Jasper Republican, Volume 1, Number 5, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 16 October 1874 — Page 2

The Republican. RENSSELAER, Friday, Oct 16,1874.

THE TRUTH

To ike Vbten of Jasper County: In the issue of oar paper, the Rensselaer Union, of Ist instant, it was published that Frank W. Babcock, Auditor as Jasper County, had dar«rn moneys for his services in his office for the fiscal year ending Slay 31st, 1874. the stun of $2,636.94. Mr. Babcock replies in the Jas ns Republican of the 9th instant, and in has speeches throughout the county that he only drew as follows: After June Ist, 1873, for June servioee... $ 42.65 Order No. 318, Sep. 3, 1873, 270.7* Order No. 451, Oct, 22.1873, 200.00 Order No. 517, Dec. 10, 1873, 539.40 Order No 676, Jan. 5, 1874, 125.00 Order No. 790, Mar. 3, 1874, 375.00 Order No. 823, Mar. 6,1874, 230.85 Order No. 987, Slay 13,1874, 4AO Allowed for disbursment of school fond.... 38.17 Servieea to June, 1874 314.31 Total amount $2,140.00 The fiscal or revenue year of this and every county in the State of Indiana commences with the first day of June and closes with the thirty-first day of May. In making out their reports, our financial officers reckon from June to the close of May, and not as Mr. Babcock ha done in his own case from a portion of one June into another. All that he has excluded from June, 1873, belongs to the last fiscal year, which closed on the 31 st day of May, 1874; and what he reckons for June, 1874, belongs to the present fiscal year, which will end on the 31st day of May, 1875. What his charges for this year will be no man knows; but what they were last year is partially shown by the following statement of a disinterested person, the original copy of which may be seen in our office: Auditor’s Office,

Rensselaer, Ind., Oct. 12,1874. After a careful examination I find the following orders registered upon the Register of Orders of this office, under the following numbers, dates and amounts, in favor of Frank W. Babcock, Auditor of Jasper County, as set forth in this printed statement hereto attached: Order No. 42, June 6, 1873, SIOO.OO Order No. 43, June 6, “ 75.00 Order No. 59, June 10. “ 40.00 Order No. 60, June 10, “ 40.00 Order No* 61, June 10, “ 40.00 Order No. 62, June 10, “ 20.00 Order No. 63, June 10, “ 50.00 Order No. 64, June 10, “ 50.00 Order No. 65, June 10, “ 50.00 Order No. 66, June 10, “ 60.00 Order No. 67, June 10, « 50.00 Order No. 68, June 10, “ 60.00 Order No. 69, June 10, “ 52.68 Order No. 70, June 10, “ 32.88 Oder No. 279, Aug. 6, “ 5.00 Order No. 318, Sep. 3, *• 270.78 Order No. 451, Oct. 22, “ 200.00 Order No. 517, Dec. 6, “ . 530.40 Order No. 676, Jan. 5, 1874,125.00 Order No. 790, Mar. 3, « 375.00 Order No. 823, Mar. 6, “ 230.00 Order No. 849, Mar. 11, “ 8.54 Order No. 917, May 13, « 4.50 N. W. Reeye, Dept Aud. Jasper Co.

By adding these figures it will be found that they amount to $2,449.78, and to this sum add S2OO for transferring real estate, $l5O for transcripts of affidavits and $38.17 for disbursments of school fund, and we find the amount he received for the fiscal year ending May 31,1874, whieh was $9,837.93. If you will deduct from this SSOO for refunding railroad tax there still remains $2,337.95, which is S6OO more than the average that Mr. Yeoman drew and $l,lOO more than Mr. Halstead ever got in one year. Add the amount he received for the extra work for refunding railroad tax and it erage, and $1,600 more than Mr. Halstead received, or S4OO more than double as much.

HORACE E. JAMES, JOSHUA HEALEY,

Proprietors Rensselaer Union, Oct. 1874.

A CANARD EXPOSED.

