Indiana State Sentinel, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 August 1894 — Page 9

fSECOND PARTEI

6 Ä f 1

nnnco n Tn io muco u iu i. ESTABLISHED 1822. INDIANAPOLIS, WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 1, 1891 TWELVE PAGES. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

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DO SOME ANIMALS THINK.

WOXDEIIKIL IMKLI.ir.i:(T. SHOWN ii y mam" iuuti:s. Collection of Ant onl nhln;; Morle, Including One of n Flah Which bnit'ttefl to n Snrsleal Opf rnllon -Kni)"lnK "Work of Film, Ileetlcs and Crnbu. Kirby and Spenge, fays a writer in the Philadelphia Pres., record that a member of the beetles finding a pellet which it had made for the reception of itB "g? too heavy for its own strength, went off to an adjoining heap and obtained the assistance of three companions.. "AM four now appHed their united atrneth to the pellet and at length sue-r-ded in puhint; it oat. which being lone the three assistant beetles left the ppot and returned to their own quarters." Most people must be familiar with the burying beetles. Cu finer writes: vcral of them unite together to bury tinder the prrund us fooei ?nd shelter lvr their youns; s":n dead animals, su h as a mouse, a toad, a ni"le, a bil l, -tc. The burial is perfurm-d because th-- corpse, if left al)o- ! -'.ini. w r.u Iii either clry up or etov r"tt-"-n or be eaten by uh-r animal.--. In all the?-- cafs the young would parish. wni-as (h learl lo-1y lying in the -:iith and with-irawn from the oiiii r ho- ! s;s very well. The burying beetles iT'Ti-t.i about their work in well-con? i.j-r it-,1 fashion, for they scrape away the- e.ir.h lying under the body, ."o that it fI:;K- of itself deeper and deeper. Yv'h -n it is dc-ep enough down It is rover-d fr.m aiove. If (he situation is Ftony. the beetle with united forces and jfi'eat efforts drag the corpse to pom- piare more suuabU for burying. They woik so diligently that a mous. fcr instance. is buried within three hours. Hut they often work on for days, so as to bury the Indy as deeply as possiblePrüm large eareasses, such as tho.s.- f,f horses, pheep, ou, they only bury piece-, as lare as they can ma;iat;c." Th following story, piven on the authority (,f the wfll-known writers, Kilian.! rnoe. is astoiiishini? as showing In a rt'inaikiitilf decree the power of ealculatin: "'A iri-n 1 of (Iledditsch fastened a debl t ad, which he- dosirtd " dry. uj...n tin- i.p of an upright stick. The bury in.s? leoil-s were attract. -d ly Rfiagnificent nit.cent

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the smell, and finding that they could not reach the toad they undermined the stick, thus causing it to fall with the toad, which was then buried safe out of harm's way." Dr. Garraway of Faversham communicated the following to Mr. Romanist On a bank of moss in the Black Forrest he saw a beetle alight with a caterpillar which it was carrying and proceed to excavate a cylindrical hole in the peat, about an inch and a half deep, into which, when completed, It dropped the caterpillar and then flew away through the pines. "I was struck with the creature's folly in leaving the hole uncovered, as every curious wayfaring Insect would doubtless be tempted to enter therein. However, in about a minute the beetle returned, this time carrying a null pebble, of which there were none in the immediate vicinity, and having carefully titled this into the aperture, flew away into space." Intelligent' of the Hotine Fly.' Ferhaps one is but little prepared for an exhibition of intelligence on the part of the house fly, whose room we perfc-r to its company. Jesse, however, in that delisrhtful look "Jesse's Cleanings," gives a wonderful story: "Slingsby, the celebrated opera dancer, resided in the large house in Cros.dcep, Twickenham, next to Sir Wathen Wallers, looking down the river. He was fond of the study of natural history, and particularly of insects, and he once tried to tame some house files nrd preserve them in a state of activity through the winter. For this purpose, quite at the end of the autumn

