Jasper Weekly Courier, Volume 47, Number 13, Jasper, Dubois County, 9 December 1904 — Page 6

THE PRESIDENT

TO CONGRESS

Roosevelt Sends His Annual Message to Lawmakers.

MANY IMPORTANT SUBJECTS

tag of I IT y , sr. d of ' but of ca re at Ions relation

Uon IMI not for ons nfmni' ! mIt- I of a fee'ng of re sted Wag rfeasr hate an entire rigfa jar. mmm capit le organ ae and by all peace' d and h m -r- aUk; le.- ing

able mwiu U endeavor to persuade r fellow to Jota with :h. iu in .tuvimlions They have legal right, wlich. gccor ding to c'.r umatan es ma or may Dot b a moral right, to refuse to w m m company with nun who ii IttM 10 rt their tlMl VMS They hate under no circumstances the r.ght to c out Mil I olence up-n thoae, whether MgWtSllStl or wage-workers, who refuse to support their organisations, or who st.le h those with whom they are) at odd, for

mob rule is intoieraoie :n u:i i mi I earefi.. in

Employer a Liability Law. i ortent

T-.e itiir-irkrri sre I'.cul arly en- si" i

titled to the protection an J the eneour- I Tr

a cement of the law. from :he verv ra- tee p

ture of thir occupation railroad Men. for I sc

f are liable to be m i. med In J in the legitimate work of their profs sioa unless the railroad companies a

isll II") nt forbearta and wage Workt re gapaj t on tho part of hta of others, a feel-

nlty of interest, not i sir. Mg 1 1 " a ves. s among then m r ' wage w . rW i s tn their r, and of both la their I ewe who with them I

make up the body pttttl There are many j captains of industry. many abor .eaJere. ( who roa ite tl hi Bureau of Cot orations. Th bureau of corporators has msdn

iry Inveatlgati n of many i rations It will Mab s th leef Industry.

f the bureau is to accomplish if Its creation by cooperation.

nnected wltb :tr it ksa The lareer ohlema have been solved and it now

Pi

remains to ex and thorotighn been laid out being carefully

f r

cute with care. cconoMy pas the. Work wh h has All important detail ar con-.d ti d b ho.tids of ... . i . se'. .1 ' r their ledge and practical exuro Ii-. 't la taken up on

'ontpctent tn n and viewed Iwolnl of the creation of

! re- I f con- I i heen I talons

a curse to our gnven ir.ert; and It is the tbat sef respecting lust and far Sjsfaj affair of every honest voter, wherever born, nation si. I on the one bat.d i lo ee tl at M fratidtilet I voting Is a',. owed, by every means I aid In ike de- , Ht , that no fraud In connection with natural of th various movement v.l.. i ,t' isatlon Is l lltlsd provide subatltut for a.ir. Vhlsi , Katuialiutiou Laws Need Revision. , s M tl tens .

and of prOMP

tl

Sees bl Press i ok Nred for Leabor and Trust Leg is la t ton. NO WORD ABOUT TARIFF.

n . .r. ! by : i for their safer l ein tealous ir fT ;hla purp

-e

T. .nu That

law should be icd. Whsrsvf tas power there loyer a llab.l.ty to the g.ivern-

Leaves the Subject for a Special Message Which He Promises at a Later Date.

bona i.o.m! Itetnlta from the Work of the Agricultural llrparimralUotliue Our Helailoua milh Foreign l uunlrlri and Ith the Philippine -I ran Need of Adequate gyeayl r or. r l.uaranter of Peace wad Aaka tSM Itetltlua of luinitli atlua Ian a

WMhington, Dec 5 President Roosuvelt s annual message to cougrss makes some lS.OtX) words, la vc-ci-rdance with esubüshed custom considerable apace is devoted to a relume of the vear in the administrative departments of the government, but much of the message is given up to a discussion of those subjects which are considered of vital interest to the nation, and upon n.auy of which he deens legislation needed. It Is this portion of the message whkh we give btiow.

nate an J II uft of I

sr.ou.a oe a r.rujfent era law. which should apply

rr.tT.t .:- . where th goernment is an employer of labor. In my message to tho Fifty-seventh LUiia,! MS. at its second eosaton. I urged the passage of an employer's liability law tot th D I trie of Columbia. I now renew that riH-mmendition, and further recommmd that the congress appoint a commiss.on to make a comprehensive study of employer's liability with the view of esr.nJ.ng ths provisions of a great and constitutional law to all employment within the scope of federal

, power. Medals of Honor. The government has recognised hero.sm upon the water, and bOtOW medals of honor upon those persons who by extreme and heroic daring have en-lnnaxred I the.r Uvea In saving, or cr.Jtav.rr.g to save, lives from the perils of the sea in the waters over Which the I'nlted State , has Juris!. ct. on. or upon an American I vssel. Th.s recognition should be ea- ' tended to cover cases of conspicuous bravery and self-sacrifice in the saving of life in private employments under th Jurisdiction of the i nited States, and part: ular y tn the land commerco of th

