Jasper Republican, Volume 2, Number 18, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 14 January 1876 — Page 1

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THE NEWS.

The following is the statement of the condition of the puMto debt Jan. 1: Six per cent. bond* Five per cent, bonds 67u.584.750 Total coin bond. >1.688,000,150 gaSirjrS-..:::::::::: :: Fractional carrency . <4.147,072 Coin certificate. Sl,*#Moo Interest Total debt>2,245,948.986 Caah in TrexeuryCoin >79,884,448 Currency U,117,344 Special deposit, held for the redemption of certificate* of depoalt,aa provided by law 85,175,009 Total in Treasury >128,116,792 Debt less cash in Trea5ury....>2,119,832,194 Increase during December.. 1,M5,0ei t’Decrease since June 30, 1875.8.856,531 Bond* issued to the Pacific Railway Companies, interest payable in lawful money, principal outstanding » . .••••••»•••• *64,023,512 Interest accrued and not yet paid... Interest paid by the United States. 28,202,807 Interest repaid by the transportation of mails, etc... 6,668,927 Balance of interest paid by United States 81,538,880

A London dispatch of the 4th says a Ministerial crisis impended at Pesth, in consequence of the demands of Hungary for the forced circulation of Hungarian bank-notes in Austria. According to a Berlin dispatch of the 4 th-the German Government had replied favorably to the American note in relation to intervention in Cuban affairs. Lord Lytton has been appointed Viceroy of India, in place of Lord Northbrook. Sir Anthony Rothschild, of the eminent banking firm, died in London on the 4th. A conspiracy has lately been discovered at Belgrade to make Karageorgewitch the reigning Prince of Bervia, and several important arrests have been made. • A Washington telegram of the 4th says the rumor of a difference of opinion between the President and Secretary Fish concerning Cuban affairs was untrue. The United States currency outstanding on tiie 31st of last month aggregated $416,* 505,437. Thb remaining libel suits of Henry C. Bowen against the Brooklyn Eagle have been withdrawn, the Eagle agreeing to pay, without appeal, the SI,OOO awarded Mr. Bowen in the first suit The New York Legislature organized on the 4th by electing Senator Robertson President of the Senate and Assemblyman Husted Speaker of the House. A wooden box containing shot has been lately found in a warehouse in New* York, which was brought over in the steamer Celtic in October by Thomas, the dynamite fiend, and which he endeavored to have insured at Liverpool as containing $30,000 in gold co’n. Thb Minnesota Legislature organized on the 4th, both houses electing Republican officers —Chas. W. Johnson being reelected Secretary of the Senate and W. R. Kenyon Speaker of the House. An explosion occurred in a coal mine in Staffordshire on the 4th, which caused the death of five persons. A Constantinople dispatch of the sth says Server Pasha, who was sent to Herzegovina at the outbreak of the insurrection, had been recalled. The Brazilian telegraph cable between Lisbon and Madeira is broken. A Vienna dispatch of the sth says Count Andrassay’s project for reform in the insurrectionary districts of Turkey had been assented to by France and Italy. Spain has created a commission to take charge of Spanish products at the Philadelphia Exhibition. „The New Hampshire Republican State Convention met at C mcord on the sth and nominated Person U. Cheney, of Manchester, for Governor, and William A. Pierce, of Portsmouth, for Railroad Commissioner. The resolutions adopted favor specie payments; a revenue tariff with incidental protection; unalterable opposition to the third term; full, fair and free exercise of every right of citizenship for freedmen; a just and forbearing policy toward the South; approve of the present National Administration; favor the proposed amendment to the Constitution of the United States in relation to school moneys and condemn the action of the Democratic majority in the National House of Representatives in its dealings with maimed Union soldiers formerly in the employ of that body. Hamilton, Richardson & Whitney, dry-goods jobbers of Boston, failed on the sth with liabilities placed at $350,000. Two failures were reported in New York city, one of them being Hunting & Earle, manufacturing jewelers. The Ohio State Agricultural Convention met at Columbus on the Sth. Among the resolutions adopted was one urging Congress to grant a reasonable subsidy to the Centennial Exhibition. A Vienna dispatch of the 6th says the Herzegovinian insurgents had lately suf- . sered a disastrous defeat in the vicinity of Nicisie and Dnga, 600 being killed and many wounded. The Paris Presse of the 6th contains an account of a terrible land-slide which occurred in Isle Reunion on the 11th of December. Sixty-two persons were killed and many injured. A status of Grattan was unveiled in front of the old Parliament House, in Dublin, on the 6th. A Berlin dispatch of the sth says the Prussian War Office have » machine similar to that used by Thomassen. It was offered them by a man from New York, in 1870. for the destruction of the French fleet. ' Rt. Hon. Southern Buckhall EsteppraT. Secretary of the Some Depart-

THE JASPER REPUBLICAN.

