Jasper County Democrat, Volume 4, Number 11, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 22 June 1901 — Page 2

POLITICS OF THE DAY

IMPERIALISM REALIZED. Tbe Supreme Court does no half-way in sustaining the administration’s foreign possessions policy. It goes »veu beyond tbe administration, for the latter had unintentionally weakened Its position somewhat by contending that s’orto Rico was a foreign country until the Foraker bill was passed. The Supreme Court Isolds that it was foreign no more after the treaty of cession, and therefore the Dingley tariff law did not apply to It, for it levied duties only on “imports from foreign countries.” This xvaa the decision in the De Lima case. St means only that Congress had not acted. In the Downes case the court comes to the question whether Congress may levy a tax on imports from this Porto Hico, which is not a foreign country—a tax different from what is levied anywhere else in the United States—and here the Supreme Court feustalns the very dreams of the administration. It fairly revels in its new 'doctrine. It indorses Judge Taney's Ured Scot decision. It sustains Beveridge. It holds up imperialism as the destiny of the country. At the outset it announces the technical legal decision, in Its effect, as follows: “We are of opinion that the island of Porto Rico is a territory appurtenant, and belonging to the United States, but not a part of the United States within the revenue clause of the Constitution; that the For* er act is constitutional >o far as it Imposes duties upon imports from such island.” To reach this conclusion it has to rteer around the clause of the Constiutlon that “The Congress shall have bower to lay and collect taxes, duties, Imposts and excises to pay the debts, hnd provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States.” It evades this by the theory that the second "the United Btates” means the several States in their individual capacities, and gravely proceeds to argue that Porto Rico Is not a state. It puts no construction on the href “the United States” of this clause tn this connection, and very wisely, for k would call attention to the absurdity of the decision. As a matter of course Vorto Rico is not a state. Nobody ever claimed that It was. But tbe Supreme Court holds that it is neither a foreign state nor a part of “the United States.” And the court does not restrict itself to the matter before It. It shows its complete subserviency to the executive and Its adoption of imperialism in the fullest sense by its concluding words, as follows:

“A false step at this time might be fatal to the development of what Chief Justice Marshall called THE AMERICAN EMPIRE, Choice in some cases, the nntural gravitation of small bodies toward larger ones in others, the result of a successful war in still others, may bring about CONDITIONS WHICH WOULD RENDER THE ANNEXATION OF DISTANT POSSESSIONS DESIRABLE. If those possessions are inhabited by alien races, differing from us in religion, customs, laws, methods of taxation nnd modes of thought, THE ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNMENT AND JUSTICE ACCORDING TO ANGLO-SAXON PRINCIPLES MAY FOR A TIME RE IMPOSSIBLE; nnd the question nt cnee arises whether LARGE CONCESSIONS ought not to be made for a time, that ultimately our theories may be carried out nnd the blessings of a free GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION BE EXTENDED TO THEM. WE DECLINE TO HOLD that there is anything in the constitution to forbid such action.” Here is the explanation of the court’s action In a nutshell: “We decline to hold” anything that will interfere with the imperail program. We make “eon cessions.” Concessions from what and to what? Obviously from the constitution to the President. We will uphold Congress not only in a tax that is not uniform, but also In withholding “the administration of government and Justice aeording to Anglo-Saxon principles.” This was not before them— It is gratuitous—it Is as completely obiter as the Died Scot decision. And .why this decision? Because “the annexation of distant possessions” may be desirable in the formation of “the •American empire.” What worse can happen? The Supreme Court relinquishes its guardianship of the constitution at the demand of the executive. If this lie not imperialism realized In ■it but form, what could lx-?—lndian-apolis Sentinel.

