Jasper County Democrat, Volume 5, Number 21, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 30 August 1902 — Page 16

8

CO-OPERATION FOR FARMERS

Some Arguments Why Farmers Should Co-Operate—How They Can Co-Operate and the Effect of Co-Operation. THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF EQUITY. J. A. Everitt, Indianapolis, Ind.)

(This emblem of th* proposed American Society of Equity Is symbolical of price being on an equality with production and consumption. The image represents Ceres—the goddess of grain and tillage.) The machine must not belittle the engine that drives it, nor the engine the steam that propels it. Oftentimes as people look at the machines and note the great work they are doing, they do not think of the steam away back, which makes the machine useful. The farmer furnishes the steam for all the business In the country. He sows, he tills, he harvests, but if he would stop there the business of the country would be crippled. He must market, when all the machinery starts. The products of the farm flow like life blood through all the arteries of trade and give life to the whole body. The farmer creates most of the wealth. Surely what he creates makes all wealth possible. He feeds them all and clothes them all, and he can starve them all. Yet he has, in the past, been the most help- ■ less and dependent of all. The person who creates wealth should enjoy many of its benefits. Farmers are doing many things now because it has been the custom in the past. Merchants and manufacturers did the same way a few years ago, but they are changing their methods. The farmer may be the last one to get out of the ruth but the time has arrived for action. Progress, Improvement, new methods, benefit farmers as well as other classes of business men. The cost to produce a bushel of grain one year is about the same as another year, yet one year it may bring the producer 50 cents a bushel or less and another $1 or more. Who can make any definite calculations on such an uncertain basis as this? Here is the secret ob lack of Improvements on many farms. The owner is afraid to undertake Improvements for fear prices will be dowp and he cannot pay for them. What would you think of a manufacturing business where a plow would be worth sls this year, but the manufacturer fears he must sell it at $7 next year, while the cost of production was the same? Farming is manufacturing. The consumption of the various staple farm products is quite uniform year after year, whether the producer receives a f alp ICW II or not. The family who eat their loaf of "bread, a pie, a cake, etc., dally when wheat is worth 65 cents a bushel, would eat the loaf of bread, the pie. the cake, etc., just the same if wheat was worth $1 per bushel. A profitable price will not curtail consumption. Profitable prices do not mean high prices. Some farm products are high enough now. but this is the time to act and keep them profitable. Don’t be deceived by a false feeling of security. Conditions may easily work around to fifteen-cent oats, twenty-cent corn and flfty-cent wheat. A fair profitable price is what we want. No hardships Imposed, but benefits bestowed on every man. woman and child. I believe everybody will agree with me that land is the primary source of all wealth. Therefore the owner of the land has it in his power to direct the affairs of the world. A great thing to contemplate. Trusts and corporations have been formed to control certain lines of manufacturee and commodities, and we predict will be beneficial to the masses in keeping prices down to moderate figures, and to the nation by controlling production to prevent over-production; which means deferring or preventing hard times. We believe there is yet one source of great danger toVhe prosperity of the country, and it lies in the uncertainties surrounding agriculture. No business may be considered healthy that yields such great profits as to Induce extravagance, or such small profits as result in hardships; and particularly an element of un-

—, ' r 1 Ll - |1 sc. PARK. —•! LJ Lili Li ARcnnecr *‘rn -rd M’-* John Deere Plow Company 206-220 SENATE AVENUE, SOUTH Largest Implement and Vehicle Establishment in the State BRANCH OF DEERE & CO., MOLINE. ILL. . Plows, Riding Plows, Cultivators, Planters, Hay Loaders, Corn Shredders, Beet Tools, Harrows, Disc Harrows, Hay RaJkes, Tedders, Gasoline Engines, Feed Grinders, Waggons, Buggies, Runabouts, Phaetons, Surfers, Everything.