VOLUME 11.

ment in 1860, died, on his estate near London, on the 6th* f t ,;r v sxsh.‘ Jo«fh Bore, the defaulting City Treasurer of Bnffain returned to that city on the Sth and surrendered himself to tiro authorities. Be was held to bail in bonds of $50,000. William Murray and Frederick Meyer were hanged at Pittsburgh, Pa., on the 6th, for the murder, in November, 1874, of a German farmer named Gottehardt Wahl. ’■ 1"-. - - r ' \ ■ In his late message to the Mississippi Legislature Gov. Ames calls attention to the late State election, recites alleged cases of violence growing out of the political canvass, and says such violence had the effect to intimidate many voters. He attributes this alleged intimidation and trouble to the race question and the efforts of the whites to reassert their old supremacy. He recommends the modification of the fundamental laws of the State so as to bring about a better feeling between the races. The State finance*, are reported as unprecedentedly favorable. Thb Democratic caucus of the Mississippi Legislature on the 6th unanimously nominated X- Q- C. Lamar for United States Senator. A wrestling-match between Maj. Jas. H. McLaughlin, of Detroit, andW. J. Benjamin, of Washington, D. C., for $4 ,000 and the championship of the world, took place in the former city on the evening of the 4th. McLaughlin was victorious. \ Thb next Illinois State Fair-w to be held at Ottawa, beginning Sept. 4.

The Louisiana Democratic State Convention met at New Orleans on the 6th and adopted a series of resolution declaring that “ the usurpation of the Government of the State of Louisiana through the perversion of the functions of the General Government is an evil which weighs heavily on the people of this State, and a constant menace to the perpetuity of representative institutions that the Wheeler adjustment had no reference whatever to the elections of 1872, and was expressly limited to two contested seats in the State Senate and seventeen in the House; that the memorial of the people of Louisiana, praying for relief at the hands of Congress, be again presented to that body; fa vein g a return to specie payment as soon as it can be done without material injury to the interests of the country. A memorial to Congress protesting against the Kellogg Government and declaring that McEnery and Penn are the official heads of the State Government was also adopted. A Constantinople telegram of the 7th says the Grand Vizier had rejected the scheme of foreign mediation, and was reported to have said to the Austrian Ambassador who presented it that the Sublime Porte was able to give the people of the provinces all the necessary guarantees for reform. It was also reported that Montenegro had dispatched troops to the frontier, had negotiated a loan of $1,000,000 and had contracted with an American firm to deliver 10,000 rifles and sixty cannon in March. Charles Buthebs, a cotton-spinner at Oldham, England, failed on tbe 7th for $1,000,000. Easton & Milnß’s banking-house at Fall River, Mass., suspended, on the 7th. On the same day the failure of Philip Stiner, a tea merchant of New York, who had eighteen stores scattered throughout the city, was announced. His liabilities are placed at $138,000; assets $38,000. A little boy who proved to be J ames Blanchard, of Milford, N. H., created considerable excitement at Bt. Albans, Vt., a few days ago by claiming to be the lost Charley Ross. He proved to be a prodigious liar and was taken to his home in Milford on the 7th. Wonderly & Co., lumbermen, of Grand Rapids, Mich., suspended on the 7th, with liabilities of over $200,000.

