Jasper County Democrat, Volume 19, Number 2, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 5 April 1916 — Page 8

Ribbon FLOUR Sale Day Only $| jf a 50 pound sack At any grocery in town or at The Mill. Satisfaction Guaranteed or Money Back BRAN, per hundred - $1.25 MIDDLINGS, per hundred $1.30 at the Mill only. IROQUOIS ROLLER MILLS Phone 456

WOOD ASHES AND HOMO MEAL

Contain All the Necessary Constituents of a Complete Fertilizer. The recent great advance in the 3 rice of potash because of the German embargo on exportation, and in the price of acid phosphate because of the increased use of sulphuric acid in munition purposes, naturally stimulates interest in all home sources of fertilizer materials. Such sources can not be expected to furnish a large supply, but any materials which are available should be preserved and used. In this connection attention should be drawn to wood ashes and bones. Wood ashes, prepared by burning the wood in the air, contain on an average 3 to 10 per cent of potash. The content of potash is determined by the species of plant, the soil upon which grown, and the portion of the plant burned, whether root, stock or branches.. The potash is in a highly soluble form, and unless the ashes are protected from the weather will leach away and he lost. Potash must, however, be in this soluble form to be of value for fertilizer purposes, and wood ashes properly cared for are, therefore, a valuable home source of supply. Farmers who use wood for fuel should store alh the ashes produced in a weathertight place, since by so doing they may assure themselves of at least a small supply of a fertilizer ingredient otherwise almost unobtainable at present. Bones are another source of fertilizer materials which should not be overlooked. Ground bone has long been recognized as a valuable fertilizer material, and as a source of phosphoric acid its use antedates that of phosphate rock. Raw hones contain front 20 to 25 per cent of phosphoric acid and 5 to 0 per cent of nitrogen. There are many methods of treating hones, but probably the simplest and most satisfactory for the small oj>erator is to reduce them to bone meal. They should first be thoroughly steamed, say in a boiler such as is used for producing

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lime sulphur, after which they should he dried and ground to meal in a bone mill. Such a mill can be secured at small expense and may be used for other operations on the farm. The bone meal so produced may applied direct, or in combination with wood ashes. The application of Wood ashes and hone meal to the soil furnishes the necessary constituents of a complete fertilizer nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. - A method of composting wood ashes ami whole bones, which is said to have originated in Russia, is as follows: “Ln a trench three to four feet deep, wood ashes and whole hones are piled in alternate layers, each about six inches deep. The lowest and the uppermost layers are of ashes, and each layer of ashes is saturated with water as soon at is has been laid. Upright stakes arc set in the trenches at intervals of about three feet at the beginning, and they are withdrawn after eight oj- ten days’ time. Into the holes which the stake have left enough water is poured to saturate anew the ashes. At the end of two months, when the bones have become considerably softened, the heap should be thrown over, moistened, and allowed to ferment anew. This process should be repeated at intervals as often as necessary. Five months and three turnings should be sufficient.”—Weekly News Letter, U. S Dept of Agriculture.

New York’s Telephones.

Did you know that New York City had nearly as many telephones as the whole of Great Britain and Ireland? And more than all the following countries put together: Aus-tria-Hungary, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, Italy and the Netherlands? There are single office buildings in New York that have more telephones than the whole of the kingdoms of Greece or Bulgaria.—World’s Work. See the Xtra Special Bargains at FEN DIG'S Exclusive Shoe Store.