Prevention of Railroad Accidents. The ever-Increasing casualty Mat up n cur railroad la a matter of urave p'ib.lc

legislation, not destructive pr- e utlon. the Immediate object of Its Inoulrf; by

eorservatUe Investigation of law and fact. ar.J by refusal to Uaue IncOMPlOM and 1 hcc tail rlTj Inaccurate report It ' policy being thus one of open inquiry Into, i and not attack upon, bua ness. ti e bureau has been able to gain not only the conn- , Je: ce. but. better Still, th cooperation of j n engaged in legitimate business. The bureau offer to the congress the means of getting at the cost of production f our various great stap es if coMmer.e. j Of necessity tt.e careful Investigation of special corporate s will afford ÜM commissioner krowle'te f certain business ,

I w : t rriKht te an err.et.t of private right, r.uklr g I 1' le the reau'.ls itioi s at? r Is, under th : the protection of privat - ... I ave all facta im i stve to another cor- . which ;. i Injure liBosa sf a competitor a r.d itlv fvr M I loail sups-

facts, the pub Improper Infi Tie rretr. J of these Invt law, a means right. The except such a poratlcn irf the legitimate destroy tt.e li riorit) ar.J U The bureau examinations

der which corporate bus.: on In the various states, I decisions on the subject;

has nlo made exhaustive

prosp roua nun funding lo the

struct: ti the reclamation a found to be remarkably eompl fe. ' e an 1 . 1 1 m

that a wide ramce of undertakings ha tieen possible under It. At the same time, onomy la guaranteed by the fact that the funds m it all ';. be returned to be used swat avals Forests. It Is the ear I nnclple of the fontreserve policy of this admin tr.ti ,n that the r. -lives are fur use hat v.-r interferes with the 'i of their resCUTOM Is to be avoldevl by every jiosslhle means. Hut these resource must be u J in sui h a way as to make them permanent. The forest policy of the K"ernment is Just now a subject ,f VtVM pitbtlo Interest througliaut the we.-t and t I the people of in I'nlted States in general The forest reserves themselves are of extreme value to the present as well as to the future welfare of all the western public-land states Thev powerfully affect the use and disposal of the publ.c lands. They are pf sp- il Imp r- i it e because they preserve the water supply and tha supply of timber for domestic purposes, and so promote settlement under the reclamation art Imbed, they sre essential to the w.lfare of every one of the great Interests of the west Although th wisdom of creating forest reserves Is nearly everywheie h-art-ily recognised, yet in a tew localltlSS there has been nr.sun ieratand.ng and

There should be a . mprel . i l e tevlsi.'ti of the naturalisation .a s. '1 i.e eoui is having power to naturallae shoula be definitely named by national authority . the testimony upon I.Ich naturalisation may be conferred should be definite.) preactib J, pub.uatioit of impending natura. Hat. ou applications should be required in advance of their hearing In court, tie form and wording of all certltltates issued should be uniform throughout the country, and the atarta should be re. julied to make leturns to tiie secretary of täte at sta ssj period of all caiura.isu tlons conferred. Nut on.y are tho lawa relating to naturalisation now defective, but those le.ating to citlsenship of the I'nittd

l' i II respotlkUe t o t te geln-i ., .. Ment of human and clti.ised mark and on the other Land, that It si .. prepared, while scrupu.ous a, wrongdoing Itself. Is fpsl nj wrong Iu rit i ptlonal casea to taka a n

! In a nor advanc d stake ,f li twri .

retutloiis would cine uadt r th h exercise of the inter:. atiwnal pu.i. e t, r at f I e. , . , . , , w . s It t ! ... , mankind not to sink into hi . ..., fore the powers of eeti. Second HitKtie Conference. We are In every way ei. !i , g 0 on. with OOrdaSl good ITlll, Orj I w hich win tend to bring us Into men I

ly relations wlih the reM .f mu

Status onttht alao to be made the subject

of sclent. tic Inquiry with a view to prob- ' pursuance of this policy 1 ai.a.

able lurthT sSglllstttlB Hy what acts1 before the senate triatna of espairlat.on may be assumed to have with all pjavrs Which are ml been act utnpllshed. how long nn Amer- ' Into these treaties Ith ua It Kan citirin may reside abroad and re- I slble at this period of the w..i ! SSttrS the protection of our pass-port, ! ment to SgTOS to arb. träte a., tr

whether any degree of protection should there are many matters of p

be extended to one who has made tho

declarat.on of intention to become a clllsen of the I nited States but has not secured naturalisation, are ij :-.. in of serious Import, involving personal rights

ence between us and other nations ah

can be thus arbitrated Kuiti. n. , the request of the Intetpar.i union, an eminent body con p sed of pi

thai stat sn. en from all count ins.