The Democracy of Texas have nominated: For Governor, Richard Coke; Lieutenant-Governor, B. Hubbard; Presidential Electors, D. G. Giddings and B. H. Epporaon; Attorney-General, H. H. Boone; State Treasurer, J. Dow; ChiefJustice, O. M. Roberts. Frank Scott (colored) was hanged at Memphis, Tenn., on the 7th, for the murder, in December, 1874, of an old negro for ninety cents which the latter owed him. He made a short speech on the gallows, concluding by saying that the cords were cutting his arms, and he would rather be hanging. Bill Williams (also colored) was hanged at Bartlett, Tenn., on the same day, for murder, he denying the crime to the last. At Jackson, Tenn., also on the 7th, Milton McLean was banged for the murder of a man named Pope. . A report that Austria was preparing for war was authoritatively denied on the Bth. While the Prince of Wales and his party were engaged in pig-sticking near Lucknow, India, on the Bth, Lord Carrington had his Collar-bone broken. According to a Madrid telegram of the Bth there had been a heavy fall of snow in the province of Gulpuzcea, which had greatly interfered with military operations. The authorities had lately issued a notice to mariners, warning them not to approach the coast east of Bilbao, on account of the danger from Carlist batteries. The Belgrave cotton-mills at Oldham, England, carrying 50,000 spindles, were burned on the Sth, involving a loss of |250,000. Dr. Strousberg, the bankrupt railway contractor, has been released from imprisonment oh parole. s ■. Near Odessa (Russia) on the Bth a railway train filled with military recruits ran off tfeg track and plunged down a steep

oun AiM: TO wui; GOft TKIX THE THUTH AND MAKI MONEY.

RENSSELAER, INDIANA. FRIDAY, JANUARY 14, 1876.

embankment. The before they could be extricated. The number killed was sixty-eight and fifty-four -wseb Injured, some of thesa fatally- - J hl his annual report the Librarian of Congress, Mr. A. R. Spafford, states that there are now in the Congressional Library 593,507 volumes, against 274,159 on the Ist of December, 1874. Mt. Spaffwd again calls attention to the urgent necessity for separate building for the National Library, to prevent overcrowding. A New York telegram of the 9th states that ail the Churches invited by Mrs. Moulton to take part in the mutual council had accepted the invitation. An effort has recently been made by the friends of Edward S. Stokes, imprisoned for the shooting ot Junes Fisk, to procure his pardon, but Gov. Tilden has denied the application. Hon. J. Y. Scammon, former President of the Mechanics’ National Bank, a suspended Chicago institution, and J. S. Reed, his cashier and son-in-law, have been lately indicted by a Chicago Grand Jury on the charge of misappropriating a large amount of the funds ot the bank. In a card dated Washington, Jan- 8, Mr. Scammon emphatically denies the alleged embezzlement. . t An interesting experiment in telegraphy was made in Milwaukee, on the Bth, which demonstrated that, by the use of new instruments, eight messages can be simultaneously transmitted over a single telegraph wire. The discoverer of the new system is Mr. Elisha Gray, of Chicago. A few nights ago some burglars broke into a store in Osborn, Mo., stole a bottle of chloroform, and then proceeded to drug all the inhabitants of the town. They went through both hotels, all the stores and many of the dwelling-houses, securing several thousand dollars, after which they escaped.

CONGRESSIONAL PROCEEDINGS.

