Jasper Weekly Courier, Volume 37, Number 31, Jasper, Dubois County, 12 April 1895 — Page 3

WEEKLY COURIER, C. DOAXK, XtthliHhor. JASI'KIt. - - - - INDIANA.

QUEER GROWTH OF PEANUTS. They hurt In tha Air and Afterward Bar row Into the Orountl. Most residents of the north hare wholly erroneous Ideas about the way In which peanuts grow. If questioned on the subject nine persons out of ten would probably declare with confidence that this farorite luxury of circus-going youth is a root development, much as potatoes are. That peanuts, when ripe, are dug out of the earth is true, but they began operations in the air and never hare anything to do with the roots of their parent vine. From a bulletin issued by the department of agriculture is gleaned the following information on this interesting subject. Tho blossom of the peanut is at the jnd of a long, pedicel-like calyx tube, the ovary being at the base. After the fall of the flower the peduncle, or 'spike," elongates and bends downward, pushing several inches into the ground, where the ovary at its extremity begins to enlarge and develops into a pale, yellowish, wrinkled, slightly-curved pod, often contracted in the middle, containing from one to three seeds. Should the "spike" by accident not be enabled to thrust its point in the ground within a few hours after the fall of the flower it withers and dies. "More or less abundantly scattered over the roots of the peanut plant are warts of about the size of a pin head, or larger. These tubercles, as they are usually called, play a very important part in the life history of the plant. Within them, while in a fresh or growing state, may be seen, by the aid of a good microscope, myriads of very minute organisms. These bacteria like bodies live partly on the substance supplied from the roots, but at the same time they take from the air and elaborate for the use of the plant considerable quantities of nitrogen. Nitrogen is the most expensive element that must be supplied to plants in fertilizers. The organisms living in these porous tubercles take it abundantly from the air, of which it comprises about five-sixths, and supply it to the plant without any cost. In this way a total amountof nitrogen is often acquired, by the plant far in excess of the amount analyses show tobe present and available in the soil. "Like many other extensively cultivated plants, the peanut has not been found in a truly wild state and hence it is ditlicult to fix upon its habitat. So widely has it been cultivated in eastern countries that some botanists have attempted to trace its spread from China to Japan, thence through the East India islands to India, and thence to Africa, where, in the seventeenth century, it was so extensively cultivated and had become such an important article of native food that the slave dealers loaded their vessels with it, using it as food for their cargoes of captives. liut the weight of authority seems to be In favor of accepting it as a native of Brazil, thus adding the peanut to the four other plants of commercial importance that America has contributed to the agriculture of the world, namely, cotton. Indian corn, potato, and tobacco. Though it may be a native of the western continent, it early became a largely cultivated plant in the warmer portions of the old world, occupying a distinct place in the agriculture of those countries long before its merits were recognized in the land of its origin." Chi--.ago Journal. Read for Envrgearlea. "Say, what does that mean?" inquired a stranger of a Montgomery street clothing dealer, as the interrogator drew attention to the weather signals fluttering over the Mills building. "What color are they? My eyes are bad." "Well, there is a red flag, with "black square In the center and " "That means a storm." " and underneath it Is a white Hag." "That means fair weather." "Well, what do both together mean? A fair weather storm?" "No, sir! the man who handles them is a weather prophet, and he is compiled to be careful in his predictions, so as to make no mistakes. Those signals mean 'cither fair or foul weather. " "Oh," and the stranger bought an "Umbrella and duster. San Francisco Evening Post. Napola la 179S. Speaking at St. Helena of these days, he said: "I lived In the Paris streets without employment I had no social habits going only into the set at the house of Harras, where I was well received. ... I was there because there was nothing to be had elsewhere! 1 attached myself to Harras because I knew no one else. Robespierre was dead; Harras was plying a role; I had to attach myself to somebody and something. Prof. Slcane, in Century. Uneipeeted Sapport. The train robber shot the roof off the baggage car as lie spoke. "I'm jrolng to hold you up," he re.:i.;u.tnl. The express messenger bowed. "How fortunate," he exclaimed. "1 was residy to sink into the earth when I taw you coming." .Vaying which he withdrew to the woods nile the outlaw discharged eveu sticks of dynamite in rapid succession. Detroit Tribune. Woman-Who-Wants-to-Votc "1 don't see why we shouldn't get along in politics." Man-Who-Sncers "Who ever heard of millinery in politics?" Jshe (promptly) "I have. Nearly every politician I know of has a nartkin 1.1 and a ruffled temper." Cindaaatv

