Jasper Weekly Courier, Volume 48, Number 13, Jasper, Dubois County, 8 December 1905 — Page 6

PRESIDENTS

ANNUAL MESSAGE

TO CONGRESS

lnr. and of the need "f tMHMll and cauttoas action in aeearingi It I ti ull emphatically prntenl ni nnal Impropnh radical or hasiy actltatt. The first thin to do It to deal Vita tlM gfi '

atoms eng ig. .1 In the business erstate transportation v I said

Makes K v nmendations for What He Considers ImportAnt LegislattofV RAiLROAD RATES FIRST TOPIC Would Materially Increase the power ot Interstate commerce Commission, LIFE INSURANCE QUESTION

.hate and mots legislation I

enactment Into I a x secure to the Ki tnrnt such gajaorvil of the rates chargi of ths country enj traffic ah.ill BQi tu.lv nrex. nt t

.ir u

om.-

i last Ol' : i. ed, so ed. ta the s. he nie to

lg.x rn

ot

its of tilt

ion and refutation d by tlie railroad c.ge.l In Int ratet! inn in I and ROB mpo-.tion f unjust

xentinn natal v.oiat on of the law It JtwU not be necessary for thins to BSamino into the accounts ol any railroad unless lor good nMMH they were d. tided to do o i lli interstate mmnwar ommtsslon II ta greatly to be desired thai .nie say night Im found by which an agreement aa to transportation within a ata'.e Intended to ..p. rate as a fru -.1 n the t..l-rl tili i rue . mmeiec culd brought under the furi

form n Intereali St it. i policy a1 1 1 1 mercial tlotlll I i. i re

n of the vaat In Una country The

14 in Una reepoct liter nations ty

I nit

in - nit.. I

follow the pro Idlng

further tta alma W. civilised go eminent met cin.-nt. and that ii i an assured fact

nssume thst aU will siippott I ha the eon fOrenoe la 'I ii.- ir.o . rnrnent

aaste Good and Evil

Aaks for atious for

Labor Unions

Ininiediat AppropnPaunina Canal, and

Promiaea Report of Board of Engineers and Rocomm. udations La:-r- -Other Matters.

.si.. I I B sage of I

r 5 Tre ai cut. n.eeseveu was read in

c angress to-day. :e Lt.mv oi Ja,

It is a Juc-ar-d OOP

bot l houses 0 un t.: af act t:i .- k r rr.. leu. a;. T. eubj.-ct poratiocs. a;. tion. is the I pr. - .cm. an an. unt of at: general prop power of tha In connection

be say 8o long a th finances of tu nation re kept upon an b.nest basis, no oiher question f internal economy with tfhl h the c in ;reaa has the power to deal begins to approach In lmportar.ee the matter of endeavoring to secure proper Industrial eoniitiona under which the indlViduaU-

ar.-l -; i'. tr e nr.-

I to it he givts lbs greatest sntloa After teakiriB ot tbs MTU of the cou:.tr. urd lbs corporationa for gocd or cvl. with ths nation s prosperity.

1 -: Th. n pr I ot ml In the T:i th.- si H ( t)M bus' toform.

ly that it

a . - r

c I rp."ratlons

an interstate business are to act. akc" of our national constitution h1 especially that the regulation t - , c inn., r . sh'-j'.d c m w rhph era of the general g .wrnment. rumenta in favor of tsattf t.ik ng int wir - een then overwhelming, ey are far atronger to-day. In view enormous development of great as agencies, usually corporate in Bxpsrtamcs) has shwn lonrluatve-

to try to get any and supervision ot

the.e great corporations by attte. action. Such regulation and supervts.o:i can only be effectively egercied by a , nt sin m h jut ih.J ; tion :m coextsai ve with ths field -f work of the corporations that is. by tru national government. I bei. eve that thH regulation and SHWI rlaioa can be ilt. i r.ed by the enactment of law by the MSSSjaajajs, It thta proves impjaaibla. It will certairfly be necessary ultimately to infer in fullest form such power upon the national government by a proper amendment of the cuntlt.it...n It would obviously be unwise to endeavor to secura auch an amendment until It '.a certa.n that the result cannot be obtained un.lr the ronstttut.on as it now 1 The laws af the congress and of the several statea hitherto, aa passed upon by the courts, hav.- f suited more often in showing that th-- s'ates have ni power in the matter than that the national government h a