On the sth CongreeereKseemb’ed. Several petitions and memorials were presented in the Senate. Among the bills introduced was one by Mr. Morrill, of Vermont, to fhrther provide for the re. demption of United States legal-tender notes in accordance with existing laws; by Mr. Allison, to divide the State of loxa into two judicial districts ; by Mr. Conkling, to amend the act entitled “An act to provide national currency secured by pledge pf United States bonds snd to provide for the circulation and redemption thereof’—approved June 30,1864; by Mr. Harvey, to provide for an investigation of the Rocky Mountain locuata or so-called grasshoppers. Mr. Morton’s State-rights resolutions and his resolution to authorize the appointment of a committee to investigate the cTtcutnstances attending the recent election in Missis, sippl were laid over, the latter until the 10th.... In the House, ai his own request, Mr. Hewitt was relieved from the Committee on Public Buildings, and he was ■ placed on the Committee on Foreign Relations, Mr. Ely exchanging. Among the bills introduced return to the pension rolls the names of persons stricken therefrom for disloyalty; to insure the success of the Internationa] Exhibition at Philadelphia, and to maintain the honor of the nation; to pay soldiers and Sailors who are entitled to bounty lands a dollar per acre for those lands. A resolution was offered instfttcting the Committee on Naval Affairs to inquire as to whether any Government fuiidg appropriated for naval purposes had been misapplied, foj: political purposes or had been used to promote the success of the Republican party, and, after bemff modified so as to read any political party, was adopted. Resolutions were also adopted—declaring that in all cases of public employment (all other things being equal) the soldier shall have preference over the civilian, and that the House is in fitvor ot giving liberal pensions to diseased and crippled soldiers, their widows and children, and their dependent fathers and mothers; that in the distribution of the patronage of tbe House of Representatives, and ot the Government generally, those elected, and who by law have the appointment of subordinates, should only regard the Jeffersonian test: “Is he honest! Is he faithftri? Is he capable 7” instructing the Committee on Pnbhc Buildings to inquire Into charges of mismanagement and fraud in the construction of the Custom-House at Chicago. r ; g On tne 6th the'-Committee on Privileges and Elections made a report in the Senate on the resolution in regard to the election of President pro tem., to tbe effect that they had agreed—five to two —that the Senate, had the right to elect a new pro tem. President if a majority of the Senators so desired. A large number of bills were introduced and referred. Mr. Morrill called np the bill introduced by him the day before to further provide for the redemption of 1e,.a1-tender - notes, and addressed the Senate on the question of specie resumption, and moved that tbe bill be referred to the Committee on Finance, which was finally done after several Senators had made speeches on the subject. The report of the Director of the Mint was presented recommending Indianapolis and St. Louis as desirable sites for branch mints at the West.... Several bills and resolutions were introduced in the House, among thelatter bring one declaring against a further contraction' of the currency, which was referred to tbe Ways and Means Committee. A resolution was adopted for the appointment of a select committee to Inquire into the inroads, robberies and murders along the Mexican border in Texas, as was alio a resolution for inquiry into the expediency oi opening tire Black Hills country to settlement by purchase from the Indians. Mr. Blaine offered a substitute to Mr. Randall’s Amnesty bill, excepting Jefferson Davis from its provisions, and prescribing sn oath to be taken by parties desiring the removal of their political disabilities. A resolution was passed by a unanimous votq declaring that the representatives of the people in Congress should do no act which would unnecessarily disturb the fraternal feeling and good-will now existing in all parts of the country, nor wantonly revive the bitter memories of the past. House adjourned to tbe 10th. On the 7th no important business was transacted in the Senate. A memorial from the Minnesota State Grange asking for an appropriation for opening a water channel, by way of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, to connect the Missisippi River with the lakes was presented and referred, as were also memorials of the Arkansas Legiriature asking for appropriations for the improvement of White River and for the construction of national leveea to reclaim the alluvial lands of the Mississippi River. Adjourned to the 10th .... House not in session.

THE MARKETS.

Livb Stock.—Beef Cattle— Hoge —Live, >7.5007.75. Sheep—>s.ooo7 00. Bbxadbtutts.—Flonr—Good to choice, >5.400 5.90; white wheat extra, >5.9607.75. Wheat—No 9 Chicago, >1.2101.22; No. 2 Mil wankee upriag, >1.2801.24. Rye—Western and State, 88@95c. Barley—>l.oool.lo. Corn-Mixed Western, St ©62c. Oats—Mixed Western, 4*04 c. PxovMioxt.—Pork—Mesa, >20.75021 .CO. Lard -Prissie {lean.

-a jd Luu; uEUCAQO. ■ i. Un SrecE-BrewM-Cmeiee, >5J5«5.00; good, >4.M)©5.«; rniti— batchFreX^ W »4©25c. Pork—Mess, 519.20515.25. Lord—SlktaQl 2 - 40 - •.. L.. ■ ■ 7, ■ BBBAXwrvm- —Floor—Whit® Winter Xxtra, >4.75©7.50; epring extra, >4.0005.25. WheitSpring, No. 044 c. Oate—No. 2,29MO*Xc. Rye—no. 2, 65%@66c. Barley—No. 2, 77H@78c. Lvmxn-nbrt and Second Clear, >40.60© 42.00; Common Boards, Fencing, >12.09©18.00; “A” Sblnglee, >S.7SbaOO; LaA, >1.75©2.00. libbbty Lrra Stock.—Beeves—Beet, >6.00©5.60; me<Mnm, >4.50©5.25. Hogs-Yorkese, >7.0007.35; PhiladelphiM, >7.60©7.75. Sheep-Beet, >5A5© SAO; medium, >4.75©5.60. . ; ; ;

ITEMS OF INTEREST.

