Jasper County Democrat, Volume 5, Number 21, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 30 August 1902 — Page 11

“KING CORN” OF INDIANA.

INDIANA LEADS IN ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF CORN, THE GREAT AMERICAN CEREAL

Corn is the great American cereal. Moat of the other grains that we produce" were brought from Europe by the early colonists. and some of them, like wheat, came originally from Asia. Wheat was first cultivated in the Euphrates valley thousands of years ago, and was carried all over the world from that ancient country by the migrations of the white races. Corn, however. Is indigenous to America, and was unknown in Europe until the Spaniards carried home the seed. It was the food of the ancient "mound builders" and of those mysterious lost nations that built the ruined cities of Yucatan and Central America. It was the chief subsistence of the empires of Montezuma and the Incas; and the northern Indians reverenced it as a gift of the Great Spirit It saved the first Puritans from starvation, and from the Atlantic to the grand prairie it gladdened with Its golden smile the hard life of the pioneers. Nor were its blessings limited to the early settlers, for the sons and grandsons of the pioneers find today our greatest wealth producing crop "the backbone of American agri<juj|ure.” t Indiana has received but little attention In our current literature as a great corn producing state, yet the farmers of grand old Indiana raise more corn that is produced In any other state of its size In the union. The Indiana crop for 1399, as shown lr* the returns of the census of 1900. amounted to 178.967,070 bushels, as compared with 152,055,390 bushels for Ohio, and 44.584.130 bushels for Michigan, both of which are larger states than Indiana. This Indiana crop is greater than the crop reported in the previous census for all the states north of Georgia and east of Ohio, including all of New En-gland-fifteen states in all. Incidentally. Indiana raises as much wheat as Pennsylvania and all the states north and east together. Including New England. Texas would make eight states the size of Indiana. From 5.017,690 acres Texas raised 109.970,350 bushels of com in 1899, while Indiana raised 178.967.070 bushels from 4.499.249 acres. The five states which take precedence over Indiana in the production of com —Kansas, Nebraska. Missouri, lowa and Illinois—are all much larger states tn area. Kansas and Nebraska would each make more than two Indianas. Missouri is nearly twice as large, while Illinois and lowa are each about two-thlrds larger in area. The Indiana crop for the census year was worth more money than the Nebraska crop. Indiana produces about one-twelfth of the corn crop of the Untied States, and about onesixteenth of the world’s crop of the golden cereal. The following figures are given in the census for 1900 on the leading crops of -Indiana: Acres. Value. Com 4.499.249 351.752.946 Wheat 2,893.293 22.228.316 Hay and forage 2,442.414 20.227.197 Oats 1,017,385 7,458,682 The corn crop, it will be observed, was worth more than the three other principal crops combined. Corn was by far the most profitable erop, being valued at $11.50 per acre, as compared with $7.68 per acre for wheat. $8.28 for hay and $7.33 for oats. The Indiana com crop averaged about forty bushels per acre, while the average for the entire country is less than thirty bushels, and the average, outside of the half-dozen leading com states, is not more than twenty bushels. The crop of