poaer. so that tlire at present exists a i-rv unfortunate condition of thlr.gs. ander which these great corporations doing an interst te business occupy the position of subjects without a sovereign, either any state government nor the national government having effective control over them Our ate.idy aim should be by legislation, cautiously and carefully undertaken, but resolutely persevered In. to assert th- -....re.gnty of the national government by affirmativ action Pr::.ent Laws Inadequate. It ha t.een a misfortune that the national laws on this subject hav h'.ther'o been of - negat.ve or prohibitive rather than in amrniitlve kind, and still m TS that they have in part SOUgfel to pf .hiblt wh i eaaM n t be atac lively prohibited, and have m part In their prohibitions eo-i'oinde. what hjti'd be allow-.l and what should BOt be allowed It Is generally uselesa to try" to prohibit all reatra.nt or. impetltton. whether this reatralnt e reasonable or unreasonable; and wbers - n t aaalaM It Is generally hurtful Bvaata have shown that It ' possible adeqaataiy to ee.-ure th en- r raaenl ..' law of this kind hv ln esar ippeal to the court- The iepartrcet of ju.tloe has for the last four ytr deotel more attention to the enIgavetnent of the antl-tr,i-t leglila'on than to nnvh'n rfag ü-ich has wen ae. ,rf- llsh .1 part.cutarf marke.j has been the ajMral elf of the proasaett t totU ; but It is in .-re.i.-inglv evident that there Will be a very In. uffl'-lent beneficial reult In the way of economic change. Th uccessful prosecution of one device to vi 1 the law Immediately develops anetlv T device to ac mp;..h the same purpose What I t. ceded is n t sweeping prohibition f eery arrangemen'. good or hod. whi' ti gaay tend to restrict comatltloa, but such adequate superviaton

and regulation as w.ll prevent any regrrl tkM af ompetlt on from elng to tne jai flgginf of the public aa well as euih supervision and regulation as will pre' rant other abuses in no way connected frltb restriction of teaapi,UUoa Of thr-a JSaaaa ajutbapi the chief, although by no gaaaaa the only one. Is o ver capital laattaw gaaataitf its. If the result of dishonest promotion- because of tiie mvrlad assfja II brings In its train; fur such overcapitalisation often means an Inflation that .nlte business panic; It always conceals the true relation of the profit arto d to the capital actually Invested, and it creates a burden of interest piym nti which la a fert.le cause of Improper redud. on In or limitation of wages; It damages the small Investor, discourage thrift, and encourages gambling and ape.-uiatlon; while perhaps worst of all Is the trtcklner anil dishonesty wh.oh it imp'. es -fur harm to morala Is worse than anv (loss iile lmrm to material Interesta, an I the debauchery of politics and business by great d honest corporationa Is far worse than any actual material evil they do the DU bile, t'ntil the national government obtains, In some manner whi h the wisdom of the congress may Bugged, proper control over the big orpo,ti"n nuired in Inter 'it,- r.immerc that Is. over the great majority of the big I orporatlons It will be Impossible to deal adequately with these evils. Railroad Rate Regulation. I am well aware of the difficulties syf tbs legislation that I am suggeat-

.reason. i ;. rates It must incliida

putt. tig a c.'inpli te atop t. :.(. itcs n (Ver) -.'nipe and form This power to regulate rates, like all similar psSWaM VST the buatness world, aliouid tie errelaad nrtth moderation eaaUeai and aelf-r straint. but it should .tt ao tl it it can he effectively t roladi w lo n the need arises The first ooaelsterattea to be kept I m mind ia that the power should be ; smriii itK - should ho given to some administrativ body creatd by I the ctngresa. If gl to the preaent lateratatc rsaameroa commission or to

a reorc.inixcd interstate commerce commission, such commission should be mad.- un. nv.-v-.tOy administrative. I ,i . n-'t believe in las gowerasaanl intrfet"iir with private business more than is to . , ss.rv I do n.'t believe In Ihr tf.oirnni. tit undertaking- anv work

vtiit'i cm with propriety be 1 f t in private haada. Hut neltlier do I be- ' Uev in the Km ernmnt fllnchinn from aeeraaelas anj w.rk when :t tconn evld nt that abuses are sure to obtain therein tinb'ss there Is government, i! super v laloa it la not my prov- ' ince t i indlcnte the exact terms of the : law which should be enacted; but I call the attention of the cniutr. ss to ! certain existing .-onditions with which ' It is desirable to deal In my judgment the most important provision which such law should contain g that i conferring upon some competent taV m.nistratlve body the power t i decide. tipo-i t!i" .-as.- (..:!. ' acht lef.re it. Whether a given rate prescribed by a i ral!road la If at Will and just, and If It Is found to '.. ison.able and I unjust, then, after full investig-otion ( of the complaint, to prescribe the limit of rate beyond which It hall not b I lawful to go the maximum r?ason- , able mte. aa It Is comm nly called ! this decision to co Into effect within a ! reasonable time and to obtain from I thence onward, subject to review by I the courts. It sometime happens at I present, not that a rate Is too h'eh but that a favored shipper is giv. n t o I low a rat.- In such case the commlsI slon would have the right to fix thia : already established minimum rs'o aa I the maximum, and It would need only

one or two sir r. Je.-isions nj inn commission to cure railroad companies of the practice of giving Improper minimum rates I call your attention to the fact that mv proposal is not to give the commission power to Initiate or original.- rates generally, hut to regulate a rate already fixed or originated by the roads, upon complaint and after Investigation. A h. aw penalty should be asactnal from any corporation which fails to respect an order of the . ommiss.on I rvarard thia pow-er to MtaMlah a mnxlmurn rate as being essential to any achagaa of real reform In the matter of railway regtltatloti The first nec.-sstty is to lire it and unless It is granted to the commission there la little use In touching the subject at all Rerntes Really Blackmail. I'legal transactions often occur under th- f .rrrtsi of law It has often oc-curr-I t h it a shipper has been told by a traffic officer to buy a large quantity of some commodity and than öfter It has been bought an open re

duction Is made In the rate to tike eff.et immediately, the arransremcnt resulting to the profit of the one shipper and the one railroad and to the dansags of all their competitors; for it must not be forgotten that the bic shinners are at least as much to