EARTH ROADS IN SPRING

Drains and Side Ditches Should Be Kept Open —Road Drag Most Useful at This Season. The cardinal essential in spring maintenance of earth roads, especially those on heavy soils,-is good drainage. g 0 long as the water can be kept from penetrating deeply into these roads they will remain at least fairly passable. To accomplish this on average earth roads, however, is far from easy. During the early part of this season of the year rains are often of long duration and tend to saturate the soil. Water from melting snows is perhaps even more penetrating than long-contin-ued rains, while alternate freezing and thawing of the wet surface tends to increase the, porosity of the soil and permit even more ready access of water into the foundation. The chief attention of the road man must therefore be directed to-j ward getting and keeping the water away from the road. Ho long as the foundation can he kept dry, even a heavy freeze followed by a rapid ! thaw will do little or no real damage * to the road surface. A dry soil does not heave. The foundatipn will,, therefore, still be solid, and the road t will be able to sustain the traffic without serious rutting. On the other hand, a saturated soil expands greatly on freezing, and when it thaws out has not only lost ipraetically all power of sustaining the weight of traffic, hut also is in an , ideal condition for taking up or ab- ! sorbing still more water, and thus forming still more mud. The spring maintenance of earth roads requires, therefore, first, preventive measures, which must he taken the pervious fall or summer, so that the road will go into winter properly graded,, well compacted, and with good provisions for drainage; and, second, t i mely, con tin non s, systema- ’ tic and intelligent attention through- ; out the winter and spring. It is true that the only sensible and really economical thing to do with earth roads on which the traffic has reached a certain volume is to hard surface them. But the larger' part of our earth rtjads must remain such for a long time to come. These roads, however, need not become impassable mud lane** every winter or spring. A certain amount of timely and intelligent attention during the late winter and early spring will yield results commensurate with the cost. We must also learn that it requires as great, if not greater. ; skill and experience to maintain an [earth road properly as to maintain any of the high-class pavements. The fundamental principles of earth road maintenance are few and not difficult, hut to carry out these principles under the almost infinite variations of conditions with which the road man finds himself confronted j requires a high degree of intelligence. skill and experience. Not until we realize these facts and put them into practical application will we have the earth roads which it is possible for us to have. During the early part of the season. as long as the weather is very rainy or there is melting snow on the ground, it will pay to have the road man go over the road daily to see that the drains and side ditches do not become clogged and to note the need of any necessary repairs. A few minutes work with a shovel may prevent a serious washout or damage which, if not properly checked, might make the road practically impassable. The road drag or some other similar device finds its greatest usefulness during this season. It may he used to good advantage to clear the i pad wav of slush and melting snow and so prevent this water from soaking into and softening the subgrade. To till ruts, smooth the surface and maintain the crown of the road, the drag is unexcelled when in the hands of a skilled operator. An unskilled man may do more.harm than good.’ Furthermore, the actual condition of the road during this period will depend very largely on the knowledge of the road man as to just when to drag, as well as his skill in the operation of the implement. tn addition to the maintenance, provision should be made for doing ail necessary grading or earth work! as early in the spring as possible in' order that, it may become thoroughly consolidated before the dry weather of summer. If the work is done - too late, the road will not only probably become very dusty in dry weatherj but. will rveed additional attention later in the fall. Where the soil is a heavy clay or gumbo the condition of the road may be very materially i improved by adding sand from time to timfi as that already on the road is worked in hv the passing traffic and the drag. Only rarely do our earth roads, even when neglected,' become equally bad over their entire length. Most frequently the really bad places are confined to comparatively short sections, while the remainder of the road is fairly passable, An examina-

Don of the worst will usually show that the drainage, either surface or, underground, is seriously at fault.; The' trouble can be remedied by pro- i vi-ding the necessary drainage, and in nearly every case could have been prevented by a comparatively small amount of timely and properly directed' attention. The lesson is obvious. Systematically organized and properly directed maintenance throughout all seasons is our only, guaranty of fairly passable earth roads during the spring of the year. : Weekly News Letter U. S. Dept. \ of Agriculture. t

