Jasper Weekly Courier, Volume 21, Number 50, Jasper, Dubois County, 12 December 1879 — Page 3

Presiflent's Message.

Fotlaw CKUens.ot the Senate and IIoum ef Representative: The Members ef the Forty-slr.th Congress ibaveaMtemlded hi their first regular session under eirvu instance calling for mutual cougrat illations and grateful acknowledgment to (be Giver of hI! Kii.l fitr the large and uuluewel Measure at National proierity which fwe now enjoy. The most interesting events .whteh have oeenrred Ih onr public affairs einee my last annual message, to CoogrtttM re -connected with the financial operation of the -Government directly effecting the taislesa interests of the country. I congratulate Congress im the successful execution ot the Resumption net. At thetime fixed. HttU In the WalHier Contemplated l- law, United -Hales notes lmgu to be it-deemed In coin. Jbitmt the lt of January last they have Ikhii omwptly redeemed on presentation, and Ih hII .Tmftnwaa uii:Niet tans, public and private, in nil .part or the eountry, tbcy are received and ,id out M the equivalent of coin. The dejwuhi upon me imwin' inrgoni ami stiver in .xehnyi for UnlRil Stan wav hus xn I eemparMiiveij- sman, mm ine voluntary lie- ' .peek if eS and bollkxt In exchange, fur notes i mi lt very large. The mccm of tho pre- ! oloui wUW uejM-itd or exrf-ungcd forUnfte , ceBtpNtHtiveiy dhihII, kih! thu voluntHry doJIM'S iMm-sovtwth amount of United Muttv I ahMi- rtnW(ttM-l kt (mik 44MtM). ! Tin; rt'uutloi of tiocctatMtymcntfl htostuf'tt (foUowtsl by m very Krcat rcvlvl of builncs. . With h currt-ncy isjulvalent In vhIihs to the , -HHrttey of the cimimerciHl world, wo nre -hh--Wed to enter uiKin mi ciuid coiupctltluu with t Oo r tiiWoM4 in tnoht hwI priHlutitlun. Th I incrtMin)r foreiim iimMnd for our tnauuf.-tc- ' -turc! nnd UKricultural pro.lutH has cuul h Smtya tmlance of trudoln our favor, which hnn iMn p.tkl In $Mt from tlm 1st of July hwt to November 15, to the amount of mImiu XM.WM,Since the rcMunjukJU of cpccle p:iymcntn there lij been R murVol and rnttryftiir lttm)vc:)cnt of thu public rrnllt. The tximU of the (iovcnuiient ln.-arIiiiriHtlr 4 percent. Inter-

est have old at or alov par, surtlclent In thonniirh inveKtlTOtbin for this purjunount to payolf all of the Xatioual debt pose. The result has been nn elutwhlcfc was rvdeewaWe under tho present t orate and cowprelienslvo report. The report laws. The amount of interest navetl annually , ets forth the hItorj' of tho pnrtlxan ?poils ivthe proce of refunillnif the debt since I system In Orcat lirltain, and of thu ri?e nnd March 1, 1S77. to llt.WT.KT. The bond sold ' fall of the 1'arllutncntary pntronaKO, ami i were lunrelr la small auins. and tho number i oel! Interference with Iho ficeilom of elec-

of ef ourcltlwiH now holding the public securl-' ties is much greater then ever before. The .amount of the National d-tt, whk.-h mat urea In hw than two years, Is 7UA1I.'m), of which 4(4.(jiM.tO) bearinteret at the rato i)f tlve per went., and the balaiwo is ia bonds beariiix K per cent, interest. It to bcliuvtil that this part ef the pubUe deltt can be rt'funded by the tout? of four per cent. tonds and by the reduction of interest which will thus fee effected about (lt.MJ.CV) can be annually saved to tho Treasury. To secure this important reduction of Interest to be pnld by the United States further legislation isrtoulred. wkkh k is hoped will be provided by Congress 4uHr i present seston. The eoinago of i gem y tive mints ei tae umten Ma tee uunog i Iko Latt cl vcr wu f4o.SHi.1ltS. leeuinagot silver rtoiirssmcetnepMge .f the net for that HirMe up to Novemlier 1, 1K, wae J t&.ftW..h&t. of which J i2,7W,41 have teen fcwicd XnmitheTreasUo'.wid are now in lmltion. ami fmt are still In the pos session of the (Jovenimetit. The pemieeey or

f prop.ition tor u ntj'ii aetm n Between urn i chnnged, exc'pt ti w far h.h mi enlnrged exUnlte.1 mcs ami the principal commercial Mrlenee h deepened my snisn or tho duty nations of Hurope to effect a iH'rnianent t tothof otticcrs and ur the people thcmselvi to system fer the einwllty of gohl nnd sliver ' co-operate, ror their roniovnl. The grave evlla m the reeognlaed imHiey or the world, BMlj IHrlMof a partisan spoils system of apIea4 mo to recommend that Congress polntment to oiliee nnd ottieo tenure (ire refrain from any new legislation on tw- gen- finw KenenUlV rccognlzcl. In tho resolu--eml sbject. The great n;vlvl or tnek. In- I tinns or tho great parties. In tho reports temal and foreigii, will supply during the ' 0f lepHriments,lnthdeb.tepndi)roeeed(ngs

