Jasper County Democrat, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 2 January 1902 — Page 1

INDIANA TRULY GREAT AS AN AGRICULTURAL AND A MANUFACTURING STATE

Sltory of Commonwealth and Marvelous Story of Development and Progress. Early-Day Thrift and Lat-ter-Day Enterprise Result in Unbounded Success.

Everything relating to Indiana from a historical point of view is modern, the history of the mound builders and the Indian tribes being subjects for antiquarians. The territory of Indiana was established by act of congress May 7, 1800. The territory was divided Into two separate governments, and that of Michigan was created by act of congress Jan. 11. ISOS. Tt.o territory was again divided Into two separate governments and that of Illinois was created by act of congress Feb- 3. ISOO. The people of Indiana territory applied through their territorial legislature to form a constitution and Join the union Dec. 25. 1815. The act to enable the people of the territory to form a constitution was passed April *9. 1816, and the net of congress admitting the state Into the union was passed and approved Dec. 11. 1816. And the laws of the United States were extended to Indiana by act of Congress March 3. 1817. Such history is modern. There are men still living in Indiana whose lives take in all the years since the establishment of the Indiana territory. A. D., 1802. Steady Growth. There have been no sudden and extraordinary leaps and bounds in the development of Indiana as a territory or as a state, except, perhaps, until within the last two decades. Nobody ever boomed Indiana. It grew in population and wealth as the oak grows, closely, steadily and strong. It was pre-eminent-ly a forest state. • Like St. Peter In performing a great miracle, it could say to thoso seeking homes within Its boundaries: "Sliver and gold have I none, but such as I have give I thee.” Indiana could say. "There is plenty of land, a fertile soil, boundless forests, rivers and streams, come and build your homes and be prosperous." Population. Those who study the advancement of Indiana, as Governor Porter would have said, "from Its dawn" to Its present position In the great sisterhood of states, win naturally consult statistics relating to growth in population. In the census of 1790 the Indiana territory had no place. It was a wilderness and the home of various Indiana tribes, if there were any white men In the territory they were not counted. The red men roamed at will throughout the vast domain, subsisting by hunting and fishing—monarchs of the forest. The first appearance of Indiana in the census report was in 1800. when its population w.is

-: _ i £ ; _ « w -eg L eg •< iS* “R is s- '§ ;!* g Tear. « ?*• J £ f" £fe £ft ■ * ' <? i.I <1 <1 S 5 s p § I s 5 iss) ' ..... IJ. 635 9.64 S I 4»7<*4 I 42,076 “T 22,6H~1 287~l 74 ISTO 1,565 7.270 13.50 e I §5.821 J 62.614 | 29,63? I 1,004 I 76 lsm 200 4.663 8.019 ft,403 64.030 I 72,103 1,820 275 IS3I I ■ t I 65.193 I 73.811 [ 1,395 | 241

6,641. The growth In population by decades has been as follows: I I hi i!i| . | , Year. - jUfe g | £ §■ S- o I g Fswj .j &r«i] -1 1 298, .^. JSI» 1 24.5-20) 18.8791 3341 630, 332 JS2O 147.178j122.65' SiOl 1.42? 790 jvH C56.886'342.835| 99i 7.165( 3.54*, JSSO i 958.416j902.550 41; 11.36;’ 4.191 K 3 1,35,1.428 362,012 M11.12S 65 ' 470 1.580 637 330.210 24 j £j,560!]3.132 veev ;i 978.301! *97 6641 17; 39.228114,665 ~v, +O4 hl4 lOS I 10 45,215! 6.987