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the entire country last year averaged less than twenty bushels. Forty cents a bushel would be a fair average price for corn, and at this price the Indiana crop for the census year would have been worth sl6 per acre, or a total valuation of $71,586,828, Instead of $51,752,946. the census valuation. The price was figured at less than 30 cents in the census, but this was due to the fact that the corn market was still depressed in 1899 by the great surplus crops carried over from previous years. On whatever basis we figure, however, >t is very clear that com is ths great wealth producing crop, of Indiana, and the demand is growing so rapidly for this crop that it is likely to prove more profitabla in the future than in the past. How to Make Corn Growing More Profitable. We llvs In an age of progress, and the farmers who make the most money are those who are the most progressive in profiting by the experience of others. The man who feeds his com to cattle and hogs realizes more money for it, in ordinary years, than the man who sells and ships his grain. The man who feeds his com to good graded cattle gets more beef from the same amount of feed than the man who wastes his raw material on "scrubs," and he also gets a higher price per hundred fcr his cattle. The man who uses modem cultivators and planters can taise more corn and thus produce more with his season’s labor than the man who pikes along with an old style onehorse cultivator or drill. The progressive man makes money and lives well, whils those who lack the intelligence and enterprise necessary to keep abreast of the progress of the age live In poverty and always have good apparent reasons for complaining of "hard times.” It Is less than twenty-five years ago since we had riots on the farm in many parts of Indiana In which labor-saving machines—-self-binders—were destroyed by farm hands who thought the Introduction of these machines meant starvation for the hired man. It seems incredible to us of the present day that any ore could have been so lacking in intelligence as to resist the introduction of these beneficent machines. Our modem Inventions for saving labor on the farm have made the farmer a business man who rides on a spring seat and utilizes his brains In a manner to do the labor of twenty men. Instead of tolling with his hands, as in the past. Since McCormick invented the reaper In 1831, the first labor-saving machine ever used In the field, we have had a revolution In agriculture that has transferred the labor of the field from the aching arms and backs of men to the horse or to steam power. Under the old regime farming was an "occupation” In which a man could make a living. He could raise enough to eat with his hands, and his wife could toll early and late to make hts homespun clothes, in addition to her other household duties, going Into the field with the rest of the family In season to drop, cover or hoe corn or to bind after the sickles or gather the sheaves and shock the grain. Perhaps they enjoyed life in those days, because they knew nothing better, but who, among those who have lived to see the methods of the twentieth century, would want to go back to the conditions of a hundred years ago? Who. among our farmers’ wives and daughters, would have us return to a system that would compel them to toll In the fields with the men as of old? When the history of the nineteenth century

•hall be written by men of the future who can look back from the bights of time to survey the progress of the century, it Is possible that one of the most important events that they will find to chronicle Is the emancipation of woman from labor In the field, as an incident In the transformation of agriculture from an “occupation” to a “business" by the introduction of labor-saving machines, first and foremost of which was the great invention of Cyrus H. McCormick. The farmer of today Is a business man who uses machines as the most essential and useful part of his capital; and the most successful farmer is the man who uses the best machines and makes the best use of them. "The man with the hoe” could raise but a few acres of corn; the man with modern implements can take care of forty to sixty acres. The man with a hoe could only make a living; the modern farmer can make money and accumulate a modest fortune, without any of the back-breaking toll of the pioneers. The greatest boon to agriculture in the past twenty years is the Invention of the corn binder and the husking and shredding machine. More than fifty years ago Inventors began to struggle with the problem of building a machine to harvest corn, but the twine binder had not been perfected at that time. Even after binders were Introduced for harvesting wheat and oats many years elapsed, until 1890, when an Illinois farmer discovered the right principle and put it into practice in the “vertical” corn binder. His machine was crudely constructed, but it worked so well that the leading harvest-

PRIMITIVE WOODEN PLOW.