and often producing friction let ween this aaked tho powers to j in with this g

Into th

londitlon uness to carried ito all Jud.clal and into th

To the s. Uvea: Th w-rthy prt course pru ual arcra? get.'. er wit but an im working o mental po

y note-

Bdl prosperity is of to the high inJivldt.senahip. taster, tot natural resources, rto there. n Is the cont.nued governpeople have em

phatically expressed their approval of the principles underlying these policies, and their des. re that theae principles bo kept substantially unchanged, although f course applied tn a progreaaive spirit to meet changing cond.tions. Caution Against Extravagance. The enlargement of scope of the functions of tho national government required by our deveiopt. nt aa a nation involves, f course, increase of expense, and the period of ptsspt rtty through which the country Is passing Justifies expenditures for permanent Improvements far greater than would be wise In hard times. Battleships and forts public but. dings, and Improved waterways are Investment which should be made when we have the money, but abundant revenues and a large surplus always invite extravagance, and constant care should be taken to guard against unnecessary Increase of the ordinary espenes of government. The ost of d mg governmi r.t bostaMSS should be reg .li ted with the ar..e rigid scrutiny aa the caat of do.ng a pr.vate business Capital and Labor. In the vast and C implicated mechanism Sf our modern civilised life the d m :. ar.t note Is the note of Industrialism, and the relations of cap.tal and labor, and espe ia..j of organised capita at. 1 ot i'.ised labor, to each other and to the public at large ccme second In Imp-nance only to the intimate questions of family life Our peculiar f,rm of governmer.-. wltb its sharp dlvmion of author. ty between the rat. on arid the several states has been on the wh : far more advantageous to our development than a more strongly central'xeJ government. But It Is undoubtedly responsible for much of the difficulty of meeting w.th adequate legislation the new problems presented by the total change in industr.al conditions on this continen' during the last haif-century. In actual practice It has proved exceedingly difficult, and In many cases impossible, to get unan.mlty of wise action among the various Mates on these subjects From the very nature ot the case this is especially true of the laws affecting the employment of capital In huare masses. With regsrd to lsbor the problem la no lea Important, but it is simpler As ling as the states ret an the primary ccntrol

of the pol.- p'iwer the circumstances Must be altogether extreme which require interference by the federal author- ; ttie. whether in the wsy of safeguarding the rights of labor or in the way of seeing that wrong is not dene by unruly pt--ons who shield themselves behind the name of labor. If there la resistance to the federal courts, interference with the ma. la. or Interstate commerce, or molestation of federal property, or If the state authorities in a'jme crisis which they are unable to f - call , for help, then the federal government may interfere, but though such Interference may be caused by a condition of things arising out of trouble connected with some quest on of lab ay, the interference itself s.m; ly takes the form of restoring order w.thout regard to the questions which have caused the breath of order for to keep order is a primary

various ayatems of corporato tat. '.on In use. I call special attention to the report of tho chief of the bureau; and I earnestly ask that the congress carefully consider the report and recommendations of the commissioner on this subjeet. The bua.aesa of Insurance vitally affects the great mass of the people cf the I'nlted States and la national and not

local In its application. It involves a I multitude of transactions among the peoI pie of th different states and between

v ca"s for action bv ! American comp.. - ! foreign goern-

e matter of speed and ments. I urge th tt the c.ngress care-

r... ads tuny cons.oer inn:er row i"'t' ui ,u those of ! bureau of corporations cannot constitu

tionally be cxrenaea xo cover interstate '.rati . Ions in i - n Rebates. Above 11 else, we must strive to keep the h.ghwsys of commerce open to all on

equal terms: and to do this it la necessary to put a complete stop to all re- ! bates. Whether the fhipper or the rall- . road Is to blame makes no difference. : the rebate must be stopped, the abuses cf the private car and private terminal-

owing statement is

rt

complaint The

therefore desirable: The foreut reserve policy can ceasful only when .t has the full

of the people of the west. It cannot safely, and should not In any case, bo imposed upon them against their aiH But neither can we accept the views of

rr.fort of rni.way travel our cive at '.east as good service t

other nation, and there is no reason - hy thia service should not a:so be as saf as human ingenuity can make It Many of our leading roada have been foremost to the adoption of th most approved safeguards for the protection of trave.ers and employes, yet the list of clearly avolJab'. accUsantl continues unduly largo. Tie passage of a law requiring the adoption of a alack signal system has been proposed to the coraress I earnestly concur In

gow riimeiit and foreign g . ei ntnent

Yet upon thrso questions our laws are silent. I recommend that an exam.uat u be made Into the subjects of citixenship. expatriation and proteetton of Aun'Mcans abroad, with a view to appropriate legislation. Protection of Elections. The power of the government to pro

tect the lnlegr.ty of the elections of Its 1 own officials is inherent and has been recognised and affirmed by repeated .It .trat. on of the supieine court. There is no enemy of free government more dangeroua and none ao lnsidiuua aa the corruption of the electorate. No one delends or excuses corruption, and it would MSM to follow that none wjuld oppose v.k-urouj measures to er.idleate It 1

