Jasper Weekly Courier, Volume 53, Number 47, Jasper, Dubois County, 1 September 1911 — Page 6

The Farmer and Agricultural , Education 1 fM57 By Pro". J. . SKINNER VrKT I had tf Animal HuthanJry Dttsidmtnt. Dtan of Purdue Sthoot cf UZJQJf v- AlTUvHuir &. PurJm L'nhtnitt Agr .utturet t ittnucn.

Farmers Listening to Lecture and Demonstration on Vaccination of Hogs to Prevent Hog Cholera, at Purdue University.

v While schools of agriculture were established In several statos In the middle of the last contury, the agricultural college originated with tho Morrill act. The Michigan Agricultural colloge graduated Its first class In "61. In the oarly days the college of ogrlculture had little equipment and few instructors and still fewer students. There was no science of agriculture taught from the standpoint of approved practice. Young men went to the agricultural college to study the best practice. The field was new and the methods of the farmer were those of the pioneer. From the limited class room and few instructors and the study of approved practice, we have gone to the laboratory, the science of agriculture, the extension department with Its special train, demonstrations, and short courses for practical farmers and agriculture In the public schools for boys and girls. Tho modern agricultural college is brond In Its scope and purpose. There la no longer a serious attempt to teach tho art of agriculture requiring years of experience to master the details necessary to success, but emphasis is placed upon the principles underlying successful practice as determined by careful experimental investigation. The antiquated general courses of 25 years ago have generally fallen by the wayside, whllo In their places are to be found courses so designed as to permit a wide choice of subjects on specific linos, aimed directly at the technical needs of the Individual. The best evidence of the value and success of modern agricultural education is found in the large number of agricultural college men who are actually succeeding on the farm. The graduates of the agricultural colleges are usually enthusiastic business men and much of their success and profit is n result of the improvement of the wasteful methods of the pioneer. In addition to tho regular colloge work, provision Is made for a class of students who. for one reason or another, cannot enter on a four-year course In scientific agriculture. This grade of Instruction must necessarily be of a more practical nature and deal with a few fundamental principles and successful practice. Tho short course for farmers and Farmers Judging Corn at the Hog Feeding Experiment. Tho animal husbandry department is conducting a feeding experiment on hogs for tbo purpoBo of testing out the value of grinding corn for dry lot feeding with hogs of different ngCB. The hogs arc divided Into lots weljraing 40, 100. 150 and 200 pounds reflectively. One lot of each weight of hogs recoive ear corn and tankage, one lot of each receives shelled corn and tankage, and one lot of each receives corn meal and tankage. This makes twelve lots of hogs of four different ages by means of which tho relative value of car corn, shelled corn, and corn meal may be tested. New Poultry Building. Tho poultry department of Purdue will build a now building, 14x80 foot. This building will bo divided Into eight ponß, 10x14 foot, with yards adJoining, and will tm nrrangod bo as to be oaslly accessible to visitors. Many varieties of fowls will be kept hero for student work, such as handling, feeding, nnd judging.

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their wives which have attracted thousands of men and women to these institutions for one or two weeks' of serious study and discussion of the most advanced agricultural practice has oecome so popular and tho demand for It so widespread that this form of ag