ing machine company in the world took it up, bought his patents, spent several years and a large amount of money in perfecting the mechanical principles of the machine, making of it the successful vertical corn binder, thousands of which are now in use on Indiana farms. The vertical corn binder makes it possible for the farmer to increase his acreage and thus make more money. A man cannot cut and shock by hand more than fifteen to twenty acres of corn, at the rate of an acre a day. and this limitation in the harvesting limited the acreage that a man could take care of, just as the amount of grain that a man could reap with the sickle before the invention of the reaper limited the size of the wheat field on the fa'- '”lth the corn binder, one man is able to take care of a larger field, and this means a great deal to the farmers of Indiana. A machine will harvest and bind seven or eight acres of corn In a day. and It is not at all uncommon for one machine to cut 100 acres. The census shows an average of twenty acres of corn to each farm in Indiana. With corn harvesters in general use it will be possible for each farmer to raise forty to fifty acres, thus doubling the corn crop of the state, and it will be to the Interest of Indiana farmers to do this, in view of the fact that corn .s twice as profitable as any other field crop, as shown by the census. The Value of the Fodder. Doubling the acreage of corn Is only one of the advantages that the Indiana farmer can derive from the use Of the com harvester. This machine and the husker and shredder will almost double the value of the crop from each acre. Nearly half the feeding value of tha corn crop is in the fodder, as shown by scientific analysis. When the fodder is fed whole, in racks or spread out in the barn yard or op the ground, the cattle can only eat the blades, husks and tender tops. They cannot eat the stalk and yet some of the most important and valuable of the food elements of the crop are locked up in the shell of the stalk, which cannot be masticated when fed whole. The husking and shredding machine tears this stalk up Into fine shreds, so that practically the whole of it is eaten. The cattle relish it and do well on it, actually preferring it to hay. Thousands of dairymen testify that it will make more milk than hay, and It makes a perfect substitute for hay for growing cattle and horses. Patent Stock Food Secret. In the past few years an enormous business has been built up In the manufacture and sale of-.patent stock foods which are claimed to\jrevent cholera in hogs and to stimulate', the growth and fattening of cattle. One of the most Important Ingredients of some of these “foods,” which have be®n analyzed, is made by grinding the joints of corn stalks. Some of the people who have discovered this üße of/the humble corn stalk have raised kpt/e and cry over the discovery of a great fraud; yet thousands of farmers who use these "foods” testify to their value and keep on using them, without knowing what they are made of. The simple fact is that the joint contains food elements which the animals need, and when they get these elements they grow better and are more healthy. But why should the farmer pay fancy prices for patent stock food when by using a shredder he can make it himself and feed it in large quantities instead of In mere nibbles? This secret of the patent stock food trade explains some of the remarkable results that dairymen have obtained from feeding shredded fodder. Chemical analysis also explains these results by showing that the fodder is rich in certain mineral elements of food in which the corn Itself Is deficient and which are also lacking In the blades and husks. The Value of Ensilage. Ensilage is one of the most profitable feeds known. Every successful dairyman who can afford It has a silo and feeds his cows ensilage during the winter, along with their dry feed. It seems to stimulate digestion and the secretion of milk. The cow is a machine for converting feed into milk, and the more feed she can convert into milk the larger the profit for her owner. The chemists show that while the corn Is still green the juices contain In “soluble" form many nutritious elements which turn Into "Insoluble” fiber wheu the fodder has become fully ripe. Ensilage preserves these juices in soluble form, so that they are not only saved and digested into milk, but when they reach the cow’s stomach they also aid in the digestion of dry feed, which is eaten along with the ensilage. Before the introduction of the corn harvester very few fanners could afford to put up ensilage. The work of cutting the corn by hand required so much labor that a silo was Impracticable except in localities where the necessary hands could be had on short notice, and where the farmer could figure a profit on the large outlay required. With the corn harvester, however, all this expensive work of cutting the crop in a few days by hand Is saved. The machine gets over the ground

quickly and leaves the corn In bundles, dropped In windrows by the bundle carrier, so that the work of hauling into the silo is facilitated. There has been a large increase In the number of silos since these machines became available, and the next few years will undoubtedly see a still greater increase in the feeding of ensilage. Why Shredded Fodder Is More Valuable than Dry Fodder. The remarkable results that have been obtained in feeding ensilage have been due to the fact already noted, that the juices of the growing corn are preserved In the silo In soluble form. If corn is harvested at the right time, before it gets too ripe, the change from the soluble to the insoluble form Is arrested, ’ and the fodder cures into nutritious feed which wten shredded is superior to hay; while the same fodder, if allowed to stand a week longer, would lose much of Its feeding value. Every farmer has observed in cutting timothy or clover that if the crop is taken at just the right time it makes fine hay, but if allowed to stand too long It becomes dry and woody and does not make good feed. The same changes goes on In the ripening of corn. If allowed to stand until it has become too rope, the rich sap turns into woody, indigestible fiber, and the fodder becomes hard, tough and unpalatable to the stock. When green corn is cut and thrown out on the grass, cattle will eat it, stalks and all, in preference to the grass and fatten on it.