Divide I Courts. "These opinions,” says the Boaton Bera Id in commenting on the recent action of the Supreme Court, "have be come part of the historical record of the nation. They will be subject to discussion and review for years, and perhaps for generations, to come. But it is proper to express a regret that the decision api>ears to have been reached In each case by a bare majority. Remembering what happened in the legaltender cases, it is open to doubt whether the Judgment of yesterday will be accepted as final.'* A comment like this is deeply signlfia.iut and suggestive. There Is a great Meal more respect for a decision of a >-ourt that is unanimous, or approximately so, than for one which becomes Boe supreme law of the land **b< a

scratch.” When tbe dissenters are meu of equal ability with the “bare majority,” apd as profound in learning, the thoughtful citizen feels as if a great point in government had been decided by a process not much more impressive than the flip of a penny. On what slender threads do hang some of the cardinal principles of our system. Tbe Supreme Court of the United States has a powerful veto on Congress and the executive. There aro nlpe judges, and in an Important case each one arrives at a conclusion by a different route. Judicial minds are not able to agree on grave propositions. Sometimes conclusions are arrived at by so close a vote that the result may be practically obtained through the partiality of a judge for the appointing power that placed him on the bench. We cannot hope, though, to be perfect oven In our great republic. Lawyers, like doctors, will differ, and tbe Supreme Court cannot be prevented from becoming a debating society. When, however, there are so many surprises from tbe bench, perhaps there should be a surcease of the sportive comment on the uncertainty of the American jury.—Cincinnati Enquirer. Leaving the Protection Ship. When so chronic and hide-bound a protectionist organ as the Boston Transcript indicates an inclination to climb down off the high tariff horse and demands a reduction of the Dingley duties, It gives token of a marked change In the sentiment of that section of the Union which has always believed that its inhabitants had a prescriptive right to levy tribute on the rest of the people of the United States for the enrichment of its manufacturing Interests. Referring to the report that Senator Cullom has determined to work when Congress meets for the ratification of the reciprocity treaties negotiated by Commissioner Kasson, the Transcript says: “Concurrent testimony, showing the feeling among representative Republicans regarding the necessity for a change in our present tariff, Is accumulating at a rate that should leave no doubt as to the policy which ought to dominate the party in the coming Congress. Reference has been made to the attitude of President McKinley and members of his Cabinet and others well qualified to speak for him, as well as the attitude of the South upon a question the right settlement of which is considered as vital to the great manufacturing interests which are being developed there. The feeling is also strong In the West, and the Republican press of that section is advocating most earnestly the passage of such laws as will promote the freest trade interchange between this country and outers.”

Thia is a remarkable change of front for a protectionist journal, which, if we mistake not, was loud last year in approving the retrogressive and stupid course of those Republican Senators wlio are responsible for smothering to death the several commercial treaties with foreign countries that Mr. Kasson negotiated. Reciprocity is only free trade in restricted form, and its advocacy by a leading exponent of New Euglaud selfishness shows that the Republicans of tliat section have been forced by changing conditions to adopt Democratic ideas. It is no sentiment of justice, fair play, or a desire to quit bleeding the many for tlie fattening of a favored class that is actuating Mr. McKinley, the Transcript, and tin- Republican leaders of the West to want such laws passed "as will promote the freest trade Interchange between this country and others.” They see the storm of tariff hostility gathering among the nations across the water, and know that unless the Democratic policy is adopted the foreign trade of the United States will be ruinously reduced.-Kansas City Times. Sugar a« a World I’ower. It is a curious fact that at this moment sugar is a leading factor in world politics. For the British Government It is a revenue and tax question. For Germany, whose yearly production, 1,700,000 tons of beet sugar, namely, one-fourth of the total sugar production of the world, it is a tariff. For Russia it is tbe same. And in the United States it is a tariff nnd trust question and mixed up in the colonial policy of the administration. The canesugar erop of Cuba plus that of Louisiana and “our island possessions," would if Cuba were annexed—make the United States sugar crop neariy 1,000,000 tons a year, and the annexationists claim tills would put us into formidable competition with Germany for the sugar trade of Britain and other non-sugar-growing countries. But the tariff-propped interests ot the sugar trust want Cuba to remain a colony or be permitted to become a sort of semiIndependent "dependency" so as to enable the trust to maintain the tariff barrier against her big sugar crop. It will be seen that sugar is figuring extensively in tlie affairs of the world.— Illinois* Register.

