Jasper Weekly Courier, Volume 45, Number 13, Jasper, Dubois County, 5 December 1902 — Page 6

ROOSEVELT TO CONGRESS His Annual Communication Upon Questions of Importance to the Nation. VIEWS ON THE TRVSTS AND TARIFF A Loweria of Import Duties Would Not Remedy the fcvils of Monopoly Believes in a Tariff Commission Much That Is Good in Labor Unions and Corporations -Many Needs of the Nation.

To the Beut tu! House of Itcpre IIVVS W v 01 ti ue ir, it peril if of Pwrlty. Thi pro? (writ) e ot 1'. but undoubted.!) ti we work have I i ii.. r.g the coi.."tlons otbic. and by uui.t legis easy Tough lo ilwiry un doubt cdily be period of ur.tMium.t J pr not tl i :i , ,11 the Uti unde instrumental i hi. i, n ,;, 11 a tier, it won It. Thtre nil uepression Tr.e . in- ncict, dui the tide nil! advar.ee This nation Is scaled on a continent flacked by t w u ur- ,t . ,-r..r.. It I idmposn! of men the descendant of pioneer, or In a unit, pior.ee-rs themselves; of mm winnowed out trom among the r.atioRa : the oil? wor.d by the energy, boldness, and love of adventure found In their own eager hearts. Huch a ration, ao I- 1 : w. 1 surely wr si ucfiss tr m fortune. A a people we have played a large port tr. the world, and we arc- b-nt ujhh making our future even larger than the pat. It partlcui ir. the ever.U of fr.e tast fouryeors have d. finitely decided that, for ace or for meal, our place mutt be gresat among - r i r - We max e-l'.her f-i:. gr-a:ly or succeed greatly; but we cat. no: avoid the er.cfeaver from which either re.it failure or great success mutt come. Kver. If we wmu'. we carrot play a small palt. If we should try. all that would lo'.iow would be that we si. .ui. j. '.ay a large part Ignobly and shamefully. t nine of Prosperity. No country has ever occupied a higher plane of material well-being than ours at the pr sent moment. Thla well-being I- -lue to no sudden or accidental causes, but to ilie pay of the economic forces In th ... vountry for over a century; to ur law., our auatalned and continuous policies, above all. to the high Individual average of our citizenship. Great fortunes have be-en won bv those who wive taken the lead in thai phenomenal mlustrlal development, and moat ol tho-e fortunes have been won not by doing evil, but as an incident to action wh:ch ha- benefited the community aa a whole. Never before has material well-being be n so widely diffused among our people tlreat fortunes have been accumulated and yet in the aggregate these fortunes are small Indeed when compared to the wealth of the people as a whole The plain people are better Off than they have ever been before. The insurance companies, which are practically mutual benefit societies especially helpful to men of moderate m.ane represent accumulation of capital which sri anions the l.trg.st In this country There are more deposits in the savings banks, more owners of farms, more weltpaid wage workers In this country now than ever before In our history. Of course, when the conditions have favored the growth of so much that was good. they nave also favored somewhat the growth of what waa evil. It Is eminently necessary that w should endeavor to cut out this evil, but let us keen a due sense of proportion: let us not In fixing- our gate upon tlie leaser evil forge; the greater good The evils are real and some of thorn are menacing, hut they are the outgrowth, not of m!ery or decadence, but of prosperity of the "progress of our gitrant'o Industrial development. This Industrial development must not he lw ke.l rut side by side with It should -n su'h proifre've regulation a w'll dlmlntb the erlta We should fall In our dnte if we d'd not try to remedy the evil, but we shall succeed only If we proceed patiently, with practical common nse as well aa resolution, separating the good from the bad and holding on to the former while endeavoring to get nd of the latter run TIM TS. They ( mn he I onir lied Duly by alliinsl trtlnn. In my message to the present contress t Its Mrst session 1 dlsousscd at length i he suestloil of the regulation of those t ir corporations commonly doing an Interstate business, often with some tendency to monopoly, wh.ch are popularly known as tr'ists. The exjwrlence of .he l - t vear ha.- impha m it, l . n.y iipintor.. the desirability of the steps I then proisosed. A fundamental requisite of M'i-tai efficiency is a high standard -of Individual energy and cx.rllince; but 'this at in no wise Inconsistent with powii to H' t in combination for aims whi' h . 'mot so well be arhlevcii by the Individual acting alone A fundamental base oi e-ivihzation is the Inviolability ol property, but this is In no wise Inconsistent with the right of society to regUiSte the exercise of tht artificial powers which it confers upon the owners of properly, unrt r the name of corporate franchises. In such a way as to prevent the misuse of the-e powers Corporations, and ep--rlally combinations of corporation, should be manaae-u ii"der public regulation Kxpor.en"' has sh wn that undermir lysiem of government the necessary supervisb n cannot be obtalnd lv state action It must therefore be ai hleved i.y national action Our aim Is not to do tsay w;ih orporat!on; on the contrary, theff big aggregations are an inevitable deveiopno -it of modern liMtuetHaHann, at..i h . fTurt to destroy them woul-l I futile nnb ss .r, ot -;ili-ll-d !n wtv lh it Wn 1 1 I work the tSMWt mlschlet to tli entire body politic We -an do nothing of go- ri In the way of re-gulating and sujervlstnir lhe-c e()rMrat:i)ns until we lis clearly In our mlndH that we are not atta k ng the . i prporations. but 'ndeavriring to do nwny Vith tny evil in them We are not hostile to them; W" are meretv eletermlned that Ih'y shall be so hnndl1 ns to subserve the public good. We draw the line against misconduct, not against wealth. The capitalist who. alone or In conjunction with his fellows, performs some great Industrial feat by which he wins IWO Wet is a wollrtoer. not a wrongdoer. irrovloed oilv he woiks In proper and egitlmale lines We wish to favor sue-h g man when he tfotf well We wish to evipervise and control his actions only to pre vent hirr from doing ill PtiMicltv e-ii do no harm to the honest corporation; and we need not be overtsndetr shout sparing the dishonest corporation. 1bI : erelse irr. In curbing ard regulating the rombir.atlons of capital which are or may become Ii Jurlous to the pub.W- we must he careful in i to stop the ajreat enterprise which le.vi legitimately reduced the cost of trorNiction, rot 'o abandon the place nie h our country has won in t he leadership of the International Industrial world, not to e trtke dow r, wealt h with the result of i lusti g factories and mines, of turning the wage-worker Idle in the streets and leaving Iba farmir withmit msrket fnrwli.it he grows Insistence upon the impossible means reiay in ae nuving tne possible, exai II rs. or the ether hand, tne stubborn - drferse alike of what 1 good sr.d what is bad Ir. the exlstit gt st, m. ih'e resolute f. fort tu ob "rui-t ii) ittempi bet term i t betrays bllrtafnct in the hlstorl truth that Wise ( vol ui lor Is t he sure safegu.i rd against reveilutior. . No more Impur ant subject car. come before thi i 'hat 1 1, ..' si., r. gul i t of il ..V'e buslnes TI cannot afford to sit supine or the plea that sseider our peculiar system of government We are help'.es in the pressure of the r.ew e ur.dltlons. ard ur able to grappl. with them in cut out wjejt' V i tvll has arisen Ic nnnectton st t h. m Thi i .er nf t he i orgress to regulate Interstate e-ommeroe I- ar. sbseilutc ar.c! ureiuallfled grant, and without limitations otneg thar. thore pre scribed by the roraatitutlon. The congress ha ronsfitutlnnal ainhorltj in nuke all 'is- necessary ard proper' for .terutlrg this power, and I am setlitWd 'hat th! fn.wef has not heer exhausted bv atv leg. i I'm now on i bt Matute hn.,k. it v. 't' .ter't,-. . eV'.i terti ijve of