irmiHK er fin un iwnn iuii nmtii mnj well be awnitetl before attempting rurther expermseHtal measures with the coinage. I would, however, Mrowgly urge upon C(t!rti the importance of authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to Mfpcnd the coinage of silver dollars upon tho present legal ratio. The mark'-t value of tho silver j 4o4lar lelng uniformly and largely less , . 1 . t. . , . . . r . L. a , .11 ( . I ihh msihw vauue ih lire a'tu nuiuir, n i Is fMkn-lotHlv nMrctieaMe to maintain 1 ??r.T,th.i:c.h totitatT.lf,K'?.fS,?m,:,! ? into circulation it will. If coined without eooabecAKBO the side standard of value. thus 4efft tho desired object, whk'h is a cur rency or ootit goto ana stiver, wr.tcn smoi no oi eHivK'itt value, iloltar for dollar, with thu mlvcrMlIy-rccognlrcd money or tho world. The retirement from circulation of Tnlled States notes, with the capacity of legal tender 1b private contracts, h n step to be taken in eurpreigres t urarilBsareatidstaMeairnmey. which nhould be accepted rw the policy nnd duty of the Government and the Imereet nnd security of the people. It is my Krm conviction that the Jseue of the legal-tender paper money, lsw-el Wholly upon the authority ad creditor the (Jovenimcnt, except in extteme emergency, Is without warrant In the v.2tltutrOii, and a violation of sound rlunnM prim:lples. Thu issue or United states notes during the late civil war, with the capacity of legal tender between private individuals, was not HMthorlxiil except as i. means of rescuing tho countrj from Imminent peril, The ctrculathw of thee notes iu paper money for any protmetHl iH'tlod of time after the aeompufcmcnt of this ptirtnise was not eontempteted by the frames- of tm laws under which they were Issued. They anticipated tho redemption ami withdrawal or these notes at the earliest practicable ivrtod csmsltent with the attainment or the object for which they were provided. The policy of tho I'ulted Mates steadily adhered to from tho adoptfcm of the Constrtutkm has been to avoid the -ereatUm of a National delrt, ami when, from Bcccestty, in time or war. debts have ten created, they have been paid off mi the return or peace ae rapidly as iwrible. "With this view, mid for this purnose, it is recommended that the existing laws for the accumulation of a sinking fund euMcleflt to extinguish the public debt within a limited period be maintained. If any change -or tne object or rates or taxation m deemed necessary by Congress, it Is suggested that ex-

per ten cc aae snown taat a uuty can nepineeii pointing jviwer is neio. in incogm " i on tea and coffee which will not enhance the principles it bccomi- of groat Iniportanco to 3rkw of those articles to the consumer, and I provide Just and adequate ineatis. especially whk h will mid several millions of dollars an- j loreveo'acimrtinentaudlarKea'Imlnlstratlye anally to tho Treasurj"- office, where personal discrimination on the the sl'I'I'hkjjsion or rot.YOAMT. part of its head Is not practicable lor aseorThe continued deliberate vhlitlai ba large tabling those qualifications to which npiointnumber of the prominent and inmieittial clti-; ments and removals should have reference. . jwms of tlwj Territory or Utah of tho laws of i To fall to provide such moans Is not only the linked States ror the pn mention and Hin- to deny the opportunity of nseertalnlng the it bin en t of polygamy merits the atteiitl.ni facts upon whleli the most rlghtooH claim to

-et every department or the (.oven iit. This Territory hs a popnlatloH an mclent to entitle It to admission as a State. The general iatereets or the Nation, as well as the welfare of the citizens of tho Territory, require Its advance from the Territorial form of government to tbo responsibilities and privileges or a State. This Im.portant change will not. however, lc approved by the country white the citizens of Utah, in Tery consfclcrable numbers, uphold a practice whieh is eondemtted as m crime by the laws of all civilised communities throughout the world. Tho taw ror tho suppression of this offense was enacted with great unanimity by Gongrees more than seventeen yearn ago. but has remained until recently n dead letter In Ihe Territory of Utah Iw.-cause of the peculiar aimeniiies aitemitng its enforcement, ino opm km widely prevailed among the citizen of Ulah that the law was In contravention or the

'-"""uiiuimi guantmeuoi rrnigiousireeoom. promotions io iicrammi) wtreiumim: inw Thl objection Is now removed. Tho Su- or candidate. Party manngers and methiid3 preme Court of the United States has decided t bad not then become powerlul agents of cothe law to l within the legislative tMiwer or erclonhfHiletothefreeanil Just oxerclseof Omgre,andbimIlnr, s a rule of action, for " the apindntlng power. A large and resmm. all who resided within tbo TerrittH-les. There . idbk) part or Iho duty of restoring tho Civil rts bo "onger any reason rr ikday or hesitation , Sen lce to the delrettt purity and efflclency in w$ enroic'ment. it should bo Mrmlyand rests upon the PresMent: and It has been my effectively executed, ir not auMehmtly purpose to ao what is within my iower to adstrlogent in Its provisions, It sIhihW be vance such prmtetit and gradual meafiires of ametKled; and, m aid of the purpose reform as will most surely nnd rapidly bring Ut view, I recommend that more com- about that radical change or pystem essential prefccnelve ami more searching methods ror to make our administrative methods satprcTenttaff m well an ptiatshlng this erlmo tm isfactory to a Trco and Intelllgofit TCttvind. ir necessary to wettr obedience to people by a pmper exercise ot authority, tht! law, the enjoyment, and exercise or the It is in tbepower of the KxecutiyeJO do much rjghta ami prl lieges of eltrscnshlp In the to promote suchn rafotm, Imt It" cnmiqt be Territories of the United States may tie with- too clearly understood that nothing adequate held r withdrawn from those who violate or' can bo aoeomplWied wtthont Hperatlon oh BWos-e the enroreenH-nt of the Is w oti thlssub- tmi part orCimgrees, and eosWimte and Inject. Th elect Ions of the p:st year, though ( telllgcnt support among lhe people. Heforma eeewn4ed tmly with State oWcee. have not i whkb challenge the generally sccotrtod thoofaHed to elicit In the polities) dteeusssons i rles of tHwiies ami demaml changes in the whleta attended then all over the conn try method of departments are not the ".fork of new nnd decisive evidensof the deeptaterest 1 ay. Their permanent foumlstkm must lie whleh the irreat Imdy ef eHtceat take In the lW in seuml prineids and In bh experience fKeffrwMof the eotttito toward a were ren- when di-nHmrsti"s to4r wmwIoib and expeeM the errors cl thclr aslveisj

