Indiana State Sentinel, Indianapolis, Marion County, 25 July 1894 — Page 5

THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL, WEDNESDAY "MORNING, JULY 25,.I891 TWELE TAGES

CULTIVATING SMALL FRUITS

some: -practical dirfxtioxs tor siccessfii. hksi'Lts. Other Farm Matter Wastef nines of FArmrr Silase for Pis; Cramming; Poultry Growing; Corn All Around the Form III nt to llonaekeepera A Collection of Valuable Recipe. The low prices of all small fruits make It imperative that the grower should practice every economy In their production. Hand labor is always expensive, and should be employed sparingly. Leaving the weeds lo grow undisturbed among strawberries or raspberries is probably the most expensive method that could be adopted by the grower. Many Implements in use for subduing weeds among small fruits do Rood work if properly adjusted and skillfully managed. But after all, much hand work has to be done. Perhaps a statement of our method of growing email fruits would be more Instructive and satisfactory to most readers than explicit directions. Proper preparation of the soil before setting- is always most economical. Still there are frequently unfavorable and unavoidable circumstances that will necessitate aome changes of any plan. The aim of every grower Is, or should be, to grow the finest quality and the most fruit at the cheapest rate. To do this the ground must be brought to a high degree of fertility, and ta a perfectly clean and mellow condition. Moat of our small fruits are grown among- peach trees or grape vines. Occasionally strawberries are set where the ground has been recently cleared of some other crop. In the winter of tit2 and 1?'J3 an old peach orchard was taken out, ani the ground, after heavy manuring and three piowlngs, was planted with potatoes. These were kept clean of weeds during the season. After two thorough plowings last spring the ground was set with plum trees and strawberries. As a special preparation, each row for strawterries was opened by turning apart two deep furrows, in which well-rotted manure was thiek'.y strewn. This was covered Toy throwing the furrows back, and well mixed with the soil by running a cultivator over th soil several times. As son as the strawberry plants had begun to ro t frequent and shallow cultivation wis resorted to, followed by light hoeing. In this way the ground has been kept clem and but little time was taken for each hoeirig. Dy the time the runners start nearly all the weed seed? in th;- ground will ha-e germinated and b;-m destroyed. Should weeds make their appeparance after a rain while the rround is s :ft they will be pulled. When l strawberry field is a year old It should te clean and pot require weeding or hoer.r till the crop is gathered. Then a thorough mellowing of the surface and -leaning of the bed should be done. For cultivating fruits or coin we find half a 5p:ing-t"oth harrow an excellent irrnpleTient. The depth of culture can be so readily and perfectly regulated that we lon-ider it of great value in our work. Almost precisely the same method is frCIcwe 1 by us win-re strawberries are set n a y ung p. u-h on-hard or vineyard. The second season, the bd is. not disturbed an 1 generally gets quite weedy. As soon as th crop is gathered the be 3 !s plnv.vd up and potatoes pltnted in the lead furrrw?. livery few days the tpri.!g-to..th cultivator or a section of a Thomas smoithing h'.rriw is run over th-? ground, potatoes and all. This, if the weather bf dry. will r diue all to fine tilth, add vegetable matter to the soil, anil general! secure a good crop of p -tatoes. Tiio n-xt seisin the ground is clean and ready f r strawberry planting. liaspberris and black -a;s may be k?pt fre from werd with less hand labor. The nvthod depends on the way they ar s-t whether in hüls or in rows. If in hills, so that they nuy be worked both ways with the plow and cultivator, simply pulling the weed.-, from the hil'.s, and with the Improved Morgan h "rse grape hoe, throwing a light furrow toward the plants, will cover the very small weeds so thit but very few will get Drge. As a n-fTvl-!abor paver in the cultivation of grapes, raspberries, and currants, it has no equal. Where the hills or rows are kss than five feet apart the hoe should b: narrowed by putting in shorter braces. svhi h will be supplied as extras by the nanufacturers. As my rar berries and blackcaps are -rown between rows of grapevines or peach trees, they are set in rows that can De worked but one way. The grape hoe he-re comes in play ts it leaves so little ground undisturbed between the bushes, vines, or trees, that the hoeing Is reduced to a minimum. If the weeds that make a rapid growth early In the season among the bushes be pulled, a judicious use of he horse grape hoe and the cultivator will keep the ground in good clean condition during the season, with but very little hand labor. The blackcap bushes ere frequently subject to rust, and we find it advisable to set out a plantation every second year. If properly set and cared for, a fair crop nvay be gathered from bushes set the previous year; or as soon as a crop of. strawberries. Afteryielding three crops, the rows have be;ome so thinned by this disease that the vLnes are taken out and the ground prepared for some other crop. During this äme the rows are sufficiently open to alKw the grape hoe to work advantageously. All implements used in the cultivation of fruit should he so regulated or Eet as to accomplish the desired work as perfectly as they are capable of doing. The owner or some competent person should see that the plow, eultlvatoj. end horse hoe are properly adjusted, and that the man working them pays strict attention to his business all of the time. A little carelessness in working with any Implement among fruit may cause great Injury and will be sure to leave lots of weeds to be pulled or hoed out. W. D. Bains in Rural New Yorker. Wasteful Farmer. The wastefulness of the West is proverbial. The matter of fertility of the soil is a notable example. We in the West wast-- untold quantities of fertilizers that would b carefully utilized were it available in the Fast. In many portions of the- Wowt this s '.H robbery has become a practical question. It will not be long till it will be universal. At the Kansas experiment station the farm superintendent has been studying the subject, and these are some .cf his conclusions: "Has your attention ever been called to I he fat that when you feed a thousand bu--hels of corn, to a lot of steers you waste 800 bushels of that corn? That Is the case if you do not save the ma-m.-which comparatively few western farmers do. The waste is really greater than that, for the animal system appropriates 20 pet cent, of the elements in the feed; the rest Is expelled in the manure partly as undigested material and partly a.3 broken down tissues which -have been replaced by the portion that has been assimilated. So It is entlnly safe to say that fcO per cent, of the elements in the feed are voided in the manure. Out of every thousand bushels of corn fed the manure then contains the elements (the nitrogen, the potash and phosphoric acid) necessary for the reproduction of the r-nin in 800 bushels of corn. Are you in Lee habit of allowing this amount of prof ctlve force to go to waste? You may m t feed steers, but the same Is true of he feed of all other classes of animals, .f d3lry oows, horses, hogs and poultry; at least 80 per cent, of the plant food contained In the feed they consume could be saved and employed as a force In the reproduction of feed or other farm crops. Nature wastes nothing. What is not actually stored up In the body of the animal In the form of an increase of flesh, or used In the production of milk or eggs, returns to mother earth whence It came, and If you do not utilize It for the production of crops you sustain, a waste Which sometime will be sorely felt on the