Honey moon Over Long Ago.

“When you won me for your wife,” she began. “When I lost my liberty, you mean." he interrupted, bitterly—-Somerville Journal.

GARDEN AND FARM.

EGGS FOR HATCHING PURPOSES. In using eggs for hatching purposes endeavor to select those from hens rather than from pullets, as chicks hatched from eggs layed by hens are usually stronger and more vigorous than those from pullets’ eggs. Some pullets begin to lay before they are fully matured. DESTROYING WEEDS IN LAWNS. When weeds appear in lawns it is sometimes difficult to eradicate them, even when the lawn is frequently mowed, as it may happen that dwarf weeds will drop seed, which will grow, while other weeds are propogated by sending out roots in every direction, from which young plants come. The best way to destroy such weeds is to pour about one teaspoonful of sulphuric acid on the crown of each weed, as no plant can stand the effects of the acid. TEMPERATURE FOR LETTUCE. The temperature that suits lettuce is forty to fifty degrees at night and ten to thirty degrees higher by sunlight. The young plants will endure extremes of temperature very well. Now' that the weather is becoming warmer the young plants may be put out in the open ground. The early lettuce are artificially grown during the winter, but with early plants now ready good prices will be obtained from the lettuce grown before the main crop comes in.

CULTIVATING ALFALFA IN THE FAST — Alfalfa has been tested in the East and has been found a very useful crop in this section. Once it occupies the land it will produce crops for years. It may be moved every month or six w’eeks and produces from two to four tons of hay. according to the capacity of the soil. On the light, sandy soils of New Jersey it has done well, which is evidence that it can l>e made to thrive on other soils than those that are extraordinarily fertile. A GOOD INSECTICIDE. The following is recommended by a practical gardener as an insecticide : Take the leaves and stems of the tomato plant and boil them in water until the juice is all extracted. When the liquid is cold it is to be sprinkled over the plants attacked with insects, when it at once destroys caterpillars, black and green flies, gnats, lice and other enemies to "vegetation, and in no way impairs the growth of the plants. A peculiar odor remains and prevents insects from coming again for a long time. USE OF INCUBATOR SPREADING. The use of incubators is spreading. They are now’ made of all sizes, beginners preferring the smaller sizes. As a too-egg incubator will hatch as many chicks as eight or ten hens, and as the chicks can be kept in a small space together under one brooder, there is no more care required than in attending to a large number of broody hens. As all the chicks can be hatched at once they consequently reach the market in one lot and are uniform in size. The best time to learn with an incubator is in the summer, when eggs are cheap, as the cost of running the brooder is also then low. It is not difficult to operate an incubator, but there is something to learn, hence the incubator and brooder should be operated as a trial before attempting to hatch for market. IMPORTANCE OF CLEAN CREAM. “Ripening,” for want of a better word, expresses the whole series of changes that take place in the cream caused by the growth, nutrition and death of bacteria. Ihe flavor they produce is the substances of things sought for. The changes they produce in the cream are certainly the evidence of things unseen, but evidently the result in producing | successfully the first or last condition depends on to what extent co-operation exists between the dairyman and butter maker. No dairyman is doing bis whole duty ! when the cream made from his milk is tainted by the presence of dirt produced bacteria; no butter maker can do his duty when he is compelled to receive such cream, and. although the butter maker may receive many hard words for not producing "extras,” the loss ultimately falls where it belongs—on the milk producer. The only injustice is that the loss does not fall on the dirty one but on his neighbors as well, on the just as well as the unjust.— Hoard's Dairyman.