IYT eOt, Of MMi VWHM SesSMfWy SHd freedom Ih the exercise of the elective f rnaehiee. White MMiy topic of polHIea eaneeru demand rest attention from our hh48, both In the sphere of Katlonal and Mate authority, I find ho reafoa. tsMtuaitfy the opln Um I expressed hi Mjr last annual message, that no tomporary or administrative Interest of Government, however urgent or weighty, will over destroy Urn sent of our jHsople In defense of the primary right of ohlMMiHhlii, hikI tliHt iUa power of public opinion will ovorrldu till polltk-Rl iir'Ju'll aI Hli H':tliHil Htnl BtMin Httovbiiittitti in dwnniulirur ttmt nil ovor wir vthki territory thi MNe HHiTthHrHclvr of cltlwii of the UiiIKhI iHMm UM iih'iiii one a'l the womu thliiK. ! wrry with them uitehHlkMKtl iwciiriiy nnl rwHwt. I oHnu'Mly iK?rtl tothu liitflliKenee hih! triotiim of all khhI vitiziiiA of evwy part of the country, however ntuh they mity l illvlilod liniplnIon on othr )xilltkHl wiIiJmih, to unltuin oowh'IIIiik olwilU'iico to eiUtlnff Iiiwh hIiiUh! Rt th prtitoctloii of the riKlit of sutfrnne. I ntfiHtctftllly uikv ujhvii CoiiKrww to supply ny defects in tnoito taw wnU'h oxpenence kits shown, and which it U within Uit power to rt'H!y. I hkhIii ltivoV tho ;Hpcntl(ii of the KxHtlve ami I.HKWltlve uuttioiiiics of thi;4tMtM in thl srreHturto'. I hmi fully convinced that if the puMlo tnlml chh Iw Mot at real on this imramount iutMtloti of poiMiUr rlfchts, no wrl)ii ottHclB will thwnrt

or lU-my the coinplt pHulHoailon of ttio eountry, or rt;ru tno KOiiorai umusion oi TUB CtVII, SKKVIOK. In a former nii!it:ur I lnvlti'd the Rttfntlon C Conxrwto tint KHbcvt of the reformuilon M ,h C'lyii i service of tin; (. OVtHHHD'llt. Htld fiprMwl tho intention of transmitting fo Conerc. h onrly ntt practlcntdca report ui'it thin subject by the Ctiairimin id tho Civil Service CoihwIoh.. In view of tho fuel tlint diirltur h considerable periol thodovernment of Great liritulu hits Ikicu ilenlnijf with almlntratlve proldenn mid h buses In various pitrticuUr humIhious to thono prei tenteii in mis coiiniry, ami tnnt, in recent years, the measures nilopted wcro unilcrclood to have been effective and In every respect 1 highly satisfactory, I thoiiKtit It ilelrublu to t have fuller lufonantlrin upon tho subject, and accoriuui;v reoucitcti tnu unnirmau ui tno uivll Uotninwslon to liutUO tknw. H shows that nftcr long trhuof wrious Kinot wi cxnininuiiuns, intrtu wnjun nr eompetltiv and open ou 0'iuil terms to oil, and which are cnrrft.il on under the superlnteti'lenee of a .lnlo comtnlswlon, hiive with trreat ndvnntiiRo been established as conditions of addition to almost every oHielal place in tho sulhrdlnito adinlulstrutiouuf that countr ami or llrltish IndiH. Thecinij5ftbii or tho report, owing to the extent of the labor lnvoltol In Its prepuratinn. nnd tbo onil'ion of Conjres to make any provision ti'her for the comiciHation or the expenses of tho Cotinl$l(n, has been postponed until toe prcwut tnn. jt is Here with traimtttel to Oi)grow. hlletlio reiorm measures or anotner uuvr-mmem are oi nouuthority for us, they are entitled tolntlupnco to the extent to which their liitrliwlo wisdom andtheiriidiitatln toour Institutions and social life mnv cMtunend them to ourconslilerHtlon. The views I barn heretofore expressed eoneenilng tho defects and Ol UOtlgrCSS, 111 tile tnC""t!OS Ol KXCCUIlves the gravity of these cIU has been toliite out. and the need of their reform has ocen Udmltted. To command the nocery support, every mcasuro ol reform must be Im-sed on common right and Jit'Hlce. and must bo Jr. r eomimtllde with tan healthy existence great parties, which nro laevitntilo nnd VI" 1 1 t lil ... ,..t - ...v .u.i- h-ive anuroveil r tHMleV at R EH'"Li ?.,.iil!n,",lV.i JL. "rs they have S-kcScd. the ad-