and when . they we re becoming almost j helpless, he selected four from his break- , fast table and put them upon a handful of cotton and placed it in one corner of the window nearest the fireplace. "Not long afterward the weather became so cold that all flies disappeared except tiiese four, which constantly lr ft their bod of cotton at his breakfast time, came and fed at the table and then returned to their home. This continued ! r-r a short time, when three of them became lifeless in their shelter and only one came down. This one Siingsby had trained to feed upon his thumbnail, by placing on it some moist .tiffar mixed with a little butter. Although there had been at intervals several days of sharp frost the fly never missed taking his daily meal in this way till after Christmas, when, his kind preserver having invired a friend to dine and sleep at his house, the fly the next morning perched upon the thumb of the visitor, who, being ignorant that it was a pet of the host's dapped his hand upon it and thus put an end to Mr. Slingsby's experiment." Naturalists in all parts c the world have not bed the quaint, uncanny actions of crustaceans, notably of crabs. Now that public aojuaria are multiplying th-ir habits may be more closely studied. The amount of inheres: which suh, a study premises to afford may be gathered from fi Offer to

the following" extract from Prof. Moseley.'s "notes" of the Challenger expedition: "In vast abundance, all over the rocks, crawls about a crab, the same as that already noticed at the Cape Verde Islands. This crat nas been referred to by nearly all visitors to the rocks (St. Paul's). It Is far more wide-awake than the birds, and keep well out of reach, being thus of some difficulty to catch. The crab3 are all over the rocks; every crevice has several In It. You are fishing, and you have put down at your feet a nice bait, cut with some care and difficulty from a fish sacrificed for the. purpose. You are absorbed in the sport. A fish carries off your bait; you look down and see two crabs Just disappearing into an Impracticable crevice, carrying your choice morsel with them. You catch a fish and throw it down bejdde you. Before long you find a swarm of crabs around it, tearing morsels off the gills using both claws alternately to carry them to their mouths, and a big old crab digging away at the skin of the fish and trying to bite through it." Curlonn Instinct In Crabs. Darwin found on Keeling Island a monster land crab, which feeds on the cocoanut lie says: "The front pair of leg3 terminate in very strong and heavy pincers and the last pair are fitted with otIi.-rs weaker and much narrower. It would at first be thought quite impossible for aerab to open a strong cocoanut .covered with the husk, but Mr. Liesk assures me that he has repeatedly seen this effected. The crab begins by tearing the husk, fiber by fiber, and always from that end under which the three eye holes ar2 situated. When this is completed the crab commences hammering with Its heavy claws on one of the eye holes till an opening is made. Then, turning round its body by the aid of its posterior and narrow pair of pincers, it extracts the white albuminous substance. I think this Is as curious a case of Instinct as ever I heard of, end likewise of adaptation in structure between two objects apparently so remote from each other in the scheme of nature as a crab and a cocoanut tree." A very clear case of the power of distinguishing cause and effect is riven by Darwin in his "Descent of Man," as pointing to a higher mental action than that which in the preceding passage he calls instinct: "A trustworthy naturalist. Mr. Gardner, while watching a shore crab making Its burrow, threw some shells toward the hole. One rolled in, and three other shells remained within a. few Inches of the mouth. In about five minutes the crab brought out the shell which had fallen In, and carried it away to the distance of a foot. It then saw the three other shells lying near, and. evidently tinking that they might also roll in, carried them to the

headers of THE IHDIAEM STATE

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spot where it had laid the first. It would, I think, be difficult to distinguish this act from one performed by man by the aid of reason." Anyone who has watched hermit crabs In a marine aquarium must have noticed how fastidious the "holy friar" is about his cell; nay even when he find one that suits his taste better he will leave his abode, attach himself to the living Inhabitant of the shell, if it has one, and wait for the occupant's death. Amng thes hermit crabs there are several cases in which a friendship exists between the crab and an anemone (Adamsia). Instances have been known In which when the anemone has been removed from the shell Inhabited by the hermit the crab has taken it In its claws and held It in place until the companion was firmly fixed again. Mr. Romanes has collected several records In which even the larvae of insects have shown marked intelligence. One is very striking. Reaumur cut off the edge of a new coat which a larva of a tinea moth had sewn together out of elm leaf. "The larva sewed up the rent; and not only so, but, the scissors having cut off one of the projections Intended to enter into the construction of the triangular end of the case, it entirely changed the original plan and made that end the head which had been first designed fur the tail." Man is but rarely brought into contact with fishes in the way of study of life. I shall not dwell on the Instinct of the stickle-back in making its nest and securing a harem, nor on the curiosity shown by the dwellers in the water when light is brougn near to them, nor on the habits of the angler fish and the shooting fih. It will not be much to our present purpose to discuss the "homing instinct" of the salmon and, therefore, I proceed to give a few stories which indicate that even fish have powers deserving of the name intelligence. That obs-rvant naturalist and faithful historian of country scenes and occupations, Edward Jesse, says: "At Dubson, near Bermingham, England, about thirty years ago, there was in a small pond in the garden a larga tame perch, which put everything that I offered him into his mouth and did not seem to be afraid of anything. I even presented my linger to him, which he tried in the most vigorous manner to get down his throat, pressing against the end of it with distended jaws and with a wriggling motion performed by means of the tail. I also lifted him out of the pond without scaring him. If he was not visible at any moment when the water was splashed by the hand he soon appeared and remained some time near the surface looking about, after which, if there was nothing for him, he went down again for a large perch always lies at the bottom, commonly upon the ground, where lie rests, like all his species, under the same circumstances, on the tips of the ventral fins and the tip of the tail. He was ex