It win bo noticed that tho Increase In population during the nineteenth century was 2,519.52 J. Yhe area of Indiana la square miles end acres has been variously estimated, as, for Instance. 36.350.335.910 and 33.309 square mile*. A document, entitled the -Public Domain," published by authorIty of an act of congress In ISB4. gives the area of Indiana at 23.509 square miles, or 21.C7.7G0 acres. But the United States census report cf ISS9 gives the urea of the state at 35.910 square miles, equal to 22.352. «j 0 acres. To find the true land surface It Is usual to deduct 10 per cent, for flakes, rivers and streams. Applying this rtsle to Indiana would give a- land surface of 32.329 square miles, or 20.C90.560 acres. This land was all Included In the "Public Domain." with the exception of certain grants made liy foreign sovereigns, and admitted by the United States, and was surveyed, sold or donated, under the laws cf tho United States, the price be- . Ir.g 11.25 an acre, at which the great body cf the load was sold, but there were tracts of considerable acreage. Anally disposed of at a less price. In some iatt .i.ces as low as 1274 cents an ac-e. First Setticrs. The pioneers of Indiana were fiot fhcrh N'.'w Ershs.nl. The people cf that section cf the country did not lay the foundations of the state. The great mass of the early cottiers e-.-re emigrants from

t t! l j Tear. d C U C •5 at £. i *• £ « U 6i X. T <4 C. 4 S 3 | =I £ i 1 % E % P SiCjwjM ~k,. . .....fauoj I (Ui99 I 40.221 I 284,554 339,891 2.253,1 T« 1.12!.493 M-. f .i.............. 526,077 ' 25.893 i 117,G57 I 363.563 668.144 1-3 OW.llo JM,J76 _ :s ) i 447,8X2 i 43,250 i 14.05 S f 393,736 618.36? 1.871.230 -.alass l HWI * Vllmm *64.546 IMMI3 1.100.511 IV4 ****** ! <7 - M> * • * 663,130 087.270 3.32qX17 1.081.133 Kentucky. Tennessee and the Carclinas. fn the foregoing exhibit It Is shown They were, cj Abrohsm Lincoln would that since ISSO the number of horses has cay, from thfel ranks c? the "plain peo- Increased £-14,326, ard the number of mules pie." e.rd yet }he the >tiD who . ~ ~ Continued on Pago 3, Column 1. Bound*! Peter’s coma

SUPPLEMENT TO Jasper County Democrat

And groined the aisles of Christian Rome, They bulldcd better than they knew." They did not come to Indiana to search for gold, stiver and precious stones, but rather, to found homes In a wilderness. Buch was the mission cf the masses and right royally did they perform their task. That there were adventurers tvho also came goes without the saying, and there were also doctors, lawyers, preachers and schoolmasters, as well as politicians. Cut the great majority were agriculturalists, or farmers, men whose ambition was to own a farm and till the soli. An Agricultural State. For three-quarters of a century Indiana, as a territory and as a state, had only one great interest and that was agriculture, farming, the cultivation of the soil. All else was incidental and subordinate, and hence special reference to the pioneers of Indiana is not only admissible in a paper of this character, but is essential to a comprehension of the subject They were heroic men. They penetrated the forests with their wagons, containing their all. They wound their tortuous way through the wilderness to find a desirable place to locate, make a clearing, build a cabin and begin a farm, requiring in a remarkable degree courage. sacrifices, patience, endurance and resolution, challenging the inspirations ot genius, poet and orator to describe. These cabins and clearings were the beginning of the empire state of Indiana, the initials of progress, wealth and civilization, the church and the school, commerce and manufactures. And those who do not find in such beginnings themes for the highest forms of eulogy and poetic expression are not in sympathy with Byron, who sang of Daniel Boone, the pioneer of Kentucky. It has passed into a proverb that he who makes two blades of grass grow where there was but one is a benefactor of his race. Judged by such a standard, what should be said of the men who made farms In the forests of Indiana where previously none existed? It might be well to commemorate the deeds of such heroes by monuments and triumphal arches, since in the best sense of the term they were state builders. Farms. Starting from such beginnings it will be interesting to note the march of agriculture In Indiana. The data is not at hand to furnish statistics prior to 185?. but fifty yearp of growth will suffice for our purpose, the figures for the decade between 1890 and 1900 being estimated upon a conservative basis: i f ~\ - ‘ * Tear - As “ I’d i a-6 I MiIS > Is J_J. r ; S--ISSO ....I 93.876 12.793,422! 5.046.54317.746 *7o' 136 1800 ..J131.826j16.355.292 R.242.15315.146.1P9! 124 1870 .... 1161.2S9‘18,110.648110.184,27018,015,309; 112 ISSO ....1194,013 20.420.983;i3.908.738 6.487,245 105 1890 ....1195,067120,362,516 15.107.482:5.635.034 10C 1900 .... |202,801|29,244,049|16,311.22C|5,585,034j 199 It will be noticed that In fifty years the number of farms in Indiana increased 108,325; the acreage increased 7,564,094 acres: the improved acreage increased 11.464,643 acres, and the unimproved acreage decreased 2.191.536 acres, and the average area of farms decreased 33 acres. The area of the farms -of Indiana Is of interest to those who give agricultural subjects special consideration, and* to such persons the following exhibits will be found interesting:

It will be observed that the trend Is toward a reduction in the number of small farms from three to fifty acres, while the number of farms from fifty to 1.000 acres Is Increasing. This decrease and Increase In the size of the farms of Indiana Is suggestive of the trend of affairs in all departments of business. Bmall farms are absorbed by the larger landowners and their owners become tenant farmers. The report of the twelfth census will doubtless show that the reduction In the number of small farms is still progressing. Farm Valuations. Referring to ceusus reports showing farm valuation the figures indicate the growth of the agricultural wealth of In* dlana. Beginning with 1860 the sum totals are as follcw3: « i IC a E jj * Tear. -g«| e c y 3fciJ 3© gES > > I *136.385.173 * 6.704.444 * 22,478,555 1860 | 356,712,175 10.457,877 41,855.539 l b 7o 634.304,189 17.676.501 (3,776.782 ISSO I 635.236.111 20.476,988 71.068.758 ISSO 754.780.110 21.172.258 93,361.422 tauo I 874.324. UP 21-867.528 115.654.054 The figures show that during the fifty years, from 1850 to 1900. the value of land, fences and buildings Increased *737,938.937; that the value of implements and machinery Increased *15,163,064; that the Increase In tho value of live stock was *93.175.501,and that the total value of the three Items named In tha year 1900 wst approximately 51.011.815,724. Live Stock. Pursuing tl:c subject of the steady growth In the farm wealth of the state, the live stock of the state Is shown as follows,, the number for 1900 being estimated upon the basis of Increase between 1880 and 3890:

INDIANA GREAT IN MINERAL WEALTH; RICH STONE QUARRIES OF THE STATE

Enormous Deposits of Oolitic Limestone Which Yield Splendid Financial Returns Each Year, 9 History of the Development of Trade in Ecdford Stcnc —Tests Shew It Is Unexcelled as Euilding Material —Location of the Deposits and How They Are Found and Worked —Niagara Limestone and Sandstone. ,

Indiana is Justly proud of its natural resources. Nature has dealt generously with the Hoosler state, depositing within its borders almost unlimited quantities of natural wealth. One section is rich In oil and gas, another in coal, and still another in stone; fine timber is scattered about with a lavish hand, while the ground of practically the entire state yields to the tiller of the soil bountiful returns for his labor. It boasts of one of the most valuable and extensive gas and oil belts in the world, furnishing cheap fuel, the discovery of which has created cities as if by magic on spots where the farmer sowed and reaped, not knowing that nature had stored under his feet these potent factors of commercial prosperity which have made our great state a center of the glass and steel industries. Rich in Deposits. The state is rich In agricultural products almost beyond measure, the value of which annually exceeds the yearly production of gold in cither California or Colorado, and at times is greater than the combined value of the product of