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ÄSTEJL atf l-ftWlIEX the pr!s.-tlde alia aA M ltseaeer. t EM Awl ttc oers fair apaw Ja Aed the leave upon the tnacbes cestly wave. Hew the thosxats ef thoe we've lostla the shadow and the frostRise la beauty to oar vision frost the crave! Ah I far fatrer than the Cowers. Ste-alis; back U:o the bower. Sweeter thas the voices of the bints that sicf. Are the tbocghts of those we love. In the psradlsc above, la the elorr of the never-sdlas sprlaj I Yet their memories abide la the suallht at our side, Aad they whisper words of cosifort when we weep; Assd above each sliest crave. Easter lilies seeai to wave. S!n they were cot dead bat only fell asleep! As we zseet the flowers belowAfter winter frost asd saow So past silence of the los asd weary years. Stall we meet the loved asd blest. Asd shall ester In their rest. Aid shall know no more of partl&gs or ef tears. William Uraatoa. la Good Hoasekeeplsc. aaVaHi m ISS ISABEL MERRILL jf V came out on the veranda of her widespreading. pleasant home to bid her guest a hospitable adieu. It was a custom thegenial judge, her father, had taught her. To-day . the wide porch was a place "M THI'LORD BS for lingering. The warm spring sunshine made flickering tracings of the leafless vines upon the stained floor. A straight marble walk led from the en trance to the steep village street, opposite, was a well-kept, pillared mansion. Beyond, the eye looked down into a narrow valley, filled with streets of pleasant homes that ran up the slopes beyond to the railroad tracks and station. One or two long, manywindowed mills with their flocks of wooden houses abont them, all garish in vcllow paint, told of the industries of the little village. There was a j glimpse beside one mill of a sheet of falling water like glistening silver. "The lines have fallen to you in pleasant places," the caller said, softly, taking in all the promise of the sweet spring day and longing to speak comfort. But Miss Isabel made no assent A small boy came up the white walk leaving the print of each muddy shoe upon its poJished surface, and handed Miss Merrill a note. She looked up from its reading with a shadow of a frewn. "They want ny ivy for the church to-mcrrow," she said. "It has been taken there for the last five years, but it is so large now it disturbs it sadly. It did not recover from the effects of the removal last year for three months, and I said then it should not be taken down again." Then suddenly, while both face and tone belied the more gracious words: "Yes tell them they may have it But I will send it myself: at least It will fare better in Ihivid's hands. What does it matter, anyway!" bitterly. The caller was watching the shabby boy down the street "I am glad the winter Is over and gone for such," she said then. "That is Eddie Wright- He and his little sly inr an tn eo the DoorhoHsc, Their mother has just died, on the Lane, j She used to be a teacher. Her hus- j ml died three rears aeo. She has i been sick all winter, and I suppose they have really suffered from hunger ad cold." "So? I did not suppose we had any Buffering In this village except heart suffering," MUs Isabel added.

fllSSpBEUS

Ilad her caller Wen oae of the "wise women" she might then have found her opportunity. Instead, being somewhat ia awe of Miss Merrill, she went her way, and the mlstrevs turne! back, through the wide doors, across the broad hall and the long, sunny sittingroom into the small conservatory where the fresh green of leaves and the brilliant blossoms spoke of love and tendance. All around its upper lwrder lay the thick, green leaves of a beautiful ivy, and, as Miss Isabel from her high step unloosed the many loops that held the swaying vine in place, her thoughts went back over its history. It was ten years since the judge, her courtly, beloved father, had brought her the green slip from a city florist It was just after the death of her mother, and he had said they would part the slip, and during the summer time one should grow on the grave of their beloved. That was well! Was not all her life thenceforth linked with death? Her brave, strong young brother had helped her with the slips; and told them then of his purpose to devote his life to the lost ones of Africa. Her father, who loved God better than self, gave him up; but she, never. And when, after two years of work, the fever of thecountry made him its victim, it seemed but a second burial. Hut life had still been full and rich while her father was a part of it. The beautiful home had its mission of cheer while he was at its head. It was when he went, a year ago, that Miss Isabel seemed to draw the shades over every grace and hope of life. She dropped out from its interests and seemed to have no heart for either the joys or sorrows of others. The home was still sunny and bright, but it was sadly stilL "I wish something would rouse Miss Isabel," Martha would say to David when, the work of the day done, they rested in the large kitchen. "A woman's good for nothing unless something's pulling at her heart strings. Miss Isabel wants a husband, or some child, or some fellow feeling for somebody. If it's sickly, all the better. A sick cat's better than nothing for a lone woman." And David, well assured of his wife's wisdom, nodded a sleepy assent The Easter morning 'came full of a glorious sunshine. Miss Isabel sat down by her window, Bible in hand, to read her morning lesson, of that other morning in a far Judean land, when the stone was rolled away from the door and the angel came to the waiting women with his wonderful promise. "But he comes not to me," whispered