A -he game-Getting married. . Sealskin bonnetsare the n||Mh? t Sombttmes gets out of temper —Steel . A PAIR of pinchers—Those tight boots. Tub hardest part of the cradle—The rock. Often “hauled over the coals” —The poker. J ./ r' I. Emily Faithfull does not believe in wearing crape. A bawl of worsted—The cry of a spanked child. Business when flat on its back of course has to look up. The bean in Montana are hibernating under six feet of snow. There were 44,400 deaths from cholera in Syria the past summer. If yoh find it hard splitting wood, suppose you split the difference. Wbak men are the hardest to control.. They have no more backbone than an angleworm. ’'V-*'-The man who was asked to sing a solo said he would if his friend would help him duet Thb old custom of having wedding in vitations given orally by the bride herself is again being revived. Why must the letter “D” be the most wonderful letter in the alphabet ? Because it is the center of “ wonder.” At a recent fair held in Baltimore a chair was voted to the laziest policeman, but he was too lazy to accept it. The Silver Woild, published at Lake City, Col., was started before the town had a Postoffice, and the editor carried his earlier editions about 100 miles to mail them. There is an old lady in the vicinity of Old Fort, N. C., who has, with the assistance of a large dog, captured two or three escaped convicts, delivered them to the officers and received the reward. It does not follow that a man is a Christian because he accepts a creed and attends a fashionable church any more than that "he is a gun because he swallows the powders.—A r . Y. Herald. A Paris letter says that the Americans are not at all behind the Russians as accomplished skaters, and there are two or three Americans in Paris who can hold their own with the best of the world.

There is commotion among the bosses in the employ of the Maine Central Railroad on account of an Order to discharge such as cannot read and write; four “boss ■ section men” have lost their positions, one of them after a service of twenty-five years. He says that he is going to master his a b c’s or die. Mrs. Ruth Southworth, widow of : Edward Southworth, of Plymouth, Me., ! ninety-eight years old, has gone to keeping house for her son, doing her own work of cooking, washing, scrubbing, etc.*, with all the cheeriness and zeal with .which she entered on these duties in her early married life. A sylph-like lady school-marm, in . Yonkers, N. Y., lately whipped thirty-five school children one forenoon for refusal to learn their geography lesson. Then she kicked the stove over, slammed the door of the house from its hinges and Walked home like a queen of victory. The children say that her touch was warmer than the thickest woolen drawers, and that her arm. moved liked the hind leg of a mule.

There is more or less incredulity of the centenarians so frequently reported nowadays. It is certainly true that people are living longer, or ths Newspapers, are more industrious in finding out the old ones, or there is more lying on the subject of old age, than formerly. The State census in New York, this year, slibws 109 people in that State who are over 100 years old, which is nineteen more than were found ten years ago, Brooklyn has several of the oldest, including the very oldest, Sarah Hicks, aged 114.' About half of the whole number were foreign-born, twelve were colored, and two Indians. | A gentleman named Wall, residing at Phderiixvnie, has several very fine canary birds which he has given much attention. One of the birds he has taught to sing “ Home, Sweet Home,’’ clearly and distinctly. His mode of instruction is as follows: He placed the canary in a room where it could not hear the singing of other birds, and suspended its cage from the ceiling so that the bird would see its reflection in a mirror. Beneath the glass he placed a musical-box that was regulated to play no other tune but “ Home, Sweet Home.” Hearing no other sounds but this, and believing the proceeded from the bird it saw in the mirror, the young canary soon began to catch the notes, and finally accomplished what its owner had been laboring to attain, that of singing the song perfectly. Mf.Wallhas been offered and refused S2O for this yellow-throated soprano.—Reading (P#.) Eagle,

HA&ELEBB. ' ;:r Tama Is a ■*» «<> sweet, eo Sear, AMI conid never write it here. Where careless eyes perchance might see liiwsfsreanretome; A JittSe natee, one annuls jwerd. Soft as the twitter of atari. Brooding above her tiny nert; Bot oh I it is the dearest, best; And softly I’ll that name repeat Until my heart shall cease to beat! There fa a little, plaintive song My heart repeats the whole daylong; I heard it once st day’s decline, , : Low breath'd by Ups dose pressed to mine. I would not that a careless ear Should cateh the song Hove to hear; . So my heart's throbbing? come and go , r As to myself I breathe ft 1OW; Soul-music holy, dad and deep, WftMn my heart of hearts I keep. There is a heart so warm and true. And eyee of pure and tender hue; I know fttil well I need not fear j, , What fate may bring, if they are near. 0 fond, true f|ith, on which I rest, And own myself so richly bleet! Oh, faithful friend, for whom I yearnl And cdnul thb hours tin they return c ;• The name, the song, the heart I dim, I keep for thee, and thee alone !*-*

THE MISCHIEF OF PROVERBS.