both these states. Their mines are exhaustible, but the farm lands of Indiana are practically inexhaustible, if taken care of judiciously. The rlverß and creeks are* bordered with timber lands that have given their massive trees to further the progress of civilization. An abundance of coal Is found here, and the mines are furnishing. and will continue to furnish, this and bordering states with cheap fuel long after the gas and oil supply shall have been exhausted. t Extensive deposits of this valuable resource are found |jr» Greene. Sullivan and Pike counties, where mines have been worked for many years and where new ones are rapidlybeing developed. Building Stone. These are resources in which we all take great pride, but one of the greatest sources of natural wealth Is the oolitic limestone, commonly known as Bedford stone, ttjp production of which employs, directly and Indirectly, thousands of Indiana citizens. The roc Its of the earth's crust are divided into three groups— igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary. The first come from the interior of the earth and reach the surface as a molten mass; the second kind are those which have been metamorphosed or changed, often by heat; Hie last group is composed of those rocks which were formed In water. To this group belongj tho oolitic ltmestones of Indiana. Bedford Stone. The geological history of this stone Is exceedingly Interesting and volumes have been written in regard to It, but omitting all technical terms and reducing this history to a few words, we may say that this stone is the result of the grinding together of the shells of sea animals that Inhabited the waters which once covered Indiana. Their infinitesimal particles settled to the bottom of the sea and were firmly bound together by the lime carbonate they contained, making.a firm, even mass, elastle, though possessed of great strength, thus producing a material which all the Ingenuity of man could never equal or even approach. Location of Deposits. Anyone with the Inclination and time would be Interested and Instructed by a visit to tho quarries where this stone Is produced. These quarries are scattered throughout Owen, Monroe and Lawrence counties, and, although there are some In bordering counties, it is only in these three that the stone Is quarried extensively. That one cannot open a quarry in this district at random or with even an ordinary amount of forethought and caution in which, will be found a bed of good stone reasonably free from defects In shown by dozens of abandoned quarries throughout these and other 1 counties which represent fortunes that have been wasted in the vain hope that a quarry might be developed from which an abundance of fine stone might be secured equal to that of the "Old Hoosler" quarry, which is and always has been the finest oolitic quarry in Indiana, and that means in tho world. It has cost millions to .!•- flne the workable ore deposits of BiJtte, Cripple Creek and Leadville, and so it jhas been with the, oolitic limestone fields of Indiana. The success which has been aehlev* by Indiana oolitic limestone in the mrffeta of this and other countries Is due t* the fact that it possesses all the qualitlA essential to a flrst-daga building durability, adaptability to any form TWa which stone can be worked, color and comparative cheapness. T As to its durability there Is no It has stood successfully all the physl^*

SATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1902.

tests to wlilch stone can be submitted. The ratio of absorption Is very small; the crushing strength very great. A test made by the United States government gives the crushing strength of Bedford stone at about 130,000 pounds per square foot. That this is ample is shown by the statement that the piers of the Brooklyn bridge, which are subjected to an unusual weight, sustain but 57,000 pounds per square foot Many fire tests have been made, all of which ofTer cencluslve evidence that the stone is fireproof up to the point of calcination or turning Into quicklime, In which respect it is much superior to the average building stone. Granite Is affected by heat far more than is Bedford stone, bursting with a loud report when subjected to extreme heat. Further proof of the durability of Bedford stone can he furnished by an examination of it where an outcropping shows along the ledges. These, although exposed, doubtless for many centuries, have been but slightly affected by wind, hair, heat and cold and the other natural agencies which tend to disintegrate and destroy. Bedford stone has stood both the natural and physical tests. It was first used for building purposes about sixty years ago. Tr.* stone in the Winthrop Foote vault in Bedford, built

INDIANA’S STATE HOUSE.