farm you cultivate. That time Is not far distant. Aye, It is already here In the case of a very large portion of our western farms. Anxious Inquiries are frequently heard as to how the productive power of the soil can be increased, and artificial fertilizers are already resorted to in the older portions of the West, while perhaps those same farmers who send to Chicago oi New York for fre3h supplies of plant food allow a rich store produced In their own barnyard and feed lots to go to waste unheeded. This is false economy. As a matter of fact, plant food cannot be obtained so cheaply as from barnyard manure, and this Is especially tnie when it can be had for the gathering, as is the case on farms."

llnKe for Visen. Since clover and gTass proved so beneficial to swine as a rummer food the cost of making pork has been considerably reduced. The next question to consider, however, is whether we can correspondingly reduce the cost of winter feeding. This question has already been answered In the practical demonstration of breeders in wintering fine animals on silage. It i3 only recently that experiments have been made along this line, both at the stations and by practical farmers, and the results show that swine can be wintered on silage, so that they will thrive almost as well as on a grain diet. By this method the fall pigs can be wintered very cheaply, and when spring comes they can be fattened up on corn and sold In time to secure the high prices obtained in April and May. They can be got out of the way then In time for the new litters of pigs. Like all other animals, swine are badly affected by sour or inferior nil-age. ant diseases may be started very easily In this way. The necessity of cutting and curing and keeping the silage properly Is evident. This should be fed to the swine In the winter at the rate of onequarter to half a bushel per day to each animal. If the sows have good, warin quarters and a roomy yard to run around in they will do well on this feed. A mixture of bran, middlings, swill or some other grain food, will make the ration a more balanced one, and give results that will be more satisfactory to the majority of farmers. The swine, as a rule, eat up the idlage very clean, not one pint to the bushel being wasted. If there is any waste less quantity should be given, for it shows that they are being fed too much of it. Occasionally it will be found that other feed will have to be given the animals a.- a change from th3 exclusive diet ? silage, and If this change is made for a few weeks the animals will return to the silage again eagerly. The question of causing disease among hogs by feeding them silage has been started largely by those who have fed the animals poor silage.- Kither the farmers do not understand how to preserve the silage corn, or some accident has soured it on their hands. Naturally we hear complaints from them, and not only do they condemn 'the use of silage for pigs, but for nearly all other animals. It might be well at this time of the year to make a thorough study of preserving silage for winter use. American Cultivator. Growing? Corn. It is indispensable In growing corn that three things should be looked after: A fertile soil, good cultivation, and plenty of moisture. The first two the farmer can furnish readily, and for the next we must in most sections depend on nature. Having the soil in the best possible condition is the first requisite. This does not mean that it should be smooth over the top, but it must be lined deep as plowed, for a hard lump into which the feeder rootlets cannot penetrate is of no more use to a plant than a stone of the s.inie size would be. If the cornfield is prepared thoroughly, mot of the after Work is made easier. After the cultivation begins it should be kept up as constantly as possible. The first time the plow Ls run through it may be set to run deeply, but after that the cultivation should be shallow, as the orn plant is a tropical one and has many routs that run near the surface of the soil. Jf passible, the field should be stirred every time there is a rain, and as son after as the land can be worked nd fall loosely from the plow. This Is important at any time, and of special importance If the weather has been unusually dry. for the two or three Inches of loose soil act as a mulch to keep the water in The soil from evaporating too rapidly; at the same time the loose soil allows the air to penetrate it readily, and as It cools, the dew laden air of the night enters and its moisture is absorbed by the soil, helping to economize the supply and benefit the crop. Another Important thing Is that the stalks should not be too closely grown together. We have found that in drilling a stalk each foot Is enough, if the row3 are from forty-two to forty-four inches apart. If hill planting is followed not more than three stalks should be allowed to stand. This, we know. Is a smaller number than most of farmers allow to stand, but a good stand with three stalks in each hill and the hills forty-four inches apart each way will, we believe, produce fully as many bushels of good, sound corn as four stalks In a hill. A very shallow cultivating, just as the silks begin to shoot, has proved profitable to us on more than one occasion, and it leaves the field clean of much of the after growth that usually springs up after the corn is "laid by." Chicago Inter-Ocean. Cramming Poultry. (Some years ago several firms tried to introduce into this coutry the French method of fattening poultry by forcing liquid food down their throats. It was not a success here, and a good many machines are now gathering rust. In England the scheme is still practiced. An English paper gives this account of the operation on a farm where over two thousand tons of poultry are sold every year. A great many young chicks are bought and many are bred on the place a cross of Dorking and Indian game being considered best for this purpose; "They are put into the fattening pens when four to seven months of age. During the first week they are allowed to feed themselves on a mixture of oatmeal, barley meal and water. After this they are crammed twice a day with a mixture of oat meal, barley meal, skim milk, and a little 'boiled fat or suet refuse from butchers shops. Ground oyster Fhells are mixed with the food to keep the birds healthy. The cramming was done in the presence of the. visitors. The operator, having placed the cramming machine close to the cages, takes out a bird by the neck, thrusts an India-rubber tube completely down the gullet, and fills the crop by pressing a lever with his foot, thus setting a pump in motion. He judges entirely ty the touch as to the quantity required by each bird, which varies a good deal. So quick is the process that 100 birds can be crammed in twenty minutes. 'Do you ever burst a crop?' he vas asked; and his reply was: 'Not now, "but I did formerly a few times." " All Around the Farm. Never sell a good cow unless at a price for above her worth. Sell the poorest and keep the best. A hog pasture without shade Is almost as bad as a barn without a roof. It Is not In the Interest of the farmer to compel the hogs to endure the heat of the sun. They prefer the shade at times and thrive better when they can get it. The better condition in which the farm tools are kept, the less effort is required on the part of teams, and on the part of the workmen also; yet farmers will use their implements a whole year without sharpening them. No other mechanic would. To prevent rabbits and worms from harming trees mix together turpentlnys and hogs' lard and apply on the trees. This kills the worms in the tree, keeps the eggs from hatching and prevents the rabbits from gnawing. The lard kills the rabbit and the turpentine kills the worm. Keep the cultivator going and the surface of the rround frequently stirred in