I commercial freedom entailing restraint upon rational cumt.ierce fall within the I regulative power of the congress, and that rawis. ard reasonable law would beaneteesarv ar.d proper exercise of congressional i author;t to the et...' that auch tvtls should i be era.bo a : id. 1 believe that n. i rollet, unjust dicrlm. nations, which prevent or cripple I competition. frauJu.it.t overcapitalisation. and other evila in trust orgs:. is itiona and I practices which Injuriously affect Interstate trade can be pr ver ted under the powr of the congress to regulate commerce

wun loreigr. nations sr.cJ among the sevenal states ' through regulations and requirement operating directly upon such commerce, the Instrumentalltie thereof, end those engaged therein 1 earnestly recommend this subject to the consideration ol the , run-, u I irUa i to the passage of a law reasonable in its provisions and effective in its operations. : upon which the questions car. be finally ! adjudicated that now raise doubts as to , the necessity of cor stltutional amendment. ; If It prove impossible to accomplish the i purposes above set forth by such h law. ; then, assuredly, we should not shrink from amercing tne constitution so as to secure beyond peradvmture the power sought. THK TAR IKK. It la a ul.Jeel Tbalülandi Apart f rota the Trusts. One proposition tdvocated has been the reduction of the tariff as a means of reachingthe v:.s of the trusts which fall within the category 1 have described Not merrly would this be wholly Intffectlve. but the diversion of our efforts In such a direction would mean the abandonment of all InWllIgeiM attempt to do away with these evils. Many of the '.argest corporations, many of those which should certainly be Included in any proper scheme of rtgu.atlon. would not be affected In the slightest degree by a change In the tariff, save aa such change Interfered with the general prosperity of the country. The or .y relation of the tariff to big corpora-t.or-a as a whole is that the tariff makes manufactures profitable, aid the tariff remedy proposed would be ir. effect simply to make manufactures unpiofltable. To remove the tariff as a punltlv. measure directed against trusts would it tvitabiy resUit in ruin to the weaker comieWtors who are struggling against them. Our aim should be not by unwise tariff changes to give foreign products the advartage over dVimestlc products, but by proper regulation to give domestic competition a fair chance; and this end cannot be reached bi any tariff changes which would anVct unfavorably ali domestic competitors, good and bad alike. The question of regulation of the trusts starda apart from the oueatlon of tariff revision. Stability of economic policy must alway be the prime ec inognlc reetfof this country This stablHty should not b fossllisatlor. The country has acquiesced In the wisdom of the protee t'.ve-tarlff principle. It Is mce tSlngly ur. ii'.-irah e !;.t -his s. m shouid be destroyed or that tfiere should b violent and radical changes therein. Our past experience shows that great prorperUy In this country has alwas come under a protective tariff, and that the country carrot prosper under fitful tariff changes at short intervals. Mrenvr. If the tar'fT laws o a whoie work well, ant? If hu!res nast pro-percci untrer tr.em ard is i arc is pro-per-for a ftme. t fert-t tetter to endure for a tin-tnconve-nier.ces and Inequalities In font" schedules than to unset buslneso by to . qu.rk ard too radical changes It is most grgtst.v to he wished that we tould treat the tariff f ropi the star.c'r jlnt roltly of our burar.ess needs. It Is. perhaps, too much to hope that I ': ! rr.av-b. .o-l, cluc'ed frori con slCt ration of the subject but at least It car. h made secor.'.iry to the business Interests of the c urtrv hals, to the Interests of our people as a whole H9? ';V these bus're- ir.t, rests I will best be rved If together with rlxi'v I of principle as regards the tar'fT we ccmi bine a s tem which will permit us from i time to time to make the reromrv rean- ; pilr-atlor. of the principle to the shift 'ng r.ai Mona reede. We must take scmpulous care that the reappllcatlon shall be made In such a way that It wiM rot amount to a dislocation .if our system the mere threat of which .no: to speak of the pe rfornvtrce) would produce peralvsis In -he tiuslnees energies of the -ommun!ty Th. first eogMderatlog in makir g thee rhsr.gee w ,uld. of course, be to preserve the crlnclp.e which underlies our w hole tariff sys- ' tcm-th.it Is. the prln.ripie of putting American 'U'lres. interests at least on a rati citua.ity with Intereeti abroad1 ard of always a., owing a ufnclent rate of dutv to more than cowl . ' IT--. to be-we- i.The ebor ' o-t J.-n at...' abn, id Th. w, ,-be -ing of the wage-worker. like the well-being of the tiller of the soil, should be treated as an essential fg shaping our whole economic pe,.ky. There mtit never be anv ( hange wh.ch will Jeopardise the standard of comfort, the standard of wages of the Amern an wage-w.rk.r One way In which the readjustment sought an he ramebed is by reciprocity treaties. It Is greatly to be desired that I such treatie s may l- adopted Thev cm be use'd to widen our markets and to I give a greater tl, 1.1 for the activities of our producers on the one hand, and on the other to secure In pi,,, ileal sh ,.. tlC lowering of duties when thi-. ar. no longer needed for protection among our own people, or when the minimum of damage done may be disregarded for the sAke of the maximum of good a. , ontplished If it prove Impossible to ratify th- pending treaties, and if ther. rn to be no warrant for the endeavor a execute others, or to amend the pending treaties so th.-'t they can be ratified, then the same end - to secure reciprocity should be me t by direct l-g;la tion. eeel e,f n Tariff I omni I I cm. Wherever the :arifr MMfetftttotUI nr suck that a iieeele,) .hinge cannot with advantage he mil. by the application of the reciprocity Idea, then It can be made outright by a lowering of dut es on a given pr.. lo t. If poslbler- such hange i should be made only after the fullest onstderatlon by practical Slpetll. ehe should approach the subject from a business standpoint, hav.ng in v.cw both the particular interests affected ami th. omni rcial well-being of the people as a whole The mai hlnery for providing such careful Invest. gallon can read;lv lie suppiled. The executive department has gL rest dB at its durposal methods of . oiici tIsig facts and figures; and If th' eonirr s desires additional conslderat on to that which will be givi n the subject by 1 its own committees, then a commissi Ott of InislnesH ixperts can be appointed w nose uuiy it sneuiiii to r commend tlon by th' congress ,,fter dellbeimta and scientific examination of the vurioua s hedules as tin am affected by the rhangid and changing ondlftons The unherrled and unbiased report of this COlUmiSSlOII would show what -hange I be made In the varloi - sched lies, and how far lh-se changes could go Without also .hanging th. great pros-p.-ilty which this country is now enjoyice or upsetting its tixe.i economic policy. The rases in which the tariff can produce a monopoly are so few as to constitute an Inconsiderable factor In the question; but of course If In any case ' I " 1" Hid that a ci . n rate Of dutv lo -s promoti a monopol) whi.h w .rklll. no prote i tlonlst would object to en h realm tlon of the duty as would equalise i ornpef itlon In m Judgment, the tariff on nnthrse'te eoal should N removed an-l smthracite put actually, where It now Is nominally, on the free list This would have no effect st all ae u U,.t In