certainty about any business la very deplorable. The Plan. This* plan of co-operation contemplates a national soplety, with headquarters at Indianapolis; state organizations with headquarters at the state capital of each state, and local branches in every township or as frequently as necessary to accommodate every person engaged in agricultural pursuits. There are over six million farms in the country, and we calculate there are 10.000.000 or more people directly engaged In agriculture, or friends of agriculture, who would be desirous of seeing better conditions prevail on the farms, and who would join a movement that will remove the uncertainties of prices, secure profitable prices and put agriculture on a bound. safe, definite basis of operation. As all value should be based on production and consumption, It will be easy to place a minimum value on each commodity according to its merits—higher in seasons of scarcity than In seasons of great plenty, but aiming always to protect the producer. This value can be arrived at by the directors (1) by what it costs to produce it, with a fair profit added; (2) by the world’s product of the commodity, or, if of only local or national Importance, then by the supply in the competing territory. The base will be Chicago, New York or Liverpool. The price to the producer will then be the selected market, with the expense for handling and transportation deducted. In this way any farmer can easily calculate the farm value of his crop. When a value is placed on a crop of grain, cotton or on pork or beef, it would be expected to control until the next crop year, unless very material changes occurred to affect consumption, or future crop prospects warrant a revision. To prevent too liberal marketing at the start an advance will be made on each staple article each month It is held, thus justifying part of the producers In holding their crops. The dally fluctuations as at present are not in the interest of the producers. but in the Interest of the gamblers. Can the farmers profit by these fluctuations? Certainly not; but they could make many improvements, prvlde many comforts for their families or indulge in many pleasures if they knew the wheat in their granaries was worth not less than 85 cents or $1 a bushel, the same tn September, January and April, and the same way with other crops. This information will be conveyed to the various members through their agricultural or other papers, or through other approved media. An official organ published weekly will fill all the requirements. We predict with this plan In operation the recommended price will be printed by all the papers as regularly as the markets are reported now. Through the local branches a system of crop reporting can be carried on that will surpass anything ever before accomplished or attempted. In turn the information sent weekly to each member from headquarters will enable each member, no difference in what part of the country, to co-operate with each other member, and all as one person to ask and obtain uniform prices. The expense Individually will be very small, perhaps a membership fee of $1 end annual dues of $1 and whatever contributions are necessary to the local branch, based on its operations. It may be claimed that a very large number of farmers and producers cannot be held In line to effectually control prices. We believe there are enough Intelligent and sensible agriculturists In the country who, seeing the enormous benefits resulting from this plan, will not refuse to market conservatively, and thus exert the desired Influence to control prices. The trouble, heretofore, has been that farmers have never yet realized the power they hold, nor has there been a plan or society through which they could co-operate. To illustrate the relation of the farmer with the balance of the people: Go Into any home in Indianapolis or any other town or city and Inquire how long the family could live without replenishing their food supply. The answer would be “we must buy tomorrow.’’ Go to the grocery store and ask the same question and to the wholesale or commission houses, and they will tell you that should the farmers stop marketing single day there would be hardships; for a week actual distress would be experienced. The same illustration can be applied to our clothing, which Is made from the farmer’s wool, cotton, etc. Where Is there an intelligent man who is so dead to his own Interests that he would not take legitimate advantage of such genuine necessity to secure his just rights and protect his own family from hardships? The producers of our food are under no legal or moral obligation to feed the world at an unfairly low price. W’ith things so much desired as the food we eat and the clothes we the rule should be for the consumer to seek them—because he must have them — rather than for the producer to force them on him. Stop, good farmer, and consider what possibilities open up at this viewpoint. There are no other commodities in the world so desired as yours, in fact they are absolutely necessary for the comfort and existence of human and animal life. In your business you have all possibilities of extortion, yet the farmers can be trusted to feed the world at fair prices,