ail the growing crops. This not onlykeeps the weeds at bay, but also lets the heat Into the soil and through that agency forces along the growth. That "tillag? is manure" may not be quite true, yet it greatly aids the growth of plants. The many grape vines loaded with small bunches, to be seen in the fall, tell the tale of overloaded vines. What a mistake it is to have half a dozen canes where one only should be. The one cane shouid give fine, large berries and bunches,-which would weigh just as much as the fruit on the half-doen canes of the other vine. Some of the experiment stations have for several- years conducted experiments In the use of commercial fertilizers in wheat growing. The average results thu3 far have been an increase of 30 per cent, in yield per acre over that grown without such fertilizers In the same fields. Many instances show a much larger increase, but the average has been found as stated. The best way to get rid of the small red spiders which are sometimes found on the backs of rose leaves is to syringe occasionally with suds of home-made soap. This Is also a remedy for mildew. The green worms which are sometimes found on rose leaves can be remedied by applying with a syringe soap suds in which has been placed a tablespoonful of kerosene to the gallon. The pleasing share of farming must be made conspicuous. It is said that all farmers aim for this success. They do in some degree, but they too frequently allow the repulsive pare to become too prominent. Weeds offend the beauty of fields, poor fences- allow the intrusion of unruly animals, rubbish takes the place of neatness and general disorder prevails through the barn and buildings. No law. no co-operative efforts, no luck, can have any effect upon the yield of milk, nor the cost of the fe-ed, nor the thoroughness of the creaming, por the quality of the product. These end3 are wholly wrought out by the judgment, thought and skill of the owner. The success of the dairy depends upon the man who owns the cows. He can elect to own good stock and do thorough work if he will. (Most of the common edible plants of the garden have been known to man for long ages. There are doubtless many wild plants that, if subjected to cultivation, will prove valuable, but the average farmer or gardener is little likely to take this labor on himself. It is one of the most interesting end promising fields that we know of for investigating by the numerous experimental stations now at work in all the states of the Union. Mr. Cook, a New York dairyman who milks fnom sixty to seventy cows, says that he gets the best results from cows that go dry not more than six weeks or two months. They need this time for rest, but he would not have one that persists In going dry three or four. months at the exjx-nse of his pcketbook. me cows are persistent milkers, refusing to "dry up." and he has them in . his dairy that have been constantly ii. niilk. for five years. Not a bushel of corn should Ke turned into pork without knowing whether it will bring as much money as though it had been sold at the warehouse, says a writer. It is not easy for the average farmer to determine just what it costs him to "feHl off" his drove of hogs. It would be often better to sell them off to the professional feeder at this stage. Lack of profit usually lies in slow development at the early stage, or in the final cost of fattening. Thorough work from the first costs somewhat more, but it pays when the crop comes to be harvested. The mistake of the poor farmer is often most seen in his attempts to grow the crops that cost least labor. It is such crops that never piy very largely, because there are too many farmers in that kind of competition. It is true in farming as it is in every other kind of business, that the oxtra work, which! is more than most will attempt, pj.vs the) best. Make the farm a neat and attractive place if you would have boys and young men attracted by It. Remove the rubbish and drain wet places and ponds and then you will perform the required labor at less expense than when you were annoyed by it or when you were wading through mud. Stumps and bushes cleared from your fields will make b.-tter and cheaper cultivation. A stony field will become greatly improved by converting the stones into stone walls, and makes easier plowing. At the agricultural experiment station of Maine state college observations covering the period of growth of four years have shown that the excess of moisture in forest above that of open field averages 10 per .cent., reaching 14 per cent, in th? middle of the day. The excess would undoubtedly be greater in a very dense forest. The presence of patches of forest in any region exerts a marked influence on the hydroscopic conditions of the atmosphere, and this condition, in turn, is an important factor In the growth of vegetation. One of the most nutritive food substances that has lately been brought to this eourtry is the soja or soya bean. It originally came from Japan,, jwhere it is highly esteeemed. The straw of the soja bean is richer in protein than meadow hay, while the meal from the bean Itself is richer than linseed cneal or gluten. The soja bean is one of thse leguminous plants which gets most of Its nitrogen from the air, and, therefore, does not exhaust the soil as does the growing of flax, from "whose seed linseed meal and oil are made. ,y . White clover is too short and small to be available for hay making we know of no plant that makes a better or more ' enduring pasture. Land that is once well seeded with white clover is never afterward entirely clear from it. Seeds form in the heads all through the season, and they have the faculty of lying in the ground without injury and growing whenever a favorable chance offers. The plant also spreads by trailing on the ground and rooting from the joints, as a strawberry will do, whenever there is a soft or moist place to strike its roots into. A writer in the Orange Judd Farmer has thoroughly tested hi.l colonies, and says that when he runs them for comb honey he has not been able to get any large number to average over fifty or sixty pounds to the colony, but colonies in the same yard, run for extracted honey, have averaged from 123 to 100 pounds in a .season. The bees run for extracted honey were given empty combs hs rapidly a- they could fill them. He keeps his queens clippecj and has? little or no trouble1 from swarming. In this way, with the self-pacing frames in the hive, he claims to be able to care for 400 colonies, and do it easier than he could handle half that number In sections.