erlesg it might be of service to the pegNeeded rtaasiclal leg isla 1 1 us. Int.- rates are a potent factor IB busiix iciivlty, and lo ord r thai the se rate ii av te eiiualUeii lo meet the varying needs of the seasons end of widely separe d coaaMunitissi, and to prevent the recurrence of tu imial atringencira which injuriously gffoet legitimate business. It Is necessary that th. re should be an .-le nient et vUattciii in oar uioiiet.tr system. Hanks are the natural servants o commerce and upon them should iplaced, s far as practicable, the bur.l. n ot furnishing and maintaining a circulation adequate lo supply the needs of our .1 wr- ..-.I induu.s and of our do mestl und foreign inmin.-ri-e. and the Issue ol this should be se regulated that a sufficient supply should be always available for the business Interests of the country. It w. both unw and unneces sary -t this time to attempt to reconstruct our financial st.m. which his be'ii the growth of a century; but some additional leglslutin Is. 1 think, desirable. The mu r. Mitline of any plan sufficiently . owwprebenalve to meet these requirements would transgress the appropriatelimits of this communication. It Is suggested, however, that nil future legisiatU.n on the subtect should he w th the view nf encouraging the use if such instrumentalities u- will automatically supply cv.rv legitimate demand of prolint. v.- industries and of commerce, not only In the amount, but in the charact. r of circulation: and of making nil kinds of