, Jt r cers tr.ey hhvo wict.co. im iae aui I vlsers who, In nccurdnneo with our jmlltlcal inm.. i ' stltutlons, should Ikj cousulte! in tho policy '',! i which It Js their duty to carry Into effect, Is In

dispensable, It Is eminently proper that they should explain It licfote the people, as well as Illustrate itft cplrll In the performance of their othclal duties. It hardly need be pointed out that very dltlorent eousfderatloi.' PPi' to the greater number or those who till the subordinate places In tho civil service. Tholr respAnsd'lllty Is to their superiors in nllleinl jiosition. It is their duty to otvy the legal ititrue:i(na of those Uori whom that authority 1 devolved, and tbclrbest publte scrvfeo consists In tho discharge of their functions Irrespective of partisan politics. Their duties are the sanio whitlc;er jwny Is In power, nnd whatever policy prevails. As a coneiiuenec, it follows that their tenure of olNco should not depend upon the prevalence of any policy or the supremacy or any party, but should be determined by their capacity to serve tho people most tmerull) .quite lrfei-"i-llvf' of tmrtHnn ltderet. The nn ern.ncrations trat should K'tern tnc tenttrs (houhl also prevail in the.appolntment, diedpltae ami removal of the subordinates. The authority of appointment and removal is not a perquisite which may tHsused to aid a friend or reward a partisan, but Is a trust to be exorcised In tho public interest, under all the sanctions which attend the obligation to i apply the public runils only for,Pblw pur- 1 CBS. Krcty cltUen has an tvjunl right to the i or and protlt of entering the public service I or his country. Tho only just ground of ills-j crimination Is tho measure of character and ; eapaelty ho has to nmnetinii service most usefuf to the people. Except In ca.e where, upon Just and two. nUCtl principles, as upon the theory of pensions, oHkH and promotions are bestowed as rowan! fur oast si'rvlees. their liestowal Upon any theorj which disregards personal mj-nt Is an act of injustice to the cltltcn, a well as a J breach of that trust subject to which the ap- , oce dein mls, but or necessity to uiseourage all worthy aspirants by handing over appointments and removal to tncro Influence ami lavoniism. ii iv is mo nxm i v worthiest claimant to gain the appointment, and the Interest or tho people to tnwtow It BBim hlm.it would seem elear that a wise ami Just method of n'ertalnlng personal Htness for omeo must needs tie an important and permanent function of every Jnt and wise (Jovommont. It has long since become, impossible In tho great offices for tho having tie; duty of nomination and appointment to personally examine Nto the 'ndlvtdual qitallfl-al!ons of more than a small pnqort Ion of these seeking ottlce. and with tint enlargement or Civil Service that proportion must continue to become less. In the earlier years of the flovernment tho stibonll' t nateortk.es were so tew la number that It was nHe easy for thotohiakltgapi,tnttMent8 and