even when co-operating with our plan, where equity rules. This plan of co-operation contemplates a society or organization, as stated. It Is proposed to call it the American Society of Equity. (There may be a Russian Society of Equity, a German Society of Equity, etc., if necessary, but as America is the great surplus nation, prices may be made here which will govern over the world). '' In support of the suggested name, "American Society of Equity,” we will give Webster’s definition, as follows: "Equity—Equality of rights; natural justice of rights; the giving or desiring to give to each man his due, according to reason and the law of God to man; fairness in determination of conflicting claims; Impartiality.’*' Equity Is synonymous with or equal to justice, rectitude. (See below.) Justice—The quality of being just, conformity to the principles of righteousness and rectitude In all things, strict performance of moral obligations, practical conformity to human or divine law: Integrity In the dealings of men with each other; rectitude: equity; uprightness. Conformity to truth and realty In expressing opinions and In conduct: fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit; honesty; fidelity: Impartiality; as. The rendering to everyone his due or right; just treatment, requital of desert: merited reward or punishment; that which is due to one’s conduct or motives. Agreeablenese to right, equity; justness; as the Justness of a claim. Equity and justice are synonymous with law; right; rectitude: honesty: Integrity; uprightness; fairness and Impartiality. Justice and equity are the same; but human laws, though designed to secure Justice, are of necessity Imperfect, and hence what Is strictly legal is at times far from being equitable or Just. Justice, Rectitude—Rectitude, In Its widest sense. Is one of the most comprehensive words In our language, denoting absolute conformity to the rule of right In principle and practice. The name. American Society of Equity, If selected. will always indicate the object of We cannot offer any more comprehensive explanation than contained in the word equity itself. Equity given and equity received should be the one object of this association. A plan such as this Is the only practical one for the farmers. Manufacturers may form trusts and partnerships and be bound by ironclad agreements, but with the great agricultural Industry any enormous concent ration of capital to controls prices would prove an incentive to unusual production, an Inducement to hold crops and a desire to obtain fictitious values when the plan would fail. With our plan, where price is based entirely on merit, an unusually large world’s crop, whether from Increased acreage. Increased yield per acre or accumulations

J. A. EVERITT.

in the hands of producers or holders, means lower prices in the future. This fear of lower prices to be fixed by production and consumption, will of Itself be sufficient Incentive to keep the crops moving Into consumption. The safety valve will be reliable Information placed before them, a fair minimum price and the intelligence and common sense of a fair portion of the American farmers. Array on our side the intelligent farmers who are amenable to facts and reason and the results are accomplished. The balance of the farmers, at any rate, are the stubborn, ignorant portion who are either driven or led. and are not sufficient to effect the general results. We know, with a profitable price obtainable, the temptation to hold will not be so great, and we predict crops Will be marketed closer during the year and the consumption will be greater of every staple product. Also with profitable prices for each crop the inducement will not be present to put out an exceedingly large acreage of any one crop, which has been one of the great faults of farmers in the past. We have had some experience with human nature, (ind we believe enough producers can and will demand the minimum (lowest allowable) price to make the workings of the plan definite and reliable. As to controlling production this feature will take care of Itself. Consumption has overtaken production In all