rAI3EC, SA'AMP the neart of the lonely woman, "for my dead hopes there Is no resurrection." When the church bell rang out its sounding summons she obeyed its call and sought the familiar pew. "Holy, holy, holy," sang the choir with an earnestness tha bore many of the worshipers into sacred presence. "Tis the day of resurrection," followed the clear voice of the soloist and the tall lilies bent their heads, and the green palms swayed gently in the soft breezes that floated In. But to all notes of joy or promise Miss Isabel's aching heart had but one answer: "There is no Easter awakening in my life. All its joy lies in the past and there is neither hope nor need of me more." She gave but little heed to the sermon of her old pastor: there was too much ring of gladness to suit her mood. The hymn that followed was unnoticed sit first, but the last verse, in the clear bird-notes of the soprano, every word distinct arrested her attention: "To-day the a are Is are standing still The darksome rfoon with their llht they nil, A they speak of the Lord who saves Christ conquered death la that bitter strife. He will brise us iato eternal life." Something dimmed the sad eyes suddenly. Had He then so loved her? and what had she doae for Him? "IVar I--iri1 " Knolcft the nastor's voice. fnll of tnilr lnntnmr. "if there is anv soul here unwilling- that Thou shouldst ... . m . m roll away the stone from me uoor, wilt Thou have pity and show that soul Thyself? If there is any heart here that has buried all its good or all Its worth to humanity under any stone of self, wilt Thou in tender mercy roll the stone away, ami om tue clean come forth to living work, and to God?" And that wonl was for Isabel Mer rill. Alone in her own room, she gave the afternoon to a look at her stone. From her scaled heart she drew out its self-pity, its neglect of others, and held them up in the light She 5aw how many talents had been committed to her, and that she had burled them under her selfishness. Deep humility took possession of her that grew at last into

a longing desire that this Easter day might become her awakening. That evening the glad praise service teemed all for her. Afte. it .-he walked hotnuward with the caller of the day before. "Did you say those Wright children were going to the poorhouseV" she asked at parting. "1 suppose so, yes, unless some one offers to take them." Miss Merrill found Martha in the conservatory straightening up a plant the cat had thrown over. "Martha, I am thirty-live years old, am I not?" "You should know, surely." "And that is 'years of discretion, Is it not?" "With some, yes." "Martha, I am going to adopt two children." "Tho Lord be praised, ma'am. A hotly with a big house, and money in the bank, and a lonesome heart, is to be pitied." Another Easter day comes around to the pleasant home on the hill, but Miss