Rewsselaer, lad., Oct 12th, 1874. We, the undersigned, having carefully examined the records and bilk of the Auditor's Office of Jasper County, showing the chargee by, and allowances to FRANK W. BABCOCK for services as Auditor, do find from said records and bills that the total allowances to said Babcock for such services for the year ending May 31, 1874, were $2,156.18 of which there was allowed for the work of refunding theß. R. tax....... 600.00 Leaving the total amount for all such services except —« the R, R. work ; $1,656.18 This examination was made and the above couolusion reached after reading a circular issued from the Union office this day, headed “The Truth,” in which MR. BABCOCK is charged with having re oeived $2,837.95 for the last fiscal year. The orders named in the statement of the Union referred to dated in June 1873, including Numbers 4S to 7©,-

amounting to t7ss.M except $49,- $$ were fur services of the previous year. Some of the amounts we found to be for mutters in no way connected with hi» dudes as Auditor; and SB9O more entirely fictitious. The shove statement shows that MB BABCOCK has received LESS, instead of MORE than Mr. Yeoman and exposes the last statement of die If* os as only another of their political tricks. N. W. REEVE. Wm. W. BUSSELL. T. E. WILLEY. JAS. A. BURNHAM. I hereby certify that the above statement is true as appears from the records of my office. FRANK W. BABCOCK, Auditor of Jasper County The circular above referred to, over the signatures of H. E. James k, J. Healey, proprietors of the Rensselaer Union, issued just upon the eve of decdon, is another specimen of the honesty and fair ness of those gentlemen. Their columns have been loaded with falsehood and dander all summer, and not content with this they resort to this disgraceful sad shameless dodge. Never since the] got mad at Packard about the Post-Office and fought him a whole campaign and succeeded in influencing only TWO Votes, (those being James’ and Healey’s) have they published any thing more basely false than the representations in that circular over their signatures. Seven hundred dollars and fifty-eix cents for ten days work! s79.9€Ms per day! Is there a 10-year-old boy in Jasper so green as to be deceived by bo glaring a tain-representation ? Do Parkiaon, Benjamin and McCullough refuse the $5, allowed them by law, take only $4 themsdves, and then allow the Auditor $70.96 ? None but those whom the gods had first made mad would make so rash a statement over their own signatures. Let the Moment voter# of Jasper examine the records after the electiom and SEE WHO HAS LIED!

The above circular from the Union office was sent out on last Monday afternoon and spread over the county, when it wis thought too late to meet a reply ; and is but another specimen of the meane used to carry this election. It is fir more creditable to Mr. Babcock to be defeated in taking an honorable course and preserving bis manhood, then to have reeorted to such means as were used to elect his opponent. Those who take especial pains to cheat and delude a person are no friends to that person, nor is any »ne a friend to the people who will deceive them; and any one who voted against Mr. Babcock in consequence of the representation of the Union ought to sift the charges of that paper and the circular from its editors, and see who has been fraudulent and deceptive. If the reader will notice that circular, it says that Mr. Babcock replies that he only drew as follow.- 2 then gives the tabulated statement as published in the Rxpubligak. Now Mr. Babcock did not say that he only drew so much, but he did say that he only received for his services in the fiscal year commencing, June Ist, 1873, the sums set forth in that statement. After the March term of Commissioners’ court, he drew no money from the county till the June term. For his work after the March adjournment of that Court, on through March, April, and May, he puts in a bill at the June term—which bill includes services in the first ten days of Jane, —all amounting to $700.56. This was for convenience made into smaller orders, and appears in that circular numbered from 42 to 70, inclusive. Now deduct $42.65, which was for services in June, and we have $657.91 drawn in June, for services rendered prior to June. The editors of the Union knew as well as any one, that toe Auditor draws in Mavrh, for services rendered from totjfeeember to the March he draws at the June term for services from the Maroh to the Jnne term. Notice farther, Transcripts of Affidavits $l5O. There ta no such thing knoWti. in the laws of the State, nor in any of the offices. The records of the Auditor’s office will show that Baboock has received far less, for the amount of work done in any year of his term, aad also in ihe wkoie term, than his predecessor received.