tremely deliberate and sober in his proceedings, moving as little as possible." It has been a common thing for many centuries to keep carp in tanks, and there are numberless instances of their becoming tame. Nor is this keeping of tame fish peculiar to "civilized" countries. Wallace, in describing his visit to Gunong Sari, in the Malay Archipelago, says: "Within was an inclosure with two square fish ponds and some fine trees, then another gateway, through which we entered Into a park. On the right was a brick house, built somewhat In the Hindoo style, and placed on a high terrace or platform; on the left a large fish pond, supplied by a little rivulet whieh entered it out of the mouth of a gigantic crocodile well executed In brick and stone. The ed?es of the pond were bricked, and in the center rose a fantastic and picturesque pavilion ornamented by grotesque statues. The pond was well stocked with fine fish, which come every morning to be. fed at the sound of a wooden gor.?, which is hung near for the purpose. On striking it a number of fish immediately came out of the massea of we?d with which the pond abound, and followed us alonsr the margin expecting food." Add dusky beauties feeding the expectant fishes and you have a scene worthy vratteau's pencil. -The sense of touch and taste seem to b wek in fish, but there is a sense for which it would ! hard to find a name. That is a sense by which they discover the direction of water. Every angler knows how persistently a f.h laid on the river's bank will l--ap aUvays toward the stream. Eels often perform journeys overland in search of water but here we ar simply talking about what everyone calls "instinct." If the following story were not vouched for by people with a name for veracity to lose, it woull well be relegated to the limbo of "fih stories." It is. however, given by Ernest Menault in his "Inteinpenco of Animals," and was believed bv Hr. Jonathan Franklin no mean naturalist. It was also read before a learned society, the Literary and philosophical socletv of Liverpool by Dr. Warwick in 1S.V), who says: "When I lived at Durham I was walking one evening In a park belonging to the earl of Stanford, along the bank of a lake where fishes abounded. My attention was turned toward a fine jack of about six pounds,, which, seeing me, darted into the middle of the water. In its flight it struck its head against the stump of a post, fractured its skull, and wounded a part of the optic nerve. The animal fcave si?iis of ungovernable pain, plunged to the bottom of the water, burying its head in the mud, and turning with such rapidity that I lost it for a moment; then it returned to the top and threw itself clean out of the water onto tbe bank. I examined the fi.h and founi that a small part of the brain had gone out through the fracture of the cranium. "I carefully replaced the shattered brain and, with a small silver toothpick,

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raised the depressed parts of th skull. The fish was very quiet during the operation; then I replaced it In the pond. It seemed at first relieved, but after some minutes it threw itself abotrt, plunged here and there, and at last threw irself once more out of the water. It con