ricultural Instruction in many stated Is being taken out through the .extension short courses to the peoplo on the farm. High-priced land, decreased crop yields on old agricultural lands, prevalence of crop pests, high price of grains and live stock, are conditions now confronting farmers, that are rapidly forcing them to see the importance of a thorough understanding of the principles, underlying soil improvement, plant and animal growth and improvement by the application of business methods to farming. Thousands of farmers are beginning to appreciate and avail themselves of the information which the department of agriculture and experiment stations have been accomulatlng for years. The college of agriculture and experiment station are looked upon as valuable sources of information at the free disposal of the farmers. In addition, this agricultural Instruction is creating higher ideal3 of living in the country, dignifying agriculture and farming, increasing the efficiency of the man on the land as well as the productive power of tho soil. It is driving away tho old-time drudgery by developing men of breadth of thought, information and culture, who not only see great fundamental problems, but who are capable of analyzing them and with a knowledge and determination which will speedily solve theio problems that are of tho utmost importance and significance to a nation with a rapidly growing population and Industrial development. The farmers of the future must practice scientific methods. The average Indiana farm can easily be made to yield from 50 to 150 per cont. more profit than Is being made today. The young man who expects to follow farming cannot afford to go into it without an agricultural education. Tho farm offers one of the best opportunities that a young man can find In any business or profession. Purdue Farmers' Short Course. Improvement at Purdue. Tho old part of tho Purdue dniry barn Is being remodelled. The boxstalls nnd the old type of stanchions are being replaced by tho new stanchions. Box-stalls are also being built In the new wliifc of the barn which was built last year. This will give a capacity for 30 milking cows In the old part of the barn and r.ccoramodatlon for a dozen heifers and twice that number of calvos In tho new Ving. The bulls are cared for in an especially built shed. Feeding Corn Silage. The cows of tho Purdue herd aro receiving; quite a large ration of con silage during the dry weather whllo the pnsturo Is short. Tho succulonco supplied by the silage Is very Important to large milk production. Fifty-two of the leading railroad companies of tho United States havo run an agricultural Improvement train over somo part of their lines during tho year ending June 30, 1910

r START WITH BUFF LEGHORNS Much Easier and More Satisfactory Than Few Years Ago Get Quality Rather Than Quantity. Starting with Buff Leghorns now Is much easier and more satisfactory than it 'was a few years ago. Now pri mlnent breeders are Rotting as arge a proportion of exhibition sreoin ccs from their matings as are the breeders of any variety and customers who are buying eggs get good tor the money they invest. Of i 'i so. one must be caroful to buy fr :n breeders who are producing fine rds. for breeders who are not b:ei !:ug the quality that Is winning at our prominent shows cannot suppi) it to their customers. After gotting the eggs and hatching the chicks be sure to mark thorn all according tc the breeding pen in which the eggs were laid; then when the chicks mature you will know their breeding. When you pick out those which you are going to keep for your foundation stock, if you have only one male and one lemnle that suit you, you had better uso only those for the first year's breeding. It is not quantity that the beginner wants It Is quality. Next season select your best pullet and mate back to the old male and mate the yearling hen and the choicest one of the season's cockrels. Those matings are reasonably sure to produce plenty of quality. If you buy the eggs from a breeder who has line bred his stock properly. FOLDING COOP FOR CHICKENS Ends and Sides Turn Down When Not Being Used Of Great Convenience in Shipping to Market. Now comes the collapsible chicken coop, designed by a Wisconsin man. and In view of the present mania for raising chickens it will probably interest a great many people. The sides and ends of the coop are hiagod beneath the ends When the recepjo . -MfcJSL -1 iff Folding Chicken Coop. tacle is extended the sldos form a support to the ends, and all are held firmly In the extended position by clips at the four corners. When the coop is collapsed, pins lock the fold ing parts and k?eps them down. As , will be readily understood, a coop of j this kind will be a great convenience i to the poultry farmer who ships his chickens to market or to a poultry stor After the live fowls have been d spcised of a dozon of these improved : reeeptades an be folded up. tied in ( cr.p t .ndle and shipped back to the , r'-vp where they came from at small ex'c--" and no trouble. Thv are e .J!) handy on the chicken farm. DUMPING NESTS ARE HANDY Bottom Arranged with Hlngeo So That It Will Drop and Contents Fall to the Floor. k'"od way to build hens nests is to l a- tho bottom attached with hirgr s and fastened at the front with srr.aM hooks and staples When the Eesti are to be cleaned the bottom Dumping Hens Nest. can be dropped and all the contents will fall out The nests should be at lvaat twelve Inches square, and for the large-sized breeds fifteen laches will bo better. Turkey Raising. Hocatise of tholr natural roaming lispositlon a great many persons think that turkeys are hard to raise, but to those who understand their habits tjicy aro the onslost to raise of all domestic fowls, snys a writer In an exchange. I think 1 sny "domestic" advisedly, although I know there aro some who consider it a misfit when applied to turkeys, but surely no one could call a flock of turkeys as tame as mine anything but domestic. This quality of tnmonoss can be bred In turkeys and should be considered by ail careful breeders, as well as size, shape and plumage.