Illntu to Housekeeper. Mahogany furniture should be washed with warm water and soap; an application of beeswax and sweet' oil upon a soft cloth, and polished with chamois, gives a rich finish. To restore gilding to picture frames, etc.: Remove. all dust with a soft brush, and wash the gilding in warm water, in which an onion has been boiled; dry quickly with soft rags. For repairing mirrors accidentally scratched, clean the bare portion of the glass by rubbing it gently with fine cotton, taking care to remove any traces of dust and grease. If this cleaning is not done very carefully, defects will appear around the place repaired. To clean gilt frames, rub them with a little sal volatile mixed with cold water; or, after dusting the frames well, paint the gilding with a camel's hair brush dipped in tha following mixture. One gill of water in which one ounce of common salt, one ounce of alum and twi ounces of purified nitre have been dis- ! solved. ( With the point of a knife cut upon ' the "back of another looking-glass & portion of the silvering of the required form, i but a little larger. Upon it place a small drop of mercury a drop the tlze of a pin's headwill be sufficient for a surface equal to the tsize of a nail. The mercury spreads Immediately, penetrates the amalgam to where It was cut off with the knife, and the required piece may now be lifted and removed to the place

to be repaired- This If? the most difficult part of the operation. Then press lightly the renewed portions with cotton, and the glass presents the same appearance as when new. To clean oil painting wast them with a sponge, and dry them by rubbing with a silk handkerchief. When the picture is very dirty, remove it from its frame, lay a wet towel on the face of the picture, sprinkling it from time to time with clear, soft water. Let it remain wet for two or three days. Then remove tha towel and wash the picture well with a roft sponge. When quite dry rub it with some clear nut or linseed oil. Those who are rot so fortunate as to have velvet-lin-d cases for their silver spoons and forks can protect them in this manner. Take a strip of the heaviest canton flannel, wide enough so that after laying the spoons and forks on tt, the cloth can be folded over them. Then stitch a band of the material to the uiper part of it and fasten, leaving jjaces or loops through which to slip ha silver. A very pretty case for sliver in daily use is made as follows: Take a piice of ticking thirty inches wide and the length of your cupboard; the length to be taken lengthwise of the goods. Turn up onethird for the pocket; ftitch it at convenient Intervals to the back, making pockets from two or three inches wide and ten inches deep. Bind with braid, and work the strips in any fancy stitch and colors to taste. This is to try tacked between two shelves on the back of the cupboard. For silver to be put away, make the case ten Inches wider for a flap at the top. and with a pointed end-flap with strings to tie around. For this the division-pockets should be narrow, to hold only one spoon, knife or fork. The silver is thus prevented from being scratched, as when put away in a box.