From lowa comes no uncertain sound.— The State that initiated opposition to mna opolies has done more to put down such things and to carry out the principles laid down in the National Address and Platform *f the Patrons of Husbandry, than all the rest of the States ut together. Bow have they done this f The aaswsry is ‘patent to every thinking man. They ga • their att action to their legitimate business instead of pitching themselves against their best friends the Republican party. True, the political hacks and sore-heads that had attached themselves to the “Grangers” organised a Grange “party,” but did not succeed in pushing themselves to the front and capturing the whole thing as they did here. And what was the result ? An overwhelming majorifor the Republican party—the party of human rights—the party of progress—the

party of tbc grandest and most glorious reeordthat was ever written by a party.— Had the Grangers of Jasper county asked any {hedges, ter toe support «f Abeir promulgated principles, of the Republican candidates, not one of them would have hesitated one moment to give too pledge. The legitimate and just objects of the Farmers’ movement eonld be obtained no b sooner to rough too Republican party than in any other conceivable way.— Hus, toe Grangers of lows welt knew; so they Ist hacks sad sore-beads amuse themselves with their hobby, and when the election earns off, they showed their firith by their works. The Patrons in Jasper, may lean a lesson from tote, if they will; They may lot the east-off Jmeks capture their movement and ran H in their own interests, work upon the prejudices of too Ignorant, buy off the d ■proved with “Buck Ross” gin, crests in some minds distrust of true and honent men by falsehood and misrepresentation, and win some partial viotories; but such victory they will tad much worse than defeat in a good cause, and in the employment of bone t means. The honest intelligent masses, will rise in their might and bury in oblivion too party tbat owoa its success to corruption sad deceit. The Republicans of Jasper have nothing to fear from too present partial defeat. Political corruption never produces official parity. Th i hollow cry of “reform,” that me ns only torn out your good men and give me your offices, will always produce its Ekeys. Wo predict for the Republicans in the next election, a victory that will forever settle the business of those sham “reformers.”

A CARD.

To my many friends who defended me and supported joe in the late campaign against the misrepresentations and calumnies thrown upon me in such continuous “showers," I return my sincere thanks. And while many have been deceived and misguided by the persistent, and determined course of the designing men who have condescended to such corrupt means to influence a credulous public, it is a great souroe of pleasure and consolation to know that those who best know me have not credited these political hobbies, but hawe stood by me with a fidelity which places me under obligations that can never be forgotten and leaves an impression on my mind which no time or circumstances can ever efface. And although I have been defeated, I can congratulate my self and friends that the statements made in contradiction of the false charges of my political enemies will stand good for a XI time to come. — We have told nothing but the truth.— We have nothing to retract. Defeated by misrepresentation and calumny, we have no regret for the principles upon which we acted and the motives by which we were influenced in the late campaign. And now that the confusion and smoke of the fight has pass 3d away we ask an intelligent people to look for the facts and judge all parties concerned accordingly. Again I thank my kind friends for their support in the time of need and for their expression of sympathy since so warmly bestowed.

F RANK W. BABCOCK.

Rensselaer, Ind., Oct 16th, 1874.

The Poland Law.

First Charge to a. Utab Grand Jury Under It. The greatest Utah event since (he passage of the Poland bill was the first charge und*r it of the Hon. Judge J. B. McKean to the Grand Jury this morning. The charge would fill about four columns of the Inter - Ocean, and is a complete review of the social, political and criminal history of the Mormons. In support of the charge that has been often made against the saints that they approve of Mood atonement, he quoted from one of Brigham Young's speeches: •» There are sins that can be atoned for by an offering upon the alt r, asin ancent days, and there are sine that the blood of a lamb, or a calf, or of tu rtle-dovea cannot remit; but they must be atoned for by the blood of the man Ic uld refer you to plenty of in*ts r >ces w* ere men have been righteously slain, in order to atone for their sins. 1 have seen scores and hundreds of people for whom there would have been a chance in the last resurrection if their lives had been taken, and their blood spilled on the ground. I have known a great many men who ‘ ave left this church for whom there is no chauce whatever of exaltation ; bnt if their bloo I had been spilled it would have been better for them. The wickedness and ignorance of nett na forbid this principle being in fob force, but the time will come when the law of God will be in foil force. This is loving our neighbor as ourselves If he needs help, help him; if he wants salvation and i : _ is necessary to spill his blood on the earth in order that he maybe saved, spill it.” In closing he devoted the following to po lygamy: “Utah was once a part of the Mexican Republic, and the Roman civil law, and the Statote’law in Mexioo, both condemned polygamy. The common law of England, some of whose principle* prevail here, denounce it. Congress in 1862 enacted a statu‘e making it a penal offense, and European and American civilisation utterly repudiate it. Notwithstanding all this, polygamy largely prevails in this territory, and, contrary to the statements of some who would dec* ve the world, a d of others who are themselves deceived, large nuinbrs of men and women are steadily going to it And still, so for as T can learn, the law against H thus for has been a dead letter. Its enforcement nas be n defeated by perjury. The polygamous marriage is a secret ceremony; none are permi ted to be present but conspirators against the lews, and when they are call d as witnesses they have denied all knowledge of it. I fain would hope, gentleman, that you may elicit the truth and bring some of these influential j olygatnous criminals 'o the bar of justice. It is your duty to labor earnestly to that end, and y„u * will bear in mind, gentleman, that this Asiatic practic of polygamy goes hand in hand with the murderer’s doctrine of blood atonement. Here a paragraph from the lengthened so-called revelation to Joseph Bmith: ‘And again, as pertaining to the law of priesthood, if any man espouse a virgin, and desire to espouse another, and the first give her oeuseat; and if ho espouse the seoend, and thay are virgin and have vowed to aa other mast, then is he justified. He cannot commit adollevy, for thtf are given