tinued thus to act many times following. I called the keeper and, with his ssistance, applied a bandage to the fracture. This done, we threw the fish into the water and left him to his fate. The next morning when I appeared on the bank the pike came to me near where I sat and put his head near my feet. I thought the act extraordinary, but taking up the fish, without any resistance on its part. I examined the head and found that it was going on well. "I then walked along the banks for some time; the fish did not cease to swim after me, turning when I turn.d; but as it was blind 0:1 the side where it was wounded, it apiirel always agitated when the Injured eye was turn-1 toward the bank. On this I changed the direction of my movements. Th next day I brought some young friends to see this fish, and the pike swam toward me as before. Little by little h- became so tame that he came when I whistled and ate from my hand. With other people, on the contrary, it was as gloomy and fierce as it always had been." If this story were told of a lum, as in th? classic tale of "Aridrocles and the Lion," of a dog, a wolf even, a hors?. cat or bird we should merely think of it as one of many and c ur own experience would readily indorse it. When it is told of a fish it has to suffer- the questioning to which all unique experiences sre subjected. OT A AVIMv Ol SI.KEP. A Klcyollst' Hide of Over Three Payii Without Tu Ulnar Any Kent. One of the greatest "record breakers" has set all his compeers at defiance, by the truly marvelous effort of cycling from the Land's End to John O'Greai's in ?6 hours, 13 minutes that is. 9 hours and 40 minutes quicker than the "safety" record. We are informell that he experienced little fatigae, and that to all appearances he was not id any way injured by his success; but th most remarkable part of this act is included In the fact that he performed his task without Indulging In one moment of sleep. He was 3 days, 14 hours and 15 minutes without reclining once or resting or ceasing his active movement of propulsion, except for the very briefest moments. We know from the best experimental proofs that the healthy heart will beat 10,000 times in the twenty-four hours, and that the lowest estimate of the work done by this labor is equal to lifting 122 tons one foot, but it has recently been shown that cycling tells severely and specially upon the circulation, and that the number of the SISCö MhL. J 0

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etrokes of the fiwrt Is doubled during such aotive exercise as that to which the rider eubjected himself, " that th lowest etlmat we can wfume for th work of tifl heart uch day was ClI.wO beat, wltn work done of 241 foot tons; and this malntalnel for 3 days and 14 hoars and 15 minutes, was equal to mora than fc:.4 foot tons without rt-pop. Th experiment, for It must rj looked upon physiologically as en experiment, 1 not without lt us3. It shows that there remains much that is as yet unexplained in respect to th -aus- of fl&ep, suggesting, indeed, that there is Minethir.g In persistent motion of th blood, sustained by volition of a resolute kind, which prevents the nervous system from iassing int. 1 that passive or negative state t which the term "sic p" is applied. Tha practical lss-n we are most called to dwell upon, however, bears on the ultimate influent of extreme exercise on the ljodies of thes young men whomaka themselves the victims .'f self-inflicted injury. London Lancet.

I.Ittle Howard' Withe. Littl Howard lives in New Jersey. II bad a b'rlhJay recently, and a benevolent and well-to-d uncle w ho happened to b staying at th- vus thought lie would tin i out the vhild's wi-h-.s before giving him a handsome, present. "Howard." hi asked, "what would you like mvst in the world if you could K- sure of having It?" "Well," answered the child, to the utter amazement of th- practical relative, "if I co'-ii -.-..t something that would get the m.alari.i out of my system. T wouldn't ask fcr anything more!" The uncle, faint, but pursuing, queried further: "And can't jou think of anything els, lb-ward, that you'd like to have?" "So," answered the boy. "unless." h aided, briphter.lng as an evident memory of his last Sunday-school lesson cam over his mind, "unles I could hav something that would drive sin out oil the wcrld.M-X. Y. Tribur.e. Mir- Mi lit Saeceed. rroud Mother "Did my daughter Ping for you?" Opera Manager "Yah." "lo you think she coull succeed on th Stage?" Hossibly eef griffen a l-urt rait no zlr.zins iu it." X. Y. Weekly. A Modern Application. Teacher " "The race Is not always ta the swift.' Do you understand the inner meaning: of that?" Bright Boy "Sometimes the bead feU ler'a tire pets punctured." Street St Smith's Good News. The American Climate. Visitor "What port of weather AW you have here this time last year?" Native "Wall, really now, I don't jut remember whe-ther it was a drought ora flood"-X. Y. Weekly. i Rar opponüiiiM Siiepp n.f ü Photographed A WliBPM BÄ, Containing More Than 500 Pages and 256 Photographic Views ol the Great Columbian Exposition. Handsome!' Bound in Blue and Gold. The only crltrinal. authorized and complete pbotcgraphic panorama of the marvelous buildings, exhibits, scenes an! mrroundings of the World's Columbian Exposition. A eublliaa fpecUcle, u' tllmely Illustrated. Du Oil This magnificent work has received th tuoquIlfled endorsement of the leading papers of the country as the greatest and moft artlsUo photographic reproduction ot the World's Fair that Is before the. public The Boston Traveler" voices the sentiment of tbe presi thus: ....... i h Mist Iiis Dl flu World's Fair MeifM This gem of photographio work !s non iffered with one wear's subscription U The Indiana State Sentinel. And The Indiana State Sentinel for n Tear.

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