money inier-hang-able. and. at t lie w ill of th. holder convertible into the estubgoid standard, 11-1.. .! Tin: i. limit i in'in l m. t'aioiilsiii ( oiiianis Uueh That l.s (.nod and tome Had. Ilow to secure fair treatment alike for labor and for cap tal, how to h Id tn check the u:. scrupulous man. whether eniploy.-r or employe, without w ak mug Individual Initiativ.-, without hampering and cramping the Industrial development Of the country. Is a problem fraught w.th great lilfliculties ami one which it is of the highest importance to solve on llneg oi sanity und far-aigfatad common sense as well as of devotion to the right. This Is an era of federation and combination. Exactly as business men find they must often work through corporations, and as It ia a constant ten.lency of these corporations to grow larger, ao It Is often necessary for laboring men to work in federations, and these have become Important factors of modern industrial life. Both kinds of federation, capitalistic and labor, can do much good, and as a necessary corollary they ego both dp evil. Opposition to each kind of organ fa tlon should take Um rorm of opposition to whatever la bad in the conduct of any given corporation or union not oi attacks upon corporations as such nor upon unions ns such; for some of the m st : :-r aching beneficent work for our people has been accomplished through both corporations and unions. Back must refrain from arbitrary or tyrannous Interference with the rights of others Organlred capital and organised labor alike should remember that In the long run 'he interest of each must be brought into harmony with the Interest of the general public; and the conduct of each must conform to the fundamental rules of obedience to the law, of In! vidua! ; freedom, and of lustlce and fair (tea og I toward all. Karh should remember that In addition to power It must strive after the real'iatlon of healthy, lofty and generous Ideals. Eve-ry emv'ovor. every wage worker, must be guaranteed his , liberty and his right to do as he likes with his property or hts labor so long i as he does not infringe upon r) . hts of others. It Is of the highest importance that employer and emplove alike should endeavor to appreciate each the viewpoint of the other and th sure disaster that will come upon both In the long run If either grows to take as habitual an attitude of sour hostility nn! distrust toward the othir. Few people deserve bettet of the country than those represenrntives both of capital ntnl labor and there are many such-who work eontlnuallv to bring about a good understanding of thl kind. h.-.sei upon wisdom and upon broad and kindly sympathy between employers and employed. Above all. we need to remember that an-- k n I of class anlmos.tr 'n the polltlrai world Is. If possible, ever more wirke. even more destructive o national welfare, than sectional, rr.ee or religious animosity c an get rood government onlv upon condition that we keep true to the prlnr'ples noon which this nation was founded, and Jude ea-h man no ns a Part nf a ! but upon hi- Individual merits All that we have a right to ask nf any man. r'. -h or por. whateve' h!a creed, his occup.it'on. his b'r'hplaee, or h's residence is that he shall act well and honortblv bv his neigh DOT and bv h's country We are ne'ther for the rich man a such nor for the poor man sis such: we are for the rprlgh man rich or poor P" far aa the constitutional power of the nnt onnl governm.nf touch these matters of oneral nnd vital moment to the nation, they should be exercised In conformity with the prlnr'ples ahove set forth. Been m me nils llepsrlmrnl f Tomtit e ree. It Is earnestly hfipeef that a seer- tary of ' commerce may be treated, with a stat Ir, the c-lnr.et. Tu, tip...' n.u.t pic a lion of questions ane.t;ng la cor ar.c c ap;t a ;. the grow th ant? comp.exlty of the orgar izatlocs ino.1) o" me uigar zaiion) , 1 ' 1 b T i: if i an., ,4 r.0W i. the steady trrxer.cy to through whit n find expression w I 'ii; no i t ot i .in cue corporations. an.! the wonderful strides of this country t s . I. aC. rs t Ip in H e international business world Justify an urgent demand for the creation of sich a position. Bubstantlaily all the leac.r g commercial bodies Ir. this country hav. ut .see? in rtqucstlng Its creation. It is desirable that some such measure as that which has already passed Lhe senate be enacted into law The creaPon f such a departmert would In Itself be an advance toward dealing w.th .,n xi rci:r g supervision over the whole subje t of the great cups, rations doing a i lrtertste business: and with this et t Ir. v..-. the ror.gr. -s should t ' the department with large powers, which could be ii.. reased us .xperiera; m.ght show I .. ; d CI It HUe ll'HIK ITV. President Insists the Island should Hate I nneiil 'ratlna. I hope soon to l u s to the senate a reciprocity treaty with Cuba. On Ma ao last the 1 rlted States kpt it promise to the Island b j formally vacating Cuban soli and turning Cuba over to those whom her own people had chosen as the-first officials of the new nepub.ie. Cuba lies at our doors, and whatever affects l.er for good or for ill affects us also. 80 much have our people fett this that In the Piatt amendment we definitely took the ground '.hat Cuba must here alter have closer political relations with us than with any other power. Thus In a sense Cuba ha become a part of our In terr.atlor al polltnei sstrm. Tr's makes It rect ssoiry that in return she should be giver s. me of 1 . b. r . 'its -,f becoming part of our e. o1 stale ss;e-m. It is. from our own standis. Int. a short-ttghted and mischievous policy lo fail to recognise this need. Moreover. It Is urworthy of a might) ar.d generous ration. Itself the greatest and most successful republic In history, to refuse to stretch mit a helping hand tn a young and weak 1 :. r republic Just erterlng upon Its care, r ol independence We should alw.av fe,ri.sly i-l-t upon our rights ir. the face of the strong. ar.f we should with ut.gt .jf'g': g t ird do i.ur,Ki . ruis r lev the weak I urge the adoption of re Iproclty with Cuba rot only because It Is rmineptly for our ow 1 nt ri sta to control the Cuban n arket and by every means to foster our supremacy :t. t h tropical lands and waters - uih ol us but akin b. cause we. of the "i s. public of the north, should make sll our sister nations of the American continent f 1 that whenever the y wl l p. mil it we ('. re to show oiirselve- disinterested at ! . ff'M tlvelj ; h. Ir friend. I ii leena 1 lima I t rhl I rat Inn. Ai ca lastlon tsrrw. warfare becomes less an I les the normal condition of f. reim. n: ,tions The last century has -"ii iMisisI dim 1 n ui inn of wars between civilised powers wars with uncivilised powers are largely mere matters of international police duty, essential for the welfare of the worll. Wherever po--Ibii. arbitration or snirs similar method hnulel I e , mpinyed In lieu of war to settle difficulties hetwtin clvll'.ted nations, although as )et the worlt? has not progressed "iifTii iitsit to rer.d'T . possible, er n sees. rl v di Ira ble. to invoke arbitration tn every t use The formation of the Internat l ., tribunal -shlch sits at The H 11 an event of go-d omen from whli h gteat eonsetiences for the eel fare of all mankind may flow It Is far b.tter, where bOfltlMe, to Invcke such a