him; and if he have ten virgins given onto him b v thte tew he cannot commit adultery, for they belong to him, and they art give* unto him. Therefore is be justified. But if one er either -f the ten virgins after she ]« espoused shall be with as other man, she baa committed adulter r, and shall be destroyed/ “There are Territorial statut> s against adultery and lascivious cohabitation. They are general in tbeir terms, and apply alike, without exception, to ait' citizens and residents in toe Territory. I repeat, gentlemen, yew will inquire into nil crimes, of every name and nature. ''-^lnter-Ocean.

A REPRESENTATIVE AND CHAMPION OF AMERICAN ART TASTE! Prospectus for 1879Eighth Year. tiii*; at,Tiny'Ey THE ART JOURNAL OF , AMERICA, Issued Monthly. “4 MaguMcentConception Xff onOertally carle* omt.” The necessity of a popular medium for the representation of the productions of groat artists, has always been recognized, end many attempts have been made to meet the want. The sutcessive failure Which so invariably followed each attempt in this country to sstablish an art journal, di 1 not provs the indifference of the people of America to the claims of high art. So soon as a proper appreciation of the want and an ability to meet it were shown, the public at once rallied with enthusiasm to its support, and the result was * gr- at artistic and commercial triumph—The Aldiue. The AlAae, while issued with all the egularity, has none of the tempoi ary or time y interest characteristic of ordinary periodicals. It is an elegant miscellany of pure, light, and graceful literature; and a collection of pictures, the rarest specim ns of artistic skill in black, and white.— Although each succeeding number afforJs a fresh pleasure to its fr.ends, the real value and beauty of The Aid ne will'be most appreci ted after it is bound up at the close of the year. While other publications m.y cla ni superior cheapness, as compa ed with rivals of a similar ufcass, Ihe A 1 din j is an unique and original conception—alone and unapproaohed—absolutely without competition in price or character. The possessor of a complete voluinu can not duplicate the quantity of fine paper and engravings in any other shape or number of volumes for ten times its cost; and there is the chromo, besides! The national feature of The Aldine must be taken in no narrow sense. True art is cosmopolitan. Whi‘.s The Aldine is a str ctly American institution, it does not coniine itself entirely to the reproduction of native art. Its mission is to cultivate a bread and appreciative art taste, one that will discriminate only on grounds of intrinsic merit. Thus, while placing before the patrons of The Aldine, as a leading chaiacteristio, th- productions of the most noted American ar ista, attentiou will always be given to specimens from foreign m-w.era, giving subacrib rs all the pleasure and instruction ob.oiaable from home or foreign sources. The artistie illustration of American scenery, original with The Aldine, is an important feature, and its magnificent plates are of a sue more appropriate to the satisfactory treatment of details than can be afforded by any inferior page. The judicious interupersion of landscape, marine, figure, a*.d animal subjects, sustain an unabated interest, impossible where the wjrk confines the artist too closely to a single style of subject. The literature of The Aldine is a light and gra eful accompaniment, worthy of the artistic features, with only such techntcal disquisitions as do not interfere with the popular in erest of the work.