important lines, while with a profitable price assured, each producer will not attempt to put out a whole township M he oftentimes attempts when prices are low, in order to “make both ends meet.” Manufacturing and mercantile enterprises are not conducted by chance. Why should farming be an exception? It need not be. We appeal to every producer of crops to consider this matter very carefully and decide in the future to do business on business principles. With this plan in successful operation it will limit or stop all speculation in agricultural products—such as wheat, oats, corn, cotton, pork, beef, etc., by gamblers, who only thrive on uncertainties. The Results, It will Increase the value of all farms from 25 to 100 per cent. It will make of the farmer a, spender of much more money for Improvements on the farm, for necessaries, luxuries and education. It means enormous benefits to all people engaged in agricultural pursuits, also to merchants, millers, grain dealers, manufacturers. professional men, etc. It meane unprecedented and uninterrupted prosperity for America and the civilized world. Uncertainties about prices, overproduction or unprofitable prices in any great enterprise like farming are constant menaces to the prosperity of a nation. The selling of farm products In the past has always been a guessing match. Guessing Is good enough If It hits, but a certainty is several thousand per cent, better. With profitable prices made on each crop, farmers can put up warehouses or granaries to hold their products, or build co-operative cold storage plants to hold their fruit. If necessary. Did you ever think of it? The farmer may be the greatest monopolist of them all. To Illustrate: He can take the rawest kind or material (plant food), put it in’ his land and manufacture through his plants and animals the very highest finished products, such as meat, butter, eggs, fruit, etc., and sell them to the consumer at the highest possible price. There need be no person to share profits with him if he lives up to his privileges. The present plan of the society, however, is not to Interfere with established business methods as long as the other people will concede to the farmers their rights, but only to put farming on a safe, profitable basis and secure for farmers benefits equalling those realized In other business undertakings. The success of this plan means steady, uninterrupted prosperity for farmers. It means that they can make many Improvements that otherwise they can not. It means substantial buildings, with many comforts for the farmers’ families and stock that may never be enjoyed under the old order of things. Having a certain profit from their products, they will spend it freely, and every Industry In the country will be benefited, thus benefiting every man, woman and child. There can be no mistake about this prediction. The success of this plan also means the control of the markets of the world by the farmers; and they can be trusted to feed the world at fair prices. But should the fair prices be refused they can starva the world by withholding their produce. More than this. Remove the uncertainties surrounding any business and you make better citizens of those people. They will be better morally, mentally and physically. Remove the uncertainties of prices for agricultural products and you will lessen sickness, poverty, crime and taxation. Our schools and colleges will fill up and our poor houses, asylums, jails and penitentiaries will have fewer Inmates. Give us equity and you will give us happiness. The success of this plan will cause the farmer to love his business, to care for his farm, to raise better crops and larger crops. He will be encouraged to irrigate and to do a thousand things that now he can not do. The success of this plan, where equity rules, will obliterate that feeling, “Do him or he will do me." On the contrary, when you get .your just reward, you can love your neighbor as yourself. The churches will be filled because humanity will have much to be thankful for, and the saloon will be empty because of no sorrows to drown. Uncertainty of price does not stimulate demand and consumption. Remove the uncertainty of prices of farm products, give the producer a fair profit and the middleman a fair margin and there will be a constant stream flowing to the consumer, causing greater consumption and benefiting every person. The plan is simplicity Itself, as already explained. Give us a fair proportion of the farmers willing to ask a fair price, based on production and consumption and the result will be accomplished. Give us unity in co-operation among the farmers, if that is possible. In the carrying out of this plan, and no trust ever dreamed of would represent such a power of capital as would be behind the American Society of Equity. The farmers are strong enough and rlcn enough now to take this important step. Prompt action will prevent prices from slipping "down to an unprofitable basis, with all the hardships attendant on a condition of poverty and bankruptcy that large crops and unprofitable prices will bring sooner or later. Profitable prices for good crops is what we must have, then the benefits will be evenly and generally distributed, and permanent national prosperity guaranteed. Note 1 —Any attempt to control prices through a large fund as recently proposed by several companies will fail because it will encourage producers to increase production and to hold their crops, which will result in an unwieldy surplus. If the fund Is actually used to buy and hold the crops, it will certainly result like the Leiter deal-in an Inability to find buyers when they must be disposed of. Neither Individual, corporate, nor national aid along this line can be effective unless the surplus that is bound to result will ' be destroyed. Note 2—This society will secure for farmers a profitable price for staple farm crops and be beneficial In securing better prices for perishable crops, such as vegetables. fruit, dairy and poultry products, etc It is broad enough for every producer. nos difference where situated. Note 3—Good prices for farm products are absolutely necessary for the continuance of the present prosperous conditions. Good prices have never in the past maintained themselves voluntarily and will not now in view of the greatest crops that the country has ever harvested. Why should not good prices be maintained in view of the fact that the people who consume the farmers’ products literally have “money to burn. With the people unprecedentedly prosperous it will be a great calamity if the farmers must feed them at ruinous prices. Note 4—with prices for farm products on the same basis for profits as enjoyed by the manufacturer, the labor question on the farm will I- ” Why should not the city people pay the farmer for his produce a price ’’J allow him to pay wages and work short hours, equal to the manufacturer, whose goods the farmer consumes? Surely this would be equity. _ , . , Note s—With th-* ’-nn Society of Equity in successful operation the last great menace to our national prosperity will be removed and a feeling of confidence will prevail such as was never before known. Every of people except the speculators will welcome it. Note 6—Successful co-operation for farmers means hundreds of millions of dollars profit on their products each year and hundreds of millions more in the increased value of their farms and fixtures on account of increased earning capacity. Note 7—For instructions about organizing local branches and all other particulars write to the author.

Valparaiso College.

Valparaiso College, Valparaiso. Indiana, has just closed its 29th year. The institution has in this time developed from a very small beginning to one of the largest educational institutions in the country. It is well equipped with buildings, laboratories. library, apparatus, etc., and does the highest grade of work. When the advantages of this school are considered its phenomenal growth, is not to be wondered at. Young people who want to make the most of their time and money seek just such a school. Expenses are lower than at any other place offering anything like equal advantages. The continued growth of th. school is assured.