Kverv worthy ottieer dtadraa to make hli of

ieml aethm mi rumor to hhi coimtry. But the people themselves, far more than tkeiritineer ih pubUe station, are mteretel In a pure, eeoHOmleal and vigoioua Administration, liy laws enacted in PM ami 1H6A. and now In substanee lntsirMrKti-d in the Hevited iHatute, the praetlce of arbitrary apioHttnciits to the several subonllndtH grades in the great Departments was emHlemnei, and examlnalivna h.1 to capaelty, to be eomluctel by the Departmental Hoards of Kxamlneis, were provided for and made conditioned admission to the public service. These statutes are a deelslon bvCongress that examlHatioiw of some sort aa to attainments and capacity are essential to the welbbolnff of the pulIlo service. The Important questions since thu enactment of theee laws have been as to the character of thCMi examinations, and whether oltlclai favor and partisan inMut-uec. or common right and merit were to oonttol the iteoeM to the examlimtloits. In practice these examinations have not always been open to worthy person generally who might wish to be exrmlHt!. Omelal favoritism and partisan Influence, as a rule, appear to have designated those who alone were permitted to go before the Kxnmlulng Hoards, subjecting even the Examiners to a preesuro from the friends of the candidate very illlfleult to resist, As a consequence, the standard of admission fell below that which the public Interest demanded. It was almost inevitable that a system which provided for various separatu Hoard of Examiners, with no common supervision or uniform method of procedure, shotibl result iu confusion, inconsistency, and Inadequate tests or capacity highly detrimental to tho public interest. A fuwher and more radical change was obviously required. In the annual message or December, 1870, my predecessor declared that "there Is no duty wh(eh so much embarrasses the Executive and heads or Departments as that of appointments, nor Is there any inch arduous duties and thankless labor Imposed on Senators and Itepreseututlvr-a a that or rinding places for ennsiltueiit. The present system docs not secure the best men, and nftennni even tit men, tor the publlo places, l'foo elevation nnd purification of thu Civil Service of theUovermnent will lie hailed with approval by the whole people of the United 3iatcs." Congress accordingly passed the act Miproved March ii, 1871, "To retaliate the Civil Perrloe of the United States and promot the eificlenoy thereof," giving tho necessary nuthorityto the Executive tninsugurHtonUlvlbHervleo reform. Acting under this statute, which was Interpreted us Intended to secure a system or Just and effectual examinations under uniform sujiervislon, a number of eminently competent persons were selected for thopiiiT0"- who entered with zeal upon the discharge of their duties, prepared with an intelligent appreciation of the requirements of the service and the regulations contemplated, and took charge of thocxamiuatlons, and who, iu their capacity as a Hoard, have been known as the CIvtl-Servlee Commission. Congress for two yearn appropriated the money ueeiieti for the compensation uhd for the oxikiim of earrylnjr on tbo work of tho Commission, it appears from then-port or the Commislou, submitted to thn President iu April, U'.i, that examinations had lwn held In vin fous sections of tbo eountry, and that an appropriation of alur Saft.Otf) would Ih required to meet the annual expenses, Including salaries, Involved In discharging the duties of the Commission. The rcHrt was transndlted to Congress by special .mowage of April IH, is", with tho following lavorablo comment upon the lalorsf the Commission: "If sustained by Congress, I havo no iloubt the rules can, after the exiterioneo waniosl, Ihjso lmproveil and onfortatd as to still more materbulv benertt tho public service, tun! relieve the Kxifiitivo, members ot .Congress and the heads of Departments from I ntluenees prejudicial to good administration. The rules, as they have hitherto been unforced, have tefiilted beneficially, as Is ahowii by the opinions of thn mcmbots of tho Cabinet and their subordinates in the Departments, and iu that opinion I concur." And la the annus'. message of Decemlterof thn same year similar views are expressed and an appropriation for continuing the work or the CommlssioH again advised. Tho appropriation was not made, mid, m a consequence, the active work or the Commission was suspended, leaving tho Commission Itseir still In existence without the means therefore of causing qualifications to be tested In any systematle manner, or of securing for the pubHo service the advantage's of competition upon any extensive plan. 1 recommended in my antiunl messago of December, 17T, the making or an appropriation forthe resumption of the work of the Commission. Iu the meantime, however, competitive examinations, tinder many emiwrrassmcuts, have lieen conducted within limited spheres in the Executive Departments in Wushingtou, and In a number of tho cits-toin-boue aad poet-nine of the principal cities of the. eountry, with a view to further test their effects, and In every instance thoy havo been found to lie as salutary as ihoy are atated to bnve been under tho Administration of my proueoessor. l think theecouomy.pi efficiency of ihe nubile service would urity and no greatly promoted by their systetnatlo introduction, wherever practicable, thnnighout tbo entire Civil Service of the Government, together with ample provision for their general supervision, In order to secure consistency and uniform justice lb-ports from the Secretary of the Interior, from tho Postmastor-General, from the PostniHster In the City of N"ew York, where such examinations have tan-it Tor ioiiiotlmoontrial, and also from the Collector of tho Port, the Naval Oltieers and the Surveyor In that city, and from tho Postmasters and collectors in several of the other large cities, show that the competitive system, where applied, has in various ways contributed to Improve tho public service. The reports show that the results havo been salutary In a marked degree, and that a general application of similar rules cannot fall to tie of decided benefit to the service, Thu reports of the Uovenimesvt officers in tlm City of New VoiTt twpectnlly beardeelded testimony to the utility of open competitive examination in their respective offices, showing that these examinations, and the excellent qualifications of those admitted to the service through them, have bad a marked Incidental effect euon t he Drapns previously In t.ie service, am particularly upon those aspiring to promotion. There has been on the part or the latter an Increased interest In tho work, and a desire to extend acquaintance with It lieyond tho jwrtioular desk occuplcd.and thus tho mnralo of the entire force has been raised. Tho examinations have been attended bv many citizens, who havo hac an opportunity to thoroughly Investigate tht scope and character of the tests, and tht BU'tHOUOi uetemuning ine resuus. nnu iniwit visiters have without exception approved tut methods employed, and several of them have putilieiy attestcuincir tavora in ij opinion. Upon such considerations I deem my ditty reeotmnenda tlort Dece tho i

to renew ine

contained In my atttittni message on win ihi iiHiowmw "Cl V" lu JL"

mlier, 1877, requesting Congress to makt ot otner Treaty rowers, ine at tent ion oiuon-

lieOCSSary appropriations tor tllO rCSUmp jrwih mrmii iimirii in laHBtiuimiv m mem.,r .i, ,l'.irv.if ,t,i. rivit-mirvicrt finnmi Jcmnitv funds received some veers since from

slon. Eemomywtll bopromntedby authw t span nnu -nina, waicn, wnn taeir aecumiiIzlng a mo-lcrateiximpensationto MJWiis Id laud interest, now amount to considerable tho public servleo who may perform cxtn . sums. If any mrt of those funds is Justly due labor uimnor wndcr tbo Cinnml'Slon as tht i to Amerkan cltlseiis, they should receive it Exccutlvo nmy dlrciet. I am eoavlnecd that promptly, and whatever may have been If a Just nnd r.deq-.Mtc test or merit be en- j wolvcHlbythHGoyenimentlnexetsofMrictforcetl for admission to tho public serv- f l Just demands should In some form be reIce, and iu tanking promotions, turned tn ithe nations to whom It equitably besuch abuses as reniovnls wlthoui .ongs. Ihe Government of China has signified eood cauo and psrtbmn and otW- It willlngnefs to consider the question of the

