Jasper Weekly Courier, Volume 53, Number 45, Jasper, Dubois County, 18 August 1911 — Page 6

The Farmer and Agricultural

Education

I

Rv Prof. J. H. SKINNER

Ifta J tJ Animal Huden J ry Dttertmtnt, Dtan cf PurJu Shl e At'lcultart. -... Pur Jut L nhrtity Aykultutel btttntion.

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Farmen Listening to Lecture and Demonstration on Vaccination of Hogs to Prevent Hog Cholera, at Purdue University.

While schools of agriculture were established In sevcrnl states In the middle of the last century, the agricultural collego originated with the Morrill act. The Michigan Agricultural collego graduated Us first class In '61. In the early days the college of agriculture had little equipment aud few Instructors and still fewer students. There was no science of agriculture taught from the standpoint of approved practice Young men went to the agricultural college to study the host practice. The field was now and the methods of the farmer were those of the pioneer. From tho limited class room and few Instructors and the study of approved practice, we have gone to tho laboratory, the sclenco of agriculture, the extension department with its special train, demonstrations, and short courses for practical farmers and ngrlculture In the public schools for boy3 and girls. Tho modern agricultural college Is broad In Its scope and purpose. There Is no longer a serious attempt to teach the art of ngrlculturo requiring years of experience to master the details necessary to success, but emphasis Is placed upon tho principles underlying successful practice as determined by

careful experimental investigation. Tho antiquated general courses of 25 years ago have generally fallen by tho wayside, while In their places are to be found courses so designed as to permit a wide choice of subjects on specific linos, almod directly at the technical needs of the individual. The best evidence of tho value and success of modern agricultural education Is found In the large number of agricultural college men who are actually succeeding on the farm. The graduates of tho agricultural colleges are usually enthusiastic business men and much of their success and profit Is a result of the improvement of the wasteful methods of the pioneer. In addition to the regular college work, provision is made for a class of students who, for one reason or another, cannot enter on a four-year course In scientific ngrlculturo. This grade of instruction must necessarily bo of a more practical nature and deal with a few fundamental principles and successful practice. Tho short course for farmers and

their wives which have attracted thousands of men and women to these Institutions for one or two weeks' of serious study and discussion of the most advanced agricultural practice has uocome so popular and the demand for it so widespread that this form of agricultural Instruction In many states is being taken out through the extension short courses to tho people on the farm. High-priced land, decreased crop yields on old agricultural lands, prevalence of crop pests, high price of grains and live stock, are conditions now confronting farmers, that are rapidly forcing them to 6ee the importance of a thorough understanding of tho principles underlying soil improvement, plant and animal growth and Improvement by the application of business methods to farming. Thousands of farmers are beginning to appreciate and avail themselves of the information which the department of agriculture and experiment stations have been accomulatlng for years. The college of agriculture and experiment station are looked upon as valuable sources of Information at the frco

disposal of the farmers. In addition, this agricultural Instruction Is creating higher ideals of living in the country, dignifying agriculture and farming. Increasing the efficiency of the man on the land as well as the productive power of tho soil. It is driving away the old-time drudgery by developing men of

breadth of thought, information and ; culture, who not only see great fundamental problems, but who are capable of analyzing tLom and with a fcnowl- ( edge and determination which will speedily solve these problems that are of the utmost Importance and significance to a nation with a rapidly grow- '

Ing population and industrial development. The farmers of the futuro must

practice scientific methods. The average Indiana farm can easily be made to yield from 50 to 150 per cent, moro j profit than is being made today. Tho i young man who expects to follow farmlng cannot afford to go into It without J an agricultural education. The farm offers one of the best opportunities that a young man can find In any busl- , ness or profession I