Isabel finds brief time for her morning study. The children, who have been hers now for nearly a year, require attention. Little Alice, who has the voice of a bird, is to sing at the evening concert, and Eddie is to speak, and Miss Isabel is as proud and anxious as any mother in the land. But they arc not alL In the sunny bedroom off the sitting-room, a sweetfaced old lady lies among her pillows, and, almost helpless from rheumatism as she is, everyone in the house comes to her for comfort and advice. She has outlived all near relatives, and therehad been for her only an Old Ladies' home in a strange city when MLss Isabel "took her in." And in the kitchen an old man feebly totters about, or waits in restful quiet by the window. It is a distant cousin of David who has no one to care for his infirmities. "A giving spirit is a dreadful growing thing," Martha says. "If you once let it in, It's like yeast a-spreading and spreading until the whole batch is full of it" Miss Isabel's reward is already great: "For there is no debtor in the world so honorable, so superbly honorable, as love." Howe Genning, in Chicago Advance. FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE SEA. Ship's Lead nroafc-fat lp Gnt.l riece front the s Fire Dollar Depths. When the steamer City of Augusta of the Savannah line was just in sight of Cape Hattoras recently one of the passengers, an old man with snow-white hair and beard, walked into the saloon and approached a group of passengers seated at a table. In bis hand he held a five dollar gold piece. Stopping before the group and holding out the coin he said: "There is a gold piece that has just come from the bottom of the ocean. 1 was on deck when they were heaving the lead and after the second ofiicer had! examined the soap on the end of it to see what kind of substance it brought up and had placed it again in the rack at the side of the rail, out of curiosity I, too, examined it Looking at the end where the soap is put 1 saw through the dark gray clay which the lead had brought up from the bottom something glisten, and, taking out my knife, dug iuto the soft substance and drew forth this gold piece. It was edgeways in the soap at the end of the lead and in no other way could it have got there than by being picked up from the bottom." As he held the gold piece in his hand and afterward passed it to the passengers to examine it could be seen that it was covered with soap and was dull in appearance. The water where it is asserted the coin was taken was about one hundred and fifty feet deep. Alf of the passengers soon heard of the find. Many doubted the story of the whitehaired passenger, bat he firmly adhered to the original story that the goldpiece came from the bottom of the. ocean and was brought up by the lead of tho City of Augusta. Capt II. C. Daggett, the commander of tho ship, shook his head when he heard the story. That night at dinner he. told the passengers that he had decided to give up his command and go fishing for gold pieces off Cape Hatteras instead. Easter EpgaIt is said that eggs, rabbits and lilies rule at Easter. These three emblems of the season certainly furnish a great amount of merriment and gladness, as the festivities of the occasion depend largely on a full supply of them. The practice of using eggs is traced back to the ancient Greeks and Egyptians, as well as to the Romans and Gauls, who taught their people to look upon the egg as a symbol of divinity. The giftgiving of eggs at Easter is an old custom derived from the Persians, who exchanged eggs at their New Year's feasts that is, at the beginning of their agricultural year in token of a renewal of vernal life. The Jewish people used the egg in the feast of tho passover, and even the ancient Druids performed their religious rites with ceremonies of egir symbols. In Italyeggs are carried to church and blcs-scd, after which thev are used on the table with floral decorations. Visitors are invited to partake of Easter eggs as a special act of courtesy. Detroit Free Press. A Pertinent Question. T was Easter services: her fair aad soulful face Sccsscd quite the pcrsonstloa of both piety and grace; And to this day. when memory her wtasomeprcscace brings, I think the thought her face first brought aa Mftrlal Int vino Dat was It prayer sho offered as In loveliness she sat? Ah.no! Sho slmpty ailsed a friend. "Whfe did you get that hat?" Nixon Waterman, la IMoT The Wife at Kastcr. She pretends It Is love. Uut It means n new bonnet. AVhy kind as a dove? Sho pretends It Is love, But I am above All such irulle and frown on H. Sho j reteads It Is love, Dul It rr.ear.s a new lossel James Jay O'Contell, la Jadf

THE I FTY-THIRD CONQRESf. It Recent Hotter Thau That of the VlftyMrst Ccnire Krml It. Many things expected of tho Fiftythird congress have not lcen accomplished. Its record has not been such as to make all true democrats rejoice and it has been called "incompetent" by not a few prominent democrats and democratic newspapers. Many of its most severe critics, however, recognize that, as compared with the Fifty-first, or McKinley congres of 1600, the record of the last congress is excellent It is not disputed that tho McKinloy congress was more effective in that it did more of what it was planned to do. But that is just why the record is so bad it planned nothing for the good of the country at large. It accomplished nothing, aside from making ordinary appropriations, for the masses; all was in the interest of tha classes protected manufacturers, mint owners, bounty grabbers and subsidy hunters. It greatly increased the protection to the mill owners but left labor unprotected, to compete, on a free trade basis, with the Italians and Huns imported by the mill owner to beat wages down. It added considerably to the sawdust protection given to farmers and attempted the new bunco game called reciprocity, which was to open up great markets for our farm products in South America as if the great dasire of South Americans was to exchange their wheat and pork for our pork and wheat It threw bounties and subsidies in all directions, so that, by March, 1893, the $100,000,000 surplus left by Cleveland in 1390 was entirely exhausted and the treasury was on the verge of bankruptcy. The Fifty-third congress has accomplished a great deaL First, It undid the Sherman silver purchase act of 1390 which, with republican extravagance, was responsible for the panic and depression which had already begun before Harrison left the white house. Second, It repealed the federal election laws which no leading republican, except Senator Force-Bill Lodge, would now rehabilitite. Third, It gave us free wool and reduced tariff duties generally about as much as McKinley increased them. Fourth, It gave us the income tax which, though it is not perfect, is yet a great improvement on any tariff system of taxation. It is noticeable that the republicans