Over-ripe fodder, however, is not much better than straw. When corn is cut by hand, a man cannot cover more than a few acres at the right cutting season. With the vertical corn binder, it is possible to save it all with the same care that a practical farmer gives to his timothy or clover. The ears do not shrink when the corn is cut and shocked at this critical time.’as they cure with the fodder in the shock the same as though left standing, and the yield of corn to the acre will be as large as thought it had stood uncut until the ears had fully ripened. This Is the great value of the corn harvester, that it enables the farmer to cut his corn without hand labor, and nt the same time it gives him a crop of fodder which is equal in feeding value and in tonnage to a crop

TEN YEARS OF SOUSA CONCERTS.

(By George Frederick Hinton.)

Ten years ago, or, to be exact, on Sept. 26. 1892, was born the greatest military concert band the world has ever known, the organization that has since become so famous under the title of "Sousa and His Band.” This was not the creation of a moment to flash Into ephemeral popularity, but the inspiration of a master managerial mind, prompted by the genius of a great musician. It was a triumph of business acumen, allied to lofty artistic ideals, that failed not. at the same time, to appreciate the love of music in the masses as well as their popular predelictions. The history of such an enterprise is therefore well worth detailing. The military band is conducted in America under different conditions from those that obtain abroad. Here it is almost a matter ’of private enterprise, while in

P. S. GILMORE.

Europe its connection with the military establishment is of paramount importance. The wind band in America Is therefore a concert band first and a military band afterward, and as most organizations of this kind are dependent upon public favor for support, the necessity for continued exertion has brought about a high degree of excellence among our bands. The superiority of the American band is due practically to the genius of two men. Patrick Sarsfield Gilmore and John Philip Sousa. Gilmore was the father of the American military concert band as it exists today, and Sousa has refined and exalted it to the commanding position of artistic eminence in this field of music the world over. The concert band as we know it today Is the result of thirty years’ development and had its genesis in the great peace jubilee organized by Mr. Gilmore in Boston in 1872. when we gave a monster musical festival, the greatest the world has ever known, with an orchestra of 2.000, a chorus of 20,000 and an ensemble of 250 soloists. Foreign government sent their representative military bands, which included the Grenadier Guards of England, the Garde Republicalne of France and the Prussian Guards. At the conclusion of*thls jubilee Gilmore removed to New York and organized the band which became so widely known under his name for many years, utilizing all the most desirable characteristics of the foreign bands and adding such improvements as his experience and judgment dictated. For twenty years the Gilmore band enjoyed continuous prosperity and popularity; its tours extended all over the country, and the financial and artistic status of the band musician increased materially. When In 1892 the baton fell from the lifeless hand of Gilmore It was grasped by John Philip Sousa. Although originally an orchestral performer, Sousa had teen brought up In a military band atmosphere, and, when at the age of twen-ty-four he assumed the direction of the United States Marine band he possessed an intimate knowledge of the limitations and possibilities of reed and percussion Instruments which stood him In good stead when he rearranged the instrumentation to further develop the scope of the ■wind orchestra. Sousa soon raised the Marine band to the front rank of the