in 1840, is still in a fine state of preservation. Many buildings that were erected nearly half a century ago In which this stone was used are monuments to Its durability. Test of Centuries. Although the stone has been tested in this country for a period of but sixty years, ollltic limestone has been used for centuries in the construction of some of the most important buildings In the world. The other great deposit of the stone is found in Portland. England. It was exclusively used in Westminster Abbey, St Paul’s cathedral, the old city wall of London and many churches erected in the time of Queen Anne. Bedford stone and Portland stone are nearly the same in quality and texture, although the following chemical analysis shows that Bedford stone Is superior, owing to the lesser quantity of oxide of Iron and magnesia, which it contains: Portland Bedford Stone. Stone. Carbonate of lime 85.16 97.26 Silica 1.20 1 63 Oxide of iron 50 .4? Magnesia 1.20 .37 Water and loss. 1.94 .19 Totals 100.00 100.00 It is also not nearly so porous as the English stone, a very important fact. It is easily worked, responding readily to the mallet and tool in the hand of the workman. It can also be turned or planed by machinery into almost any desired shape. These qualities have, perhaps, done as much as any one thing to make it the most popular stone on the market. A Recommendation. When the state house commission In 1877 organized to erect a capitol building for Indiana, Gen. Gilman, one of the best stone experts in the United States and of long experience in the construction of government work, was retained to make tests of the building stones offered from ail parts of the country. These tests were thorough and practical. All the building stones of the United States come under threo head*—granites, sandstones and limestones. Many samples of each of these were submitted. Granite was rejected on account of its cost and refractory character in shaping and other defects. Sandstone did not have the cohesivenesw required. Limestone was selected. and of the limestone submitted ■ Indiana oolitic stone was chosen because It met every requirement—crushing test, coheslveness In the cementing of the grains, ease of working into any desired form, beauty, and. above all. durability. The building was started with Owen county oolitic limestone, but mostly constructed with Bedford oolitic from Lawrence county. The center of this great Industry Is at Oolitic, a village four miles northwest of Bedford. It Is here that the deposit Is of greatest depth and finest quality. The oolitic belt Is fourteen miles long In this, district, but the most successful quarries are located on four sections of land —Oolitic. Buff Ridge, Dark Hollow and Reed. The natural conditions for the successful operation of a quarry are best In this neighborhood, and those In the immediate locality furnish about 80 per cent, of the oolitic stone produced In the state. It Is here, therefore, that one interested In the great Industry goes to study U In detail. By far the largest and best equipped .property In the state Is that of the Bedford Quarries Company, which adjoins the village of Oolitic. When one has seen

Its quarries, store houses, machine shops and mills, which are equipped with the most modern machinery, he has seen everything that can be seen In any quarries or mills In Indiana. This company owns 609 acres in the very heart of the best oolitic district of the state, anc| after many tests Is satisfied that its supply of flno stone is practically unlimited. They are undoubtedly the largest producers of oolitic limestone in the world. Old Hoosier. The Old Hoosler quarry of this company Is the queen of oolitic quarries. It was opened over thirty years ago and has produced such immense quantities of the very best quality pf bull and blue stone that its reputation is known wherever oolitic stone Is used. Many architects and owners when using Bedford stone specify that it shall come from the Hoosler quarry, knowing that by so doing they will receive only the best stone. The bull stono is found in the largest quantities, an 1 is of a warmer and more pleasing color than the blue stone. It contains fewer defects and is altogether a more satisfactory stone to use. In this quarry tho stone lies in homogeneous

beds from twenty to seventy feet in thickness, and is remarkably free from seams, crowfeet and lother defects. The marketable oolitic stone Is covered by dirt and hard limestone, which must of course be removed until the oolitic stone Is laid bare. This stripping, which forms a large percentage of the cost of producing the good stone, is carried on to o large "xtent during the winter when the oolitic stone is not quarried owing to danger from frost; for. strange as it may seem, stone will freeze: that Is. the quarry sap that is In the stone will freeze and shatter the block of stone so that it becomes worthless. After the stone has been quarried a few weeks and has seasoned there is no longer any dancer from frost Those -vho have never seen the operation of quarrying stone as it Is performed In these quaiTles have an erroneous idea that It is done by blasting. No powder Is used. The stone is cut bv eliannelers. machines very much resembling a portable engine or small locomotive. Each engine Is provided with portable Iron rails, braced and bolted together in sections, of the proper width and gauge to carry tho machine ba k and forth in the same manner that a locomotive follows its track. A set of drills, five in number, clamped side by side and sharpened to an edge, play up and down on the side of the machine, cuttlhg about an Inch at each stroke. In this way a cut Is made about an Inch and a half wide, six to ten feet deep and ns long as the tracks will permit, generally from fifty to one hundred feet. After a cut Is completed to the desired depth and the channeler removed to another position a steam drill is employed to break the block loose on the bottom. Derrick power Is then applied and the stone Is rolled over on Its aide ready to bo drilled and broken into blocks of any size, usually six to twelve or fifteen feet long. Tvvo Mills. The Bedford Quarries Company hae two of the largest mills in the country, which are thoroughly equipped with the latest improved gang saws, wire saws, planers, headers and lathes for the sawing, turning and planing of the stone when so desired by- its customers. These mills aro lighted by electricity furnished by a fine plant the property of this company, thus enabling it to run the machinery night and day when necessary. That this is important is shown by the fact that It has been running right and day for the past eight months and expect to continue doing so all winter, so great Is the demand for its produc*. The buildings at this plant are models of their kind, built of solid dressed stone. The machine shops are in charge of skilled mechanics, who make most of the new parts v for the machinery when the old ones givo out. and who keep the entire plant In first-class order. To have even a reasonable conception of the magnitude of the quarries and equipment of the Bedford Quarries Company one must Inspect personally. An idea of their business may be conveyed by the statement that every weekday a long train load of stone,ls shipped from the quarries over the Belt railway, some of the ears perhaps destined for Canada, where a good demand for the stone has developed. while some may go to the plains of western Texas. Stone from the Hoosler qtlarry has been used In Abe construction of many of the handsomest and most expensive public and private buildings throughout the country. Reference to the list of structures which follows, all of which have been built from stone furnished by the Bedford Quarries Company, will show the

