95

There exists now a new, compelling reason for buying Goodyear tires. It results from War conditions. These leading tires built of extra-fine rubber, in the same way as always are selling today at June prices. You will find today a very wide difference between most tire prices and Goodyears, Due to Quick Action Early in August when war began the world's rubber markets set? med closed to us. Rubber prices doubled almost over night. Men could see no way to pay for rubber abroad, and no way to bring it m. We, like others in that panic were forced to higher prices. But we have since gone back to pru -es we charged before the war, and this is how we did it : We had men in London and Singapore when the war broke out. The larger part of the world's rubber supply comes through there. We cabled them to buy up the pick of the rubber. They bought before the advance 1,500,000 pounds of the linest rubber there. Nearly all this is now on the wav to us. And it means practically all of the extra-grade rubber obtainable abroad. Today we have our own men in Colombo, Singapore and Para. Those are the world's chief sources of rubber. So we are pretty well assured of a constant supply, and our pick of the best that's produced. 0 We were first on the ground. We were quickest in action. As a result, we shall soon have in

storage an almost record supply of this extra grade of rubber. And we paid about June prices. Now Inferior Gradea Cost Double About the only crude rubber available nw for many makers is inferior. In ordinary times, the best tire makers refuse it. Much of it had been rejected. But that "off rubber" now sells for much more than we paid for the best The results are these: Tire prices in general are far in advance of Goodyears. And many tire makers, short of supplies, will be forced lo use second-grade rubber. Be Careful Now In Goodyears we pledge you the same STade tire as always. And that grade won for (loodvears the top place in Tiredom the largest sale in the world. And, for the time being, our pries are the same as before the war. We shall. try to keep them there. We accept no excessive orders, but dealers will be kept supplied. And we charge them, until further notice, only ante-bellum prices. That means that Goodyears the best tires built are selling way below other tires.

J

I lOODp YEAR

AKRON.OMIO No-Rim-Cut Tires With All-Weather Tread or Smooth

AIRSHIPS AND SUBMARINES WASPS OF WAR

Both Are Getting Their First Real Test in This Conflict in Europe.

MAY FIGHT ONE ANOTHER

Each Invention Now Is Prepared to Pull the Other's Sting, but Their Actual Value Is Yet to Be Demonstrated.

Improving Dairy Herd. On tan improve his dairy herd very

tpidly by annually buying one good

cow of large milk production capacity and at the same Lime disposing of bis poorest cow.

north will not be Injurious to the bees as so many imagine. In the above we have overlooked one thing, viz., that when hives are placed so close together, young queens, returning from their wedding flights, get into the wrong entrances and are killed.

Silage Good for Lambs. An Investigation recently concluded at the Indiana experiment station has proved without doubt the high vaius

I of corn silage as a feed fox lambs.

Messenger Speaks Ten Languages. New York Alexander J. Tocatli, seventeen, a Western Union messenger boy, speaks ten languages. He was born in Kerch. Crimea, but five years later his family went to Smyrna, where he came in contact with many tourists and acquired his collection of languages.

Troubles of Policeman's Family. New York. After his wife had sprained her wrist, his son. Bennie, fourteen, had broken his leg in a fall, and another son. Harry, six, was struck by a trolley car. Policeman Dennis Sullivan fell and tore his new uniform while chasing thieves.

Every modern war has been fought with new weapons, and for the last century there have been countless inventions for the carrying on of warfare in a particularly destructive manner, with the philanthropic intent that war was fast becoming so horrible and terrible that it must soon pass away from the face of the earth, says the Philadelphia Public Ledger. But it happened that as soon as a particularly horrible contrivance was invented and introduced into armies and navies inventors immediately busied themselves by offsetting and discounting its probable effect. Consequently war not only has not passed away, but we still have it with us. Thus it is that each big war. after being heralded as the world's last conflagration, is found upon examination to be false, and the end of war is not yet arrived. Trying Out Inventions. In the present war in Europe there are being tried under the conditions of actual hostilities many improvements and inventions that previously have been tried only under laboratory conditions. Their real worth will only be discovered at the close of the conflict. No army or navy engaged in the present conflict in Europe but what is possessed of nearly all of the modern improvements made since 1S70. The

WASTE LAND MADE FERTILE

Rerrii-rkahle Results Have Followed Experiments Only Recently Undertaken in Egypt.