those whose only inleres: in the f r. -t is recommnd the enactment of a law dl-

temp rary; who are anx.ous to reap what reeled attains! br.bery and corruption In they have not sown and then move away, federal elections. The details of such a leaving desolation behind them. On the : law- may be safely left to the wise dlaft ury, it Is everywhere and always ere: Ion ot the congress, but It should go UM interest of the permanent settler and j as far as under the constitution it Is pos- 1 the permanent bus nesa man the man I slble to go. and should Include severe j with a stake In the country, which must J penalt.es against hlrn who g.ves or rebe considered and which must docld. ot via a br.te Inn tided to Influence his I have repeatedly called attention to act or opinion as an elector, and prothe confusion which exists In govern- vis. ns for the pshllcstl not only of ment forest matters because the work is ; the expenditure for nominations and scattered among three independent or- j elections of nil candidates but also of pan rations. The I'nlted States Is the ail contr. buttons received and expendlonly or.e of the great nations in which turea made by pol.t.ral committees

the forest work cf the government is not

concentrated under one department, in consonance with the plainest dictates of good administration and common stnse. The present arrangement is bad from

every prnt of view. l

Our Foreign Policy. In treating of our f rein potlSP and of he attitude that this great nation should um in the world at large. It is ahoiutely necessary to consider the army

that recommendation, and wou.l a. so point out to the congress the urgent need of leels atlon In the Interest ef the public

safety limiting the hours of labor for rail- I unlawful for any person or corpora

employes in train service upon rail- to offer, grant, give, solicit, acceri

trak and s'.de-tra

Stoppt l and the le eighth congress wl

ems must be n of the Ftftyclarea tt to be

nt. on

or

it is to prove that It should be terminal- n'1 ,h navy, and the conjtr. t.- .ih ed at Sa As I have repeatedly rOOOM- wMels the thought of the nation flnda Its mended, all the forest work of th gov- expression, should keep ever vividly In ernment should be concentrated in the m.nd the fundamental fact that il is lm-

det.aetmer- of acrtcalture where the Possioie to tr a our tore.gtt toi .

receive any rebate, concession or discrimination in respect of the transportation of any property in interstate or foreign commerce whereby such property shall

pubLshed by the carrier ruut be en

forced For s -me time after the enact-

rcaJ employi

roada engaged in Interstate commerce, end providing that only trained and experienced persons be employel In posltlüra of rennralhl'ltv --ir r - ? .1 with the rTrt.OB

- '..iJ'. rte t.r nntrinv r- ever by any device whatever be transported at

- - --1 w v., m. v.k. a less rat than that named In the tariffs

ness or mis -nnduct ; ar.d there should be

u asi.e I .1 Bi.nieui iur kjjj . k i . . m -in- i - ploy whether officer or man. who by Issu- of regulate commerce It ance of wr ng orders or by disobedience remained a mooted question whether that of orders causes disaster. Th law cf MM. I conferred upon the interstate com-

l--.-'-e ra 'roads to make iNmnMi .(,..,....

monthly reports of all accidents to passengers and err. p. o es on duty, should also b amended so as to empower the government m fraki itfrinMl tn vent !r tlon thruih

..HI. r,m.r. f -:i rrldents lr.volvln The supreme court

li Wywf a s. - , w we

loss tioc

larger part of that w rk ' slrtady done.

where practically all of the trained formers of the government are employed, where chiefly In Washing. on there is comprehensive first-hand knowledge of the problems of the reserves acquired on the ground, where ail preblema relating to growth from the soil are already

ment to a aecord Hague conference, at

which It la hoped that the work allwSdj la happily begun ut The Hague may ! rled some steps further toward comp . This carries out tl.e !es u- . . lbs first Hague conference Its. II The Monroe Doctrine. In asserting the Monroe Io. 1 1 :.e r Ir.g such steps aa we have taken in rWgai . Cuba. Venezuela and Panama, and it: deavorirg to circumscribe tl.e theater f war tn the far east, and to a cure 1 1 door to China, we have acted in Interest as well as in the Interest of I Hy at large. There are. howeer. nsst which, wt.i.e our own interests sre r greatly Involved, strung appeal is sag I our sympathies Ordinarily It is very n wiser and more useful for us to SOI ourselves with striving for our own n - and material betterment here at pogM ll to concern ourse.ves wl h trj i: g the condition of things tn ott or nations We have pnty of sins of our own to a against and under ordinary ilrcums'a: we can do more for the general uplifting of humanity by striving with heart and a ... to put a stop to civic corruption, to bruta. lawieasness and violent race prej here at home tLan by passing resoiutu i . about wrongdoing elsewhere. Never t!. less there are occasional crimes comm.: on so vast a scale and of such pecu.iar horror as to make us doubt whether It is a t our manifest duty to endeavor at least I show our disapproval cf the deed and our sympathy with those who have Buffered by It. The caaea must be extreme in which such a course Is Justifiab.e There must be no effort made to remove the mote fron, our brother's eye if we refuse to remo'. the beam from our own Hut In extn -cases action may be Justifiable and pro; ei What form the action shall take must depend upon the circumstances of the ess that la, upon the degree of the atrocity an upon our power to remedy It. The ras. 1

mSthr t h rut i.-v tnlfj h.tro In the

effort to secure justice for other or 1 Justice for ourselves, save as conditioned