are not advocating the repeal of this tax. Fifth, It abolished the payment of bounties to sugar producers. Sixth, It lessened the net protection to the sugar trust, hut unfortunately, increased the duty on refined sugar about one cent per pound. But for two or three traitors in their ranks "senators from llavemeyer" the democrats would have given us free sugar and left no protection to the trust It is noticeable that the most that the Fifty-third congress did, or attempted to do, was to undo the work of the republican congress of 1S90. So far as it has succeeded it has done excellent work. Practically all that the Fifty-first congress did was bad, and all that the Fiftv-third congress has done is irood. And vet the democratic congress receives kicks and cuffs from all sides, because it could not, in two years, undo all of the evil legislation that republicans have, for thirty years, been fastening upon this country. The democrats have partially failed because they undertook too big a contract What they have done will remain for ever a permanent benefit to this country. Not even the republicans will dare to advocate many of their old laws which the democrats have repealed. Bvnox W. Holt. CANADA IN CLOVER. Some of Her IV t Trust-She I Well Pre. tK-trt from the Taaper Lahor Fredaets of the United States. Oh, what a blessed thing is protective tariff! especially in a country with small population and dependent upon foreign countries for many of its supplies. Canada is just now enjoying this blessing. Her tariff wall is not half as high as was our dizzy McKinley wall, but it is doing most effective work in shielding the numerous trusts which are springing up all over Canada since the protection cap-stone was add ed to the wall. This blessing is expressed in advanced prices for manufactured goods and in mills closed to restrict production and advance prices. Consequently the Canucks, who dislike work and are very fond of high prices, are enjoying themselves immensely. Their joy is added to nearly every day when they read of some new trust that Issupportmg or advancing prices. The Iron Age of February 21 contains sev eral items in its Canadian notes which must make thousands of little McKinlevs in Canada dance with joy. Here are some of them: "A large manufacturing firm in the western part of Ontario claim to be able to import wire nails from the United States at a cost of $50 a carload less than they can buy them at home." The Canadian duty on wire sails Is IK cents per pound. The price of wire nails in the United States being about SI per keg of 100 pounds, the cost of these nails in Canada would be at least f2..r.0 per keg, aside from freight and other charges. Hut even this is considerably below the price fixed by the Canadian trust "No, thank you," says the Canadian mechanic, joyfully, to his cousin across the line, "we don't want any of your pauper American nails over here; we much prefer to pay 83 per keg for our patriotic Canadianlabor nails than 81 per keg for your cheap and nasty nails." "The manufacturers of steel clad bath tubs have agreed upon a list and a discount of 20 per cent, with an extra 5 per cent, off for dozen lots." A duty of 30 per cent protects this steel clad bath trust "Wrought iron pipe manufacturers have reduced the trade discount on some of their smaller sizes, the change being equivalent to an advance df 5 to H per cent Tho advance has been madu on !Irich, -inch and K-itich." The duty on pipes and tubes varies from 15 per cent to one cent per pound and 30 per cent the highest duties being on these smaller sixes thus ad-