ITS GOLDEN JUBILEE

STATE FAIR CELEBRATES ITS FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY. Half a Century of Splendid Progress and Achievement Marked by This Year’s Exhibition. The Indiana state fair this year commemorates the golden jubilee of the state board of agriculture. So interwoven are the Interests of the state board and the fair—so dependent is one upon the other —that the story of one is the story of both, and the advancement of either marks the progress of the agricultural interests of Indiana. The state board of agriculture was organized in 1851, for the purpose of bringing within close relation the agricultural and its allied Interests of the state, to broaden the opportunities of the Indiana farmer, give him an insight into what advancement his neighbor was making; and through the half century of its existnece the state board has held, to this purpose with unswerving fidelity. Through its fifty years, the organization has at every opportunity broadened the field of its operations, it has extended a helping hand to the individual who sought knowledge of agricultural affairs within the state, and has given its aid to the upbuilding of county fairs, agricultural and horticultural associations and through them strengthened its own organization. Through its annual fair, too, the state board has drawn together not only the best products of the soli from Indiana, but the best from other states, thatwthe farmer from Indiana might broaden and develop his resources to the end of benefiting himself and thereby enriching his state. Through the fair, too, the state board has. year after year, brought before the farmers the best of the herds and the flocks of Indiana and the country, and has assembled on its fair grounds the best and newest machinery that comes within the needs of the tiller of the soil. The first Indiana state fair was held at Indianapolis, beginning Oct. 20, 1852. a year after the state board was organized. The president of the state board was Governor Joseph A. W-’ght, who was at the head of the state fair for the first three years of its existence In 1852 the idea of state fairs was new tn the western country. Previous to the organization of the state board several county fairs had been held in Indiana, and it was out of these county organizations that the idea of a state exhibition grew. The first Indiana state fair lasted through three days, each one of which was marked by the balmy sunshine of Indian summer. Thirty thousand Indiana people were on the fair grounds durl tg the three days, and this first state fair was a successful one for the times In a financial way. in exhibits and in attendance. It called together the town and country man from remote sections of the state. Some started from home days before the fair opened, some driving horses and others being content with the slow pace of oxen that drew their wagons. It was as the first general exhibit of the products of the labor and skill of the people, and it stimulated public interest tn the undertakings of the state board of agriculture. which has lasted to this day. The stock raisers of Indiana sent their sleekest cattle to’ the fair in 1852, as they have done every year since. They also sent their largest and finest horses, the fattest from their herds, the best products of field and orchard, the best from their looms. Thursday was the important day of this pioneer fair. On the program that afternoon was a speech, but there is no record of who the speaker was. There were plowing contests between farmer boys, who drove horses and oxen. There were exhibits of tombstones. daguerreotypes, stones cut by machinery. and spinning wheels. A shower bath was exhibited, said by the judges of the fair to have been "Ingeniously constructed and well adapted to family use. There were exhibits of sewing machines, but the committee on prize awards thought the S4O. SSO and S6O asked for them was too high for the machines to ever come into general use. The records of the first state fair indicate that it was not the well organized exhibition that has developed from fifty years' experience. At the close of the fair the receipts from all sources amounted to $8,853.16. Of this sum the state contributed SI,OOO from its treasury and the Marlon County Agricultural society gave S9OO. The price of admission at the gates was 20 cents, and the total receipts from this source was $4,651.55. The total expenses of the first fair, including premiums. was $4,971.77, and the state board paid back to the state its contribution to the cause. The premiums during that fair amounted to $1,026 Silver cups were given as first prizes, and more than S6OO worth of them were distributed In the earlier years of the state fair energy was directed to building up public Interest in the enterprise. For two years the fair was held at various points In the state. The chief reason for this was to bring the fair within reach of the common people and to maintain the Interest that the first fair had won. The other reason was, the state board of agriculture was In Its Infancy; Its treasury had nothing behind it but the faith and goodwill of the people. It had no permanent home: Its record was to be made. The state board bon owed from county fair associations the uf.e of grounds In these earlier years. In 1853 the second state fair was held at Lafayette. Horace Greeley delivered a speech, which was made one of the chief attractions, his subject being. “What the Sister Arts Teach as to Farming." In 1854 the state fair was held at Madison. The expenses of the fair that year amounted to $6,399.62, and the receipts were $7,430.77. In 1855 the fair came back to Indianapolis, where It continued to be held for four years. Up to 1856 the state board confined competition at the fair among exhibitors to those living In Indiana, but at the fair that year people of other states were invited to send In exhibits. The fair that year continued through three days, and the premium list Included money prizes, silverware and cutlery, amounting In all to SB,OOO. During these years the fair was paying a substantial profit. The receipts In 1856 were $3,588 more than in 1855, and $10,700 more than in 1854. On Thursday of fair week. In 1856, ? there were 30,000 people on the grounds. The fair became a wanderer over the state again in 1859. the exhibit that year being held at New Albany, where the profits were between S3OO and S4OO. In the spring of 1860, when the cloud of the civil war was over the country, the state board of agriculture embarked in what was regarded as a daring undertaking—the buying of a fair grounds of its own. With the aid of the railroads centering at Indianapolis the plan was carried out. me property was what was then’ known as Camp Morton. The tract comprised thir-ty-eight acres. The railroads paid S4OO an acre for thirty acres, and the state board bought the other eight acres and also voted $14,000 for improvements. But the next year the strife of war cast a gloom over the career of the state fair. Soldiers were camping on the grounds, and no fair could be held that year. The misfortunes of the war followed the fair through two more years, 1862 and 1863, when the fair was held and lost money. In 1864 the autumn exhibition was heid again and showed a little Improvement In a financial way. In 1865 the fair left its permanent grounds and went to Ft, Wayne again, with the hope of increasing public Interest in it, and for the further reason that cities out in the state thought Indianapolis was deriving more than its share of benetfis from the fair. In 1866 an exhibition was held at Indlar> a polls, and in 1867 the fair occurred at Terre Haute. In 1868 the fair came back to Indianapolis to wander over the state no more, and from that year to this the state board has pursued Its work every year without Interruptions and with varying fortunes. The fortunes have been I