! upon th attitude we are willing to take I in which we could Interfere by force toward our army, and especially toward arms aa we Interfered to put a stop t I our navy. It Is not merely unwise. It is tolerable conditions in Cuba are nx I contemptible, for a nation, as for an to- : sarily very few Tet It to not to be ex;

dividual, to use h.gh sounding language that a people like ours, which in sp

gathered, and where all ISM sciences to proclaim Its purposea. or to take post

per officers, of ail accidents ir.vo.v.ng ;: of life which seem to require tnves lsa- question In the r.ejrativ so that with a requirement that the reeu.ts J Uw MW tands the comm.sslon

of such Investigation be made put. lc.

The safety appliance law. as amer. del by

r.aa proved tene-

es and tn order ue proper. y asrrtl 1

duty snd to a ti lence sll other an BS until order the Diatrict of C rit-orles th fades field of governm

of disorder and vlotions s.nk into abeyM been restored. In mbla and In the terlaw covers the entire . but the labor ques-

tt n Is only acute in populous center of

Co-nmerce, manufactures or mining. Nevertheless, both In the enactment and In the enforcement of law the federal g- vernanent wlth.n Its restricted sphere should set an example to the state governments, especially in a matter so vital aa this affecting labor I believe that under modern Industrial conditions It Is often necessary, and even where not re, e.s ry It Is yet often wise, that there should be organisation of labor in order better to secure the rights of the Individual wage-worker. All encouragement should be given tn any auch organisation, so long a it la conducted with a duo and decent regard for the rights of o-hers There are m this country acme labor unions wh. h have habitually, and other labor union which have often, been among the most effective agents In worklns for good citlsenship and for uplilting the cotidition ef those whose welfare should be closest to our hearts But when any labor union seeks Improper ends, or seks to achieve proper ends by Improper means, all guod c.ttrens and mote ...p. .ally all honorable public servants m it oppose the wrongdoing as rcMoIuteey as they would oppose the wrongdotr.g of any great corporation. Of S4 -r iBsf tiolence. brutrlity or corrup

tee act cf March J. 1?

ficial to railway em; tnat Its prov.sior.s rray

out, the force of ir.si e tors pr . i . r r t y appropriation shou.d re largely increased. Th.s servl.e is analogous to the steamboat Inspection service, ar.d deals with ever, more Important Interests. It ha passed th experimental stage ar.d demonstrated Its utl.ity, and should receive generou recognition by it congreaa Unions of Government Employes. There Is no obJoctl ,n to errp oyea .f the government forming or l- 'r.girg to unions, but the government I in r either discriminate for nor discriminate against nonunion men who are Ir. Its employ ment. or who seek to bo employed uro.'er It. Moreover. It Is a very grave Impropriety for gv ernment SMpli es to band themselves together for the purpose of extorting Improperly high salar.es from the government Especially Is this true of those within the classified service The letter carriers, both municipal and rural, are as n whole an exce.ient body of public servants. They shou.d be amply paid But their payment must be obtained by arguing their claims fairly and honorably before the congress, and not by banding together for the defeat of those congressmen who refuse to give promises which they cannot In conscience give. The administration has already taken steps to prevent sn 1 punish abuses of this nature, but it will be wis for th congress to supplement this action by .eglslstion. Corporation. Wren we BSwM to deal with great cor-

poratlona the need for the government to get directly is far greater than in thecae of labor, because great corporations can become such only by engaging in interstate commerce, and interstate enmmer-e is peculiarly the field of the general government It Is an absurdity to expert to elim

inate the abusea In great corporations by ata'e action It 1 difficult to be patient with an argument that su h matters should be left to th states, because more than or.e stale pursues the policy of creating on easy terms corporations which are never operated within that state at ail. but tn other states whose laws they ignore. The national government alore ear. deal adequately with these great corporations To try to deal with them in an Intemperate, destructive or demagogic spirit would. In all probability, mean that nothing whatever would bo accomp.lshed, and with absolute certainty that If anything were accomplished It would be of a harmful nature The American people need to continue to show the very qualities that they have ahown that is. moderation, good sense, the earnest desire to avoid doing any damage, and yet the quiet determination to proceed, step by step, without halt and without hurry. In eliminating or at leas. In minimising whatever of mischief or of evil there Is to Interstate commerce la the eonduct of great corporations They are act

ing In no spirit of hosthlty to wealth either Individual or corporate They are not against the rich man any more than against the poor man Or. the cor i rary, they are friendly alike toward rk h man ad toward poor man. provided only that each arts In a spirit of Justice and decency toward his fellows. Great corporations are necessary and only men of great and aingular mentsj power can rr.vage surh corporations successfully and such men must have great rewards Hut these corporations shou. J Le rraraged wltb due regard IS Interest of tl e publl- ss a whole Where this can be done under the present laws il most be done Where :i- ost . . n,e short others should be enacted to supplement them Tet we must never forsjet -hr determining fsetor In every kind of w rk, of hesd or l.ar I. must be th man's own good sense, courage ar.d kindliness More Important than any iegia.ation is th gradual growth

found n challenged rate to be unreasonable, to declare what thereafter should, prima fade, be the reasonable maximum rste for the transportation la dispute.