Valnnble Iteclpes. Raisin Cake Take one and one-quarter pound of li.ht dough, a. teacup of sugar, one of butter, three epgs, a teaspoonful of carV'nate of soda, one pound of raisins; nutmeg or cinnanun to the taste; bake one hour. Ket it rise before belns; baked. Graham Cakes Two cupfuls brown flour, one cupful white flour, three cupftils sour or buttermilk, one full teaspoonful lard, three eggs, beaten very liRht. If you use sweet milk, add two teaspoonfuls cream tartar. Lake as soon as they are mixed. Lemon Macaroones One pound of powdered su.-rar, four egs. whipped very light and long; juice of three lemons and peel of one: one heaping cupful prepared flour, one-half teaspoonful nutmeg, liutter your hands lightly; take up small lumps of the mixture, make in! balls about as large as a walnut, an! lay them upon a sheet of buttered paper more than two inches arart. Hake In a brisk oven. Coriander Cookies One cup of butter, throe cups of sugar, one cup of loppered milk or cream, four eges, even cups flour, or just enough to stiffen into a. tollable paste; two tablespoonfuls coriander see (round or beaten), one teaspoonful of sola, dissolved in boiling water. If you use sweet - milk, ad 1 two teaspoonfuls cream tartar. You may substitute caraway for the coriander seed. Seel Wafers One-half pound of sugar, one-quarter pound of butter, creamed with the susrar; four egtrs. beaten very licht; enough' Hour fr suft dough, one ounce caraway seeds, mixed with the dry flour. Mix well, roll into a very thin paste. Cut into röun 1 cakes, brush each over with the white of an egg. sift powdered sugar upon it. and bake in a brisk oven about ten minutes, or untU crisp. I- not take them from the baking tins until nearly cold, as they are apt to break while hot. White Vuffs (very nice.) One pint rich milk; whites of four eggs whipped stift"; one heaping cup prepared flour; one scant cup powdered sugar; grated peel of half a lemon; a little salt. Whisk the eggs and sugar to a meringue, and add this alternately with the flour to the milk. (If you have cre-im, or half cream half milk. It is better). lat until the mixture is very light and bake in buttered cups or tins. Turn out. sift pjwdcred sugar over them, and eat with lemon sauce. These are delicate in texture ami taste, and pleasing to the eye. Boiled Iemon Pudding Two cups of dry bread crumbs, one cup powtVred beef suet, four tablespoonfuls Hour prepared, onehalf cup suirar, one lame lemon. All the juice and half the peel, four eggs, whipped light: one cup of milk a large one. Soak the bread crumbs in the milk, add the suet, beat eggs and sogar together anthese well into the soaked bread. To these put the lemon, lastly the (lour, beaten In with as few strokes as will suffice to mix up all into a thick batter. Boil thre hours in a buttered mold. Eat hot with wine sauce. Plain Boiled Pudding One-cup loppered milk or cream, cne-half cup molasses, r.r.ehalf cup butter, meltei; two and one-half cups flour, two even teaspoonfuls of soda, dissolved in hot water; a little salt. Mix molasses and butter together, and beat until very light. Stir in the cream or milk end salt; make a hole in the flour, pour in the mixture. Stir down the flour trradually until it is a smooth batter. Beat in the soda-water thoroughly and boil at once In a buttered" mold, leaving room to swell. It should be done In an hour and a half. Eat hot with a good sauce. Sour Milk Cakes One quart sour, or "loppered" milk, about four cupfuls sifted flour, two teaspoonfuls soda, dissolved in boiline: water; three tablespoonfuls molasses; sait to taste. Mis the molasses with the milk. Put the flour into a deep bowl, mix the salt through it; make a hole In the middle and pour in the milk, gradually stirring the flour down Into It with a wooden spoon. The batter should not be too thick. When all the milk Is in, beat until the mixture is free from lumps and very smooth. Add the soda-water, stir up fast and well, and bake Immediately. "Loppered" milk, or "clabber." is better than buttermilk. Huckleberry Cake One cup butter, two cups sugar, three cups flour, five eggs, one cup sweet milk, one teaspoonful soda dissolve! In hot water, one teaspoonful nutmeg and the same of cinnamon; one quart ripe, fresh huckleberries, thickly dredged with flour. Stir the butter and sugar to a cream, add the beaten yolks, then the milk, the flour and spice, the whites whipped stiff, and the eoJ.a. At the last stir in the huckleberries with a wooden spoon or paddle, not to bruise them. Bake In a loaf or card, in a moderate but steady oven, until a straw comes out clean from the thickest part. This is a delicious cake and deserves to be better known. Vinegar Pie One-third cup strong vinegar, one cup boiling water, one cup sugar, three tablesjoonfuls melted butter, two of flour, one tablespoonful of lemon extract. Put the vinegar, water, , sugar and butter into a basin and let it come to a boil, then stir in the flour, let this cook and then cool. Beat the yolks of the two eggs and stir into it, also the lemon, then turn your mixture into your crust and bake. Have the whites of the two eggs beaten to a froth, and sweeten to taste. Pour this over the pie when done, and return to the oven until it is browned just a little, and your pie Is ready for tea. I think it is nice and a vorv good substitute for lemon pie. You will like it. Currant Fritters (very nice.) Two cups dry, fine bread crumbs; two tablespoonfuls prepared flour; two cups of milk; one-half pound currants, washed and well dried, five eggs whipped very light and the yolks strained; one-half cup powdered sugar; one tablespoonful ibutter; . one-half teaspoonful mixed cinnamon and nutmeg. Boil the milk and pour over the bread. Mix and put in the butter. Let it get cold. Beat in next the yolks and sugar, the seasoning, flour and stiff whites; finally, the currants dredged whitely with tiour. The batter should be thick. Drop in great .spoonfuls into the hot lard and fry. Drain them and send hot to table. Eat with a mixture of wine and powdered sugar. Jelly Puddings Two cups very fine stale biscuit or (bread crumbs; one cup rich milk half cream If you can get it; five eggs, beaten very light; one-half teaspoonful soda, stirred in boiling water; one cup sweet jelly, Jam or marmalade. Scald the milk and pour over the crumbs. Beat until half cold, and stir in the beaten yolks, then whites, finally the soda. Fill large cups half full with theT"batter; set in a quick oven and bake half an hour. When done turn out quickly and dexterously; with a sharp knife make an incision in the side of each; pull partly open and put a liberal spoonful of the conserve within. Close the slit by pinching the edges with the fingers. Eat warm with sweetened cream. The l'oorent Girls. The poorest girls In the world are those not taught to work. There are thousands of them. Rich parentä have petted them, and tney have been taught to despise labor and to depend upon others for a living and are perfectly helpless. The most forlorn women helong to this class. It Is the duty of parents to protect their daughters from this deplorable condition. They do them a great wrong if they neglect it. Every daughter should be taught to earn her own living. The rich as well as the poor require this training. The wheel of fortune rolls swiftly around the rich are likely to become poor and the poor rich. Skill added to labor is no disadvantage to the rich and is Indispensable ten the poor. Well-to-do parents must educate their daughters to work. No reform 13 more Imperative than this. London Gentlewoman. Dr. Price's Cream Baking Powder World's Fair Highest Medal and Dloloma.

WOMAN AND HER HOME.