START WITH BUFF LEGHORNS

Much Easier and More Satisfactory Than Few Years Ago Get Quality Rather Than Quantity. Starting with Duff Ugborns now Is much' easier and more satisfactory than It was a few years ago. Now imminent breeders are getting as largj a proportion of exhibition specimens from thoir matlngs as are tho Lrcdors of any variety nnd customers who are buying eggs get good value for the money thoy invest. Of ciurse oue must be careful to buy from bieeders who aro producing fine birds, for breodors who aro not breeding the quality that Is winning at our prominent shows cannot supit to their customers. After getting the eggs and hatching the chicks be sure to mark them all according to the breeding pen in which tho eggs were laid; then when the chicks mature you will know thoir breeding. When you pick out those which you are going to keep for your foundation stock, if you have only one male and one lemale that suit you, you had better use only thoso for the first year's breeding. It is not quantity that the beginner wants it Is quality. Next season select your best pullet and mate back to the old male and mate tho yearling hen and the choicest ons of the season'n cockrels. Those matlngs are reasonably sure to produce plenty of quality, if you buy the eggs from a breeder who has line brod his stock properly.

FOLDING COOP FOR CHICKENS

USEFUL INSECTICIDE APPLIER Apparatus Arranged to Make Application Automatic as Chicken Helps Itself to Water. One of the most ingenious of the many sanitary appliances for use on poultry farms is the insectlcido an-, plying device shown In the Illustration. It wns designed by an Ohio man. On a largo farm It Is practically Imposslblo to apply insect-destroy-In, preparations for every fowl. Tho apparatus here mnkes this apllcatlon automatically as tho chicken drinks. A central support Is placed In tho water pan nnd two tubes aro

Ends and Sides Turn Down When Net Being Used Of Great Convenience In Shipping to Market. Now comes the collapsible chicken coop, designed by a Wisconsin man. and in view of the present mania for raising chickens it will probably Interest a great many peoplo. The sides and ends of the coop are hinged beneath the ends. When the recep-

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Insecticide Applier. suspended from tho sides. A strip of flexible percolating material bangs down from each tube to a point close to the water. The tube Is filled with liquid Insecticide, which keeps this strip continually saturated. When a chicken wants a drink It has to push its head under the flap and both in

this motion and by the action of withdrawing Its head, the feathers on

head and neck become soaked with the solution. As every fowl has to drink, none Is missed In this treatment.

DöyPu33le

u9y DRJ.S.KlRTLty

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The Boy's Punishment

TO FORCE EARLY MOULTING

Fowls Should Be Confined for About Ten Days and Given About OneQuarter of Usual Ration. To bring about early moulting, confine the fowls In their various quarters about Ausust 1. and for ten days only allow them one-fourth of their usual rations. During this time they lose flesh and stop laying. Then liberate and feed them all the corn, oats, peas, sunflower seed and wheat they will cat. This causos n rapid moult and the new feathers start at once. The hens soon recover from tho process and begin to lay regularly about October 1. The ration for laying hens should

not bo too heavy, but should bo varied

at frequent Intervals. With your grain ( way. The right way Is to

Tho boy who slips through life without gutting somo sort of punishment thero Is no such boy. Even If ho should novor do nnythlng to rcquiro punishment but no; why deal in pure hypothesis? If ho should be nblo to escape all tho vlgllnnco cominlttoos that nro after him. It would be solely because ho Is doing tho punishing and administering the discipline himself, and in secret; but wo need not tarry oyer that rare, if not Impossible, spoclmen. Somo divergence from tho line of rectltudo Is Inevitable, even when that line Is clearly drawn by tho teaching, and attractively Illuminated, by tho practise of those who havo him

In charge. He ennnot oscapo all his monitors, Including his conscience. So punlshmont must come, because. If thero be no results of wrong-doing there can bo no wrong-doing, and we have a fool world to live In. Thoso who havo him in charge havo been nominated and elected to administer It; but you must first catch tho hare before cooking It, and you must actually find something to punish before the punishment Is handed out to him. It takes somo sense to know with certainty, in every case, whether there has been wrong-doing, what it deserves, how tho punishment should be administered nnd what Is tho purpose of it- So it is an intricate nnd unusual problem presented whon his daddy starts out to punish him. Sometimes a boy looks Impudent, has on Irritating accent and seems to deservo attention on general principles. In that case, circumstantial evidence becomes conclusive. Sometimes It is his awkwardness and not his meanness that leads to a break. All of us are Interested In what Tolstoi writes, and h snys his ungainly, ugly, stupid-looking face and coarse, unehapely hands and feet distressed him