clal interference with tho proper exercises 01 thcapjiolntlng power will In large tneasurt tSsapticHr. There are other administrative ntiuses tn which the attention of Congrcst slimild Iw askeil In this eonneet ion, Mere pap tlsan appointments and tho constant peril ol removal without cause verv naturally lead tc an absorbing and tnisehoviotif political Itctl vit j ontho part of thootlius apprdtittil.whlehnot only Interferes with thodimdlsehnrgo of olH - clal duty, but - Is Incompatible with the rreodom of electUms.Notwlthoutwarrantinthoirlewrd several of my pw eeewors In tho Prwldentlal oitleo.and directly in acconlanco with tho law ol 1S71 already cited, I endeavored, by regttlatlOD made on the 2i or .lime, i77,to tnit some reasonnblo HtiMts to such

ich abuses. It may no! I that, through tho Judicious nnd energetlo acovcr, iK?rltis, iw nece Honor tho military commanders or tho two clslon thopmpcr limit I nations ou elthlT side of tho Klo Gnuid(

tie easv. and it inaynov ssrv. to doflun with nreclsl ofpolitleiH aollonoH the part of Federal offl - cers. ihit whiiottH'ir;riKnttt hom ami irceiv express their opinions cannot be tpiestloncd. It is veo !. I hat they should neither be allowed tu devote to other MtUJcctt tho time Heeded , for the jiropcr illsclwrgt or their MNclftl duties, nor to use tht authority of their ottkio to enforce their own opinions, or to eoore thn tiolltlual action ot those who hokl different oplnkms. Uoasons ol jttrtlee and tnthie ioHey yilU analoge to

ror the oppression of We private risen Impose upon the Government the duty uf jm teetlmr its otneeei and aeMtf 4ih3 aWflFary

axaatlou. In whatever aaneet oonalderetl. tie jimettee of makinir leviea or party parposes upon the salaries or omoers I highly demoralizing to tho public service and discreditable to the country. Though an omoer shouhl tie as free as any other citizen to give bis own money In aid or hit opinions or his party, be should also be as free as any other citizen to refuse to make such gift. If salaries are but a fair compensation forthe time and labor of the otneors, it is gross Injustice to levy a tax upon them. If they aro mado excessive in order that they may bear the tax, the excess is an indirect robbery of the publle funds. I recommend, therefore, suoh n revision and extension of the present statutes as shall secure to those in every grade of oWolal life or public employmenttbe jirotectlon with which a great and enlightened Nation shall guard those who are faithful In its service. . rUHHIHK NVCATIOIM. Our relations with foreign countries have continued peaceful. With Great Itritaln there are still unsettled qireatloiM, growing out of the local laws of tlm maritime provinces, and the notion of provincial authorities deemed to lie In derogation of rights secured by treaty to American fishermen. The United .States Minister In london Has lieen instructed to present a demand for f l(..ue in view or the damages received by American oiilzeiiK at Fortune flay on tho 6th day or J miliary, 187. The subject has been taken Into consideration by the llrltish Government, ami an early reply is anticipated. Upon the completion or the necessary preliminary examination, the subject or our participation in the provincial fisheries, as regulated by treaty, will at onoe Im brought to tho attention or the llrltish Government with a view to an early and permanent settlement of the whole question, which was only temporarily adjusted by tho Treaty of Washington. Efforts nave In-en made to obtain the removal of restrictions found Injurious to the exportation of cattle to the United Kingdom. Some correspondence has also occurred with regard to the rescue and saving of life and procrty upon tho lakes, which ha resulted in imiKrtniit niodiHeations or the previous regulations ol the Dominion Government on this subject. In the interest of humanity and commerce. In accordance with the Joint resolution of the last session of Congress, Commissioners were appointed to represent the United States at tho two International Exhibitions In Australia, one of which Is now in progress at Sydney, mid the other to bo held next year at Melbourne. A desire has been expressed by our merchants and manufacturers interested In tho Important and growing trado with Australia that an Increased provision should lie made by Congress for the representation of our Industries at the Melbourne Ex hibition ot next year, and the subject is respect fully ! sldcratkm. suutnnteu to your tavorauie oouThe assent of the Government has been given to the landing ou the coast of Massachusetts of a new and Independent transat lantlo cable lietween franco (by way of the French Island of St. Pierre) and this country, subject to any future legislation of Congreet on the subject. The conditions