THE BACHELOR C.IRL AM HER EM l'LOl jlKXT AM WAYS. To Help Mill Glrlt ne Economical Children nnI rnrrnls !lw Mir Became. Doctor Mm. Jndd'd I.auuflr Woman and Poverty. Our fathers laiew nothing of her. In the old, old days siie who would have become one under favoring conditions went into a nunnery. Later on she looked after her sisters' children or became in erudite maiden lady, much rejoicing in the conversation of sober men of learning. I? she was forced to earn her own living, she was a governess or companion, the primmest of the prim and the farthest of all on earth from the female bachelor who Is now so frequent. The female bachelor has a latchkey. That is an essential. Ühe lives alone or shares rooms with a "chum." and she goes everywhere and at any time unchaperoned. Sometimes she has money of her own and has only taken up with the new way of life owing to the backwardness of men and the absence of appreciation at home. Maybe she has a mother who is not so "advanced" as she or a sister who Is more attractive. The latter cause has driven many an elderly girl into female bachelordom. She developes a "mission," does a little public speaking and Is honorary secretary to something- or other for preference something which lias to do with the "woman problem" and the discussion of it in mixed company. Her friends have put up with it as best they can, but there is nothing particularly interesting about her to the rest of us. She laboriously wastes her hfe in elaborately worked out unfemininity and occasionally marries a professional philanthropist who suffers for the sake of what he can do with her money. With the poorer kind It is different. The fairly well educated daughter of indigent parents often takes the first steps toward female bachelordom without knowing whither they tend. An editor has generally to answer for her earliest deviations from the straight and narrow path. He prints some little twaddle of hers, and she proceeds to bombard him and his fellows with unremitting industry day and night. Perhaps three out of thirty chauee contributions get into print before she discovers that fashion reports and descriptive "pars" are hers to write if only she can get the opportunity of writing them. There is a living to be earned by thi, but it has to be attended to asfidüously and worked at manfully. She slips., into it gradually and claims a man's) "freedom" which, indeed is more or . less V necessity to her unprepossessing calling about the time when she finds Fhe is doing the work of the humbler kind of hack male journalist for aboi.t half his pay. She wants to come in and go out when he likes, or when her employers like, without having to account for her proceedings, and indeed it would be hard to deny her right to do so. She sees no reason why she should not get such solace as conies ner way, so she does not hesitate to go to the pit of a theater with some brother of the craft whom her parents know not. She will not always spurn a music hall. She smokes a cigarette after a day's toil is over (for no woman cm smoke sensibly like a man over her work), and she comforts herself for many of the unpleasantnesses of her surroundings by pretending to think that she is "living her own life." To do so more effectively she talks eagerly on subjects that used not to form any part of conversation In which women joined. She is strong on the rights of a woman to be and do anything she chooses, and her conversation is apt to be a little embarrassing to oldfashioned men. Btit she is far from meaning any harm. Society not having made up its mind to accept the working female bachelor, she gets no ladylike dissipation. She goes to many fine "functions" and gorgeous dwellings to "do" the dresses, but she is only there on sufferance. The servants regard her as a "young person," and thir betters-are a little afraid of her. Resides they are not quite sure that she is not a rather Improper young woman. "Nice" mammas in slightly lower circles cannot countenance her or permit their daughters to associate with her. Manners are contagious, and the female bachelor lets her men friends visit her at her rooms. Yet her morals are the conventional ones, and she gets no particular excitment or forbidden joy out of her defiance of the ordinary rules which regulate the conduct of well bred women. London Saturday Review. To Help Mill Girls. Shoi-ter hours .would do a great deal for mill girls. . .They would have more time for amusement, .that recognized human need, more -time .or culture to relieve the deadly monotony of their working hours and especially more 'time to learn the little arts of thrift and economy so necessary for women. Very few of them know how to sew, to make or even to mend their clothes. - Their ignorance of household matters and of cooking is dense. All this is bad enouglt for themselves as girls, but when they marry their ignorance affects husbands and children as well. Badly cooked food and a dirty house too often drive to drink and the many miseries that follow In its train. Those who teach and help the mill girls are hampered and baffled by the fact that they have no time to learn, and that the wearied body and dulled brain fall perforce into the stupor of exhaustion. If we cannot have shorter hours, give us at least the Saturday half holiday, not in summer only, but throughout the year. Much can be learned in a few hours a week, and the girls will have an opportunity to rest. "Wherever man's social opportunities have been most limited," says Miss Clare de Graffenreid, "industrial and political progress has been slowest. Wherever women and children are condemned to excessive toil, where the fatal industrial policy prevails of sacrificing humm lives to produce and accumulate wealth, intead of the broad and humane policy of using wealth to save and improve human lives, there the homes are always most miserable, their reign illiteracy, iauperIsm and vice. Each reduction in the hour3 of work, from sixteen to fourteen, from fourteen to twelve, from twelve to ten. have occasioned immediate and enormous improvement in the condition of the laboring classes. Shorter hours tend not only to provide occupation for millions of unemployed, but will stimulate production and widen our anarkets by multiplying wants. They will make education possible and conduce to a higher moral and social development in the home." Elizabeth Morris's "Mill Girl," in Lippincott's Magazine. lie Economical. A great deal of unnecessary expense may be saved in housekeeping without depriving the family of the best the market affords by a systematic course of borrowing prime articles of butter, tea, coffee, etc., from the neighbors and repaying the same in goods of an inexpensive charactM", or the act of repayment may be neglected altogether with profit for a limited period. As a general thing, ' however, It is good economy to meet one's debts of this kind In the manner that has been suggested. It is far better to pay the butcher than the doctor. Therefore, if a member of tha family fall ill, it Is clearly improvident to waste money In the employment of a physician or upon drugs and medicines. Instead rather spend the money upon prime cuts of meat and artificially raised fruits and vegetables. If the eick person cannot eat these luxuries, the well ones. Including yourself, can eat

them, so that not only is money saved, but there is a distinct and perceptible gain to you in the m Itter of diet. Cleanliness is a commendable thing in its way, but a greater saving may be effected in sop and water by less frequent washing of clothing than generally obtains, and the money saved in these articles may be spent to advantage upon diamonds and jewelry.- which, it need not be said, .are indispensable to any one who would make a g'od impression in polite society. It is poor economy to purchase any of the patented foods prescribed for roaches and water bugs. These household pets will thrive quite as well upon brrad crumbs, meat refuse and table sorts generally, and the expense is not appreciable. A great saving in coal may b? effected by allowing the fires to go out imrh-Vii-ately after a meal is prepared. This gives you an opportunity to go to your neighbors for warmth, and as your house i.s uncomfortably cold the visits you make will not be returned, and thus you economize in two ways. N. Y. News.