PREMIUM FOR 1815. Fvery subscriber for 1875 will receive a beautiful portrait, in oil colors, of the same noble dog wht se picture |ia a former issue attract d so much attention. “Max’a Unselfish Fbiind” will be welcome in every home. Everybody loves such a dog, and the portrait executed so true to the »ife, that it seems the veritable presence of the animal itself. The Rev. T. DeWitt Tslmage tells that his own Newfoundland dog (the finest in Broonklyn) barks at it! Although so natural, no one who Bies this premium ebromo will have the slightest fear of being bitten. Besides the crorno, every advance subscriber to The Aldine for 1875 is constituted a member, and entitled to all the privileges of •. • m *■’ THE ALDINE ART UNION. The Uni n owns the originals of all The Aldins pictures, which, with other paintings and engraving*, are to be distributed among the members. To every series of 6,000 subscr here. I 0 different pieces valued at over $2,500 are distributed as toon as the series is full, and the awards of each series as made, are to be published in the next succeeding issue of The Aldine. This feature only applies to subscribers who pay lor one year in advance. Pull particulars in circular seat on application enclosing a ■tamp. TERMS. One Subscr ption, entitles you to The Aldine one year, the Chromo and the Art Union, $6,00 per annum in Advance. (No charge for postage.). Specimen Copies of The Aldine, 60 Cents. The Aldine will hfereaftor.be obtainable only by subscription. -There will be no reduced or club rates; cash for subscriptions must be sent to the publishers direct, or handed to the local canvasser, without responsibility to the publishers, except in oases where the certificate is given, beering the foe-simile signature of Jams Sutton, President. Canvassers Wanted. Any person wishing to act permanently as a local canvasser will receive fell and prompt information by applying to THE ALDIRE COMPART, 68 MAIDEN LANE, NEW TORE. TAX.MAOEPS Paper. The Christian at Work "THE BEST RELIGIOUS PAPER.” A CHOIGE OF Two Beautiftil Premiums. An Illuminated Portfolio of Twelve Gems by Hendschel, each 8|xl0) in, or the superb Chromo, “Thu Twins,” 22x28 in., after Landseer. Price $ '.25, included postage. No Extros of any kind. ATTENTION, AGENTS! Liberal commissions and exclusive territory Samples and circulars free. Send Postal card at onee to HORATIO C. KElft. Publisher, Bov 5105. New fork,

TIE OLD LIRE DEED STORE! HARDING & WILLEY, "OTcfuld say that they are ready at all times to wait on their customers. They keep Constantly on hand a good and fresh suply of Druggs, Medicines, Paints, Oils, And Dye Stufis. THEY KEEP A GOOD SUPPLY OF SCHOOL BOOKS, PAPER, ENVELOPS, PENCILS, TOILET SOAPS, PERFUMERY Ac. ALSO, ALL THE POPULAR PATENT MEDICINES OF THE DAT- Physicians Prescriptions CAREFUUriT prepared. We are ready at all tunes to aee our FRIENDS.

We Mean Buisness for the Year 1874! WE wish to call your attention to tmr Stork of Saddlery. We have the largest and most complete Stock of Saddlery Ware ever kept m this couaty, consisting of SADDLES OF ALL THE LAT 8T IMPROVEMENTS. Long and Short Tug Harness, Horse and Mule Collars, Swe< ny Collars made on purpose for horses having lumps on the side* of their necks. Plow and Stage Hames tor Horses, Short Hames on purpose for Mules and Small Horses, — TRACE CbAINS, HALTER CHAINS, TEAM, WAGON AND BUGGY WHIPS, Ac., &c., Ac. Together with a Large Stock of Oak tinned leather and Saddlery Hardware Of all kinds, all of which WE will Sell Lower than any other Shop in this or adjoining Counties, Grangers or any Other Men for CASH . We have been over EIGHTEEN YEARS in the COUNTY, and sold over 860 sets of light and heavy Harness in the last TWO YEARS. It is our intention to make this eur permanent home; and wish to deal fairly with our customers, that we may always have their trade. WE WARRANT OUR WORK TO WEAR WELL. AND NOT TO RIP ORfll VE WAY WITH FAIR USAGE. WE also have for sale the Singer Sewing Machine and iixiugs. Also, Home, Grover & Baker and Common Sense needles, and Machine Oils. Respectfully Yours, Wm. H. A C. RHOADES, Manufacturers, Rensselaer, Ind.