and made him more lntractible when a boy. An irritated parent may lick him to work off his own anger, and that Is

worse than hanging the wrong man from circumstantial evidence. To mistreat a boy Is a crime and ought to bo treated as such. It Is not always possible to keep a boy from thinking ho is unjustly treated and, in that case, all you can do is to do right and lot him get over his miff whenever It suits his convenience. Punishment can bo reduced to a minimum by careful discipline in the directing of his life. Directing a boy's life is a god deal like directing the course of a horse. There aro two ways

of driving a horse, a right and a wrong

hold tho

Folding Chicken Coop.

tacle is extended the sides form a support to tho ends, and all are held

firmly In the extended position by

clips at the four corners. When the coop Is collapsed, pins lock the folding parts and keeps them down. As will be readily understood, a coop of

this kind will be a groat convenience to tho poultry farmer who ships his chickens to market or to a poultrystore. After tho live fowU have been disposed of a dozen of those Improved receptacles an be folded up. tied In one bundle and shipped back to the place where they came from at small expense and no trouble. Thryr are equally handy on tho chicken farm.

ration animal food such as ground

flesh meat and bones, Is essential. Some green food too must be given. Experlracnt.tnt the Now York station showed that the product of eggs from hens fed on corn meal was from 2S to 57 per cent, greater than from hens kept on a more nitrogenous ration.

Summer Gains Are Rapid. The gains made by chickens during the summer are rapid, and poultrymen are fast beginning to realize that If they have large healthy birds they must have abundant range during the period when Ihey are growing and developing

reins slightly taut, so that the horso can feel the faintest pressure on either line, and soon he will enter with you

Into tho enjoyment of the drive. Tha wrong wny is to lot him hnve the n in and do as he will, until ho does son..thing you do not want, nnd then go .it him and beat him till his skin and l.i heart are soro and ho grows wo:f and profane and would like to m something desperate. Tho horse's intakes are wholly due to the wny t., driver has treated him aud the iatt. r deservos the beating. Good discipline will savo drubbing. It Is my most solemn conrlu: n that. In almost every case, tho wn i.i

doing of a boy that requires punist. meut could have been prevented ! v tho parents, and that they ought take the punishment themselves Tlv ought to havo honor enough to voluntarily take It nnd let him know It. that he may have the moral effect .f seeing such a raro Instanco of not.: Ity. There Is still an altruistic eleu,. nt in suffering. Dut when punishment Is truly deserved, it must be given and the caslon made an epoch in tho life ..f the boy. It is not to bo made an tr.d In Itself, nor a matter of retribute i nor anyono's vindication, but an :. cation to the boy. It must, first of .. bring him back to the line of rectit . :e from which he departed. It must a., ken in him. not alone a sense of tL majesty of right and truth, but a n- w desire to conform his life to it. Inseparable from the punishing must bo tho effort to remove tho ocrasto-., and even the cause, of tho offense f r which it was Inflicted. If they trac it back to themselves they must protect him from themselves, their mod of speech, the atmosphere they create by their Inner spirits and their failure to give him the wise discipline and the steady, authoritative direction his life needs. If the cause of it I in fc'.ru

alone, as. In raro instances, it U. tL- y can undertake no higher life task Ln protoctlng him against his own fa. its He will respect authority, but t those who wield It like tyrants or . laws. He may be persuaded to r r Into any right scheme of discipline volvlng punishments and rewaM, which means ho will co-operate in L. own development, a thing very n. -sary if there Is to bo a right dev. !-; ment. Tho sentiment of fear. v,hl one may appeal to. in a right m may bo harnessed up to active wer and turned Into love. Punishment must bo free fr- l threats and harshness and angor. f ' they defeat Its purpose. It must n 1 bo occasional and intermittent, but a each need arises. Tho quieter ar i freer from noise and talk such oc sions can be made, tho moro p jri.y will they serve their true purpose.