GLORIOUS RECORD OF THE STATE OF INDIANA IN THE WARS OF THE NATION

high estimation in which the product of this quarry Is held: - —PUBLIC BUILDINGS.— United States postofflee, Paterson, N. JState normal school, DeKalb, 111Allen cyjnty court house, <Ft- Wayns. Ind. Chicago unlveiaity buildings, Chicago. Columbia college library. New Tork. N - *■ «... Mississippi state house. Jackson, Miss. Providence pubUc library. Providence. United States postofflee. Hot Springs. Ark. Georgia railroad bank, Augusta, ua—RESIDENCES.— Sloane mansion. New York, N. V. James F. Sinnott's residence. Bryn Mawr. Pa. „ . Mrs. Vanderbilt’s residence. New York, Mr. Stuyvcsant Fish’s resident. New York. N Y. . Mr. Otto Young’s residence. Lake geneva, Wla. Fabri residence. New York, N. Y. —OFFICE BUILDINGS Chicago national bank building. Chicago. 111. Constable building. New York, N. Y. Prudential life building, Newark, «- Dean building, Boston. Mass. -HOTELS.Hoffman house. New Y&rk, N, Y. Hotel Majestic. New York. N- YThere are hundreds of other buildings, but this list Is a fairly representative an*.

Railroad Facilities.

The Belt railway is a little over fouT miles in length and extends from Oolitic to Bedford, where It connects with three railroads, giving the quarries oik llne amplo shipping facilities. The railway is controlled by the Bedford quarries company and enables It to make prompt delivery of Its output to any point In the Cnlted States or Canada. One of the principal railroads with which It connects Is the Southern Indiana. Like the Belt, this road Is controlled by the owners of the quarries. This splendid little road is a monument to the ability, energy and financial worth of its proprietors. It Is the result of the acquisition by the present owners of the old Evansville & Richmond railway, which had been a failure. The line has been rebuilt. extended, new rails laid, grades reduced. cuts filled or spanned by modem steel bridges and the roadbed ballasted with crushed stone from the quarries until It Is one of ihe finest In the state. Six trains ere run dally between Terre Haute and Seymour. The entire qulpment of the road is strictly modem and in keeping with a first-class line. Recently the company’s shops at Bedford were completed. AH are massive stone structures and include a ten-stall engine lfouse, machine shop, carpenter shop, paint shop, store room, hiseksmith shop and office. An electric light plant Is being Installed, which will furnish light and power for all these buildings. At Terre Haute, the northern terminus of the road, several fine buildings. all stone, have been constructed. The Southern Indiana rallwav was built principally to develop and encourage the oolitic limestone and coal industries of southern Indiana, and Its purpose is being admirably fulfilled. It owns nesrlv two thousand, cars that are always available for the quarry-men and coal producers Jocsted on the line. What the rosd has done for the section of our state where It now runs it will do for that part of Sullivan county, through which a branch is now being built, to tap a part of Indiana’s great coal belt that has heretofore been handicapped by tho lack of facilities for marketing the products of Its mines. More than a dozen new mines have been opened along the branch. With further extensions the Southern Indiana will soon become "the stone and coal road of Indiana.” Tills railroad has rendered accessible a health resort that is destined to become noted throughout the country. The waters of Indiana Bprings In Martin * county, twenty miles north of Bedford, have long been noted for their medicinal properties, and for eighty years people have sought them. Until the construction of the Southern Indiana the springs could only be reached by long stage Journeys. Parties largely Interested in the Southern Indiana own the stock of the Indiana Springs hotel company, which proposes the erection of a fine modem fireproof hotel, constructed of Bedford stone. The springs are situated in a very picturesque part Of the state, being surrounded by many miles of hilly woodlands, with greams well stocked with black bass and other fish. The location of the springs makes them accessible by fast trains from Indianapolis. Chicago. St. Louts. Cincinnati and Louisville. The enterprise, push and ability back of these successful Industries are worthy of the admiration of the entire Hoosler state.