need in price. The lot of the CaWelf

ia a hannv one. He Is removed from the temptation of drinking or bathing in water contaminated by coming ia contact with cheap American pipes and tubes. "The new sail combine seems to b holding together, though the Halifax mea are in under protest U-licy tttinic the lease price, 2.10, is too high. They have not on their side, as the Montre alers have, prohibiting freight rates to shut out American competition, and they want to be free to lower tho prlc when they please, as tho Americans can easily afford to cut 82.10. Also they want to be left alone in their territory free from Montreal competition. The latter point was yielded." This refers to the cut nail combln formed a few weeks ago and which in eludes all manufacturers in Canada. Prices were fixed at S3.10perkeg for nails that sell in Pittsburgh for 85 and 0 cents per keg. The duty being only one cent per pound there is a margin of 25 cents to overcoat of getting each keg Into Canada. The benefits to labor, from protection and trusts, are mada clear in another item in these Canadian notes. It says: "A nail strike, lasting some time, has been brought about in Montreal again this winter. The proposal the men rebelled against was a reduction of 10 per cent during the depression. They finally yielded." This shows that the laborers in the nail mills of Canada are unwilling to work for whatever their protected bosses may offer, but that they are drifting- towards the dreaded paupar wages across the southern border. It also shows that a "depression" may occur even in a protected country. But probably the "depression" and the wage reductions there, like those in this country In 1893, were caused by some wicked son of a free trader who broke up the whole protection procession by shouting tariff reform through a crack in the fence. Protection is a very delicate and sensitive institution. It works like a charm when everybody has implicit confidence in it, but is completely "discomboberated" at the first sign of skepticism. Other items among these Canadian notes indicate annealed wire and barbed wire combines, both of which have had to lower prices somewhat to keep out the cheap American products. The unpatriotic Montreal merchant is kicking because the wire combine is charging him S3 for barbed wire that it sells to the Ontario and frontier trade at S2.37, competition being keenest there from the American side. But the one item which more tham all others will give our dear McKinley unalloyed joy is the following: "Notwithstanding the duty of 33 per cent, imported bicycles from the United States sell at the same price here as Canadian. This duty was the source of a large amount of revenue last year." This demonstrates the truth of McKinley's oft-repeated and oft-denied statement that "a protective tariff is not a tax; but if it is a tax, the foreigner pays it" In this case the foreigner is the American. A half million Americans generously pay S20 or $30 more for their wheels in order that our manufacturers may be able to supply the Canucks at greatly reduced prices. This benevolent or missionary spirit developed in foreigners, by protection. is one of the most attractive features of the whole beautiful system. Bvko.v W. Holt. ITS EFFECT. The Predictions of rr Wool Mea Thor ouchly Saatalaed. Abraham Mills, the well-known wool merchant, prepared for the New York chamber of commerce the following re view of the wool trade of America for the year 1894: The passage of the free-wool tariC bill by congress in August 1894, constitutes an epochal event in the history of the wool trade, not only of thl country but of the whole world. It Is no small event when seventy millioa of pre-eminently industrial people abandon the policy of a generation, after long discussion and against the bitter opposition of classes greatly concerned in the maintenance of a con dition of things in which their interests were heavily involved, and in which, they were intrenched by years of favorable legislation. The culmination of protection came with the McKinley bill of 1890, and its repeal quickly followed. Since last autumn, therefore, we have had to face the novel experiment of free wool and moderate duties upoa goods, and to discover whether those who have struggled during a business lifetime for this position are right or wrong. The result of the six months past seems to be in favor of the contention that free wool is of immense advantage to the American manufacturer and to that greatest of all classes, the American consumer. With an almost prohibitory duty upoa foreign wool, the American article was alone freely available to our manufacturers, and had to be mrde the best of, even when unsuitable for desired results. Foreign manufacturers were thus left free to select the most suitable wools for every purpose, and at abnormally low prices, owing to the absence of American competition. This condition enabled them to fight successfully a high tariff upon goods, and to pour them into our markets unchecked by even the McKinley bill. This is no longer the case. Our manufacturers have now free choice of the wools of the world and of its by-products, and they can at length secure the identical cheap raw material which formerly their foreign competitors so successfully used against them. Tha course of the trade since the new tariff has thoroughly sustained the prediction of the free wool men. No mills have been closed, but more machinery has been started up, and the natural apprehension of our mill owners has given way to great confidence as to the future. They do not claim that profit arc larger or even reasonable, but they do maintain they can hold their own, and do more, when they have had time to better adapt themselves to the novel conditions, and when the couatry resumes its normal prosperity