RAISING OR BUYING FEED. Where the farmer grows the fodder /and grain for his animals he is justified in feeling that it has cost less than it would if lie paid the cash for it in the market if he has been successful in getting good crops. He has made a market for his own labor, the labor of his team and use of tools, and for the manure that was a waste product of his stock. All of that forms a part of his profit, and the crops may be said to have cost him the seed, hired labor and fertilizer bought. But it may not be the cheapest feed for him to use. He may be able to sell it and purchase other food materials that would give him enough better results to repay him for the labor o r drawing both ways. Bran and gluten feed produce so much more milk than corn meal that he tnay sell the corn he has raised, and buy the other feeds which he does not raise. Other foods are better for hens than the corn, or even than oats. The man who tries to be so independent as neither to buy or sell, had better set up a hand loom and a cobbler's bench, to save spending money for clothing. We could fatten hogs and cattle on turnips and onions

cheaper when we sold them and bought our com than we could to have fed the roots, and we thought cheaper than if we had grown the com.— American Cultivator. MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE. This is an age of invention, improvement and progress. Those who have lived half a century and have kept their eyes open must admit that they have witnessed great and wonderful improvements in the science of agriculture, the foundation of all sciences. Yet there is still room for improvement in every department of agricultural pursuits. In the first place the majority are afraid of incurring a little expense in procuring the best breed of animals, but they go on year after year breeding scrubs that a wise farmer would not have upon his farm. Too close and saving to save a few dimes in the first outlay they lose dollars that might have been made had they been willing to spend a trifling sum at first. Unless something is known about the animals’ breeding or ancestors it is very easy to be deceived. A fine looking* male or female may breed the most unlikely and scrawny looking calf which may develop into one of the most beautiful and valuable of animals. While on the other hand, a well proportioned and fine looking calf may grow up to be" an object of great disappointment. Nothing is more damaging to the hopes of a beginner than to have expensive young animals shrink on their hands, and nothing is more unnecessary if he gives them attention, proper care and kind treatment, which no animal appreciates more than cattle, as they are naturally gentle, it is then only by neglect they acquire habits harmful to themselves, and perhaps annoyance to their owners. Good common sense is a factor not to be ignored in breeding and management of cattle on the farm. To know what to do and when to do it To the best advantage requires the highest order of common sense. Another thing we must learn is the practical value of early maturity and superior qualities that brings the top prices. The importance of giving proper shelter to our young cattle, yes, to all our cattle, cannot be too strongly urged. It does not pay to have cattle left out of ' doors in the cold and winter winds, the animal heat must be kept up so long as life lasts, and it is cheaper by all means to keep up the animal heat by good shelter than by food.—Louis Campbell in Agricultural Epitomist.

SUB IRRIGATION OF FRUIT TREES. At the recent meeting of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, in Philadelphia. there was much talk about spraying fruit and ornamental trees, shrubbery, etc., to destroy injurious insects, but I failed to hear a single argument in favor of root-spraying. The farmers' institutes in the fruit-growing sections of the State took up the subject, and all agreed that it was wise to spray the branches. Admitting the necessity for spraying the limbs and foliage, to keep down the fruit destroyers, frequently this is not the whole cause of failure of crop; it will be found at the root of the tree. I have for many years contended that root-spraying is highly essential, not only to obtain good fruit, but to save the tree; and whatever insect may be at the root, this system will destroy it. Where there is a lack of fertilizing material, this would furnish it; or when a worm is suspected, the use of an insectide will not injure the tree, and will obviate the necessity of digging and sacrifying the root with a knife, which oftentimes is more injurious than beneficial. And again, in time of drouth, what is more reasonable than using water and ammonia, thereby producing sufficient moisture to save the tree? Spraying the roots will certainly cause the growth of the tree to be doubled in one season, and the increase in quality and quantity should more than compensate for labor expended. Growers frequently notice signs of diminishing vitality; in fact, this was the gist of argument at the meeting -poken of, and the tree-doctors called it "blight” for want of a better name. Now what is blight? It is solely atmospheric, or it is solely confined to the soil ? It has been noticed that in an orchard some trees were termed blighted while others standing beside them were full of vigor. Why? Because the vigorous trees were capable of extracting from the soil and atmosphere all that was necessary for their sustenance, thereby preventing the weaker stock from absorbing it; hence we hear of "blight.” You must give the weaker trees that which is necessary to their growth. • Vegetable nature is very much like human will steal from its neighbor, and in vegetable life we must give back to the tree that which has been taken from-it. Lack of moisture may prevent bearing the following year. The full annual duty of a tree is to perfect its fruit and prepare for the next year's crop. A continuous moisture supply is necessary to maintain activity in the tree, as it will make a large draft upon soil moisture while making new wood and large fruit, and if moisture fails, then it may be forced into .dormancy Itefore it can furnish good, strong buds for the following year’s bloom. I believe root-spraying to be thoroughly practicable, notwithstanding the fact that it seems to have been neglected. The keynote of success is to supply the tree with fertilizer and moisture at the proper time. Some years ago in damming water for an ice-pond, I observed a leak. Investigation shpwed it followed the course of a root and found exit at the end. This convinced me that water could be artificially supplied to the roots by a spraying process with success.—F. C. Hall in The Country Gfttleinan. “That makes me soar," remarked the inventor as he looked at his flying machine.