His Long Apprenticeship. Vrnm thfi cradle to his career is a i know anything about, and from that

cood long time, about 25 years, and standpoint. John Flsk has given the

DUMPING NESTS ARE HANDY Bottom Arranged with Hinges So That It Will Drop and Contents Fall to the Floor. A good way to build hens nests Is to havo the bottom attached with hinges and fastened at the front with small hooks and staples. When the nests are to be cleaned tho bottom

Poultry

Farmen Judging Corn at the Purdue Farmers' Short Course.

-Hog Feeding Experiment. Tho animal husbandry department Is conducting a feeding exporlmcnt on bogs for tho purposo of testing out the valuo of grinding corn for dry lot feeding with hogs of different nges. Tho hogs aro divided Into lots welching 40, 100, 150 and 200 pounds respectively. One lot of each weight of hogs recclvo car corn and tankngo, one lot of each receives shelled corn and tankage, and ono lot of each receives corn men! nnd tankage. This mnkes twelvo lota of hogs of four different ages by means of which tho relative valuo of ear corn, shelled corn, and corn meal may be tested.

New Poultry Building.

Tho poultry department of Purdue will build a new building. 11x80 feet. ThlB building will bo divided Into

olght pens, 10x14 feet, with yards nd

Joining, nnd will b nrranged bo as

to bo easily accessible to visitors.

'Many varieties of fowls will bo kept

hero for student work, such as hand ling, fcedlnc, and judging.

Improvement at Purdue. Tho old part of tho Purdue dnlry

barn la being remodelled. The box-

Btalls and the old type of stanchions aro being replaced by the now stanchions. Uox-stalls are also being built In tho new wing of the barn which was built Inst year. This will give a capacity for 30 milking cows In tho old part of tho barn and rccommodatlon for a dozen heifers nnd twice that number of calves In tho now wing. The bulls nro cared for In an especially built shed.

Feeding Corn Silage. The cows of the Purdue herd aro receiving quite a large ration of corn silage during tho dry weather whllo the pasturo Is Hhort. The succulenco supplied by the silage Is very Important to large milk production.

Fifty-two of tho leading railroad companies of tho United States have run an agricultural Improvement train over somo part of their lines during the year ending June 30, 1910

Dumping Hens' Nest. can be dropped and all the contents will fall out The nests should be at last . twelve Inches square, and for tho large-sized breeds flftocn inches will be better.

Turkey Raising. Because of their natural roaming lisposition a great many persons think that turkeys are hard to raise, but to those who understand their habits Uicy are the easiest to raise of all domestic fowls, says a writer In an exchange. I think I say 'domestic" ndTlscdly, although I know there nro some who consider It a misfit when applied to turkeys, but surely no one could call a Hock of turkeys as tame as mine anything but domestic. This quality of tameness can be bred In turkeyB and should be considered by nil careful breedors, as well as size, shape and plumage.

Let the chicks have plenty of free range. Tho young chicks should be kept growing. The first rcqulslto in fattening fowls Is a good coop. To make chicks grow first give plenty of good fresh air; don't allow them to crowd. Keep plonty of water frosh and clean for your poultry, and fight for lice and mites. Much loss Is sufferod by poulterers from a failure to properly fatten their stock for mnrket Fowls, to fatten well, should be confined In a small space In perfect darkness, and kept perfectly quiet Fine gravel Is not the proper grit for poultry. They want a sharp mtiterla! with which to grind their feed. Charcoal pounded fine and kept In tho drinking pans will keep tho young nnd old birds In good condition. Swelling of the head Is frequently caused by a sharp draft on the fowl, from some small knothole or crack. Grit must be provided for fowls, but tho substance should be sharp and of size for poultry as for man or animals. To keep a htn In good health sho needs nearly sevon times more fresh Air In proportion to her size than docs the horso. If tho hons are expected to lay

heavily during tho winter, they must be cared for every month of tho year, nnd fed raoro heavily as the fall months come on. If you aro In the thoroughbrod poultry buslnoss, do not sell your cull stock nlivc. Dross It nnd see that tho culls are not worked onto the markets as your particular grain.