NIAGARA LIMESTONE.

The Niagara limestone outcrops at many points In the eastern part of the state, and were it not for the superior quality of the Bedford oolitic limestone the quarrying Industry In the Niagara limestone belt would be a very important one In this state. It is equal to the Joliet and Lamont (Ill.) limeatones and it successfully competes with . them. The Niagara limestone also competes with the Berea (O.) sandstone. This Indiana limestone occurs in natural slabs of uniform thickness and usually very even, being easily and cheaply quarried without much. If any. drilling .or blasting, and requires no dressing after quarrying. It Is of handsome color, very hard and durable, except where smoke from bituminous coal affects It. Being a magnesian limestone, the sulphurous fumes of soft coal decomposes the magnesia In the stone. It is used extensively for flagging and curbing In street works. It is also used for window tills, doorsteps, foundations. bridge abutments, street crossings, gutter stones, sidewalks, etc. In the trade this Is known as the "Laurel limestone” on account of its best exposure near Laurel Franklin county, where It has also been more extensively quarried than elsewhere In the state. It has also been quarried on a large scale In Ripley county, near Osgood: In Decatur county, near Westrfrrt. Newport and St. Paul, and In Wabash county, near Wabash: also at Huntington, Delphi. Logansport. Kokomo and elsewhere for lime and concrete.

GAS, OIL AND COAL OF STATE.

are the most valuable resources of any country. A country may be deficient In raw materials for manuto It and the result Is the upbuilding of Industrial communities, which makes a nation eventually great lp men and Continued on Page 3, Column 4.