I blame a ny railroad In the matter I of rebites. The law should make it 'ole.-ir so that nobody can fall to underj st;nd thai anv kind of commission paid on fniarht shipments, wh. ..ter In

this form or In tan rorm or n.-imous damages or of a concession, a free pass, reduced pass nger rate, or payment of brokerage. Is Illegal It la worth while considering MaaOtaf it would not be wise to confer on th. government the rieht of civil action airatnst the beneficiary of a rebate for at last twice the value of the rebat -. this would h'lp stop what is r. ally blackmail. Klevator nllowancesi should be stopped, for they hn,' now afrown to su.h an ext.nt that they are demoralliing snd are used as rebates. Th" best possible regulation of rates Would of course, he that rearulatlon secured bv an honest agreement among the railroads themselves to carry out the law. Such a sreneral agreement would, for Instance, at once put a stop to the efforts of any on blsr shipper or big railroad to discriminate against or secure advantages o er soree rival; nnd such agreement would moke the rntlroada themselvea agents f ,r enfor-irig the law. The power vested in the gov. rnmnt to put a stop to agre.m.tits to t'ie detriment of the public should In my Judcrment bo nccompnnicd bt power to permit, under specified conditions .and careful supervision. agre-mc"ts irIv In the interest of the public Hut. In my Judgment the n natty for giving thla further power is by no means aa artent as the nee sslty for giving the commission or admlAlatratlve body t'e otl.r ro. r I have e an aerated ftbanre; and it may w-ii be inadvisable to attempt to v. st this particular power In the commission or other administrative h..dv until It already possess! snd Is exerclslnar what I record as by far the most Important . f all the powers I recommend as Iniasss the vitally Important power that to fix a irlven maximum rate. Mtn sift.-r the lit.-" of n reason

able time sroes into full eff to review by the courts. All privg c car lines. Indui refrigerator charges, and 1 1 I ... . - ..re-s'.v put 'inb r the

commerie

on of th i. Ml It occurs stdta tram, ons on pure!

fair I .; Iii

law I he ( to enforce trink lines

ih.it Urge nh.pment of are controlled by cm y state business, whi !i I l . .n aaaaiaa of the a Ian saouM have paftat re c m. nt t the gteat r.i. an. I branch lina

Immediate Action Urjred. I uru upon the . -ngress the need of providing for expeditious action by the interstate commerce . omni m in all these maller. Whether in regulating rates (or trän a pot tat. on or for storing or for handling property or ot inmodilies in transit. The history of the i.isea litigated under the p. .-nt commerce act r.hos that its efttcacy has b'-n to a great .!egre destroyed by the weapon of delay, i n. -: On- in tor.ii.il.ii..' neap .n in ths hands of those whose purpose it Is to violate the law The president asks for legislation compal ng r.iliroads to Install block stems or. their .ires, and also cal's the attention of congress to the excessive hours of labor

employes of the railroad 'ten subjected la. He ree

nter, i.l r i t rations II ut. n p.irtni. nt

through

r

in of

and M hi n i . . rciai .1

aHplaaaattfl

f

miss. on le appointed Uaatlttj with tr.eobf a law i W tu g the .e to ail lt.du&triea e federa: power. Question. treated of at conti this i or.nectlon the

train service

.orr.panles are orten i oaunenda that a cum t o s t u I y u f e m ' . i Je of the aanc'.nsent subject arJ aj al :ihin t: . - , of it. Tht Labor The labor uiiestion v.it r.iti.e .et;g' 1 at :

1 real ;. rt sa s: There has been demand for depriving courts of the pjwer to Issue Injunctions In labor disputes. Puch special l;m;tat n of the e juity powers of our courts would be most ur.wisV. It Is true that some Judges hac in Untead this powar but this Joes not jus:ify a denial of the power any more than an Improper exeriat of the power to call a slrlke by a labor leader would justify the denial of the riiiht to atr.ke The remedy la to renulate the procedure by reoulrlnR the .... , B;vs due n t.ce to the adverse part e b.-:..re gi mtit the writ, 'he hearing to be ex parte ;f the adverse part does t.ot appear at the time and place .... r. I W h .t is .lue notice must depend upon the facts of the case: it should not 'e us. I as a pretext to permit viola tie) of law. or the jecpar.liz ns of life or property. Of eeursa this would not authorize the Issuing of a nstra'.n'ng ..r.br

or Injunction in any case in which it is not already authorized by existing law I renew the re. ommcr.datlon I made a my last annual message for an investigation by the department of comnier. e and labor of general labor conditions, especial attention to be paid to the . onditions of child labor and child Iah r

legislation In th. ar. invest . gat . hi the various prob icet;on of child if true that the-. l!y met in most

. several states. Such hould toke Into account iem- w.th WhlOh the labor Is crnnected. It pr hlems can be actu-a-. . nlv by the atf's