permanent tribunal than to create -peeial arlnt r ate-rs fur a given purpua. It Is a mailer of sln.ere congratulation to Our countrj that l! I ': II 8tati and Mi Mi i si. I d lot V e lie. I lie lis si i,-e the no I ottlces of The llacue court. This was done last sutuuu-r with most satisfactory results in the case of a claim at I.-- U- between ii and our . Sir republic It is earnestly to to hoped that this first t ire will serve as a pre.e- .;. mi for "i 1 ri In w btch got i nlj HoI'ttlted Stales, bus loregn Itallolls liny take a it ans tte of tht machinery aire ulv In ealstence at The Hague 1 ec .i .) to the favota'. . .oisideratlOM f the congress the Hawai.au the claims which wr- the t of care ful investigation during the last session. THK . M t Ml.. Kreuch Cumpaay Offers a iood Tille to lis Prtiperl. The co agrees has wisely provided that we hall build at once an Isthmian . u ii. It posslbie at l'ar.ama. The attorney general r.-.iorts thai w. ar. undoubtedtj acquire good title from the French Kni ima Canal company. N goti.tti, a. are now pending with Colombia to strut. I r assert To our building the canal. This canal will be one of the greatest ngimering i. atsof the twentieth century, a greatrr englr.eorIrg feat than has yet tsv-n aecomplished during the humrj of mankind Thi a sk should he carried out as a contlnuicg policy witnuut regard to chunge of admli-stra-tlt.i.. and it should be begun under circumstances which will make It matter M pride for all administrations to tontbMM tlu policy. Thecal al will be of great lien f fit to America, and of importance to all the world. It will be of advantage to ua Industrially and also as Improving our military position. It will be of advantage to th.- reentries of tropical Anti tk.1. It ; ei rr.eslly to be hoped that all of these countries will do as some of them have already .Tone with signal success, and will invite-to ih. ir shores

I commerce and lmpr..e th'ir material conditions by recognizing that stabilise at.? nri'er .r. the prerequisites, of luceeoecw development. No lrdeiwrcent nation, in i America need have the slightest fear of I aggression from the United States. It beI hooves each one to maintain order within I its own borders and to discharge lta Just obligations to foreigners. When this Is done, they can rest assured that, be they strong or weak, they have nothing to dreed from outside Interf ererce. Moreardmor j the Increasing Interdependence and comI plexlty of international political and eco1 nomlc relations rendl r It ir.eumb. i t on all civilised and orderly powers to inilst on I the proper policing of the world. The Patriate able. During the fall of l'.sjl a communication waa Bduressed to the secret. try of state, Asking whether permission would be granted by the president to a corporation to lay a cable from a point on the California coast to the I'hil ppine islands by way of Hawaii. A statement of condltiona or terms upon Which such corp iration would undertake to lay and operate a cable was volunteered. Inasmuch as the congpaM was shortly to convene, and Pacific cable legislation had been the subject of conslderat. on by ti..- congress for several years. It seemed to me wise to defer actUen upon the application until the congress had first an opportunity to act. The congr. M ndJourned without tak ng any action, leaving the matter In exactly the same condition In which It stood when the congress convened. Meanwhile it appears that the Commercial Pacific Cable company had promptly proceeded with preparations for laying Its cable It also made application to the president for access to and use of soundings taken by the fj, 8. 8. Nero, for the purpose of discovering a practicable route for a trans-paclflc cable, the company urging that with access to these soundings It could complete Its cable much sooner than if it were required to take soundings upon Its own account Pending consideration of this subject, it appeared Important nnd desirable to attach certain conditions to the permission to examine nnd use the soundings, if It should be granted. In consequence of this solicitation of the cable company, certain conditions were formulated, upon which the pr ;- dent was wtlilng to allow access to these sound. ngs and to conent tn the land ng and laving of the cable snblect to anv alterations or additions thereto imposed by the congress. This was deemed n roper, especially as It was clear that a cable connei tion of some kind wiih ""hina. a foreign country, was a part of the company's plan. This course was moreover. In accordance with a line of precedents Including President Client's action In the case of the first French cable, explained 10 the congress In his annual message of Pecemtier. isTS, and the Instance occurring in lO of the second French able from Pret to Bt. Pierre, with a branch o ' ' t pe Cod These conditions prr-crlbed, among o:her things, a maximum r ite for commercial messages and this ' . company should construct a I n, from the I'hlllpplne Islands to China, there being st present, ns Is well known, a British line from M.-iniln to Hong-Kong. The representatives of the cable rntt. panv krp these conditions long under -idoration. csntinu'ng. tn the meantime, to pri pare for laying the raids. They have, however, at length acci .led to them, and an ana-American Iii between our Pacific coast and the Chinese empire, by wav of Honolulu nnd the Philippine 'slands 's thus provided for, nnd Is expected within a few months to be ready for business. piiii.ipitm: ii.m) The Policy of Mntdtna rii.ni llern indicated. Has nn July 4 lat, on the one hundred and twenty-sixth anniversary of the declara- 1 tlon of our lr..ie-endence. peace and amnesty were promulgated In the ph ; p. pine Islan Is Some trouble has since Rent time to time threatened with the Mohammedan Moros, hut with the late Insurrectionary Filipinos the war has entire! ceased Civil government has now b-en Introduced. Not only does each Filipino enjoy such rights to life, i liberty and the pursuit of happiness as be has never before known during the recorde! history of the Islands, but the I people taken as a whole now enjoy a measure of self-government greater than that gran'e ! to any other orientals bv : , any rorelgn power and greater than that : enjoved by any other nr. enrols under I their own governments, save the Japani esc alone We have not gone tov far In granting these rights of liberty and selfI government . out we have certainly gone to the limit that In the Interests of the I'll. I pie them-elve It WHS wise or ju-t ti. go. To hurry mutters, to go fsster than we are now going, would entall calamity on the pe .pie of the Islands. No policy ever entered Into by the American people has vindicated Itself in more signal manner than the policy of holding the Philippines The triumph of our arms, above all the triumph of our laws nnd principles has come sooner than we hael any right to expect. Too much praise cannot be given to the army fur what It has done in the Philippines, Imth In warfare and from an a I minlt rative standpoint In preparing the wa for civil government: and similar credit belongs te the civil authorities for tho naj la whi.h they have planted the reds of self-government In the ground thus made ready for them. The courage, the unflinching endurance, the high soldierly efficiency, and the general kind-heartedness and humanity of our tr. ops have been strikingly manifested. Thcrs now remain only some 11 troops in the islands All told. rar i.f' have been sent there nf course, there have been individual Instances of wrongdoing among them. They warred under feirful difficulties of climate and surroundings! and under the strain of the terrible provocations which thev continually receive from their foes, occasional Instances of cruel retaliation occurred Beery effort has been made to prevent such cruelties, and finally thre efforts 1 ve ben comp etelv successful Kvery effort has also been Blade to detect and punish the wrongdoers After making all allowance for these mlseleeds, it remains true that few Indeed have been the Instances In which war has been waged by a clvlllxei power igatnst semi-rlvilised and barbarous forces where there has been so little wrongdoing by the victors as in the Phlll i. no h,til in the other hand, the amount of difficult. Important, and hrneflcent work which has been done Is noil nigh Incalculable Taking the work of the army and the civil aiithos it estogether.lt may be quetloned whether anywhere else In modern times the world haa seen a better example of re il constructive statesmanship tl in our people have given In the Philippine Isiind M'gh praise should also be given those Klliplno, In the aggregate very iiurn.rejiii. who haxi gecp'od