i SOL EH I FACT! No Ma tter Who the other Man is, BUT, WILLEY & SIGLER, THANKFUL for pst favors, and content with the Reward of Merit Uan be found at their old Stand in the Post-Office BUILDING, with the LAjuGEST ASSORTMENT OF DRY GOODS, BOOTS A SHOES, READY MADE CLOTHING, HATS, OAFS, GROERIES ■ YANKEE NOTIONS, Ac., Ac,, do. Tn fact Everr thing that can be found In a well Selected stock of GawwAt dise. Ever offered to the Public in thte Marked All of which they do SELL the LARGEST AMOUNT for the LEAST MONEYof any firm in TOWN. Don't past Them by in search of something new. Square Dealing is their Motto. CALL AND SEE THEIR GOODS BEFORE BUYING.

A NO. 1008. Now Goods at the Pioxxxx Bronx of F. J. SEARS & CO., DEALERS IN STAPLE # FANCY Dvo Goods, Boots A Shoes, Groceries, Clothing, Ac. AU Goods Cheap For CASH. Call and. be Satisfied of ths FACT. Rensselaer, - - Ind.

HOPKINS’ COBNER! 10W STRICT attention to business A have not a fortune yet; nor have I “Busted” yet. To avoid the “Butt” I only buy what GOODS My money will pay for at the time of purchase. FITE PER CENT. PROFIT. I pay no rents. Pay no Clerks, and what is better for all parties, SELL FOB CASH OR ITS EQUIVALENT. Ludd Hopkins.

foil Display a! far DRY GOODS, at THE OLD RELIABLE &lEAP CASH STORE, IN THE STONE BUILDING. * ‘ Has just received for the coming season a full line of ALPACAS, BLACK MOHAIRS, BLACK CASBIMERES, BROWN ft BLACK MUSLINS, TABLE LINEN, TOWELS ft*. Also, a full line of Ready Made Clothing, aad Boots and Shoes; A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF WINTER &HA WLS, AND LADIES' FURNISHING GOODS Gall and Examine Stock Before purchasing. R. FENDIG. nl Bm.

Headquarters, la Rensselaer, FOR BUILDERS’ HARDWARE ME* CHANICS TOOLS, CUTLERY .TINWARE, STOVES, NAILS, &«., &«., &c., at tha “LIBERAL CORNER.” Our stock will be found to embrace almost every conceivable article in the Hard- 1 ware line. We also hare a TINT SHOP in connection with our establishment, ard are prepared to do all kinds of CUSTOM WORK and REPAIRING on SHORT NOTICE. On Front street , north of Comer,” we have a WAGON A CARRIAGE Manufactory and Black* smith Shop , Strict Attention Paid to Custom Work. Wagons & Carriages Made to Order. WE guarantee all goods AS represented, and to give entire satisfaction. REMEMBER THE PLACE, and GIVE US A Call. Norman Warner. George F. lauglerlfs, LATCH-STRING IS ALWAYS OCT, And he would be glad at all times to sm his old frisnds and patrons and every body else who want Crnur Groceries yni FAMILY SUPPLIES, At His New Rooms Next Door to the Ciir Bakery. Besides » full line of Staple Groceries, kt keeps constantly on hand a good line of Queensware, Glassware, Spices and Flavoring Extracts, Catsups and Pepper Sauoe, Baking Powder, Canned Fruits, Stank, Indigo, Biove Blacking, Ground Cinnamon and Matches, etc., etc., etc. Besides, the best quality of Tobacco and Cigars,'Nuts. Candies and Plain aad Faaoy Confectioneries, All at astonishingly low PRICES. All kinds of Produce wanted, for which will be paid, ths highest MARKET PRICE. Do Not Fail To Give Him A Call. # DUVALL’S DAILY HACK LIME AND Livery Stable, RENSSELAER, INDIANA. ♦ States Mail Hacks rw kaliy, except Sundays, between HcßMelaer and Francesvttte. Making connections at the latter piaee with trains on (he Louisville, New Albany and Chicago Railroad, and conveying passengers aad freight each way. Extra tyfrrna sent at any time on application.—* Goods or money shipped by express to any part of the United State*. Livery Teams, With or without drivers, famished eu application. Stock boarded by the day hr week. Office aad eteble on Front street, abevt Washington, Rensselaer, Indiana. J.W.Duvan.