y resoiveo tnat

as the simply

possess tnc bar power to

' particular rate as unreasonable. While I am of th opinion that at present it ! would be undesirable, if it were not impracticable, finally to clothe the commission with general authority to fin railroad rates, I do believe that, as a fair security to shippers, tho commission should be vested with the power, where a given rate ha been chalenged snd after full hcar.ng found to be unreasonable, to decide, subject to Judicial rev.ew. what shall be a reasonable rats to J take Its place; the ruling of the comI mlsston to take effect Immediately, and to obtain unless and until It is reversed by the court of rev.ew. The government must In lncreas.ng degree supervise and . regulate the workings of the railways 1 engaged in Interstate commerce; and such I Increased supervision is the on.y alternative to sn increase of the present evils ! on the one hand or a still more radical ' policy on th other. In my Judgment the most Important legislative act now need- ' ed as regards the regulation of corporations 1 this act to confer on the interstste commerce commission the power to

rev'se rates and regulations, the revised : rate to at once go Into effect, and to stay In effect unleos and until the court of review reverses ;L

Department of AgTlcultum. Th department of agriculture has grown. Into an educational Institution with a faculty of 2.W specialists mak ng research Into all the aciencea of production. The congress spproprlatea. dlrect'y and Indirect. , I6.0UÖ.0CO snnuaily to carry on this work It reaches every state sr.d territory to the union and the is. an is of the sea lately eome under our flag Cori era tlon Is bad with the state esperim-nt stations, snd with msny other Institutions and lndlldusis The world is carefully searched f. r new varieties of grains, fruits, grasses, vegetables, trees and shrubs, suitable to varloua localities In our country . and marked benefit to our producers has resulted. The acMvltles of our age In ilree of research hsve reached the tillers of the s i. and Inspired them with smbit.or. to kr.ow mar of th principles that g wW the forces of nature with which they have to deal. Nearly half of th people cf this country devote their energies to growing things from the soil. Until a recent date lltti has been done to prepare th'se millions for their life work. In most lines of human activity college tralred men are the leaders The f.mmer haJ to opportunity for special training until the congress made provision for It 40 year ago. During these y ears progress has been mad and teachers have been prepare 1 Over S.tOO students are in alter, lau. eat our slat agricultural co. leges The federal government expends I10.0S8.0W annually toward thia education and for research in Washington and to the several sta and territories The department of agriculture haa given faclittlea for post-graduate work to MO young men durlrg the ,ast seven years. i preparing them for advanced lli.es of work j to the department and In the state Institutions

Irrigation. During the two and s half years tbat have elap d since the passage of the reclamation act rapid progress has been made in the surveys and examinations of

n in the I the arid

aux.i.ary to forestry are at hand for

prompt and effective cooperation. The Postal Service. In the pest office department the service has Increased in efficiency, and conditions as to revenue and expenditure continue satisfactory The increase of revenue during the year was .8.lal 10. or II per cent., the total receipts amounting to $143.1;.(II 24 The expenditures were SU X2.UC 70 an Increase of about nine per rent over ti e previous year, being thus t.tt. 42.3 In excess of the current revenue Included in these expenditures was a total appropriation of tltsK.W 35 for the continuation and extension of the rural free delivery service, which was an increase of N.wff.aTf-M over the amount expen'ed for this purpose In the preceding fiscal year. Large as this expenditure has been, the herefi ent results attained in extending the free distribution of mal.s to the residents of rural districts have Juifiej the wisdom cf the outlay. Statistics brought down to the 1st cf Octo-

t on that date tl re were

her. 1S04. show th J7.1M rural rout proximately 13 trlcts remote fr there were per. J Uon for th ea routes, t'nijies

general increase in re

bltshed. serving sp- ' people in rural d last efflces. and that that time J.si9 petltment of new rural y s. rr.e part of the eelpts Is due to th

Increased postal facilities which the rural

service has affnr.i 1 Tie revenues have also been aided greatly by amendments In , the classification of mail matter, and the j curtal.ment of abuses of the second-class j mailing privilege The average Increase In I tbe volume cf mall matter for th period ! beginning with 1S03 and endirg June. 1905 (that portion for 19u& being estimated), is