the new m I tl ini and lolned with our tepre-e ntattves to work wsth h-arty good will tor the we. fare of the is.ands. I urg. gtli oat! .ur atiertion lo the need of passing a bill providing for a general staff and for the reorgai Igsttoa of the supply dk-p.trtiiK nts on the lines of the bill propositi h) the secretary af war it year. hi ! tin v ui g th er ei lei Ibi army from We-1 I'., i t the) pr diably said above their c mp ers In ar othe r military iv i . 11 v t v ,1! ii t ! f I" n. id.-. b tralrJrg. b r wardol m-rlt. by scrutiny Into their cares-rs and capacity, to keep them f tl . ii I . I a I r i ...'Iv . x. el i ce throughout their careers. Ike allonal board Th.- m pi v.. ng for th. reo raw Br tatlon of the mtlltla system sref fr sesuring the htgl.e t efl t the gatlenal guard, which has i. . .!..-house, should r-e iv, p: nipt ,.t: s-l" aid action It Is of gr. at lmprtaiiee that the relation of th. national guard to tliemiHlla and volunteer forest or the d.lted Stutes shoulti be deli i . d, ma.' thtt if. place of our present obsolete laws a practical and iiou in st.m t .ui.' be adopted. M i ll's Of '1 Iii. .

More Ships nnd Vleii .-.-led lo Keep I'nce vsllh Ilie limes. For th. i f maneuvers on ut ... r t he trun. le in nur history naval rge scale ale being held te romtnsi d of the adc .nsiat.tlv Increasing i m:ral ot tin- i i ii'untion is being paid lu the gunnery ui the navy, but it is vet fan from wnat it should be. I earnestly urge that the increase asked isuvy n fk :he m.ih-n the oi l ho - hit. It is m funds lor pra t or by the seen tary o: the ' ipiiropri iti.isi tor improving .f.ip be granted. In battle i that curt aie the shuts that I essary tu provide ample Vitas lhe great gin . la Tic-. Mut- must provice . time of i notot.lv it rtli. i un base of proj eines, but i for alio w ai.. i i prises to encourage the gun cr-w s, and . spt-cia l.v the gun pointers, and for periectiia an intelligent system i under wha t, alol.e it Is possible togtt good. practice There should b- no halt tn the work of building up the r.avy, providing every year aClit. o.a. tini.i.i-. t ..ft W e are a very rich country, vast in i xtent of territory and great In population; a country, moreover, wl... r.l. i- .i ant. v .limit utlve itslu'd w hen compared with that of any other first-class powar we nave deiineraieiy mace our own certair foreign po.icies which demand the possession of a first-class navy. The isthmian canal will greatly Increase the rflt le-t.ey of our navv i: tl.. r.avy Is of sufficient size; hut If we have an inadequate navy, then ti e buoJIr.g, of the Ctr.al would be merely giving a hostage to any p. -wer of superior -': : es-l The Monroe doctrine should be treated as the cardinal feature of Armncan foreign policy ; but It would be worse than idle to assert it iwutai we Intended to back It up. andlt can be backed up only by a thoroughly good navy. A good navy is not a provocative of war. It Is th" surest guaranty of peace. Kach Individual unit of our navy should he the most errlcier.t of Its kind as re gards both material and personnel that Is to be found In the wor'.d. I call your special attention to the need or providing for the manning of the ships Serious trouble threatens us if we cannot ta better than we are now doing as regards sevurirg the services of a sufficient nurr.be r of the high est type of sai.ormer. of sea m- l at .-s .. . , . , lhe veteran seamen of our warshlns are 01 as nigf a o j.e n, car. oe louna ir. any navy which Hies the waters of the world; tbey sre ur.stirpassed In daring, in resoluothe'ir Ä' B,r,n PfTP. krr0',-2-l5i L.,r"f,'s,'.'.r 2L XT? . . . . ..-.. e. i cocsivf ration tnat ran be shown th.-m. But there are r.ot enough of them It is no more possible to improvise a crew than It Is possible to impr .v :-e warship. To build the flnesst ship, with the deadliest battery, and to send I? afloat with a raw crew, no matt.r buw brave thev were individually, w ut.? be to fnsure disaster If a foe of average capacity were encountered. Ne ther ships nor men can be Improvised w hen war ha.- be gui VVa i ' a 'hoii-trd sdi!ilcral officers In order to properly m n the ships now provided for ar.' under construction The dassef at the r.aval school at Anrapolls should be gn-ii e u rger- tl.. mie time that we thus add the officers where we need thm. w . -hf -.r..? facilitate the retirement of those at the hat fl of the Hit whoe usefulness I . be me inr. i red Promotion mii't be f astered If the service is to be kept efficient. There Is not a cloud on the horizon at present. There seems not the slightest h. te- ,,f trouble with a foreign power. W. most earnestly hope that this stabs of things may continue, and th- way to Im re its continuance la te provide fee a thoroughly efficient navy. The refuawl to maintain sue h a navy would Invite trouble, an l it trouble came would nsure Fatuous ...If-coraplacencv or van ty. or short-sightedness In refusing to prepare tor danger. Is both foolish nnd wicked In such a ration as ours; and rast experience has shown that such fatultv in refusing to recognise or prepare for ant cr vis In advance Is usually succeeded by a mad panic of hysterics! fear on , ; t ;l artutilly arrived. Rami I r. e llellsery. Tic- err ko i. a-e in the rev. n urn of the post office department shows . 1. rly the prosperity of c-.ir people and the In- r. tali , t vlty of the business of tho country. The receipts o' the post office department for the USCa I yi ir ending June- J st n'nte. to tra.Mtt.M7.ft, an increase of SlO.21H.Kf-3 7 ov. r -he pre. etllng year, the lar. st Increase known tn th.- h -lory of the postal rervlee. The magnitude of this Increase will best nppenr -irn the fact that the entire postal r n ipts for the year !W amounted to but s-,p)s, Kur.il fr..- delivery service Is no longer In the experimental stage; it haa become ix fixed policy The results following Its iniiunui aiwi nave tuny J islltKil the confZS?t. 2-.Kit.V.,r5e appropriations mads