Pboyerbs at best are seldom more than partial truths, and at worst are often the meanest of falsehoods. They are specious generally, and their speciousness frequently veils their sophistry and their moral deformity. v , ■ - ! “ The'world owes a man a living” Is one of the pleasant fallacies by which both lazy and unprincipled fellows seek to evade duty to themselves and responsibility to others. The world may possibly owe a man a living, when irreparable adversity has overtaken him; when he has failed after repeated trials, or when he cannot get work. But it certainly does ■not if he folds his arms or, through wretched vanity pride, refrains from honest labor which he counts unworthy. He in whose mouth the phrase oftenest is, is very apt to be a professional loafer or sponge, ot, still worse, a genteel swindler—a borrower of money without expectation or thought of its return. He affects to believe that the world is indebted to him, although he has rendered it no service; has given it absolutely nothing to base an obligation on. He is usually a drone in the beehive of life; a claimant of merit he does not possess; a sycophant, a sham and a bully combined. Beware of the man who is voluble about the debt this busy ball has incurred by his birthl He is not to be trusted. His fondness for the proverb indicates his antipathy to work—and the enemy of work is the enemy of society—offers just ground for suspicion; is an argument against his character. The few men who are the world’s creditors will be very sure to keep silent concerning the fact, if they recognize it; though the great probability is that they will be too modest to be conscious of their large deserving. . There is a pride in merit that bridles the tongue as well as humbles the judgment of its own performance. But the, fellow who has the globe on the debit side pf his ledger can rarely balance his account save by a liberal entry of unmitigjble self-conceit. i “ All stratagems are fair in loye and (war” ds one of the most atrocious sentiments ever nttered. An ingenious deviltry lies in its wording; for it couples two things that are entirely opposite. Love is the antipode of war; not its contradiction (done, but its extinction. Assent to the latter part of the proverb might be readily gained; but never to the former from any kind of moral sanity. The cunning of the verbal contrivance is therefore palpable. The enormity of half the phrase is concealed in the plausibility of the other half. .1

Stratagems in love 7 Who can think of them without abhorrence? The connection is unnatural, inhuman. Mephistopheles lurks in the suggestion. Love is the one thing above augftt else that should be dealt within strictest honesty; that should be reverenced, worshiped, glorified. To take any Advantage of love would be—if anything were—an unpardonable sin; for love is the queen of virtues, the angel'part of our common humanity. It is so pure, so sweet, so tender, so generous, so noble, so confiding, so spontaneous, that to wrong it by a thought—much more to deceive it—is wicked ifi the extreme. And then to employ stratagem deliberately, and likewise to justify it, is simply infamous. He would be bold indeed who should have the courage to father so vile a maxim. The bitterest cynic has never said anything to surpass or exceed this which strikes at all faith, and in its spirit aims to strangle what is best in human nature. 1

‘ Not one person in a hundred that quote the words takes in their entire meaning. The attention is directed to stratagem and war—those two terms linger in the mem-ory-rand love and the suggestion of its monstrous treatment are kept in the background until familiarity with the phrase renders the whole acceptable. If the adage should be to curtailed as to include love only, there are not many who would not be startled by its utterance. Then it would stand—it should so stand with its present appendage—as a semi-apology of rouee and profligates to public decency; and the right kind of people would never mention it except in condemnation. ** Charity begins at home” is generally the excuse of selfishness for lack of generosity. Yet many who are not naturally selfish may be made so by taking what they deem a prudential admonition too much to heart. Applied to the overliberal, the proverb may be, and doubtless often is, a corrective. The mischief is that they who need its restraining influence seldom use or heed it In the main, it is the oral property of the morbid and the covetous, and, to strengthen themselves In thefr soididness, they employ the

NUMBER 18.