OUR GOLD SUPPLY ENORMOUS

$ - ► w Metal Starked in Nation’s Vaults Like Sacks in Granary. Our country has within its vaults as much gold as France and Russia combined—the two European na- ! tions that have striven the hardest \ to build mammoth hoards of the' yellow metal. It has as much as, Germany and Great Britain together, j with all the other belligerents, ex-• cejit France and Russia thrown in. j But that is not all. Ou side of; Russia, which produces less than one- j third as much gold as the United , States, every European country Is absolutely dependent upon the rest of the world for its gold supply, | whereas this country yields up from ! its own mines one-fifth of the entire, w orld's supply—or more than any j part of the earth, except South Africa. Last year we sucked in more than $400,000,000 of the yellow metal from the various nations that for years had been engaged in a fierce scramble for it. In our bank vaults, clearing houses, assay offices l and subtreasuries gold is stacked like sacks in a granary. The San Francisco mint alone received in seven months >.‘.0,'."0,000 iin gold from Australia, Japan and ! China. In four months more gold j flowed into the country than in all |of 1008, the previous banner year. | ilt would take the largest force of men that ever worked at one time l lust to pick out the gold in Uncle ,Ka ill’s treasuries. There if more of j it in the mint at Denver than was in the whole world 60 years ago. At one time the mii'-'/og held s'*oo,000.000 in gold alone. Ts gold is in any sense a financial protection, this country has massive bulwarks against the possibility of shock. Its bunkers are full to overflowing.—Saturday Evening Post.

The Rich Northwest.

The tremendous growth of the Northwest is probably not appreciated in the far South. East ar.d West, and even the people themselves who have been concerned in this rush of development are probably not broadly cognizant of what has taken place. That from 1900 to 1915 Minnesota's bank deposits jumped from $76,000,000 to $551,000,000 reads like a tale of Aladdin's lamp. The dry plains of South Dakota also have evidently blossomed like the rose, for in this period bank depjsits have grown from $14,000,000 to slll,000,000. This means that South Dakota bank deposits have risen 800 per cent in 15 years, a wonderful record. Montana’s bank deposits in the same period have leaped from In the aggregate here 1 are four contiguous Northwestern states, the Dakotas, Montana and Minnesota, whose bank deposits have risen in 15 years from $118,000,000 to SBOO,060,000, and whose cron values have risen from a negligible amount in 1900 to $600,000,000 in 19i 5. The 1900 figures ’-how these states almost in the pioneering stages The 1915 figures speak of the development of a vast farm empire with millions, of contented families. And all accomplished in 114 decades, just a fraction of one lifetime. Perhaps the only man who is not surprised at this showing is a visionary like Janies J. Hill, who, even when his locomotives shrieked the first call of civilization over the Western plains, spoke of the Northwest in eleven-figured terms. He has seen his wildest dreams come time.—Milwaukee Journal.

Your Boy.

This is a good time to think of your boy. ]f you do not look after him in the right way. some one will do it in the wrong way. Begin now. Teach your boy to follow in the footsteps of his father, to .espect the law, to obey his parents, to regard the rights of all men, to honor virtue, to respect womanhood, and to depend upon no one but himself for his advancement. Teach him that the Golden Rule O.f life will be found in the ten commandments. They are short. They have survived the ages. They stand today unchanged and* unchallenged. They comprise the first great written law given by God to man. Before these few commandments all men-made laws fade into significance. Teach them to your boy. There is danger ahead if you do not. The universal drift of mankind is.

in uni ii ip UUiHLL 0 UUHLIII OliUl Rensselaer, Indiana Notice Sale Day Specials Remember the Date WEDNESDAY APRIL sth $16.50 Suits, Sale day $12.50 20.00 Suits, " 14.45 5.00 Boys’ Blue Serge, Sale day - 4.00 3.00 Kingsbury Hats, “ 2.25 1.50 Dress Shirts, " - - 1.15 You should attend the tailor-made opening and buy your Easter Suit now. We have on display the greatest lines on earth. Prices for April Ist to Bth are $16.50 SIB.OO $20.00 100 IN EITIII Pill OF TROUSERS all for the same price. Every garment guaranteed. Now is the time to save dollars. Duvall’s Quality Shop C. EARL DUVALL Phone 411 Rensselaer, Indiana

toward decadence. Heredity pays its premium and also exacts its discount. The son of a good father and an affectionate mother, brought up in an atmosphere of parental regard, never will disgrace the family. The boys of today are to be the men of tomorrow. The destinies of the American people are to be in the hands of their sons. If the boys are taught respect for the law, both hu-! man and divine, obedience to authority, manly independence and the fear of God, this great nation will be a noble monument to man’s capacity for self-government and self-control at a time when all the w r orld is a seething cauldron of unrest, unreason and disbelief. Teach your boy to rule, but firs* to rule himself. —Leslie’s.