USEFUL INSECTICIDE APPLIER Apparatus Arranged to Make Application Automatic as Chicken Helps Itself to Water. One of the most Ingenious of the many sanitary appliances for use on poultry farms Is the insecticide applying device shown in the illustration. It was designed by an Ohio man. On a largo farm it la practically Impossible to apply Insect-dcstroy-ln,' preparations for every fowl. Tho apparatus here makes this a plica ton automatically as tho chicken drinks. A central support Is placed in tho water pan and two tubes are

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Insecticide Applier. suspended from the sides. A strip of flexible percolating material hangs down from each tube to a point close to the water. The tube is filled with liquid Insecticide, which keeps this strip continually saturated. When a chicken wants a drink it has to push its head under the flap and both in this motion and by the action of withdrawing Its head, tho feathers on head and neck become soaked with the solution. As every fowl has to drink, none is missed in this treatment. TO FORCE EARLY MOULTING Fowls Should Be Confined for About Ten Days and Given About OneQuarter of Usual Ration. To bring about early moulting, confine the fowls In their various quarters about August 1, and for ten days only allow them one-fourth of their usual rations. During this time they lose flesh and stop laying. Then liberate and feed them all the corn. oats, peas, sunflower seed and wheat they will eat This causes a rapid moult and the new feathers start at once. Tho hens soon recover from the process and begin to lay regularly about October 1. The ration for laying hens should not be too heavy, but should be varied at frequent intervals. With your grain ration animal food such as ground flesh meat and bones, Is essential. Some green food too must be given. Experiments at the N'ew York station showed that the product of eggs from hens fed on corn meal was from 2S to 57 per cent, greater than from hens kept on a more nitrogenous ration. Summer Gains Are Rapid. The gains made by chickens during the summer are rapid, and poultrymen are fast beginning to realize that If they have large healthy birds they must have abundant range during the period when they are growing and developing POUITKY Let tho chicks have plonty of free range. The young chicks should be kept growing. The first requisite In fattening fowls Is a good coop. To make chicks grow first give plenty of good fresh air; don't allow them to crowd. Keep plenty of water fresh and clean for your poultry, and fight for lice and mites. Much loss is suffered by poulterers from a failure to properly fatten their stock for market. Fowls, to fatten well, should be confined In a small space In perfect darkness, and kept perfectly quiet. Fine gravel Is not the proper grit for poultry. They want a sharp material with which to grind their feed. Charcoal pounded fine and kept In the drinking pans will keep the young and old birds In good condition. Swelling of tho head Is frequently caused by a sharp draft on the fowl, from some small knothole or crack. Grit must bo provided for fowls, but the substance should bo sharp and of size for poultry as for man or animals. To keep a hen In good health sho noids nearly seven times more fresh air in proportion to hor size than doos the hone. If tho hens aro expected to laz heavily during the wlntor, they must ho cared for every month of the year, and fed more heavily as the fall months come on. If you are In tho thoroughbred poultry btislnoss, do not sell your cull stock alive. Dress It nnd see that tho culls arc not. worked onto the markets as your particular grain.