most favorable. Year after year the growth of Indianapolis was in the direction of the state fair grounds and, in November, 1892, so valuable had the ground become that the state board sold it for $275,000. The old fair'grounds is now occupied by a district of handsome homes. The year 1893 was a busy one in the history of the state board of agriculture. With money in its treasury and faith in its future, it acquired a tract of 214 acres —part by purchase and part by leasetwo miles northeast of its old grounds. It began improvements on an extensive and permanent scale, impiovements that were to lift the Indiana state fair up to the basis of the best in the United States. The golden jubilee bears out the promise of these later years. In its half century the state board of agriculture has distributed $500,000 in premiums, there never being a year when it did not pay its prizes in full. It has obtained full ownership of all the ground the fair now occupies, and its property has a valuation of $300.000. The state board and its fair are now in closer contact with the people than ever before. The years of success and experience behind it are an incentive to the state board of agriculture to etrive to greater ends, to still further broaden its purpose to win by its greater endeavor the confidence of the people whom it serves.

PROGRESS IN THE BREEDING OF THE HORSE.

Great progress is being made in the breeding up and improving tn our stock of horses. The farmer is making his best effort in this branch, realizing that crossing his mares with the best stallion he can find'is a paying Investment. He is also more careful in breeding his mares in the class they belong, thus producing a horse which has a certain inarket class. The middle states are the great leaders in the production of horses and are the first to substantially appreciate a high class stallion, knowing the return value of such an investment, and they accordingly are first to reap the reward. The market demand for good horses can not be Supplied and now that we have a steady and reliable foreign trade for our horses there need be no fear of an overproduction. The wars have taken out an enormous number of horses which j were undesirable for home use, leaving their places to be filled with a much better class of animal which can not but materially benefit the horse In general. Every year we find our customers more exacting In the qualities of the stallions, price seeming to make little difference as long as the Individual and breeding are there, and at no time have I found in thlrtv years' experience the demand so great as now for a high class horse. The three classes of horses which today are most in demand, therefore the more profitable to raise, are the trotter, the draft (either Percheron or Belgian) and the German coach. The latter horse is just commencing to receive his reward, having been Introduced but some fifteen years, and while it has taken some time, a great deal of hard work and toll to establish this horse, he is now in the front rank as a producer and I firmly believe Is the coming horse of America for all purposes suitably for the farmer, and brings the high price in the market for carriage and coach.

STEEL FENCING GROWS FAST IN POPULARITY.