of hay from the same land. It gives two crops Instead of one from the corn field, and the second crop, the fodder, is the most profitable of the two, because it has cost nothing to grow it. The vertical corn binder is the great triumph of the closing years of the nineteenth century. It gives the farmer a successful machine with which to conquer on the last great battlefield of hand labor on the farm. It completes the chain of Inventions which enable the farmer to ride on a comfortable spring seat In all his work, from the first furrow of spring to the last corn row In the fall. It Is an achievement that has tried the mettle of hundreds of inventors, for corn Is a stubborn crop that seems to -ave taken delight in baffling the inventors who sought to build corn-har-vesting machines. A dozen years ago it was a common saying among men who were experimenting with corn harvester* that any one could build a machine to cut nice “Sunday-school corn” where the stalks all stood up straight In the rows, but that the real test where Inventors failed was in trying to handle down corn, so that the crop might be harvested under all the conditions In which ft is found at cutting time. This vras the test In which the vertical corn binder proved lhe master. Star.dirg up to its work, the machine moves forward, straddling the row. The long dividers which project forward at each side of the row pick up the down stalks and the gathering chains lift them up into vertical position. The corn is not carried back through the machine, strictly speaking—the machine moves forward and gathers the corn In bundles as It goes, much as a man might walk forward a-straddle of the row, gathering up the corn In a bundle In his arms and cutting a as he went with knives on his feet. In this manner the corn is handled gently yet firmly, and Is bound In compact, square-butted bundles which stand up in solid shocks. This Is the triumph of the vertical corn binder, that It will harvest the crop In any and all conditions in which It Is found at cutting time, harvesting successfully “big corn, little corn, down corn. lodged corn or any other kind of corn that grows in rows.” Husking and Shredding Machines. It is about forty years since inventors began to dream of a corn husking machine, but It Is only within the past ten years that practical machines have been available for the farmer. So long as the husking of the corn was the only object sought, there was no real demand for these machines, because the farmer could not save enough labor to warrant their use. Since the discovery of the great value of corn fodder, and the equipment of these machines with shredder heads to shred the fodder, the demand has gtown rapidly, and one company has sold several thousand in the state of Indiana In the past few years. The first husking and shredding machines that were put out were made by small manufacturers who did not have the facilities to build good machines. The strains to which a husker and shredder are subjected, especially In handling heavy corn, are very severe, and the strongest and most scientific construction is required to make a durable machine. It was not until firms having large capital had taken hold of the problem and brought all of their technical skill and experience to bear that it was possible for the farmers to obtain at a moderate price a machine that would give satisfaction. The machines that had formerly been put out would not shred the fodder fine enough, leaving It In long strips that would roll tip In a cow’s stomach, and often these machines were

military bands of the world, and during the twelve years he remained the president’s bandmaster he won recognition as composer and conductor. His entry into the wider fields of general concert work' was brought about in this manner. David Blakely, one time editor and secretary of state of Minnesota, became in 1884. the active manager of the Gilmore band. He was a man of cultivated musical tastes and fine literary capacity an 1 had earned managerial experience in the direction of several tours of the Theodore Thomas orchestra. After six prosperous years, in which the Gilmore band attained the zenith of its popularity, Gilmore and Blakely dissolved their business relations and the latter, having been attracted by the rising star of John Philip Sousa, succeeded in obtaining the permission of the government to take the United States Marine band and its brilliant conductor upon two concert tours, which practically covered the entire United States. Sousa proved a sensation with his magnetic perronaiity, forceful conducting and the fiery swing and swerve of his marches, and it was a foregone conclusion that he must be brought permanently into a conspicuous public position. A proposition from a syndicate, headed by David Blakely, involving the organization of a new band to bear the name of Sousa, decided the joung American conductor, and in August, 1892. his resignation as bandmaster of the United States marine corps wis reluctantly accepted by the government. Sousa at once began the task of selecting his new band. The best musicians from every city were summoned to his standard and the new organization speedily began to take form. Some weeks were spent in incessant rehearsals, in which the band acquired those peculiar Sousaesque characteristics that have always distinguished it from all other hands. The first concert of the new band was given at Plainfield, N. J., on Sept. 26. 1892, and two days before that time Gilmore died suddenly at St. Louis. It is an Interesting fact to note that the first number ever played In public by the Sousa band was Gilmore s own hymn, "Death’s at the Doqr,” in momery of the dead bandmaster. The story of the Sousa band since that date is already musical history. No other organization in the world can boast of a record of accomplishments sor Imposing, and of a success so enormous and so enduring. During the ten years of its existence the Sousa band will have given 5,000 concerts In 393 weeks, playing in more than 600 different cities in the United States, Canada, England, Scotland, France, Germany, Belgium and Holland, necessitating travel equal to twelve times the circumference of the earth. Sousa has made his name and his music famous In every quarter of the globe, and he has advanced his particular form of musical art to the highest state of development It has ever known. Sousa has always encouraged the American musician. The nursery of the great concert bands of America Is the village band, composed of lusty-lunged country boys with more vigor than technique, more ambition than temperament. The American youth Is naturally musical, and to his virile nature the brass band appeals with singular potency. There are about thirty thousand brass bands In the United States, and they are developing a new school of performers that blds fair to dominate the military music of the country, for the American boy is being attracted to the less conspicuous but equally Important instruments of the band that have until recently been played solely by foreigners, and by reason of his Intelligence, energy and ambition he speedily outstrips his competitors. And now for ten years has Sousa preached the gospel of melody throughout the length and breadth of the land. Twenty semi-annual concert tours had he made, five of which took his band Into every state and territory in the union, until there is hardly a town of more than 10,000 inhabitants where Sousa has not been a visitor. No other musical orfianizatlon In the world has given pleasure to so many music-lovers at home and abroad, and no other conductor has so large and enthusiastic a following. In 1896 death deprived the organization of the valued services of Its manager, David Blakely, and the business direction of the band is now vested In Frank Christlaner, who has been associated wit*