phrase to the detriment of others whose character is yrt unformed, but whose tendency is in the wrong direction. The charity that begina at home is prone to stay and end there. And he who preaches the doctrine tain constant danger es carrying its practice to a point of positive niggardliness. OTa kindred kind is “ Self-preservation is the first law of nature.” As everybody knows, or ought to know. the meaning of the axiom is literal and absolute. As such it cannot be gainsaid. But it should he, when it is put forward as a warning against benevolence, as a curb to any disposition to help the needy. Self preservation, being an instinct, needs no enforcement from proverbial popularity. They that are perpetually telling us that it is the first %aw are usually the very persons who might make us wish it were the last law; for then they might »o forget themselves for a moment as to drop out of the world to which they add nothing but a bad example. “ What is the good of having friends unless you use them 7” is often jocosely asked i but the friends are oftener obliged to answer sertoßaly. The proverb is in bad taste, to say the least, and its repetition evinces a grievous want of sensibility, if nothing worse. Friendship springs from sympathy, from spiritual affinity, from mutual understanding and appreciation, and ought to be a reciprocal incentive to advancement, improvement, to a larger and better life. To put ft primarily to material use is to degrade and profane It. The nature capable of understanding or feeling friendship will be slow to ask

the rhetorical question unless playfully or satirically. And such a nature never will and netet can act upon it. There is quite enough in this bustling, necessarily prosaic world to dwarf and destroy our ideals, without our volunteering any cynical and superfluous aid thereto. A true friend is so willing and anxious to assist us in every honorable way possible, that we should be careful not to give him excess of opportunity. Besides, to use a friend, in the general sense of the verbals ignoble, and must soon result in the fracture of friendship; for no friend can long consent to be used without a certain loss of self-respect, without which friendship is impracticable. No doubt there is a constant temptation with many persons to employ their friends to their own advantage without thought of reciprocity; and quoting the proverb strengthens the temptation and justifies the habit. Never let the aphorism pass your lips, however jocularly, lest you be suspected, in the first place, of meaning it, and secondly, lest you prompt others to do what they shall eventually regret. “ Guilt is always timid” is one of the phrases that must have been coined in the mint of ignorance. The student of human nature knows that guilt, and that of tiie deepest order, is very often so superlatively audacious that it cannot be frightened ot abashed. What is termed wickedness is very different actually from the thing it is theoretically. It is sincerely conscious of itself (the popular notion is that it is ever adpalled by its own image), and when it is conscious it sees itself at a remarkably propitious angle. Vice is its own vindicator through the very perversity of judgment that allows it to exist. Its continuance lends it a hardness and firmness which neither disapproval nor denunciation can soften or shake. Guilt can and will look puking innocence steadily in the face, while sensitive and suspected virtue shall be overwhelmed with confusion and mortification.

Belief in the proverb wrofigs innocence incalculably by causing it to be mistaken for guilt and at the same time acquits this of its offense. If we wish to detect guilt, we must discard the maxim or interpret it by contrariety; for, whenever we confront indubitable, clearly-established guilt, we shall be likely to find it gazing as calmly and defiantly at ns as does the Sphinx at the sands of the surrounding desert. “People like to be deceived.” How often we hear this! Perhaps they do; but what kind of people are they! They must be peculiar, since they are never the people we meet. Everybody will bear witness that his or her acquaintance hate to be, and are angry at being, deceived. They that are fond of deception are plainly those unknown, abstract folk who are sure to be punished for the sins we commit and whom we love to regard metaphysically as the victims of vaguely-vio-lated justice. The trite aphorism in its truth or falsehood is of small consequence. Its mis* chief is in its instigation to deceive. Most of us have sufficient tendency in that direction without any verbal stimulant or honeyed sophistry. The phrase is a trick put upon us wherewith to trick our fellows. It is a cunning device to mollify our consciousness of doing wrong. Not merely this, it proclaims as a benevolence what is manifestly a meanness on our part; and we are so willing to appear duped when ire are not —our faults being in question—that we appeal to maxims to prove the improvable. If the conscience smarts, a timely proverb is hunted up to draw out the sting. The sting may stick; but the prescription is paraded, and the cure is inferred. “A little learning is a dangerous thing.” Thousands echo this without remembering or knowing that it is a line of Pope, probably made with no higher intent than to fit the corresponding rhyme of the couplet. It has become an aphorism, a proverb, because it has a taking air and sounds well—reason enough for the currency of half our popular sayings. A little learning may be dangerous, but it is fiur better than no learning, which is dangerous itself. The corollary is that ignorance is comparatively free from peril,