Steel is the fencing material of the times. The old rail, stump and other wood fences are fast disappearing and the modern steel fences are replacing the old and obsolete styles, and are annually giving to the farmers thousands of acres of land on account of the saving in space occupied. When this saving of land is taken into consideration with the better protection to crops and stock, and the greater durability of steel as compared with wood, it becomes very apparent that the steel fencing, such as the American or Elwood syle, shown elsewhere in this issue. are by far the cheapest fences ever placed within the reach of the landowner. and the time is near at hand when the landscape will no logger be disfigured by the dilapidated rail and board fences. Farms fenced with steel fence such as above referred to are n-orth much more per acre on the market and pay . a much greater revenue per acre than where left open or Inclosed by fences of tne old and inferior type. A good steel fence is a paying Investment year after year, and. in fact, will pay for i;tself many times over within a few y< ars after erection.

fsEEijsj HENRY RUSSE [grain] The Leading Seedsman IN INDIANAPOLIS. IND.. East of the State House. J ' OWJHain SEEDSI 5 Correspondence

$56,000.m WORTH OF JERSEY CATTLE CIVEN AWAY FREE IN THE STATE SENTINEL’S GREAT PROFIT SHARING ENTERPRISE Send 50c for The State Sentinel for one year and make an estimate on how many votes will be cast by all parties for Secretary of State at the general election in November. These Cattle Will be on Exhibition at the Fair Grounds During the State Fair. FILL OUT THIS COUPON AND SEND IT TO THE GREENSBURG PRESS CLUB, GREENSBURG, INDIANA : Enclosed find 50 Cents for which send The State Sentinel one year to Name P. State fly estimate on the number of votes to be cast at the next general election in Indiana tor Secretary of State Is

T! JOHNSON’S W ELEGRAPH SCHOOL/ Majestic Bldg.. Indianapolis, Ind. Railway and Commercial Telegraphy thoroughly and practically taught. Positions furnished. Day and night school. Catalogue and testimonials tree. Central Normal College (Established 1876) DANVILLE, INDIANA The School for the Farmer’i Family Many Different Courses of Study AN EFFICIENT FACULTY of experienced men and women. Credits made in the C. N. C. are honored by all other colleges and universities. EXPENSES ARE LOW: Tution. $lO for 10 weeks; board, $1.50 per week; room rent. 50 cents per week. V. FALL TERM opened Sept. 2, but students can enter any day. DANVILLE Is the ideal college town. NOT A SALOON IN IT. The watsr is from Artesian wells and perfect. OUR CATALOGUE if Free. Send for it. JONATHAN RIGDON. President. - C A. HARGRAVE. Sec’y and Treas. Straw Stackers The Indiana MTg Co., The Stevenson Bldg., Indianapolis, Ind. WRITE TO THE Vonnegut Hardware Co. For Kverytblng In the Line of BriLDZBS’ AND CABINET HAHDWABB, flachlnery, Tools and Manufacturers’ Suplies and Heat Market Outfit*. Noe. 130 and 134 East Washington Street, CORRECT ENGRAVING OF CALLINC CARDS AND WEDDINC INVITATIONS MAY BE HAD OF WM. B. BURFORD, INDIANAPOLIS Gaar, Scott & Co., 120-124 Kentucky Ave. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Gaar, Scott & Co., the well-known Thresher manufacturers of Richmond, Ind., will not have any exhibit on the State fair grounds during -the fair this fall, but C. p. Swift, the Indianapolis manager, expects to have a litte State fair of his own at their elegant new office and warerooms at 120. 122 and 124 Ken-tucky-ave., where he will have a full lln® i of sample machinery In operation during fair week. He extends a cordial Invitation to all threshermen of Indiana to make their headquarters with him while in Indianapolis.

J. CROUCH.

WALRATH GAS AND GASOLINE ENGINES Received Gold fledal, Highest Award, Pan-American , Exposition, 1901. r HADE IN ONE, TWO AND THREB CYLINDER TYPES. The best high-grade engine on the market. Especially well qualified for electrio lighting or other service requiring close of s-peed. Neat in design, simple in construction and has less working parts than any other high-grade engine. All parts ara made interchangeable and accessible. Write for Catalogue B. Marinette Iron Works Mfg. Co. 619 Stevenson Building, INDIANAPOLIS, . . . INDIANA. Factory at Marinette, Wis.