STATE OF THE CHOPS WEATHER BUREAU’S WEEKLY AGRICULTURAL REPORT.

Temperature in Central Valley* X* Favorable—Cool in Northwest—Principal Corn States Report Improve-ment—Winter-Wheat Harvest. According to the climate and crop division of the weather bureau the central valleys, lake region, Atlantic coast districts and Southern States > experienced the most favorable temperature conditions of the season, but throughout the Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast regions the week was decidedly cool, with frosts more or less damaging in the central and northern Rocky Mountain districts and portions of California. Abundant and beneficial rains have fallen over portions of the middle Rocky Mountain slope and throughout the spring wheat region, and excessively heavy and damaging rains occurred in the South Atlantic States, while portions of Texas Missouri and Illinois continue to suffer from drought. Although the week averaged decidedly cool on the Pacific coast the latter part was warm and favorable. A general and decided improvement in the condition of com is reported from the principal corn States. Cut worms are, however, causing damage in Dakotas, and in the South Atlantic States the crop is suffering seriously from lack of cultivation due to excessive rains. Winter wheat harvesting is becoming more general in Kansas and Missouri, has begun in southern Illinois, Virginia and Kentucky.' The crop has experienced favorable conditions during the week In the central valleys, although damage by fly continues in some sections. On the Pacific coast cool weather has somewhat checked the development of wheat in California, where harvest is in progress in most sections with good yields. Promising reports continue from Oregon and Washington. Spring-wheat has made rapid advancement in the Dakotas and Minnesota, being in excellent condition in the lastnamed State. Further improvement in the condition of oats is g. n?rally reported except in Arkansas and Missouri, where a poor crop is promised. Harvesting continues in the Southern States, being nearly finished in some sections.