1 1 lllBSlliaa. but it would ;e well for the nation to endeavor to secure and publish On prehensive informatl -n as to the condlt'or.s of the labor of children In the different sta'es. so as to spur up those that are behindhand, and to secure approximately un.form legislation of a h gh character am ng 'lie e.ra'. states. In - :'h a republic a ours the one thing il we cannot afford to neglect ia the problem of turning out decent cltlrens The future of the nation depends upon Iha cltlaensh p of the generations to

. me: the children of to-day are those who to-morrow w.ll shape the destiny if our land, and we cannot afford to negiert them The legislature of Colorado has recommerded that the national government pro-, j.le some genernl measure for the protection from abuse of ch.l Iren and dumb an tana il Ihl nathoill the I'nited States. I lav the matter before you for what I trust w.ll be your favorable consideration The department of commerce and lah r hould also make a IhOfWVndi investigation of the condlt ens of w mn In industry. Over .". Ameri.an w omn are now engaged In gainful occupation yet there Is an almost complete dearth of data upon which to hae any trustworthy conclusion' as regards a s- hje. t as important as It Is vast and complicated. Thare !s need -A full knowledge on which to base action looking t .ward täte and munnip.tl legislation for the protection of working women. Th Introduction of women Into Industry Is morklrg change and d:sturban. e in the domestic and social life of the nation The decrease In marriage, and especiiily ia the b.r h rae. has been .incident w th it. We must face accomplished fats, and the adjustment to factory condltlora must be made, but surely it can be ma le

with less fr:ct on and less harmful effects on family life than is now the case This whole matter In reality forms one of the greatest sociological phenomena t oir time: It Is a social question of he first Importance, of far greater Importance than any merely political or e. onom.c q ligation cm be. snd to solve it we nel ample lata, gathered In a sane sand sdentiftc spirit in the course of an exhaustive Investigation. In ceactadlng with the subject of labor th pr sMi nt aa) s : In any great labor disturbance not only are employer and rmpl e interest, d, but tl-o a il.i I part th. g. -.-ral public.

sabject I roada should

Table labor

itfl

dm-'ilty i: Is involved the governy reported to

Every onal h..-h .titer should be i ment and tl i he public

Equal Rights for All. The i i 4 n of se i.r.ng a healthy. - ' -r-; t, , .: ai.d mutually sympatbetb attitude as b tween employer and emi . e. ' I v. ig- worker. Is a

illnYeutf pr !)l-m Hut the

All

of The lr.ter-.tite or some similar b Wfn-enl pr.-. t -

rate and rates are r n and 1TI ennaa Iber prtnet pur -vi.es for

A r.-liate in . or In a dividing hat gag reha'e in any

I titled to a fa r an.i reasons ni I tion on their Investment, but vatc ars nor industrial rallr.. track should be utilised aa scouting preferential rales I l urg charges, or In mileage.

I slon of the rate for refrlg is lust aa pernicious as a

other way No lower rate should apply ' on goods Imported than actually obtains Ion dorn- t: goods fr m the Amer.can seabonrd to destination except in t.aes where water competition Is the controlling lehnen co, There should be publicity lof tha accounts of common carriers; no jromm-.n carrier engaged In Interstate I business should keep . ny books or memoranda other than thossp reported pursuant to law or regulation and these books r memoranda should be open to ' the inspection of the government only

In this way csn violations or evasions of the law I' surely deieeted. A system of examination of railroad accounts should be provide. l similar to that now condu. .1 Into the national banks by the bank examiners, a few first-class railroad go couuto nts If they had proper direct on and pr. per authority to nspect books and papers, could accomplish mm a in arc

fort

ud

phases of the lab r u)t when approached principles, the root

1ple, In u cortlance with which tha lein BUM be lv d are entirety slmWe ran g.-t J : und r.ght dealing if w- pit a . paramount tmporthe prtnc-ple of treating a man on vortii as a it. at. ra.h r than with cr.-e to hli sot :-ti poafttoa, his ecum. or the class ta which he belong-. I llsh at I brutal men in all a of o.e it ihey are capitalists

cl l.r.rality may take indifferent e to suffer-

' I regard of every moral rethlch la : -. s with th.- a. aaail wtalth and cold-blooded ex- . Of the weak: or. If they are th- form of autnem Ol sullen the more fortunate, and if willto perfoam deeds of murderous '. Conduct Is Just as repreIti one caae as in the other, and

all hi.t.e.t agsj fat oelng men should Join in warrig .iga.nst it wherever It befomos manifest Individual cap .talist nnd Individ aal wage worker corporation nnd union, ate sl.ke entitled to the protection of the law, and must alike obey the ,aw. The Insurance Scandal. On the subject of life insurance the president says rental events .nc emphasised the importance of early action looking to a solution of the subj. i t of some sort of control tra-. si., furnish better safeguarda than the several states have I n able to furnish agairat corruption of the flagrant kind Which has been exposed, and la thta leoj ijn he coattueao: 't is i.eed of a stricter and uni