Cl.lldren nmt Parent. There Is nothing that fco strengthens the tie existing between children and parents as to have the latter keep young in ideas. The father and mother who drift into middle age with only a supervising interest in their boys' and girls affairs will never know the joy of soul communion they have missed by not entering personally into all the little pleasant happenings that appear perhaps trivial to them, but are of great moment to the younger generation-. There is nothing eo sad as a family In which the heads have fallen behind In those topics and events that rne children are daily studying and taking part in. The great gulf of an entire generation stretches between, and yet this need not be if from the time the first baby appears the desire is to keep young for the little one's sake. It only needs a few minutes every day given to the newspapers or some book under public discussion. It only needs a little less devotion to kitchen ari sewing, a little less absorption in the stock quotations or politics and a little more time given to dressing well, to interchange of thought and more plans for the home to be a place where thej' can enjoy themselves rather than an abode so faultlessly neat that the word "don't" intertwines Itself on every comfortable chair and in- every cozy nook and corner. Not only will the children enjoy this life more, but to the older heads and hearts the systematic endeavor to keep up with the times will act like an invigorating tonic, and they will forget that the years are speeding on, and that the babies of former days are now men and women, for in that pleasant circle where father and mother are always welcome gray hairs or furrowed brows do not Indicate age so long as a youthful heart reposes in the body. Philadelphia Times. Hnrr She Became n Doctor. My uncle left me sole heir of all his property, which the lawyer impatientiy explained would have been a considerable fortune had uncle ever demanded anything like a fair return for his services. As it was I decided to sell the little old home and come to New York to study medicine. Taking the advice of friends, I put my small patrimony out at interest in a mortgage, and then I went In for the October entrance examinations at a women's medical college. As I was eighteen years cf age. of good moral character, ar.d could get through any questions on arithmetic, grammar, geography, orthography, American history English composition and the elements of natural philosophy or rhysics, I stood entitled to serious consideration. I found then, to my joy, that what dear old uncle hid taught me of Latin and chemistry counted everything In my favor, and in order to pass without a scar I studied up for the regular college examination and entered on my three years' course of study. It has beet; no child's play, I can tell you. It's a long and hard row to hoe, is medicine, but I dare say I loved it from the first, and according to Uncle Donald's wish I most earnestly interested myself In the ills of little children. Sometimes I had a close shave to make two ends meet. I allowed myself $."r0 a year to live upon, and at the collere with everything included, the cost was 5200 a year. That didn't afford me any great margin, you can see, for pleasures or fine gowns, and It was a little hard for me when most of the students I knew had homes of their own in which they were at small expense. But I have climbed through by dint of not getting discouraged. I vanquished my examinations easily. Demorest's Magazine. Woman and Poverty It is hard to the woman of small means and luxurious tates to keep within her income and abreast with the times, but a little sound sense in the way of finding out short cuts to economy will work wonders. The woman who has learned to make a good appearance upon next to nothing becomes an object of envy to her less fortunate sisters. It is largely a question of investigation, of watching sales, of shopping properly, of making $1 buy $1 worth of goods. And only that severe teacher experience will teach all this. A woman can be dignified even if she Is poor, nor should she feel that because poverty has flung its somber cloak about her she should draw its folds still closer and hide herself from the pure sunshine of the world or the kindly friendship of her friends. Too many women are Inclined when poor to withdraw into a shell, snail fashion, and become crabbed and poverty spoiled. Poverty is not the greatest of crimes, as many suppose. There are lots of things worse than that, and wealth is not the alpha and omega of happiness. The woman of fine nature wUI accept this fact gracefully and by her example help many a disheartened woman to look on the bright side of life, to look her fiances squarely in the face and avoid laying out her money In unnecessary expenditure. By a bit of forethought a small sum of money can work wonders, as the active, fine-natured woman who has learned it all well knows. Cincinnati Enquirer. Mm. .Todd's Laundry. Mrs. Isabel Judd of Chicago, who was left a widow a few years ago without means, is making a fortune by a highclass laundry. She had been accustomed to opulence and tried in vain to turn her various accomplishments to pecuniary account before she hit upon her present business. The "Isabella laundry"- makes a specialty of doing up fine table linen, which it is hard to get well Laundered. It wasTaes and delivers thousands of napkins dally to the different Chicago clubs. It is run wholly by women, who find the pay better and the surroundings pleasanter than in a factory. Mrs. Judd takes pains to make the work-rooms comfortable and attractive. She provides a place where the women and girls can get themselves a warm lunch and has rented and tastefully furnished a flat as a home for those who have not homes of their own. No work is done after 5:30. Hence women of exMrs. Mary A. Tupper has been released, at Wilton, Me.,f rom the custody of extreme Female Weakness which kept her a prisoner in bed unable to walk.' Lydia E. rinkham't VegctableConi pound made the change. She advises all sick women to take this valuable medicine, and be thankful for their lives, as she is for hers. It costs only a dollar at any druggists, aud the result U worth millions.