How the Sens of This Great State Have Carried the Flag i to Many Splendid and Historic Victories. Numerous Battles in Which Men ofc Indiana Have Won Glory —Heavy Price in Blood and Gold Indiana does Itself great honor in ho» \ oring her pioneers, which Is done in many t counties of the state by reunions of "old settlers’’— sturdy, patriotic men, who laid deep end strong the foundations of tho state. At these reunions tho old men and the old women take great delight in reciting recollections and traditions of the early jwriod in the history of the state and In exhibiting some relic of bygone years, the period of the log cabin, the loom and the spinning wheel. Not less has Indiana right to feel an honest I pride in her statesmen, her orators and writers, her educators, her pulpit, bench and bar, her merchants, manufacturers, railroad builders and business men in all lines of endeavor, her farmers and her multiplied thousands of tollers on farms, in factories and shops, without whose aid her fields would be a wilderness and her cities and towns as silent as Pompeii. Milton wrote that "Peace hath her victories , No less renowned than war." \ Indiana’s Real Heroes. But It so happens that tho victories serured by war flame more luminously on the historic page than those which are placed to the credit of peace, and they of the sword, epaulette and plume are accredited victors, while the men behind the guns who win all the victories <re designated "the army," and as such take their place In history. And this is as true of Indiana as it is of ancient Greece and Rome, or of any other land or nation. But whatever else may be said ot Indiana, end little can be said that is not complimentary, the state has won eminent distinction by the heroism of her Midlers In war. In this regard she stands second to no state In the union, and to no nation, ancient or modern. Tippecanoe. In the early history of Indiana, before it attained statehood, a battle was within JtfafrrtrtfT, 1 , stltutes an jCtone,” after a creek by its history. .IT Clark couiity, where It la pecanoe. whl> A than elsewhere, and where Tippecanoe c* the Industry Is located, wm,am larger areas In Clark ebun- , . m tall fan A the hydraulic limestone counties has never . *!*;>*• JT This hydraulic cement la sand men 4) government construction . . \__rt , canals. The annual out* six hundred. At«^ population of aboß o,ooo bar ™»- jjXd cement manufacturing . C .°T more recent introduction more than one sf Tet< when the plantß now the territory,, for the manufacture canoe the Indlar c(Jßen t are producing the persed. but thou fct once exceed the bydraulio tlon the savage.g re are now two large plants' wounded 151 of § county, at MUltown and possible that the are crushing the purs who fought and ts there. Another p\ant on been preserved, llmtstone belt is now under their nemes am near Mitchell, which will are s. »ply remeetty of 1.000 barrels per day. battle of Tippece clltlo limestone belt in va* 4 but especially in Lawrence, 4 Harrison and Crawford, If It Is sssunrSxtenslve deposits of almost represented In. «l«Hy X , mn u? by the Mitchell and Ms--ISI2-J5, the n f t janiel) -which only await the soldiers to manufacture Portico. 1846-48. In tj it has been suggested that regiments, or tljlltic rock from the Bedford In that army coTjjld be utilized In the manuTaylor, who w*|hls cement, but the drawVista In which point Is the want of the advanced posit® to mix with the carbonate retreat, responjpanufacture the product. mander of the] KER RESOURCES. the flight of htsj fought In the rail al j whetstone quarryuntil the states la confined to Is the only Arkansas, near the fadlana regimer.tJ rtn gs, and to Orange county, 4 wt!n» l circ the well-known eulpho-sa-French Lick. The da* 3 s ® A* l * grained silicious rock* *?7me Be Orange county, but for Indiana reriirf 1 * Investment of large capital fully maintain e l now on a * mal } state for h*rolif ud » way. A fine quality of lco Indiana bad P the same formation Is also In battle and * forked In a small way In now, after for d Jtartln counties. ... vivors linger o>«f molding sand deposits are' In the glory -o-artouk parts of the state. Glass part In security* forSplass manufacturing Is territory, or "Blackford, White, Laos which has chuntles. In Madison California, Neva® the gikss and deposits are square miles ofocal glassworks. In Parke miles of New MB sand and <WI veins occur In of Colorado anijrion. Wyoming. Thisj llmlnite (bo%on>, hemltite. government, as#pyrites <occur IdLGreene, M&rthe war, *16,000,(1 and Perry counties and In the the credit of Ifegtons In St. Lake and took part in tantiee. Before the star some Immense domafcaces were kept up making pig pay all the uithe best deposits near the coal for the next war only one kraact therefore, went out of existence dlers of the ores of Indiana ark too common an excess of ®Nca the glory of with the La\.e ument was . _. ■ Spall pockety, ■ t**’ :jgbor this ore In the late Indlgprft,' l suannlshed 7,040 voi®E®W and If deeds did not runown of the state It la becauiPmpportuntties were not offered to enableplhem to increase its military luster. The Civil War. Dismissing statistics and comments upon all minor wars in which Indiana soldiers have been engaged, we come to the great civil war, the struggle to pre- , ’ . serve the union, a war compared with which all other wars on the continent dwindle to insignificance, and, for that mettyr, all other wars known to history. This is demonstrated by a glance at the figures showing the number of soldiers mustered Into the service In all the wars In which the country has been engaged from 1775 to 190 L Including the Spanish war, excepting th? rebellion.