40.47 per cent . as compared with 25 44 per cent, for the period Immediately preceding and 15 9S for the four-year period Immediately preceding that National Quarantine Law. It 1 desirable to enact a proper national quarantine law. It Is most undesirable that a state should on Its own Initiative enforce quarantine regulations which are to effect a restriction upon interstate snd International commerce. Tt.e question

should properly be sssumed by the govern

tions which are r.diculoua If unsupported

I by potentlsJ force, and then to refuse to I provide this force If there is no tnteni t;on of providing and of keeping tbe , force neceaaaxy to back up a strong attltude. then It is far better not to aasume such an atutude. Striving for World Peace, The steady aim of thia nation, as of all enlightened nations, should be to s'rlve ' to bring ever nearer the day when there , shall prevail throughout the world the i peace of Justice. There are kinds of peace which sre h.ghly undesirable, whi.h are in the I. ng t un as destructive ' as any war. Tyrants and oppressors have many times msde a w.lderneas and called It peace Many times peoples who were slothful or timid or shortsighted, who had been enervated by ease or by luxury, or m.sled by false teachings, have shrunk In unmanly fashion fr .m d.'ing duty that was stern and that needed self-sacrifice, and have sought to hide I from their own minds their shortcomtngs, their Ignoble motives, by calling them love of peace The peace of tyrannous terror, the peace of craven weak- ; ness. the peace of Injustice, all these ' should be shunned as we shun unrightsous war. The goal to set before us ss a nation, th goal which should be set before ail mankind. Is the attainment of tbe peace of Justice, of the peace which . comes when each nation Is not merely : safe-guarded In Its own rights, but ! scrupulously recognizes and performs its duty toward others. Generally peace tells

for righteousness, but If there is conflict

certain very obvious shortcomings.

theless as a whole shows by Its consist -practice its belief In the principles of . and religious liberty snd of order. y free dorn, s people among whom even the crime, like the crime of lynching, is M If more than sporadic, so that tndivl lua.a si i not classes are molested In their fw mental rights It is inevitable that a . I nation should desire eagerly to give expression to lis horror on sn occasion Ufa " it of the massacre of the Jews In KlshlnefT f when It witnesses such systematic a: 4 long-extended cruelty and oppression s the crue.ty and oppression of which tr Armenians have been th victims which have won for them the Indict, pity of tbe civilised world. The Philippines, In the PT.il pplne Islands there Ssj t : during the paat year a contlnua' f the steady progress which has obtained ever since our troops definitely r tt upper hand of the Insurgents. The 1 Ipplne people, or, to speak more s ately, the many tribes, and even t I sundered from one another more or t sharply, who go to make up the M . of the Philippine talands, contain manyelement of good, and some StMei s which we have a right to hope atari 1 I r progress. At present they are ul Incapable of existing In independm -e at all or of building up a clvtllsat on ti e r own. I Irmly believe that we a help them to rise higher and high' r n the scale of civilisation and of caps Ity for self-government, and I mos sarnestly hope that in the end they will b si

to stand, if not entirely alone, yet

between in two. men our leauy i uu mm gurh reUtlon t0 ,n. Uggtad Its first to the cause of righteousness Un- I M Cub4 now ,tAnlJ. Thls end Is r. t

rglifous wars are common, ana unrighteous peace Is rare; but both should be ahunned. Tbe right of freedom and the responsibility for the exercise ot tbat right cannot be divorced. Ono of our great poets has well and finely said that freed .m is not a gift tbat tarries long In the hands of cowards Neither does It tarry long In the hands of those too slothful, too dishonest or too unintelligent to exerclae it. The eternal vigilance who. Is the pr.ee of liberty must be ex

ercised, aomet.mts to guard against out

In sight, and It may be indefinitely pott poned If our people are foolish enough I i turn the attention of the Filipinos a from the problems of achieving and material prosperity, of working a stable, orderly and Just governm- n' and toward foolish and dangerous trlgues for a complete Independence for which they are as yet totally unfit. On the other band our people .at keep a'eadlly before their minds tfa ' I that the Justification for our stay in I

Philippines must ultimately rest cnieny

ment alone The surgeon genera; cf the side foes, although of courss far more , upon tne g()od we ar abi lo j0 tn

tn opportunities for r U states and three terri

west. Construe gun on the lar of the Irrtest lor Ing completed f Its the funds n tlons are be.ng matlon service, le-ted thro-rfh examinations

Ion has already been betest and most Important works, snd plans are ber works which will util- ) w ava ilsble The opera -earrlbd on by the rerlaa corps of engineers se'ompetitlv elvll-ervr This corps Includ-a x-

per'en. ed consult. ng and constructing engineer ss well aa vsrious experts tn me. hanlcal and legal matters, and to composed largely of men who have spent most sf their Uvea la practical affair

national public health and marine hospital

service has repeated. y and convincingly Ml forth the asai for such cgis.ation Currency. The attention of the ccneress xhculd le esperiaily given to the currency question, ar.d that the standing corr.mirees on the matter tn the two houses charged with the duty, take up the mat'er of our currency and see whether It is not possible to secure an agreement to the business world for bettering the sysem. the committees shou.d consider the question of the retirement of the greenbacks and the proh'em of securing In our currency auch elasticity as Is c insistent with safety Every sliver dollar should be made by law redeemable is go.d at the option of the holder Merchant Marine. I especially commend to your lirrretlate attention the encouragement of our merchant marine by appropriate legislation Tariff. On the tariff I sha.. communicate with you later. Immigration and Naturalisation. There is no darger of having too many Immigrants of the right kind It makes no difference from what country they come. If they sre sound tn body and in mind, and. above all. If they are of rood character, so that we can rest assured that their children and grandchildren will be worthy fe -low cttlxens of .r ' ii-n at 1 arar.d