so ungrateful as to take "off the hand or arm of the man who fed It. In the hands of companies that were amply equipped with technical skill and capital to carry out extensive experiments. these defects were soon remedied. A "safety lever” was provided in front of the feeder and between him and the machine. so that he could not get close enough, by accident or carelessness, to get his hands In danger, without throwing the machine out of gear. This automatic safety device put an end to the accidents, so far as the machine provided with It was concerned. Another great Improvement was In a shredder head that would both cut and split the stalks, tearing them up Into fine bits so that the entire stalk would be eaten and digested. With these and many Improvements In the details of construction the farmers were provided with a machine that any one could run without employing professional threshermen or other expert help. The owner of a large farm or three or four owners of adjoining farms could club together and buy a machine which they could run themselves In the winter, thus employing their time profitably when no other farm work could be done. The "clubbing” plan has been very generally followed by Indiana farmers and has enabled thousands to save their fodder and turn it into beef or butter, thus adding considerably to their incomes from their farms. The purchase of these machines requires good judgment on the part of the farmer. Success Is always Imitated, and many people with limited facilities for manufacturing, or none at all, are undertaking to put machines on the market that have r.ot stood the necessary tests under all the conditions that arise in practical work. One of these untried machines that works beautifully today, under certain conditions, will fall entirely tomorrow under different conditions. A few of these failures bring disaster to the manufacturer who has undertaken on limited capital to do what requires enormous capital and a great organization of expert and experienced machine men; and when the factory goes out of business the farmers who ere left with machines are unable to get repairs or expert attention. So far as the farmer is concerned, however, all these difficulties are easily avoided by doling only with those companies that have the capital and the organization to make good their contracts and guarantees; the companies that have been 'n business long enough to satisfy the prudent farmer that he Is safe in trusting to their long and honorable career as a guaranty of the future,

How the Indiana Fair Will Observe Its Anniversary.

The golden jubilee of the Indiana state fair will be celebrated the week of Sept. 15, by the distribution of more premiums than the state board of agriculture ever offered before, by several thousand dollars. The total awards will amount to about $3u.000, against S4OO, which was awarded at the first fair fifty years ago. The horse show premiums amount to $3,150, an increase of SI,OOO over last year. The purses for the races will reach $14,600. or $6,000 more than last year. The awards in the cattle show will amount to $1,300. The prize sheep will receive $1,500, an Increase over last year of SSOO. In the swine department the premiums amoiint to $2,000, an increase of S6OO. The poultry awards .amount to $1,600, an increase of SSOO. Tne premiums on art will reach $1,400, and there is an Increase of S2OO In the awards of the corn show.

the Gilmore and Sousa tours for eighteen years. The ever-increasing popularity of John Philip Sousa, soon made his appearance in Europe with his band a foregone conclusion. and It was not long before negotiations were opened for the appearance

FRANK CHRISTIANER.