As an indication of the ultimate outcome in the great delta of Egypt, where 1,300,000 acres of wash salt land awaits development, toward the end of 1912 about 800 acres of absolute

ly waste land at Biala were taken in j hand. The land was so heaVily !m pregnated with salt that for ages noth- j

submarine, which was a dream in 1865, is owned by the navy of the smallest power. It is true that single submarines are not expected to accomplish much in a real struggle, so the larger navies of the great powers have fleets of submarines. The aeroplane and the dirigible balloon are to be found in the possession of all armies in Europe today, yet they, too, are only expected to be of real service when they are possessed in large numbers. The airships and the submarines are the wasps of modern warfare. Like the little insect, while they have a powerful sting, they are very vulnerable, and may be easily crushed and rendered powerless. Aeroplane and Wireless. In the recent smaller wars, aeroplanes have been used to a limited extent, and this use has been so much limited that their real efficiency is expected to be finally determined by the present war. It is much the same with the wireless telegraph. While it was used in the Russo-Japanese war of ten years ago, the apparatus was still rudimentary, and the installations too few, while the range of the apparatus was too limited to show the greatest efficiency, ln the intervening decade, however, great advance has been made in wireless. It is now possible and, indeed, is a custom every day, to send and receive messages from a distance of more than 5,000 miles. This, then, is a new and important factor in naval operations, as was seen by the censorship put over the great sending stations on this side of the Atlantic by the United States authortiies. Wireless has also been successfully attached to aeroplanes. The submarine was in existence in 19o4, but it was a very different sea wasp to that whjch England, France and Germany are using today. Y'et its real value is yet to be determined, and it is expected that this demonstration will come during the present conflict. Rapid Increase of Submarines. At the time of the Spanish-American war there were only five submarines in all the navies of the world. The latest edition of Brassey's Naval Annual for this year gives the number of submarines in the various navies, and shows what interest is being taken in the wasp of the sea. Great Hritain has 70 built, and is building 20 more; Germany, who only began build

ing had grown in it. A scientific system of irrigation and drainage was laiy out. under direction of Lord Kitchener, at a cost of $50 an acre, and it was then handed over to the fellaheen in five-acre plots for cultivation. Last year the land was washed, and a crop of rice was grown, giving satisfactory yield. After the rice crop the salt distribution was measured, and the percentage was considerably reduced. To the great astonishment of

the fellaheen cultivators, a permanent j result had been achieved in one year,

lag a few years ago. already has 27, and is building 12 more; France has 70 and is building 23 additional ones; Kussia has 25, and is building 18; while the United States has 29, and is building 21; Austria has 18, and hat four under construction, while Italy owns 18, and is building two. Yet the submarine is still an unknown quantity in warfare. Submarine In War. Many of the early submarines are mall and probably of little efficiency, and France has numerous types about which little is known by the outside world. The German submarines are said to be built along the Holland lines, while the Russian submarines are said to follow one or more of the French types. The submarine, from a romantic viewpoint, should be a great factor in deciding a naval engagement, but the fact remains that up to the present time it has done nothing to prove its value. It was believed that the moral effect of the submarine would be almost as important as its physical effect upon an enemy's warship, but this belief has not been justified up to the present moment. There were notions that there would be terrific fights under the seas by submarine meeting submarine and destroying each other. But it has been found that when submerged the submarine is as blind as the traditional bat. Its crew cannot see any object under water, and is compelled to resort to the use of the periscope, which emerges unostentatiously above the water, in order to see its own course. It If known that the periscope is the ey of the submarine, and naturally attention has been paid to the best way of destroying this vital part of their boats. The designers of the submarine did not count upon it being seen. It was believed that it would go upon its way, dealing death without observation, although its periscope does make a slight wake on the water, and when submerged there are telltale bubbles. But it has been discovered that from a certain height an observer may trace the course of a submerged submarine with as great accuracy as if it wai running on the surface. The dirigible balloon and the aeroplane now can ferret out the sneaking submarine, and they both are supposed to be armed to destroy the warship that moves like a fish.

which undpr the ordinary system preTailing in the country would hare taken three or four years to accomplish. Cotton Is now. therefore, belnc satisfactorily grown on a fair proportion of this area, and it is expected that It will bring from $75 to $100 an acre.

Counting Up Fines. "Are the running expenses of an automobile very high?" Not if the motorcycla oop tails to get your number."