, I si i . e cily

pat Th rat. the i he

ing. gr. traint i it ta 1 1 ploltatio l it or i -envy of laziness violence, hen - lata

ttie Mate .!- tta Inttui at

channels, to

.tt untust dt sc riail nation by roreign countries agmnvt American iaaurance eompaatoa ri.. e aagrotiatlong niustrat.d the propriety of the congress recognising t',.- national cbiri t. r of Insurance for tn the ibs. n e of federal leajlslatlon the state department coutd only give expression to I he wishes of the authorities of the aevei al states whose polio v was ineffective through want of uniformity. I repeat my pre . m recommend i Hon that the congress should also i-nn-aider whether the federal government baa any newer or swsi an duty with reaped to domeatic transactions in mauraaee af an interntats ehararU t. That slate super:sl.n has proved inndetpiate is generally conceded The burden upon ni-uranoe cmip nies, and therefore their policy holder of eontinting regulatlona of many stales. Is anoueetlnned while but little affective check is imposed up n any able and unscruptil'.'is nian who .l.-s r.s to exploit the coatpany tn his own Int.-r. i at the expenaa of the policy holdere and of th. public The Inability of a state to r. i-: it- effectively insurance anrpoi tttoaa created ander the laws of Other stat.-s and transacting the lar- r pirt of their auetnnna atsewbere is ;.:-. cl. i s a r. iv dy for this v. ii of contlictlng. Ineffective, and yet burdensome regulatlona there baa bona for many reara a wtdeeprend demand for federal supervision The congress has already recognlaed that Interstate Iaaurance may be a proper BUJect for fad era I legislation for In creating the bureau of corpora ' ions it aut h.irlxe.1 It to publish ami supply useful Information concerning Inters tats corporations. "Including! corporations enffaged In Insurance." " I ObtrlOOa thai if the compilation of statistics the limit of the federal power, it Is wholly IneffectlV to regulate thia form of commercial latercstsurte between the states, and as the Insurance busin. ss I- is outgrown In awgnltode the aos;i..:.t v of at 'ou.ate state supervision, the congress should carefully consider whether further legiotation cm ba had What is sail ahOVB applies with equal fore to fraternal

und benevolent orsr tix itions which contract for life Insurance

I nder the subject of rational revenues the president makes a p ea for the enactrr.er.t of reciprocal arrangements between this and othr ountrl-s but does not ux for any tariff legislation at the present time. In the same connection he asks for economy lr. a; pruprlatlons. Hush)s Methods sn Departmenfa. On the subject of "graft" in tta several neetrameot gepannaonta that has-e been under Investigation he sa At various tim.s I !:ii- laetltnted Inveatlgnttloaa into the organization and conduct of the business of the fUoeattro departmeata. While none of these InqurHea have yet progress, d far enough to warrant final conclusions, they have already confirm..! and cmphas z. d the general impression that the organization of th- lepartments is oft.n fa iity in principle and wasteful In r -suits, while many of their business methods are antlajuated nnd inefficient. There is every reaaon why our executive government il m.iohin.-ry should be at bast as weii planned. aoaaical and OtBetent as the best machinery of the srreat business organisatienn, whi-h at pr.sent la not the case. To make it so is t t isk .f compl"x detail m l -- aenttally axecutira In its nature; probably no legislative ho.lv n BanttCT how wtae and able, co'ild und- rt.tke it with reaaonahls prnnneet of so I recommend that the consrr. ss con sidr this aahjeet with a view to provide hy bufislation for the t r i n sf -r. distribution consolidation and nssignm nt of detleo and eneewtiea ..rcintxations or pirt- of orsramxations and for the changes in bneinena method i, within or between the several departments, that will best promote the

imy fr). -ncy and rug!, ctiaracter of the goorntnint w-ork Federal Elections. On the suhjs-c of federn! e-t nr. s re recomrren !s 0 at it be made un. awful for political parties to receive campaign o r -trlbutb.ns from the corporations, and also that It be made unlawful for corporations to give sut h cortrlbutiors. and In this connection he an s : Contributions by corporationa te any purp. is-- should be forbidden hv low; directors should not be p.-rmltted to use stockho'd- rs' money for such purposes: nnd. moreover, a prohibition of this kind would be. as far as it went. an aateetiva method of stopping; the evils aim-d al in corrupt practices acts Not only shout. 1 both the national and the several state legislatures forhld any offlc r of a corporation from using th- money of the corporation In or about any election, but they should also forbid such use af money In connection with any legislation Be VC bv the employment ..f .ouns. ! In public manner for distinctly leC i S.T- ees The Hague Canference. The Hague conference and the subject of arbitration apnerilly is tr. si I of at considerable length, and In this conn-ctlon an explanation is given of this gov. rnm nt's connection with to-coming-conference in the following words: The first lionfnrtaco of nations held at Th. Ilagi'" in l-.sj being unable t-. dopose of all th-- business bef .re It. recommended the consideration and aottlemenl of a number of Important questions by another coaforoaca to e called Bubee luently and at an nrly da'e The-e questions were the fo'.l.w.r.g. tl. The rights and duties of r rutrnlt; 2 the 1 mltation of the armes! for no on land and sea. and of military budgets; 3 the use Of new tvpes and oil. hers .f m I : cv and naval guns. 14) the Inviolability . f privat property at sea in tlms of war: (t the bombardment n? ports, i I and villages by naval forces. In October.