of the representative American band on the other side of the water. As early as 1898 arrangements were completed for an extended European tour, but the outbreak of the Spanish war necessitated a postponement of the trip, and it was not until 1900 that Sousa finally took his men across the water. Musical history does not chronicle an achievement approaching this first triumphal tour of Sousa through Europe. The accomplishment rose to the dignity of International Importance and it was nothing less than an An erlcan trlurnph. With a month of concerts in Paris lthree weeks in Berlin and tw. months divided among some thlrtyflv> of the leading continental cities, the Sousa band won an unparalleled triumph. Tn-4 second tour, a year later, covered on Great Britain, but was. If possible, even more successful than the continental trip, and has established the European season as an annual feature of the Sousa Itinerary. Very early in Its career the Sousa band became the great exposition band of the world, the tremendous drawing power of the organization and the overwhelming popularity of the conductor demonstrating its value as an attraction. Ths first engagement of the kind was at the dedi-

DAVID BLAKELY.

cation of the world’s fair buildings at Chicago with six weeks of concerts ths following spring when the fair opened. It was the band of the Mid-Winter fair at San Francisco, the Cotton States exposition at Atlanta, the Paris exposition of 1900, the Pan-American exposition at Buffalo, the National Export exposition at

Philadelphia and the International exhibition of 1901 at Glasgow, Scotland. Th» band officiated for four seasons at the St Louis permanent exposition, and has been the star musical attraction at the Western Pennsylvania exposition at Pittsburg for five years. It has been played at the food fairs and the Merchants and Manufacturers' exposition at Boston, as well as at the Texas and Indiana state fairs, having also to its credit seven summers at Manhattan beach and two long engagements at Willow Grove park. In the choice of supporting soloists Mr. Sousa has always been particularly fortunate, and many of the leading artists of the decade have figured upon the programs of the band’s concerts. The future plans of the Sousa band Include a return to the Pittsburg exposition In September, a third engagement at the Indiana state fair and another grand transcontinental tour, ending In New York on Dec. 14. Ten days later the band will sail for Europe for Its third foreign tour, opening in London at Queen’s hall on Jan. 2. This tour will extend over six months. Following is the chronological history of Sousa's band< 1892 16 Weeks of Concerts. Organized In September under the name of “Sousa’s New Marine Band,” and gave its first concert at Plainfield, N. J., on Sept. 26 at Stillman music hall. The tour continued through the middle states to Chicago, where the band, by special engament, took a prominent part in the dedication of the world’s fair buildings in October. The return trip included the New England states, closing Dec. 11. The new organization played in nearly one hundred different cities, promptly establishing a popularity that has since Increased with the years. 1893 32 Weeks of Concerts. Accompanied by a quintette of famous pora singers, Including Fursch-Madl and Campanlnl, “Sousa’s Concert Band” made a spring tour from New York to Chicago, which Included a great musical festival under Sousa's direction in Boston. This was followed by a six weeks’ engagement at the Chicago world's fair In May and June, where the band and its popular conductor created a popular furore. Following this came the two great engagements formerly held by the Gilmore band, the twelve summer weeks at Manhattan Beacn and six autumn weeks at the St. Louis exposition. The fall tour this year included two weeks in Chicago and was made notable by the first performances of Sousa’s great march. "Ths Liberty Bell.” 1894 — 42 Weeks of Concerts. Sousa’s "Unrivaled Band” opened Its season In February with a week at ths Madlson-square garden. New York City, end then made Its first trip to the Pacific coast, where it was the principal musical feature of the Midwinter fair for five weeks. A quick return Journey brought th,? band back to the Madlsonsquare garden for a supplementary season of five weeks. The Manhattan Beach and St. Louis engagements followed, and the fall tour through the middle and New England states extended up to the middle of December. Sousa’s "Manhattan Beach” and the "Directorate” marches were played for the first time. 1895 — 42 Weeks of Concerts. The spring tour of "Sousa’s Peerless Concert Band.” from March 8 to June IL covered the middle, southern and middle western states, thence through Canada as far east as Halifax. June 15 to Sept. 3, Manhattan Beach; Sept. 4 to Oct. 19. St. Louis exposition: Oct. 21 to Nov. 3. Dallas, Tex., state fair; thence through ths South; Nov. 18 to Dec. 15, Cotton States exposition. Atlanta, Ga., thence to New York. "King Cotton” march was first played at Atlanta.