In the central and western portions of the cotton belt cotton is generally improved and well cultivated, although needing rain in some sections. In the States of the Ohio, central Mississippi and lower Missouri valleys the dropping of apples continues to be extensively reported. The general outlook for other fruits is encouraging, although the heavy rains in Georgia have caused rotting to more or less extent. Crop Report* by State*. Missouri—Copious showers in localities, but drought contluues over greater part ot State; where rains fell corn is growing finely, elsewhere It is making slow progress; wheat harvest progressing, will yield better than expected; oats, meadows, and flax unpromising; clover fair crop; pastures drying up; cotton formlug square*; apples continue dropping; neaehes still promising. Illinois—Warm whb local rains, still too dry in some localities; agricultural situation greatly Improved; wheat harvest begun, fair yield promised; oat| improved but straw short; corn and pastures greatly and meadows slightly Improved: clover harvest begun, gardens and potatoes doing well; small fruits doing well, but the apple crop deteriorating slightly; peaches fairly promising. Indiana —Frequent local rains; warmer weather caused corn to Improve and grow rapidly; crop well cultivated; some injured by worms; replanting continues; wheat maturing rapidly, heads well filled. Injured by rust and fly in localities; tobacco plants growing well: rye and barley ripening; oats small In some fields; hay short; fruit abundant; apples are dropping much, although some orchards are good. Ohio—Weather more favorable but considerable damage by local storms; frost in northeastern counties on 10th, but damage •light;'clover cutting begun, crop good; oats, barley, rye, gardens, timothy, pastures and truck crops Improved; wheat somewhat lodged by storms, fly increasing, some rust In southwest; corn improving, though still small; tobacco setting well advanced; apples continue dropping; cherries ripening. Michigan—Week generally favorable for field work and crop growth; frosts tn upper peninsula and northern counties did some damage to corn, potatoes, garden truck, ami small frutt; corn nnd oats generally much Improved; early potatoes In fine condition; bean and late potato planting well advanced; sugar beets generally healthy but rather slow; old meadows light, but new ones progressing; wheat continues to tall, now heading. Wisconsin—Warin with copious rains beneficial to all crops; high winds, excessive rains and hall In central counties caused some damage in few localities; corn much Improved; winter wheat and rye heading fairly well, but straw short; drilled oats and barley excellent, but broadcast seedings poor: tobacco setting In progress, plants thrifty; strawberries ripening, good quality. lowa—Weirther much warmer with copious showers In portions of State; erop conditions improved; corn well cultivated and showing better color and stand; small grain improved ami early oats and barley headlpg; clover harvest begun with fair yield; fruit generally promising, except plums and apples, which are much below average. South Dakota—Cloudy with abundant general rains; spring wheat, oats, barley, rye, flax and grass generally made thrifty progress, especially wheat, which Is mostly of good height. Is jointing nnd promising, and weediness In north decreasing; corn backward. rains retarded cultivation; frost in eastern counties on 7tl> and cut worms necessitating considerable replanting; hay prospect* good. Nebraska—Week generally cool, with heavy showers favorable for growth of small grain, but ratbpr cool for corn; winter wheat has Improved In condition and Is beginning to ripen In southeastern counties; oats have Improved slightly; corn tn In'good condition and generally free of weeds; large crop of cherries; apples promise small crop.

Notes of Current Events.

Bank of England reduced its rate of discount to 3% per cent. Oil has been found in Parma township, ten miles from Cleveland, Ohio. John Jjcigen, n farmer, living near Cashion, Okla., became suddenly insane and brained his brother with an ax. Allentown, Pa., school board has decided that flirting must cease. A new school room will be built for tip? boys. Columbia Taylor, nged 50, was found hanging in a barn at Bloomington, Mo. He had met with financial reverses. Agnes Forsythe, aged 13, was accidentally shot and killed by young men returning from a hunt near Wylam, Ala. Miss Barbara Spindlen, aged 17 years, was burned to death nt Wellington, Kan., in a fire resulting from a gasoline explosion. Miss Ollie Tyson of Hopkinsville, Ky> has received notice that she is one <>r eighteen heirs'to a >40,000,000 estate left by John Tyson in Australia. Mrs. Rosa Meta Hearne of Austin, Texan, killed herself because the man who promised to marry her failed to appear at the appointed hoar.

DIVORCE A CHURCH SIN.

The Episcopalian Clergymen’* Revised Canon la Rigid. In the report to be submitted to the convention of the 'Protestant Episcopal Church on the prohibition of marriage within certain degrees of consanguinity i* a proposed cauon forbidding a man from wedding his dead wife’s sister.' There has been vigorous opposition. Attached to the report is a “proposed canon on prohibited degrees.” This is it: “Marriage between persons standing to one another in the following relations is prohibited by this church. A man may not marry his mother, step-mother, daughter, step-daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, sister-in-law, grandmother, step-grandmother, grandinother-in-lhw, granddaughter. step - granddaughter, granddaughter-in-law, aunt, aunt by marriage, niece, niece by marriage. A woman may not marry father, step-father, son, step-son, son-in-law, brother, broth-er-in-law, grandfather, step-grandfather, grandfather-in-law, grandson, step-grand-son, grandson-in-law, uncle, uncle by marriage, nephew, nephew by marriage.” Should the proposed canon be accepted it will raise within the Episcopal Church in this country the question which has long vexed the lawgivers in England on the subject of the deceased wife’s sister, for marriage to a sister-in-law is prohibited. Marriages of divorced persons where the ground for divorce occurred after marriage is strictly prohibited, and the marriage to a deceased wife's sister is also placed under the ban.