the Instance of the Ir.t.-rparlla-unlon. which, at a inference the üaUsd dtatei and attended

ar

il is

at ary in

m he

by the lawmakers of IS different nations, had reiterated the demand for a second conference of nations. I Issued Invitations to all the powers signatory la The Hague conversion lo send ille;.ates to such a i aferwnCS and suggest.. I that It be nc ti held at The Hague In its note of I -e-cemher It, l!)i. tha I'nitel States government communicated to the rprisen-a-tlves of foreign governments Its I ef that th- conference coatd b- best arranged under iha provisions of the present Hague treaty From all the powers a -. eptan. e waa receive.!, coupled in nme i. with the condition that we should wa.t until the and of the war then wag ng lxtwe. n Rusata tin ! Japan The ampen r of Ilusala, Immediately after the treaty of peace which so happily terminated this war. In a II )te presented to the pr lld nt on Sep-emhef Ut through Ambaaaad r Itoen, took the Initiative In reeo.nmr ndlng that the can fere n ,. be now . ilcd The In. red Htates government In reaponM lipi OBBOi its cordial Bcquleacerace and stated that It w til ), as a matter of courat, take nart ba the new con In re i vi and endeavor to

w.ll do averytblnd at its pwwsn i m. m the sin ce -a of the confer, tue tn the i-tid 'bat solist.ititi.il pr.gn-sn iiov b. made in the eanse of International peace, jusi " and good will in the cm : i lad af this subject he s a s 1 gave dwelt mtsOh Mi the danger to be a ootid by steering d.-ar of any mora foolish sentiment. ilit because mv wish for peace Is so gaftttlna and earn. st. because I baxe a real and gl. it deaire tiiat thia BOCOnd llane conference may mark a loan stride forward m tha direction of securing th.- peace of justice throughout the world No objacl is better wrorthy iha attention of enlightened ataiaewaaBhlp than the estaliliahmenl of a surer raethod thai now exists of s. curing luvt.,,, as betxvcetl nations both for the protection; of the uttta nnttena and for the prevention of war between tha

big nations To this nun we should i d savor not only to ax. it kdoodahod. but above all effectively to .-(! ngtlun the forces of right Th- Cold, ti Itule Should be. and as the world uroxvs In morality it will be. the guiding rule of conduct among nations aa among . individuals, though the Sölden Itule must not ba construed, 10 fantastic meaner as forMddiaal the eaerolge of the police power. This mighty and free republic should aver deal xvitii nil other states gr-at or small, on a basis of high honor, reepectlng their tights as jealously as it mfeguardo its J own t Th" Monroe ro. trine r.-.-eives li ngthy consul. .ration, as dOeO also the appeal of Santo Domingo for assista nee which the president I. loxes it is our duty to give. In treating of the subtect of tha army and aaey the president farora B change Ig the method Of promotion lie would promote officers on nurit instead of hv seniority, believing t tint tbla method would be conducive to btt. r efficiency than the one now In VOgUe He also recommends an In- i case in th i.ast artillery, the garr sonlnjr Of con-olerable bo. lies of , troops nt one place, nnd for an In- . is.' and reorganization of the mOsV i. t! service In both the urmy and nax y Naturalization Laws. Legislation tn line with tr- recomrr.c nda- i

ns of the ratura Irat ion tr.n.l-Mor

pointed bv the president ast Mat

asked for. These recommendations are given as follows: I'.r.-it A federal bureau of naturallzato le established In the departm-nt ' of commerce and labor, to sup. rv.se the administration of ths naturalisation laws and to receive returns of naturalisations pi I ng and a. unpliahed. econd. I'n.formity of naturalization certificates, fees to be charged, and pro- . .-lure. Third More exacting gualtficatl ns for t.renshlp Fourth. The preliminary declaration of I Intention to be abolished and no alien to ! naturalized until at least SJ days after i th-i tiling of his petition Fifth. Jurisdiction to naturalise aliens I to be confined to I'nited States district r;s and to such s'ate cour's as have ' jurisdiction In civil actions in which the amount la controversy unMmltods in ' cities of over l'Vi.OOO Inhabitants the t ri : . I S-.r - .! -trict courts to have ex

tra . I sdlctlon tn the naturaliaatt n of the alten residents of such cities. Public Land Laws. Reion.n.. latl SB fOf . hang s in the public land laws are made, and In thia connection the presi dent saa: The creation of small Irrigated farms ander the reclamation act is B powerful offs. t to the tendency of certain other laws to footer or permit monopoly of the land. I'nder that act the construction of great irrigation works has been pr.icee.iing rapidly and

successfully, the lands re. . timed are agerly taken up. and tto- prospect ft. at the policy of national irrigation will accomplish all that was xp. . ted of tt Is bright The act should be . xi tended to include the State of Texas The reclamation act derives much ' of Its value from the fact that it tends to secure the greatest posslbl- number of liom m on the land and to -rett.. commun.ti's of freeholdera, in part , bv settlement on public land. In part ! by forcing the subdivision of large i privtte ho',. lings bs-fora the) can pet '; water from government irrigation i works The law requir. s that no right to the us.- of xsat.-r for latnl in private ownership shall be sold for a tract gesedlug IM acres to any one land owner. This provision has excited active and powerful hostility, but the

success of the law Itself depends on the wise and firm enforce meat of It. We cannot afford to substitute tenants for freeholders on the public domain The greater part of the remaining ptiblic lands cannot lie Irrlgatid. They are at present and will probably al

ways be of greater value for graxing i ttian for any oth-r purpoo- This fact httg led to the graxing homestead of 1