BoyPu33le

iy DR.J.5.KlRTL&y

LJL The Boy's Tho boy who slips through lifo without getting somo sort of punishment thero is no Buch boy. Even if ho should never do anything to requlro punishment but no; why deal In pure hypothosls? If ho should be ablo to escape all the vlgllanco committees that aro after him, it would bo solely because ho Is dolug the punishing and administering the discipline himself, and in secret; but wo need not tarry over that rare, if not impossible, specimen. Somo divergence from the line of rectitudo Is Inevitable, even when that lino Is clearly drawn by the teaching, and attractively illuminated, by tho practlso of those who havo him in charge. He cannot escape all his monitors, lucludlng his conscience. So punishment must come, because, if thero be no results of wrong-doing there can bo no wrong-doing, and wo have a fool world to live In. Those who havo him in charge have been nominated and elected to administer It; but you must first catch tho haro before cooking it, and you must actually find something to puulsh before tho punishment is handed out to him. It takes somo sense to know with certainty. In every case, whether there has been wrong-doing, what It deserves, how tho punishment should be administered and what is the purpose of It So It Is an intricate and unusual problem presented when his daddy starts out to puulsh him. Sometimes a boy looks Impudent, has an irritating accent and seems to deserve attention on general principles. In that case, circumstantial evidence becomes conclusive. Sometimes It is his awkwardness and not his meanness that leads to a break. All of us are interested in what Tolstoi writes, and he says his ungainly, ugly. Etupld-looklng face and coarse, unshapely hands and feet distressed hint and made him more lntractible when a boy. An Irritated parent may lick him to work off his own anger, and that is worse than hanging the wrong man from circumstantial evidence. To mistreat a boy Is a crime and ought to be treated as such. It 13 not always possible to keep a boy from thinking ho is unjustly treated and, in that case, all you can do is to do right and let him get over his miff whenever It suits his convenience. Punishment can be reduced to a minimum by careful discipline in the directing of his life. Directing a boy's life Is a god deal like directing the course of a horse. There are two ways of driving a horse, n right and a wrong way. The right way is to hold tho rolns slightly taut, so that the horso can feel the faintest pressure on either line, and soon he will enter with you

His Long Apprenticeship.

From the cradle to his career Is a good long time, about 25 years, and there is seldom found a boy who rellshos that long wait. It Is not that ho is Joalous of the other animals for getting through growing and down to business so much sooner than he does, when he and they start out together kids, colts, cats, calves and puppies and he sees several generations of the ! same animal family make their entrances nnd exits, while ho Is merely fighting his way to tho stage. The Hon and the tiger are mature at six, the horse earlier, the cow earlier still, tho sheep at from one to two years; the amoeba and other insects 1 in a few days and some of them aro born, mature, finish their lives and die. all In one day. This lightning ; change In them does not always stlmulate his patience. Ho seos tho vast I opportunities before him and Is sure they will all be gone by the time he gets a chanco at them. and. anyhow. It looks to him Just the thing to be a grown man. But if a boy proceeds more leisurely than tho other nnlmnls, It Is not time wasted, for when they are through ho Is starting In on a career that will outlast tho stars, a careor of which the three Bcore years of the'llfe hero aro only the overture; and, because thoy are only the overture, and therefore to strike the theme of tho whole eternal symphony, he has to havo plenty of time to tune up, get his part and do somo rehearsing. Tho elephant may outllvo him, but he Is closer akin to the angels than to tho elephant; the mud turtle may outlast him, but he is more like a sky lark to wing his way Into the infinite. It takes a long time to get ready for a long career. Tho greatest man the world has even known took 30 years to prepare for only threo years of work, but all tho ages to come wore to bo affected by those three years. Tho very greatest man In all the centuries before that matchless Ono did lifo work In 40 years, becoming a nation's leader and the world's law giver, but he could not havo done It If ho had not had 80 years to prepare for It. Goetho wrote the latter part of his Faust In old age, but It was tho rlno flowor of his many yoara of culi turo. Tho longer infancy I the chief explanation of the longer ago of man, for It secures to him both the bodily and the psychological requisites of the longer life, while It Is Just the chanco ho needs to got hlmsolf ready to make It an efficient life. The development of a Hilld Is ono of tho greatest Boclal processes wo