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I Which is ten times as false as the proposition. <• • ” The greatest fallacy of -this and njaay maxims is in the necessary inference that is drawn. Their greatest mischief ifes in their incompleteness, and in the feet that they are generally accepted as complete. Any halftrutiiror partial ? hoed, if felicitously expressed and aptly repeated, has five-fold the weight in controversy ot conversation that a whole truth awkwardly worded has. He who could make the proverbs pf a nation would possess more influence than he who should write its history or frame its laws. They have been defined the wit of one and. ihe wtedpmof many-, They are oftener the fallacy of one and the inability to detect it of the multitude. B • - Proverbs depend not for popularity upon wisdom, but upon the art of putting them. The farther they are removed from obvious truth, if they be adroitly couched, the more likely are to be accepted- 7 <4 spice of ill-nature is prone to preserve them, and render them appetizing to the public palate- We like to repeat what we know is false when the falsehood is glossed by the embalming epigram, the consciousness that the thing has been said before freeing us from accountability for its promulgation. Hardly a maxim or proverb;‘exists in eurownor any other language that may not be taken to pieces before its atom of truth, if any, can be found. The proverbs of the French and Spanish are the wittiest and the falsest; those of the Germans and Scandinavians the dullest and the truest. No current saying but is contradicted by another -as “ Two of a trade never agree;” “Birds of a feather flock together;? “ In a multitude of counselors there is safety“ Too many cooks spoil the broth;” and so on through every variety of affirmation and denial, of 4 inconsistency and contrariety; * All sorts of sustainment for all sorts ot conduct, every kind of encouragement for every virtue and every vice, may be gathered from proverbs. Entirely devoid of argument, they are regarded and quoted as arguments; defiant of logic, they accomplish what logic cannot. Properly considered, they are helps to language, ornaments to conversation, delicate punctures for pretense, of inestimable value to society. But considered, as they usually are, as strengtheners of position, exetis- . era of conduct, palliators of offense, they are inestimably pernicious! Tlley teach the same lesson and the same truth which the declaration does—that a stoutly-main-tained lie is infinitely better than a poor-ly-defended truth.—J uniue Henri Browne,. in Appletons' Journal.

Mount Shasta.

A very remarkable feature of Mount Shasta is the collection of hot springs 200 feet below the top. The extreme summit is a steep ridge, not more, than 200 or 300 feet through, on a level with the springs, and composed of shattered lava, which looks m though any water felling in rwiir, ot formed by melting snows upon ijt, would immediately run out, 4hjaugh the cracks. There, is in the material nothing which, when brought in contact with air or moisture, would cause heat by chenlical action. Yet at the bottom of the steep ridge, which at the toot Is not more than 200 yards through, there is a little flat of half an acre full of hot springs, most of them very small, and the largest not more than three feet across. They have a temperature of 100 degrees, and their water is strong with sulphur and variot»minera]s. In some the water bubbles up violently, and there are openings in the earth from which hot steam rushes out with great force and considerably noise. One of these vents sends out a jet ot steam two feet in diameter. These springs and the earth around them retain their heat through winter as well as summer, notwithstanding the severe cold that may prevail there. On the Ist of October the thermometer was below the freezing point at both sunrise and sunset, and the temperature of the year there is probably —for we have no long series of observa-tions—-not higher than thirtydegrees, possibly below that figure. Immense masses of snow lie on the northern side of the mountains through the summer, and on

the northern side there is a living glacier. Notwithstanding the almost constant cold resulting from the snow, ice and high elevation. the great heat supplied from the heart of the mountain does not give way. The waters of these springs must be forced up by a power, which, though small in comparison, still suggests the mighty forces that piled up this cone toaheight of 8,000 feet above tbe adjacent ridges, and from its now extinct craters poured out tiie lava that covered hundreds of square miles with desolation.— Shatto Cawrter. ■■ ; > \ _ < .■ . I The following almost incredible statement is copied from the Providence Prew; “Hannah Percell carried away a few yards of cotton waste from the shop of B. F. Almy, a day or two ago, and this morning the case was tried in tbe Justice Court. The value of the waste was nine cents, and Hannah said she carried it home to wash, as she used it for neckcloths white in the shop. Hannah has worked for Mr. Almy nearly twenty years. Judge Randolph fined her one cent and costs. ” The Danbury Newt says “ this is about the meanest thing we ever read of 1” The New York market is greatly overstocked with oranges, and the choicest fruit is going a-begging. An old dealer saya he never knew oranges to be so plenty and eheap before- One man states thathe has already 8,000 barrels lying about in cellart, waiting a chance to go on the market, but steamers arrive in such rapid succession that the glut has jo rs' lief,