10 acres In Nbraska and to the proposed extension of It tn other states I It Is argued that a family cannot be i 'ipperted on 160 acres of arid grazing

land Thia Is nhvioualv true; but neither can a family be supported on !

u res of much of th- land to which it is proposed to apply tin- grazing homestead. To establish universally any such arbitrary limit would be unWim it the present lime. It would probably result on the one hand In enlarging tb holding's of BOOBS of the gleet lontl owners, nnd on the other In n-elli as suffering and failure on the part of a very considerable proportion of tho bona gda Bettlers who glva faith to the Implied assurance of the government that BUCB an area Is BUfOOteUt Th- best tiv.. ,,f the public grazing" land, requires the . areftil examination and classification of these lands In order to give each settler land enough to support his family and no more While this wor'c Is b-lng Ion. nnd until the lands are settled, tto- government should take control of tha .p-n range, und. r t. leonobls regulation.! suited to local nredg following the general policy Rlrendy In suecessful -.p. ration on Iba f. r.st reaerrea It Is probable that the present erasing value of the ..pen public range Is acarcely more than half what It once w.,s or what II might Uy be again under careful regulation The Immigration Qu-stion. Several recommendations looking to rhaagaa in the pnsent Immlernritn laws are made, and he suggests that I'nited tat s govt rnment ng tits puss upon immigrants bef., re :hey leav e IhCir riHtlve siions for this country. H-niBon u n.. r.tls such changes in the laws as would nt work a hardship en the educated hlm-se coming Into ,r visiting this countrx. but without letting down the bars to ti e Chinese coolls labor, and In this connection hessxs: Hut in the effort to cam out the policy of xc. tiding Chinese le borer a Chiasmi cooiles. grave Injustice n I arreag have ben done by this nation to the people af China, and therefore ultimate t , thia nation Itself Chinese students business and profesalnna! men of ail kinds not oniy merchants, hut bankc-. a, . rs, rrnnufa -turers, professors, travelers and the like ahou.d be encourage.) g came here and treated on precisely the same footing that we tr. at students, business men. travelan nnd the Ilka of other nations. Our laws and treaties should be framed, not so aa to put these peop'o In the tgcentcd classes, but to state that ne will admit aii Chinese, extent 'hinese of the ceodO claa, Chinese skn.td or unskilled .aborers Tl Bra wwu.d

not be the least danger that any tl.i prf talon Buu.Jto... i ii .ii.. i ... i , law about .aii. rera In- mtii aedsr aa ColiülllonB. ba kept mil absolutely p ,. .' v i ten ire m i I thai beti a- d otntesy mi- shown as the) jiigt t i be aaewn, to other hlceae if iha , .

tn an of 1 1 i

ly is

taineu as aoo f atigg. ' . j ia ahou.d be comp. t.. al th ire from China For this pu il .) I e pi t '.. ! a u or..

CiiBaglgf service in Cblaa lhaa x hare The lanroprlations, b oahcei of th.. coaaulg gad for tie forces in tha cor.su. stea. ahou.d t creased Itnular Poiisesaions. He tteata at i ol HI. I. rub . . t , f Hons in the Pblllppii aa. and tt mi 1 1. a' ' I , oaatw le .aWs ,.f it,. States aa app. led tu the an t. .p. ig pended until July 1, I son He r. on the Inimidiate fort Itl.-at ion 0f Haw order to cot-serve the mti raeta -.f t Is try In the I'm. an.- 11. sjlao adoption of a gisiat ion Hal xxi...(. oonmr Amertcaa clttoenahlp on u. of I'orto Rice, and on tie gaoeral at of insular affaira aaa: I wish aiao to nail tie attention congress to one ju at ton which al'. i Insular possessions generally; nana, !. ! ..f an in i a s.'d il r ,i I: ,i, t , ment of t he who..- trai i l.tae qties' these Islands. In the proper desire t ' vent the ia.ands being exploited by ap. bant and ta have them ler p la the est of their own people at. .ir.u hi made tn refusing to grant suit! Is l eral terms to tnduic the Inveotnp Aaaerlcan capital m tbe Fhilipi nea i'orto Hico. Kloo ta bore In tis b have spoken strong ) against the je; of mere wealth, an i -; ot porate w.-aith aa such Hut It Is ar'. : r.gi. t labia to allow ggj an to be .. iped when we at.- dealing with our insular or with foreign a The big corporation baa achte V ant position in the buainaaa not . because It ta the most effective ir -'t In business compel it ion In forelgl we cannot afford to put our POOp i ll

advantage with their l a i way discriminating against tb

of our business organic. tiot s In 1 1 way we cannot sfTor 1 ro ..x it possessions lo iag behind in Indue! velopment from any twtati business aucress. It Is. of course, truism to sax that the burnt Mil ' the islands wi ott.x I v i t come the tinan. ia i ten Bl ..f s. n si del . lop them Yet this ev lepm a of the things most earr.s- t.. for in the interest of the Is an is tl so We have been paying all posslb the political and educational Intel the Islands, but. important though tl Je.-ts are. It Is n..t less Import II I Bhould favor their ladaatrtal : .e. The government run m certaii a this directly, as b bui.iit.g g. but the fundamental and rlta ! be gton through the development