Jl Punishment Into tho enjoyment of tho drlvo. Tho wrong way is to let him havo the rein nnd do as he will, until ho does something you do not want, ami tlu-n go at him and beat him till his skia and hid hoart are sore and he grows weary and profano and would like to do something dosporato. Tho horse's mlhtakea aro wholly duo to tho way hi driver has treated 1)1 in nnd the lati. r deserves the boating. Good discipline will save drubbing. It is my most solemn conclusion that, in almost every case, the uronicdoing of a boy that requires punishment could havo been prevented by tho parents, nnd that they ought to tako tho puulshment themselves Thy ought to havo honor enough to voluntarily tako It and let him know it. so that he may havo the moral effect of seeing such a raro inotnnco of nobility. Thero is still an altruistic element in suffering. But when punishment Is truly deserved, It must be given and tho occasion mndo an epoch In tho lifo of the boy. It la not to bo made an end in itself, nor a mntter of retribution, nor anyone's vindication, but an education to the boy. It must, first of all. bring him back to the line of rectitudo from which he departed. It must awaken In him, not alone a sense of tho majesty of right and truth, but a new deslro to conform his life to It. Inseparable from the punishing must bo the effort to remove the occasion, and even the cause, of tho offense for which It was Inflicted. If they traco It back to themselves they must protect him from themselves, their modes of speech, the atmosphere they m-nto by their Inner spirits and their failuro to give him the wise discipline and tho steady, authoritative direction his lifo needs. If tho causo of It is In him alone, as. In raro Instances, it U, they can undertake no higher life task thaa protecting him ngalust his own faults. He will rospect authority, but not those who wiold It llko tyrants or outlaws. , Ho may be persuaded to enter into any right scheme of discipline, involving punishments and rewards, which means he will co-oporate in his own development, a thing very necessary if there Is to bo a right developmont. Tho sentiment of fear, which one may appeal to, in a right way. may bo harnessed up to actlvo work and turned Into love. Punishment must bo free from throats and harshness and anger, for they defeat Its purpose. It must not be occasional and Intermittent, but as each need arises. The quieter and freor from noise and talk such occasions can he made, tho more surely will they serve their true purpose. know nnythlng about, and from that standpoint, John Fisk hns given tho long human Infancy Its scientific Interpretation. All that time ho Is doing things, through the things that are done for him; and what ho does. In that way, is perhaps tho very best thing he ever does. It seems that ho is the one for whom things are done, but he Is doing for others a work that will tell on them and society for all" time to come. Perhaps ho Is achieving his very greatest task in fulfilling that long and. often tedious, apprenticeship. Interest centers on him as an Individual, but we come to see that the most striking thing about him I his social significance. His most marked contribution is to tho family sociality, but that does not limit his Influence. He promotes parental unity. The planning nnd work ing and loving bestowed on a common object, so fascinating as ho Is, produces a unity with an element that nothing else can supply. And If there should be In them tendencies toward divisions, this may divert their minds and prevent permanent cleavage; and. by the time they havo taken him through, from Infancy to manhood, caring and planning for him and giving him an education and a start in life, the habits of co-opcratloft will havo become fixed enough to cany them along without his further aid. By that tlmo ho will have trained them In self-discipline, for many a father Is' kept from a less worthy lifo by the thought of his boy or his HttU girl. There Is a sociality as between the parents on the one sldo and tho children on tho other; also betwoon the children themselves, and naturo has given him Umo to make good In both tasks. Other cnlldrcn and other homes are the beneficiaries of his fine opportunity for n long service, In a social way. But his long childhood is Just the thing for his own education, not only In a general way, but in some of tho powers, especially needed In tho future. Ono Is altruism; nnd a long period of service, for which there is no scale of rowards, Is tho best way for him to learn it. He grows In tho power of choice, as, at tbo right moment, ho tnkos hlmsolf over, so that by tho time ho passes from undo, their direction ho has himself In control, with far-reaching relationships established. Ho has his moral hnblts formed and fixed by the tlmo Jismust face moral Issues and decide them alone. Lot tho boy bo happy, rathor than grieved, bocause of his long apprenticeship.