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BR. R C. F

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AND H S COSOSEES 03 STAFF 0- . physiches mm 10 I The most remarkable cures r,r moderrf times 'are tho.-e p-rtorpu-d by Dr. R. C, FI. .wer of Boston ar.d his stt'fT of physi-eiaiu-. These itaff physici.'.ruü th.- c top has established in several Mars, they visiting the m re prominent -.'?-.ers at reasonable intervals. These staff physicians are the most brainy im i skilifal men of the profession, men I-re experience and in stamh ymp.:tlir wit A Dr. Flower's great werk. . Dr. II. C. Flower's staff j hy: y.ans examine the patlen:. c'.rrar.ge for tlj? treatment a:ul Fend ln.m-.i : tely 13 office a full description .f eaoh c: From tint h-i:r the piti-it is und-r tha direct treatment and care . f. Dr. FIott.tr. In this way patients . ur.aMe to conwult him personally are treate I exactly thi same as if they had clone so. Dr. Fl wtr says: "I can treat ;ttients examined by or.? of my staff physicians fu'.iy as vrelt as if I had examined them ravself." Drs. O. C. Falrhurst ar.d G. W. Van Vieck. two of Dr. It. C. Flower's tsX physicians, will be in Indianapolis, at lh ' New Deriison, Tuesday r.d Wecrusday, July 31 and Au?. 1. Itiohmond The Huntington. Thursday,,' Aug. 2. Ft. Wayne Randall house. Trilby an. Saturday, Aug. 3 and 4. No sick man or woman Fhould tall -f consult these physicians. It is the pre at est opportunity cf the Kioii man's life an opportunity to oul" dirc--tly -under the care and treatment of Dr. 11. C,, Flower without xtra examination. Ur.t d-r this system Dr. I t. C Fnu-. r has z educed his charg-s to the luv lumiinun oi from ten hi d-ll.irs p-r r.i rwh and upward, including rem .-dies, ir.straction and advice. All charges for treatment are pa"abl: in advam-e. I'pon ex ir.ii iti n th5 patient should ray the D tor tin charge for the first month's trratm- :t. r a i-rtion. o! It, the remaind er b-A:s r-il whin.' th.9 treatment received. ' A Dr. Milan IMgrfield. Ivuidon, Kay?!, "Curing worn-out nervrs Is or:v plav f-H Dr. Ii. C. Flower." The late Prof. It. V Humiston of Hoston. f..rm-rlv Ivan, the Cleveland Medical Colle-te. said: "Inj my judgement, Dr. R. C. I'iov.r-r ha cured more cases of c -.nsumr.t'.or., vane es,', tumor, paralysis, i!ieuni:it:n, IieArttrouble, nerve troubles, female d!se-ose,J kidney and liver troubles end oatarrtx than all the physicians I have eveti known. I have e.-n monstrous tumomi almost Imm-Miätely disappear under fci treatment, advance-.! cancers dry up erd' heal, the consumptive's cough stop avi.i the ruddy glow of health take the ple.ca. of the hectic flush, and the old :nau rtni child throw away their crutches ani ljRaj with joy. In a word. Dr. lt. C. FlcAverv and his staff physicians cure thouindi per year who. bat fur his treatment would die." 1 eeptional intelligence are glad to enteis her employ. The forewoman is a young American woman who us -d t be a pro-) fesslonal nurse. She says her present; work is easier, pleasant-r and nior, profitable, and It is Ivr ambition hotnV day to run a laundry of hr own. In thl' she is encouraged by Mrs. .lull, who if a warm believer in this kn I of wor.u for intelligent wonK-n thrown on their?" own resources. IJoston Woman's Journal.) Open C:tr nml I.jidic.' Droste. An elderly gentleman, and o:ie who, by the way, i? nLt at ail testy i:i Lis. tfl.sp.jv, sition, said: "I wish the ladies who rile in the summer cars would not insist on occupying' the end seats whn tli-re is pl..:uy c room in the inside of the pews." "Why not?" was o-k -d. "Well, if they don't care for thr-lr f -r.j dresses, I am sure I don't. 1 was c.m-IK-Iied to get on one of these c-t-.rs a t-ivr days ago, and my boots were nu-iy from the thin, slimy mas tliat gathers on the surface of the asphalt pawim-nts. A lady, dressed in a fine .-um.m -r Iross of tan or a mode shad-, occupied the end of the seat. She made no m-iti -n t move in toward the center of the ctr. nr.d I had to crowd by her. The f;.'ie of my boot made a mark, and a black one, too, on her nice dress. My, my, what a look' she gave me. Hut I never llinched. It was no fault of mine. If fhc had move' along her dress would not have boen soiled. As fhe didn't, she Miffered. Porji( of you literary fellers must write a böMc.' on .street car etiquette for the benefit vt. the ladies." Cincinnati Tribune. j ; . S ' Grace Dodfre'a 'Worlc. 1 What has Grace Dodge done for'thsi' factory girl in New York? Beiig a' young woman of great wealth, v.nllm Ited leisure was at her commnnrL she gave it freely to teach the wr.rklng girls how to co-operate f..r their-" common comfort and pleasure. The, have built for themselves under her (t.j spiration imposing buildings where commodious sleeping rooms, parlors, libraryclassrooms, sewing rooms and mufid rooms are at their command. Arc! i. beautiful surroundings, obtained thro'igh) their own efforta and savings, those rriris( come together evening after evenirip; for a singing lesson, a lecture, to study orto congregate In the sewing room' aridfashion a new garment and chat of th latest book or of some one cf their r?t' literarj' effort, for in the Far and Near the organ of the Working girls' associa-f tion, appear essays, poems and storiesv from members of the various clubs thati give evidence cf considerable talent-. New Orleans Times-Democrat. 1 I A Well-Pnrnlshetl Hall. If the hall gives a bad impression, Oi rest of the house will be leys likeiy ta please, be it ever so artistically furnL-fced, "When we undertake to furnish a house," said a professional decorator, "we taJoa, care that the hall shall be either a rich glow of color or a study in soft, cool tones, restful to the rye, according to lta size and locality." lr a dark, narrow. hall vermilion side walls and a warm-' yellow ceiling will produce a rich effect Hanging portieres wherever there is thaf' least excuse for them, midway across ! long, narrow hall, gives on air of coziness. Put a bit of fretwork at the top Dark oak staia makes the best floor, unless you have the real wood, whvh. It waxed, is hard to keep in good on I er. Th rugs should be Oriental in coloring, an-i as far as possible of rich, dark reds. Even in a large, square hall the furnl ture should be simple and there should, not be too much of it. Father nnd Honte. The father who plunges Into buslnerg so deeply that he has no leisure for domestic duties and pleasures, and v.hosa only intercourse with his children consists In a brief word of authority or 1 surly lamentation over thir expul sive-, ness, is equally to be pitied and to t j blamed. Money is not the only durable bequent which a father can leave, his children. Well cultivated inte!!e:t hearts sensible to domestic affection, love of parents, a taste for home pi .is. ures, habit of order, regularity ani industry, hatred of vice and a livrly sensibility of the excellence of virture are as) valuable an inheritance ts a leg.vy of I-roperty. One can be dispersed, ard tha others cannot. Hoston nnd er York (oris. Ward McAllister says if a lv-sto:i rrrl wants a new dress the first qu-.-ii. n fii asks mamma is, "Can we affor 1 it?" but the fahionable New York girl ;: ts Ice. dres3 before she a.ks any quc.-iious. i s It Is the rule of her life to le well "' s-o-J on all occasions. As another w-rk of contrast, he says the Hoston ;:'-l is a good scholar, but a poor sweetheart. which latter, of course, she 13 sure ta re. scat.