.... ... ,,,,,, rmeiiMon mi certain type's ot social and economic legisaverage yearly Increase tn post office re- latiön which mus be tssentlally local or ceipts in the r iral districts ..f the ..un- municipal In their character. The governtry la about two per cent We ar- now ment should see to It. for Instance, that t he able, by actual results, to show that hygienic ard sanitary leg'slstlor. afTcctir.g where rural free delivery service has Washington Is of a high character The been establishes to such an extent as to i evlle of slum dwelling, whether In the

'"""'e u in nutsp -oniparc-ns tn.- yearly 1 Increase h been upward of ten per cent tin November 1, 1HJ3. 11.V rural fre delivery routes had been established and were In operation, covering about onethird of the trrr'torv of the I'n.ted 8 ats available for rural fr dellverv service There are now owalt ng the net Inn of the department petitions nnd apnllcat'ons for the estntd'shmesit of infig additional routes This shows roncluslvelv the want which the establishment of the seretoo has met nnd the n-rd of further extending It ns ranbllv as possible. Tt Is Justified 1-tth by she financial results and by the practle '1 t.. sieflts to our rural imputation i It brings the men who bye on the soil Info .lose relations with the active business world; it keeps the farmer In dailv to u r with th- markets; It Is a potential educational for; If enhanees the value of farm property, makes farm life far pleasant, r and less Isolated and will do much lo check the und. - ruble current from country to city. It Is to be hoped 'hat the congress will make liberal appropriations for the continuance n' the service already established and for its further extension 11 ang nf Irrigation Few subjects of more Importance have be. n taken im by the congress in recent vears than ti e Inauguration of the svstett nf nation Tie ai i.-l irrigation for that arid regions ,f the far west. A good be- I ginning in. '-.in ri , s lie. n made Now that this policy of national Irrigation has been adoptel. the need of thorough and scientific foret protection will grow more rapidlv than ever throughout tho pnfillc-Iand states 8o far as thev are available for agriculture, and to whatever extent they may be reclaimed under the national Irrigation law. the remaining public lands should he held rigidly fr the home builder the settler wh lives on his land, and for no one else In their actus! use the desert bind law. the timber and stone law. and the commutation clause of the homestead law have lieen s perverted from the Intent!. n with wh h the were enacted s to perm t the acquisition ef lure, areas of the public domain for other than a. ttml settlers and the i-otise-luent prevention of settlement Moreover, the approaching exhaustion of the public rang.s has of late led to much discussion ns to the best manner of using these public Isnda In the west which ore suitable chiefly or only fr graxtng The sound and steady developmesnt of the west denen. upon h lunlil tut .jo of homes therein. Much nf our prosperity ns a nation has been due to she operaHon of the- homestead law, n the other hand, we should recognise the fart that In the rrasing reg on the man who corresponds to the homesireader tnnv be unablej In settle permanently If nnlv allowed, to ose the stm.- a -zu. unt of pasture land '.ist his brother. he homesteader, la lowed to nse of arable land One h'in.

dred and slsty acres of fairly rich and well watered -oil. or a much malleg amount ..' trrigaied land, may hasp a famih In plenty, whereas no one could ge l a I'vlng sr. on pel acres oi Jrv pasture rnd i a pa nk ol supportlgg at the outsl.le one one lo ad ... altle to every ten acres In th. ast great tracts of the publh 'on a :i h ive bei n f. n d In by persoiu in . in title thereto, In direct defiance o.' the law forbidding the malnlenance or nn t met Ion of any such unlawful lncl.it ire of public land Kor various i.. in llu-r' has I . n little In tee -fereni' with such litclosure-s In the past. but ample mu has now been given the ii. -sp .-. r. und all Hie resources at I hi coniiaand of li- government will her.. aller Is use.l to put a Slop to SUCh Ilea a as ng Alaska la-glslstlow asked Kor. I espe. iallv i t upon tbr congress the n-cd of arise legislation mr Alaska. It g i ,,t to , .i i redll as a nation lhat Alaska, which has In-en ours r.ir It K ' . should m till have as poor a system of laws as Is the case. No country has a nor.- valuable possession -ill mine r il wi illh In llsherbs furs, forests ind ind available for oertaJa h -i is of fariiiinx and stock growiiiK. It Is a te-rrilorv of grout -.7-- and var.ed reiri -. well fitted to support a largo p i mane 'it p ipulatkm, Alaska needs a t I i nd law .ami stu b provisions f ir