The Use of Barbed Wire.

Some idea of the extensive use of: barbed wire for trench entanglements may be gained from the fact that the shipments of wire from the United States to the allies now average more than a million pounds a month, and the total exports of barbed wire since last July amount! to more than 7,000,000 pounds. The barbed wire is shipped direct to England, and from there transship-, ped to France and Italy. This wire i is woven in complicated masses in front of the trenches, and has to be t replaced when it is destroyed by at- j tillery fire, which frequently happens. Of late the allies have been ordering considerable quantities of an extra heavy wire, with especially large barbed prongs. The Germans, j too, are well provided with barbed wire entanglements, but very little! of it is of American manufacture, although an occasional shipment is said to find its way into Germany through Denmark or Sweden.— Springfield Union,

REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS. James Shannon to Isaac Shannon, March 21, ne. 33-27-6, e % nw, 33-27-6, nw nw, 33-27-6, 289 acres, Carpenter, $30,000. BIG PUBLIC SALE. The undersigned having sold his farm and. going to quit farming, will sell at public auction at his residence, 9 miles north and 1 mile east of Ren.sselaer, 3 miles west of Gifford, 5 miles south of Knintan, commencing at 10 a. in., on TUESDAY, APRIL 11, 1916. » Head of Horses—Consisting of 1 bay gelding, 8 years old, sound, wt. 1300; 1 bay'gelding, 9 years old, sound, wt. 1300; 1 black mare, in foal, wt. about 1200; 1 black mare, in foal, wt. about 110j01 black gelding, 9 years old, wt. about 1100; 2 coming 2-year-old mare colts, good ones; l yearling cplt; 1 brown mare, 10 years old. 14 Head of Cattle—Consisting of

1 spotted cow, 4 years old, in calf; 1 spotted heifer, 2 years old, fresh by day of l Jersey sow, 8 years old, a good one; 1 spotted JP!T

heifer, 2 years old, fresh about July; 2 yearling heifer calves; 1 yearling: black bull calf, a good one; 2 suckling calves; 4 2-year-old steers; 1 3-year-old roan Durham bull. Some Shotes. Wagons, Implements, Etc.—Consisting of 1 Studebaker wagon, nearly as good as new; 1 narrow-tire wagon; Y carriage; 2 discs, one with seeder attachment; 1 “Dutch Uncle’' cultivator; 1 gopher cultivator; 1 walking cultivator; 1 John Deere corn planter, with 80 rods wire, fertilizer attachment, a good one; 1 Deering mowing machine; 1 J. I. Case sulky plow; 1 J. I. Case walking plow: 1 2-section harrow; 2 sets double harness; 1 set single harness; some household goods, consisting of wood and oil stoves, etc. Four or. five tons of No. 1 timothy hay in mow, put up without getting wet: some corn, about 5 bushel® tested seed corn; several tons ensilage. Terms—Eight months’ credit will be given on all sums over $lO with 6 per cent interest if paid when due, if not paid when due 8 per cent will be charged from date. Sums of $lO and under cash in hand. 4 per cent off for cash. No property to be removed until settled for. JOHN G. HAYES. Fred Phillips, Auctioneer ; C. G. Spitler, Clerk. Hot lunch by the Aix Ladies’ Aid.

Free Hitch i ■ With every $2.50 of Produce sold to me on Sale Day I will give FREE One 10c Hitch Highest Market Price for Your PRODUCE. A. R. RISHLING