Imposed, before almwtng this connection with our shores to bo established, are such as o secure Its competition with any existing or future lines of marine cable, and preclude amalgamation therewith, and to pn vide for entire equality of rights to our Government and people with those of France iu the use of the cable, and prevent any exclusive poesslon of theprlvflego as accorded by France to the disadvantage of any ruture cable communication between France and the United States which may Ikj project ed and accomplished by our citizens. An important reduction of the present rates of communication with Europe, felt to bo too burdensome to tho Interests of our commerce, must necessarily Howfrom theestatdishment of this competing line. The attention of Congress was drawn to the propriety of somo general regulation by Congress or the whole subject of tratwniarlne cables by my predecessor In his message of December 7, 1K and I respectfully submit to your consideration the Imimrttinoe of Congressional action lu this matter. The questions of grave importance with Spsjn, growing out ot tho incidents of tho Cuban insurrection, have been forthe most part happily ami honorably settled. It may reasonably bo anticipated that the Commission now sitting In Washington for tho decision of private caoa iu this connection will soon bo able to bring its labors to a conclusion. The long-standing question of the East Florida claims baa lately Iwcn renewed as a subject of correspondence, ami may possibly require Congressional notion for Its final disposition. A treaty with tho Netherlands with respect to Consular rights and trivlleges similar to those with other powers has been signed and ratified, and tho ratiflcatious were exchanged on the 81st of July last. Negotiations ror extradition tn-:itios with J tho Netherlands and with Denmark are now In progress. Isomo questions with Switzerland In regard to pauper and convict emigrants have arisen, but It Is not doubted that they will bearranged upon a Just and satisfactory basis. A question has also occurred with respect to an asserted claim by Swiss municipal authorities to cxerclso tutelage over the jwrsons ana property of Swiss citizens jiaiuralrzod in this country. It is possible this may require adjustment by treaty. WitH the German Empire frequent questions arise in eonneettou with the subjects of naturalization and expatriation, but the Imperial Government has constantly manifested a desire to strictly maintain and comply with all treaty stipulations lu regard to them. Iu consequence of the omlslon of Congress to provide for a dldomtle representative at Athens, tho Legation to Gieeco has been withdrawn. There is now no clmuncl of diplomatic communication between tho two countries, and the expediency of providing for one in some form Is submitted to Congress. Relations with Austria, Hussla. Italy, Portugal, Turkey nnd llelglum continue amicable, and marked by no incident of especial Importance. A change of tho personal head of the Government of Egypt has taken place. No change, however, has occurred In the relations between Egypt and tho United States. The notion of tbo Egyptian Government In presenting to tho City of Now York ono of the ancient obelisks which possess auch historical interest Is highly appreciated as a generous mark of International regard. If prosperity mould attend tho enterprise of its transportation across the Atlantic, Its erection In a eoninlcumMnosition lu the chief commercial oltv t of the Nation will lie soon accomplished. t Tho treaty recently madebctween Janan and It tho United States In regard to tho revision of former commercial treaties, it Is now lielleved, , ?migrat on ot us suojecw to tno uniteu htates with a jtllspasslonate fairness, and toco-oierate la suob measures as may tend to prevent Injurious consequences to the Unitsd 'States. Tho negotiations are still procedlng, and will lie pressed with diligence. A jucstlon having arisen between China and Jaran about the Loochuo Islands, tho United tales Government tms taken measures to In1 form those powers of its readiness to extend ,ts good offices for the maintenance or peace, f they shall mutually deem It desirable, and Smj k practicable to avail themselves of tha THKHoamcH KAtna, tr is ft rrsttHestiou to be able to announce 1 under tho Instructions, .of under tno uiitructHms. m inen; nspectJw Udvvmmunti, raids nnd depredations have greatly decreased nmu In localities whOro they were rormerly most destructive, have now almost, wholly ceased, lit vluvr of this result, I entertain a confident nxpectalion that tho or.ntlniwnco or thH prcvalente of qukit on tho bonier will soon beeonio ti) assured as to JitdUy a mmtlflCiUloM or the present orders to mir military commanders as to oreselfHr the border without eeiHfltHf.tb