Industri. s of the islands, and a most . lent mroni to this end is t, . n out ag American corporationa to start Indus in th. m and this n,. ans : it .k :: i tageous for them to do so T .imlt owtierahlp of mining (lalm.s as has done In the Philipp'.' BS -s absurd. In treating af Alasha ba asks -l a' territory be grat '.-.' a : i ' ; ' congress, and of the territories of l.orr.a. Indian trrltory. New Mexico Arizona he sax -

Statehood.

ti

ne ir

a- 1

1

IX

!' it WO

Admission to

I reoommenl 'hat Indian tet - r Ol.sriima be admitted as OB fcta' that N.-w Mexico and Arlsonn I- tt as one Staate There Is no obligation us to treat territorial subiilvisi r are matters of eeovei eOoe only, Ing us on the ques'ton of admlssi o. I -hood. Nothing has taken up n n the eonnress during the nam few than the question as to the stater., be granted to the four territories mentioned, and after carefi.. i OBBl lei of ail that has been developed in th cusslona of the qu s ton 1 recomm tu thev be immediately admitted as

states There Is no justification for further delay; and the adv.sabi.lt) of making tie four territories Into two states has been clearly aotabltahCd, In same of the terrttorb s -tc imo ri'ivs sssembiles Issue licenses for gambling. Tt a congress shouid by law f. I practice, the harmfu. results ufwi i ite obvious at a glare I The Panama Canal. He refers to the Panama canal, but aside from asking for an Immediate ai pr ; I itlon does not give any recommendations aa to other legislation at this time, but promises a later communication which shall contain the report of the board of engineers and his own C OCtlMloaa as t the tpe of canal On this subje. - ba saxs: Tha American people tr p. edged to tha speediest possible construction of a anal adequate to meet the demands who k IbC commerce of the world w:.. m is- , -n .:. and I appeal most aaraaatly lo the congress to aid In the fu'.tl .ment of tt e p.. :ge. Q ratifying progress has been mad- dum t the past year and Cape.' is. i during the past four months. The greater part of the necessary preliminary w .rk has ben dor. Actual work of excavation i ou.d be begun only on n limited sca.e till the Cuna. Zoo waa made a healthful place to live ir add to work in Th- ist! mus had to ba sat listed first This task haa been go then accomplished that jiiiot fever has virtually extirpate.? fr m the isthmus and general health conditions vast; unproved The same methods which converted the Island of Cuba from a pest hole, wh.cn menaced the health of the wor d. Into a healthful place of abode, have been apt on the lathmua with aatiafaetory results. There Is no reason to doubt that wt.n tha plans for wan r aufsply, paving nr. ! s- erage of Panama and Colon and tr. ars labor camps have been fu.ly earned out. the Isthmus will be. for the tropics ar. unusually healthy place of abode Th worll la so far advanced now that the health of all those employed In cann. work is ..- guarded as It Is on stmi.ar work in taiia country and i.- Bfbora In addition to sanitating the lathir.ua, satisfactory quarters ars being provited for employes and an adequate system Of Bopptytng them w-.th BhaleaocM iced at reasonable prices has been treated Ilosptta.s have been stab.lshed nnd OgnlppCd that are without superiors of their K.'d any where Tl a Bonntry has thus beCg made lit to work In. and provision has I MM made for the w f tra and comfort of tboaa who are to do the work Uuiing the past ear a large portion of the plant With which the work Is to be Jone has bed rdered It Is confident, x believed trat bT th middle of the approat hing ear a sufficient proportion of H is plant will na been Ir.stal'e.i to i-nab a DO to nsume ths work of excavation on a .arge scale What Is reeded now and without delay la an appropriation by the ongn-ss to meet the current and ar ruing expenses of the commission The first appropriation cf p) nnn.isto, out of the Si;:. .'. to mr ' by the Hpooner act. was made three yesre ago It is neariy t-xhausied Tl re IB barely enough of It remaining to carry the commission to the end of the year. I r. esa the congress shall appropriate before that time al. work must e ase To arrest progress for any length of time now. when mstters are advancing so satisfactorily W0UIO be deplorable. There will be no money s Ith which to meet pay -roil obligations and none with whl h 10 meet bills coming due for matet.nis and supplies; and there m Iii be demoralisation of the forces, here and on the Isthmus, now working so harmonlotis.r and effectively. If there Is delay In grant

ing an emergency appropriation

The message

ti,-n tnr ffrtnra a.feoiinte t.ro

- m a. ..rim.nl and a read

wum o i i . . i - - -. Justment of iheaa.ar) .1st of our dlp-üma o (bears

ntj B.. ww cioses with a recommeniaadeouate provision for thO