DOWIE WEARS WINGS.

Although Claiming Immortality He Fear* Kidnaper*. John Alexander Dowie appeared before his Chicago congregation Sunday with wings attached to his clerical robe. He announced that certain physician* had formed a plot to kidnap him, lock him in a detention hospital and beat him till he eould lose all his reasoning powers and come really insane. He *aid that the kidnaping might take place any time, and after the service he called a special private meeting of the male member* to help the Zion guard in protecting him. He also made threats against the physicians that he would do to them as he thought they were trying to do to him. unless they shall let him alone and stop calling him a paranoiac. With all this, Dowie repeated his pretensions to be Elijah reincarnated, making way for the end of the world, aqd he incidentally laid claim to immortality. "I have special information,” shouted the general overseer to his followers, “that a law has been juggled with special reference to me. These doctors have fixed it so #at an insanity complaint does not have to come from a relative now. but may come from any man tjrho says lie acts in public interest. Do you know what this means? It comes from the Mine men who are calling me a paranoiac.” Dowie also declared his intention of having the editors of Chicago newspapers indicted for inciting murder.

Few-Line Interviews.

W. N. Rowley of Boston—Even the reports that-come from the South fail to give people of the North an adequate conception of the industrial prosperity and prospects that are now the South'*. The country is developing with wonderful rapidity. In the six hours’ ride out of Savannah I counted from the window of the car sixty-four cotton gins. s There were doubtless just as many on the side of the train. The race problem of that section is gradually settling itself satisfactorily by the industrial education of the young negr<*s, which is now beginning to show results. They have changed in many cases from the worthless and unskilled labor of half a generation ago to skillful workmen and self-dependent property owners. Carter Harrison, Mayor of Chicago- I do not believe it is possible to have what is called an “open town" unless the public wants it. I don’t believe that it is possible to reform a community by passing laws. The community cannot rise above its own level, and its level is reflected in the way in which it enforces its laws. There is no truth in the report that Chicago is a "wide open" town. It is a “closely shut down” town in every sense of the word. I think it is very poor policy for a mayor to advocate the enforcement of the blue laws or the ringing of the curfew l»ell when the people are not in favor of them. You cannot reform any community by law. It musT be done by education. Senator George F. Hoar of Massachusetts—Before I came to Congress I had built up a law practice that brought me an income of $20,000 a year, and 1 havu every reason to believe tliat the practice would grow to $50,000. I had saved from my income about SIOO,OOO, and I believed I could keep my practice nhd still attend to my duties in Congress. After more than thirty years in the public service, I find myself at 75 with my law practice gone and the accumulations of my young days dissipated. It is impossible to remain in Congress and attend to (>ae's duties nnd nt the same time to continue an outside business. Gen. John R. Brooke,. U. S. A., Commanding the Department of the East— There are now forty enlisted men in my department tip for cxanfinutlon for commissions, nnd when any or nil of them are found qualified I will take the very greatest possible pleasure in heartily recommending them for their commissions. I have a record for having more men from the ranks commissioned than any other department commander in the same time, nnd I am of the opinion that the right of every mgn to get a commission, if he i* worthy of it, is the greatest"hope of the army, Walter Fears of New Iberia, La.—l have handled mules for some time, but I have never seen so great a demand for them a* bow. I am paying now from $175 to SIOO for a good heavy mule, and $l2O and up for lighter stock. These prices represent an extremely large advance in the last year. This may be, and no doubt i*. in some measure due to the demand for South African export, but it is not entirely due to that. The demand extend* all over the country, and it 1* difficult to any In how many different litas it I* felt.