HsWUIlMUUMfesl U WJIM III f bo tsf thetwf eowitrtos.

i ne itHrai mm mum Mexlei Master CMi I, iw wj duly wild, eounw of dlstrlbutHMi nfrress provWmg for the tame. Ths t.setory sltuatbm between the two sotuitrMa lewis ins to antleiatt an expansion m mn traile with Mexico, and an Increased eontribwlion of capital and Industry by our peoul to Ihe development of the great resources of that, cshi mry. I earnestly oommend to the wisdom of Congress the provision of suitable legiatar tintihMiklngtothlsressstt. , , Dlldomatlu intercourse with Colombia la again fully restored by the arrival of the Minister from that emwtry to the United States. This is especially fortunate in a lew of the fset that the question of an Inter-oeiMiale eanal has recently assumed a new and important aMMfct ami in nOw under diseussmn with the Central Amenesn con ntries,th rough whose terrltor" tho oansl by the Nicaragua route would have to pas. It i trusted that enbghtened statesmanship on their tmrt will see that the early prosecution of sneb wirk will largely inure to the benefit, not only of their own citlsens ami those of the United States, but of the commerce of tno civilized world. It is not doubted that, shouhl the work beundertaken under the proteetive unsplces of tho United States, and upon satisfactory concessions fr the right of way and Its security by the Central American Governments, the capital for it cow plot lea would readily tm furniehei) from this eountry and Europe, which might, failing aach guarantees, prove inaccessible. Diplomat le relations with Chill havoalso been strengthened by the rt'oeptlon of a Minister from that etmnlry. The war lietween Peru, Hollvla ami Chill still continued. The United States have not deemed It proper to lntcnmse In the matter, further than toeonvey to all the Governments concerned tho assurance that the friendly cittce of the Government or the United States for Ihe restoration or peace upon an honorable bast will lie extended in case the liclligcrents fball exhibit a readiness to accept them. Cordial relations lontlnue with Ilrazll and thn Argentine lteimlHle, and trado with those countries is improving. A provision for regular and more frequent mull communication in our ships between the liorts of this country and tho nations or Soath America seomstonie to ikwerve tho attention of Congress as an essential precursor of an enlargeineutof ourcommeroo with them and an extension of our carrying trade. A recent revolution In Veneruela has been followed by thu establishment of a Provisional Government. This Government has not yet been formally recognised, ami it is deemed desirable to await the projweed action of the people, which is expected to give it the sanction of constitutional forms. A naval vessel has been sent to the Samoan Islands to make surveys and tako possession ot the privileges ceiled to the United States by Samoa In the Harbor or Pago-Pago. A coaling nation is to lie etabltebed there, which will be conveclcnt and useful to United States vessels. The subject of opening diplomatic rclatlona trlth HoumanUt and Servla, now become Independent soTcrelirattes, Is " present under consideration, and lathe subject of dlpkunatle eorresponde oo. There is a gratifying Increase of trade wltb nearly all European and American countries, and it it believed that with Judicious notion in regard to its development it can and will be still more enhanced, mid that American IHwJucts and manufactures will nnd new and expanding markets. The reports of diplomats and consular officers upon this subjeet. under the system now adopted, have resulted in olttalnlng much valuable information, which 1ms lieen and will continue to be laid before Congrees and the public from time to Un,e . ALASKA. The third article of the treaty with Iltissia of March 3), 187, by which Alaska was ceded to the United States, provides that the inhabitants or the ceded territory, with the exception of the uncivilized native tribes, shall ba admitted to the enjoyment of all tne rights of citizens of the United States, ami shall be maintained and protected in the free enjoyment of tbelr liberty, of property ami religion. The uncivilized tribes are subject to such laws and regulations as the United States may from lime to time adopt In regard to the aboriginal tribes of that country. Both the obligations ot this treaty and the necessities of the pcirnte require that some organized form of government over the Territory of Alaska lie adopted. There appears to be no law for the arrest of persoas charged with common law offenses, such as assault, robbery and murder, nnd no magistrate author! seil to Issue or execute p recess ia sacli case. Serious difficulties have already arisen from offenses of this chftraeter, not only anions; the original inhabitants, but among citizens or the United States and other countries who have cugaged in mining, Ashing and other business operations within the Territory. A bill authorizing tho appointment of Justk-esof the Peace and Constables, and tho arrest aim detention of jiersons charged with criminal offenses, and providing for an appeal to United States Crntrts for the District ot Oregon In suitable cases will, at the proper time, be submitted to Congress. THE I'tlWMC FINANCES. The attention of Congress Is called to the annual report of the Secretary of tho Treasury on the condition or tbcjfuibtlc tlnanees. Tho ordinary revenues rrom ail sources ror the nseni year einieu June ao. iP7, were fZ7U,s7,ltf4.li"1. The ordinary expenditure for the Mine pcrmd were 3(W7,w3.8. leaving a surplus revenue for the year of fa,S.9,SW.8R. Tho receipt for tho present fiscal year, ending June 3d, lew, actual and estimatcii, aro as toiiqws: actual receipts for the first quarter, commenc ing July 1, IbTS, 79,MMM.si: estimated receipt forthe remalnlngthree-qtiar ters of tho year. 92tXA.V$ iK Total rect Hrta forthe current fiscal year, actual and ostiumtd, WK.OWO). The expenditures ror the same period will be, actual and estimated, as follows: Forthe quarter commencing July 1, 1S7. actual expenditures, fsl,s.;.Hl. For the remaining three-quarters or tho year the expenditures aro estimated at flTO 11,61.P0, making the total expen ditures yH,twu,(i. ami leaving an esti mated surplus revenue ror tho year ending June 3D, 1880, of tJJM.ftOO.000. Tho total receipts during the next fiscal year ending June 30, lStq, estimated according to existing laws, win tie f,vJ,w.o, ami me estimated ordinary expenditures for the samo period win do rzis.isft.i.in.w. leaving a mini oh or f,K,a.Ti.l for that year. The large amount cxiK'tiucti ror arrears ot pensions uunngtae last and tho preseut fiscal years, amounting to ?il,77.8,lkl. has prevented the application of tho full amount rooulred by law to the Sinking-Fund forthe current year, but, these arrearw having neen substantially pant, it believed that the Sinking-Fund can hereafter tie maintained without auv change of the existing law. WAU DEPARTMENT. Thn Secretary of War reports that the War Department estimates forthe fiscal year end ing .itino m, arc ;h!,;rj,us.!s, tae same lielng for a less sum of money titan any annual ostlmat) rendered to Congress from that Department during a period of at least twelve jcars. Ho concurs with the General of the Army In recommending such legislation aa will authorize tbo enlistment of the full num ber or 25,u men for tho imo or tho army, exclusive or the 3,40 men required for detached duty,and therefore not avallatde for service in tho field. He also rccommends that congress be asked to provweuy law for ttiOillAttnsItlori or u lanro number of alatniloncd military posts awl reservations, which, though very valuable in tnetnseivos, have lieen rendered uselees for military pur poses by tho advance of tivlllzatkm and set tlement, nommes wnn ine vunriernnwierOenernl In recommending that an appropriation bo tnsdo ror the construction ot a cheap andnorrectly nre-moof building for the safe storage of a vast amount of money, accounts. vouchers. Claims ami otaer vanmuw reconw now in the Quartermaster-General's omce, and exposed to great risk of total destruction ")y tire. He also recommends, In cmrcrralty with tho viowa of tho Judge-Advocate General, somo declaratory legislation In reference to the military statute of limitations, as applied to tno crime of aeeertkm. la these 6tV end reeonunenilaUoa I ooneur. The Secretary ot War further rsportatarw Iho work for the mprovement of the Sow h PaVof tho Mississippi' River, .under wmtraet with Mr. James, tt. Ends, made buniwua nop ot inaii tvfConirress, has twOn prosecuted durlag the iHt ir with KWWJ! mniirov)ni .T. . .'.5 ..V .utu than ueeeaa in t auaiuuH-ni. n.li-iiii luring any- previous year. Ihreugh the South whkh, at the bft CONTISCK" OK S tXTH I'A 9H,

a tae awasji ilQuiuAefay and has bedii