1896 35 Weeks of Concerts. After a rest of but three weeks "Sousa’s Band" resumed Its travels on Jan. 5, making another complete tour of the United States, including the Pacing, coast. June 13 to Sept. Beach, followed by a week W New York City. Sousa’s opera, “Ejr Gapitan,” was produced m the spring df this year. David Blakely, manager of the band, died suddenly Nov. 7. 1897 40 Weeks of Concerts. Management reverted to Frank Christlaner, for many years assistant to Mr. Blakely. The tour opened Dec. 26. 1896, and extended to June 14. embracing ths entire United States, Canada and maritime provinces. June 19 to Sept. 4. Manhattan Beach. Fall tour included first appearance at the Western Pennsylvania exposition. Pittsburg, and the food fair, Boston.' Sousa’s “The Stars and Stripes Forever.” the musical feature of ths year. Name of organization changed to "Sousa and His Band.” 1898 — 31 Weeks of Concerts. Jan. 7 to March 27, concert tour of all the territory east of the Mississippi river. The organization was to have made its first European tour, but the outbreak of the Spanish-American war caused postponement. Grand festival tour of Sousa’s patriotic musical spectacle, “The Trooping of the Colors.” with large chorus, soldiery, etc.. April 12 to May 30, to unprecedented enthusiasm and enormous receipts; Sept 8 to 13. Pittsburg exposition; Sept. 14 to Oct. 29. St. Louis exposition, and tour back to New York, closing Dec. 4. Sousa's operas, “The Brlde-EJiect” and ■The Charlatan." produced. 1899 — 36 Weeks of Concerts. Jan. 16 to June 1. tour to California and return; June 17 to Sept. 4. Manhattan Beach: Sept. 6 to 19. Pittsburg exposition; Sept. 20 to 21, first appearance at Indiana state fair. Indianapolis; Sept. 25 to 30 and Oct. 30 to Nov. 4, National Export exposition. Philadelphia; Oct. 16 to 21. food fair, Boston. Band paraded, 138 strong, at head of the procession In honor of Admiral Dewey. New York City. Sousa s marches, "Hands Across the Sea” and “Man Behind the Gun,” first heard. 1900— 30 Weeks of Concerts. Ten weeks through middle states, Jan. 31 to April 8; farewell concert. Metropolitan opera house, New York City, April 22; sailed per U. S. M. S. St. Paul on first European tour, having been appointed “official American band” at the Paris exposition; opened In Paris May 5, achieving enormous success; European tour of fifteen weeks, embracing principal cities of France. Belgium, Germany and Holland; returned to New York Sept. 8; two weeks at Pittsburg exposition and two weeks at Merchants’ and Manufacturers’ exposition, Boston. Sousa’s march, "Hail to the Spirit of Liberty,” first played at Paris, July 4. 1901— 47 Weeks of Concerts. Another grand transcontinental tour, Jan. 3 to May 24 followed by first engagement at Willow Grove park, Pa., May 25 to June 9; season of four weeks at PanAmerican exposition, June 10 to July •; return to Manhattan Beach, July 7 to Sept. 2; Pittsburg exposition. Sept. 4 to 17; Indiana state fair, Sept. 18 to 19 and return to New York; sailed Sept. 25 for second European tour of ten weeks in Great Britain, opening at Royal Albert hall, London. Oct. 4; four we.eks at the Glasgow exhibition and a complete tour of the British provinces; grand concert before King Edward VII and royal family, Dec. 1; Sousa decorated with academic palms by French government and Victorian Order by King Edward VII. March, “invincible Eagle,” the Sousa musical offering of the year. 1902 42 Weeks of Concerts. Winter tot.r, commencing Jan. 11, extended through the South and mlddls West and closed April 6; spring tour of Important northern and Canadian towns. May 11 to 29; second engagement at Willow Grove park, May 30 to June 15; slxtyelx days at Atlantic City, N. J., regular engagement at Pittsburg exposition, Sept. 3 to 15. and third appearance at Indiana state fair, Indianapolis, Sept 17 and 18; tour to Pacific coast and return, Dec. 14; sail for third European tour Dec. 24. Sousa’s new march. "Imperial Edward." written for and dedicated by special per--1 mission to King Edward VII.

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