there Is Ecldom found a boy who rcl

Ishes that long wait It Is not that he Is Jealous of tho other animals for getting through growing and down to business so much sooner than he does, when ho and they start out together kids, colts, cats, calves and puppies and ho sees several generations of the same animal family make their entrances and exits, while he Is merely fighting his way to the stage. The Hon and tho tiger are mature at six, the horse earlier, the cow earlier still, the sheep at from one to two years; tho amoeba and other Insects In a few days and some of them are born, mature, finish their lives and die. all in one day. JTbls lightning change in them does not always stimulate his patience. He sees tho vast opportunities before him and is sure they will all be gone by the tlmo ho gets a chance at them. and. anyhow, It looks to him Just tho thing to bo a grown man. Hut if a boy procoeds more leisurely than the other animals, It is not time wasted, for whon thoy arc through he is starting In on a carcor that will outlast tho stars, a caroer of which the three scoro years of tho lifo hero

aro only tho overture; and, because they are only the overture, and therefore to strike the theme of tho whole eternal symphony, ho has to havo

plenty of tlmo to tune up, get his part nnd do some rehearsing. The elephant may outlivo him, but he is closer akin to the angols than to tho elephant; the mud turtle may outlast hlra, but he Is moro like a sky lark to wing his way Into the infinite. It takes a long time to get ready for a long career. Tho greatest man tho world has even known took 30 years to prepare for only three years of work, but all the ages to come wcro to bo affected by thoso three years. Tho very greatest mnn In all the centuries before that matchless One did lifo work In 40 years, becoming a nation's leader and tho world"s law giver, but ho could not have dono It If he had not had 80 years to prepare for It. Goetho wroto the latter part of his Faust In old age, but It was tho ripe llower of his many years of culture. Tho longor Infancy Is tho chief explanation of the longor age of man. for it secures to him both tho bodily nnd tho psychological roqulsites of the longer life, while It Is Just the chanco ho nePdB to get himself ready to make it an efficient life. The dovolopracnt of a child Is one of tho greatest social processes we

long human Infancy Its scientific ic

terpretatlon. All that tlmo bo Is d Ing things, through the things that ar done for him; and what he does :n that way. Is perhaps the very bst thing he ever does. It seems that 1 Is the one for whom things are dr.c-. but he Is doing for others a work tr a will tell on them and society for time to come. Perhaps he Is arh -v ing his very greatest task in fulfill rg that long and. often tedious, aprr-v ticeship. Interest centers on b n an individual, but we como to srthe most striking thing about b iu his social significance. His moat markod contribution the family sociality, but that d- ' limit his Influence. Ho promot ; rental unity. Tho planning and Ing and loving bestowed on a r u. object, so fascinating as he is ; duces a unity with an element ' nothing else can supply. And if ' should be In them tendencies t- i divisions, this may divert tht ir n. and provent permanent cleavogby the time they have tak- :i through, from infancy to mar' caring and planning for h n. f-uin- him nn oducation and a

In life, the habits of co-operatioft I havo become fixed enough them along without his further By that time ho will havo tra r i them In self-discipline, for many ther Is kept from a less worth by the thought of his boy or his I ' girl. There Is & soclnllty as botw a the parents on tho one side and ' children on the other; also bttw 3 the children themselves, and na has given him tlmo to make good " both tasks. Other children and ' homes are the beneficiaries of his opportunity for a long service, i social way. ,

But his long childhood is jus thine for his own education, not

in n ceneral way. but In some t f '

powers, especially needed in th ture. Ono Is altruism; and a period of service, for which th" no ecalo of rownrds, Is tho best for him to learn It He grows in the power of '

as, at the right moment, ho taK self ovor, so that by tho t passes from under their direr1 has himself in control, with far Ing relationships established. I his moral habits formed and fix the tlmo he must face moral .Innliln thnm titrmn. ijOt " '

41 11 U UVtlUU 1"" ... be happy, rathor than grieved cause of his long apprenticeship

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