hoines'e.t.ls and preem pi Ions us will i1 courage permanent settlement. We i ihouM shape leg lata tlon wim a v ew nut to the exploiting and abandoning of the territory, hut lo the building up of i sc. therein The lane! laws should be liberal tn tvpe. so aa t hold ut inducements to the actual settler whom we most desire to gee take possession Of the country The forests of Alaska should he predertcil. and, ns a secondary but st II important matter, the game also, and at .- ame time It Is Imperative that the settlers should be allowed to cut Mmbe. under proper regulations, for their own use. l.iwst -ilo ul. I be t ll.i. ted to protect tho Alaskan aimon htntl-s against the gree.l which would destroy them. Th. v should ! p re-served a a permanent industry and fo.ed supply. Tlie.r maiiagiment aiul control should he turned ovir to the commission of f-h und fisheries Alaska should have a delegate In the congress It Would be well If a congressional committee could visit Alaska and Investigate its needs on the ground. The Indians. In deal. tig with the Indians our aim should he their ultimate absorption into the body of our people. Hut in many cases this absorptlm must and should be very slow. In portions of the ltnt'an territory the mixture of Mood has gone On at tne same tune with progress In wealth and education, so lhal tier.' .in ph ntv or men w ith varying legrees of purity of Indian blood who are absolutely indistinguishable In point of soc.al. political and CCOOpmlcal ability Jfjaijrn r while assoc'ate Th re afe oT!,, r trlSes Which have as yet made no perceptible advance toward such enuatity. To try to force su. li :r pes too fast Is to prevent their going forward at all. Moreover, the tribes live under widely different conditions Where a tribe has male considerable advance and lives on fertile farming soil It Is poss ble to allot 'he mem tiers lands in severalty much as Is I t lie l ISO Vlllll .11.- nil lu svuiri . il ' la ' .. , i u slo- .a-.- w.th tl..- white settler Tl.. re 1 mc uiiiii ti lusre w nrir bui n . 1 o 1 i-t- in 1 1 . 1 1 ,iP.ir-ible I In the arid lira i erSrt shrmld be te WuSl, I ia1 0Iltorl rather than Uves. TnTti permit them villages rather than to fot pra.ne lands the the Indians to agricultural to settle In force them Into Isolation The large Indian schools situated rem ote from any Indian rn. rv.clon do a special ar.d pecuMar work of great Importance. But. excellent though these are. an immense amount of additional work must be done on the reservat iona themselves snioraj the old, and above ail among the young, Indians. Th flrst and most Important step toward the absorption of the Indian Is tn teach him to earn his living, yet It la aot necessarily to be assumed that in h community all Irdlars must become either tillers of the soil r ck ralsern. Their irduttrleo m i pi pel ) be diversified, and those w ho six c.i, sire or adaptability for tni et rial ur even commercial pursuits should be encouraged to far as practicable to follow out each his own he I t Seleattac Aid lo Farmers. 1 no department of governmental work In recent ears ha there been greaser success thsn In to', of giving scientific aid to the farming population, thereby shew ng them l ow most efficiently to help the mSsrlvfs. There Is no reed of Insisting upon Its impjrtance. for the welfare or the farmer Is fundamentally necessary to the welfare of the republic as a whole. Ir iddltion to such work as quarantine agalr st animal ar.d vegetable plagues, and warring against th-m when bere ir trodu-e.?. much era. ler.t h has been rendered to the farmer by rl i Introduction of r.-w plants specially fitted for cultivation uc.r the peculiar condition. existing In dlff.rcr.t portions of th i ..ur.trv New cere.es have been established in the semi-arid west. Kor Instat re, the practicability of producing the best types of macaroni wheats In regions of an annual rainfall of only ten inches or thereabouts has beetcor.rluslvely demonstrated. Through tne Introduction of new rices in Louisiana ar.d T- xaa the production of r.'f in iMs country hse been made to about enual the I., n. demand. In the southwest the possibility of regrastlng rerrtocked range lands has be t demonstrated ; in the n' rsh anal new forage crops have been introduced, while In the east It has been shown that sipje of our choicest fruits can be stored and hipped Ir such a way aa toflnd a profitable market abroad. 1 he Mal riet of Columbia Is the only part of our territory In which the national government exercises local or municipal fur.cernment has a free hand in referem , to t.or , st (,- wi . r, ,, i , i . .c.eM e th K vsnape or crowded ard cor.g sted ter.m.etithouse Cl'tricts or of the back-alley tpe.

snouies r.-ver or perm.-ta to grow up tn Washington. The city ehrtild be a rr .el In every respect for all the cities of the country. The charitable and correetloral systems of th- district should receive . .t -eratlon at the hands of the enngrees to the end that they mav embody the results of the most '.,rc,,r .tonight In these fields. Moreover, while Washington is i it a arrest Industrial city, there 1 tome is 'ustriallsm here, ar..! our labor legislation, while H would n el be important it Itself, sr gl t Ik mud. a modi' lor the rest of he ratio We should pass, for Instar e a rmpb.yer 11 ibl v act for the Histrlct of Columbia, ar.d we need such ai act In our sum yards lull road rompat u s la the district ought to be required by law to blot k their frogs Protection for Railway Fmplnyew. The safety-appliance haw for the better pre.tecilon of the lives and limbs of railway empioyes, which was passed in 1S9J. went Into full effect or, August I, lsii f has resulted in averting thousands of casualties Rxperie nrr shows, however, the necessity of additional legislation to perfect this law- A bill to provide for thla pased the senate at the last session It la to be hoped that some such measure may now be enacted into law. Gratifying progress has been made during the year in the extension of tho merit system of making appoint me rite In the government service It should be extended by law to tho District of Columbia. It Is much to be desired that our consular system be established by law on a basis providing for appointment and promotion only In consequence of proved fitness The ew White Hssaao. Through a wise provision of the congress at Its last session the white house, which has become disfigured br Incongruous additions and changes, has now been restored to what It waa planned to he by Washington. In making tho restorations the utmost care has been exercised to com as near aa possible to tho early plana and lo supplement these plans hy a careful study of such buildings aa that of the I'nlvrrnlty of Virginia. Which was built by Jefferson. The white house is the property of the nation, and so far as Is compatible with Irving therein Ik should be kept an It originally was, for the same reasons that ws keep Mount Vernon as II originally was. Tho stately simplicity of Its architecture Is an expression of the character of the period In which It was built, and Is In accord with the purposes It was designed tn serve. Tt Is a good thing to preserve such buildings aa historic mcsnumenta which keep alive our sense of rentlrturtv with the nation's past. The reports of the several egsrutlva departments ire submitted te th congress with this rommunlcirttsn. TlikOLKiKK HuoHKVKLT, Whit Hflijw. Decem'.gr I, IMS.