children, then we should welcome them j with cordial hospitality. But the citizenship of this country should not bey debased It is vitsl thst we should ' keep high th standard of weii-ieing among our wage workers, and therefor 1 we should not admit masses nf n Ml whose ' tar.o'ards cf living ar.d whose p rsonal cus1 toms snd habits sre such that they tend to j lower the level of the Amen an Wag workI er; and above all. we should not admit any J man of an unworthy type, any man eonj eernlng whom we can say that c will him

self be a bsd nUSSrn, or that l is l.lidren and grandchl.dren Will detra. t frcm Instead of adding lo the sum of (fa good citlsenship of the country. Hlmliar.y we shou d : ike the greatest rsre hnut naturalisation. Fraudulent naturalisation.

often to guard against our own selfish ,an(jg i j0 not overlook the fact that or IhoughtleM abort, omlngt i ln th. d-velonment of our Interests in

Not Ready for Disarmament. the Pacific ocean and along Ita coasts. If these self gsMaat truths sre kept b the Philippines have played and will ptey fore us. and only if they aieo kept before an Important part, and that our int.r. " us we shall have a clear idea of what our j have been served In more than one way foreign policy tn Its Isrger asi-ei ts should 1 by the possession of th Islands. But our be It Is our duty to remember that a na- chief reason for continuing to hold to m lion has no mors right to do injustice to must be that we ought to good fern ar.o-her nation, strong or weak, than an i to try to do our share of the wor..: i Individual ha to do injustlc to another work, and this particular piece of Individual; thst the same moral law applies j has been Imposed upon us by th resuia In one rase as In ti e other Mut w tn .st ' ot wr wl h Plna.i r' member that It Is a much the duty ' For Elective Qovernment. of the nt! as to guard Its own rights and j Within two years we shall be tfytSg Its own Interests ss it Is the duty of th th experiment of nn leUv lower todlvldssal S t 4r Within the nation the house ln the Philippine legislature. It .. has now delegated this right may bo that the Filipinos will misuse IS lb state that Is. to the representative this legislature, and they certainly will of sll tie todlvtdoala, and It la a maxim misuse It If they are misled by foolNh of ti e .aw that for every wrong there Is a persons here at home Into starting sn fy Hut In international law we have ; agitation for their own Independence or n" advanced by any means as far as we into any factious or Improper action to have advamed in municipal law There such case they will do themselves no is as et no Judicial way of enforcing a risht ; good and will stop for th Urn belns all tn Internationa! law When one nation . further effort to advance them and give wrongs another or wrongs many others, them a greater share In their own govts no tribunal before which the wrong- j ernmen'. But If they act with wisdom d er ran be brought Either It is necessary , and self-restraint, If they ahow thst trr supinely to acquiesce to the wrong, and j are capable of electing a legislature thus put a premium upon brutality and , which in Ita turn Is capable of taklnf agsressb n. or lse it Is necessary for th ; sane and efficient pert In the actual work aggrieved nation va.lantly to stand up fur i of government, they can rest assJ"d Its rights 1'nti: some method Is devised j thst a full and Increasing measure of

bv who h there shall be a deK'ee of Inter- rrrnsnit'on will be ariven them A"01'

national control over offending nations, all thev should remember that

It would be a wi kc d thing for the most

elvi lis 1 powers, for those with most set se of Irrerrntional obligations and with keenest and most generous appreciation of the differ, nee between right and wrong, to disarm If the great civilised nations of the pr- ent day should completely disarm, th result wou.d mem an Immediate reerudesio ru e of barbarism In or.e form r un-o-I nder any circumstances a sum(ienl armament would have to le kept up to serve the purp' srs of It ternHtlons. p lice; and until lnt rnatlonal cohesion and the ir re of International duties and rights are fur more advanced than at present, a nation desirous both of securing respect for Itself and of dnlrg good to others must have a fores adequate for the work which

It feels Is allotted to It as Its part of the

h -SAura.toatlon of improper persons. Is sobers; world duty Therefor It follows

th'ir

prime needs are moral and Industrlsl. n 1 political. It ts a good thing to try tn experiment of giving them a legislature, but It Is a far better thing to iv ' 1 schools, good roads, railroads which enable them to get their products to market, honest courts, sn honest and effl i constabulary, and all thst tends to ; dure order, pi see. fair dealing as fat nesa man and man, and habits of totell Kn industry and thrift. If they are Sir guarded against oppression. snd If their re wants, material and spin; si. are itud:TL Int. Illgently snd to a spirit of 'rl',(' svmpafhy. much more good will fa done them than by any effort to glvs political power, though thia effort aSBP In its own pre per tim and place proper enough . ,, THEODORE RooSSVaU.-