Indiana State Sentinel, Indianapolis, Marion County, 31 January 1894 — Page 9

iff? Ii iuji

I onnco q m 10 i u.uuiiy r Mil 1 1 t i rnuLO c iu id. VtVVW "7 VV'tkxV WC ESTABLISHED 1822. INDIANAPOLIS, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 31, 1891-TAVELYE PAGES. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

DYHUM Hl ß HARD.

His Ringing Speech in the Tariff "Discussion Exposing the Fallacies of Protection's Creed. Recourvts the Experience of Other Countries WITH PROTECTION RUN MAD The XJniied States May Profit by Europe's Example, Or Continue in Sin and Repent at Leisure, Restriction Cannot Develop a He nie Market. tt'h llcnetici:'. ric ft the ?-ltciiie ecr atlfle.l with In- Kclurn liicli It f'lves Them The Mory of lhi llrItI of (iront llrltMln'n Tnnle After futtiii; lo.is from tlio Artifir-Ial ( mtiltlon Which IlrM I llrr Conmerer Tin Duty of ihr DpihikthIIi1 Re prese n Inf ! ri in t iinsro. rrm.At; of Tin: skntinku WASHINGTON. !. C Jan. 21. V.nsrrjvPinj :i Hi ir.im S"crrd th iVerfcaturday for :- iv.e tim and delivered .:i cf th :. -t ': ibl -.vs vv.vl during th tariff lob it Th I:-;- of Iiis argument was th ii pivi ti -:i had ruin 1 every eountrv that Vt 1 pr.vtk .i it. HU'l-nU f t.ui'L T.-T '- a w i'.I tin. I fresh ii rgnini'-r! U in Mr. F.iium's tih. It Js highly j-pik-n if 1 y both sides ati-J i,s as f .Hows : r. I'nt?-n' Spen-h. Mr. Ci.airm ,o It v ,;' 1 in that in the r" le.ss uf p. :.:t. l--.lt- a- v l! ax ill the l;vs of u- !iId aN ti, i are p.-riod.- v. h n ft ! mes r v .-. try t L i.t and take a t-urvey th. ....-.r-e t r: !?. an 1 a ucr rlain if J .. 1 1 :. !." ! .-Uiiati'-n to which it J-....-. What-a.r ii iv I .;: iw s a to the CmiS-i w -!!.- I r ' i ' t a bo at th pr---t:;t !:!;:!. .-v. 1 ,.f affair-, at H will ti-lmit that a ; : of no in i'.ii-.rV;: .i pro-p.-rtion Ii is i . . ,t re i hd. and that th fvc. isio.i ! N at; 1 .-heuid rfi.' our fcig.st a':.l I t : .- i--. The !-l condition of t i-.i iiii.--.rv. t f. a-tiata-l dum:, .i.i ti .i i.i the i.v. ii j- .- of ih f oveniriuül. I :n y it. "1 t!. it.it j.i.i.'s t i'Mr.ii i.:.-" hv .-'.'i'.'r .i-v ia i ho Viluc of f,r j.m ii,,- r.-s-ii.t of t! " - VJijaac (i !:.- t .!'.-. on" .a. a.- Ui ite aivi thorough c-ä l.'rati. n. What Sias h ! th'? of ; 1 thi? Why iA it. rv.tn s.U of our tr.at roiMirc-; with h roMi-.try rich ia jaia' ral-. f ttii.' in healthful an 1 if.viir-THtir. ia -linial.-; In th lT:Mif f o-0': I r- friul "tii iif. an l with ai ;Si !.ai '.j - a - ry h.aii-i. that in ill :!.. ,:." (.t..: a-, ah! anl aaxiati t' t-arri n', l .-t t h f I r.-a.i oy h.ao st t1 M. tr r"W !-:r,-r ;. tli - r.-:t ir.ia r -tn 1 r.Td m tnu'' i . "; itr i.t'-r s .t" th catni ry V'V th hntt i :;tiivV f-w tni.- Si4 i wo may. :i'i' ' oli.itt it t aay other thHii th r a.'s cf o;;r ov.ti ii.i.-tak. s til l air o ll f'ala Tho1 wiiu nr- tinn'.-niiis ".-r n iiiiatmtln ail f.--rj. tiaiti-.n of ft' rr it -ni-ini'-al ssl in tay it i th- a!t of th tnc-rtKi"ity wni'h h:ns5 -r too i-olus-trl.-H t ti.-? country; that if v. v... i' 1 ...nly 4," I ) iia.'ii'" the !u"ti.n of a r visvai of ttv? tariff ftil would w "II in a li ! f Flc; of tt-ii". T;.M ti'.ra":it i- 5" aliHarl oi'.'n it -i that I woaM not ilivniiy it with an answer were it u t that a 1 ''ial disc'.-,i.,a of the f-:taati"U re-iuirvs aa .-i-rta'.aiiO r t of tt:o ral o.ius. t'an it h t'OsviMv" that a more a cs.Ji'n cf the detnucratie farty to i"tvr ia all th fi' rnft r-;'-r.Ls of th'- irveriimt-nt. upon th prof".,;. . of print ipl'-s iitI-t which the civtlizl p'.i.ple ..f every country In the Tvorlä. which has praotiel th tii. liiclu.lin vur pel ', h:-j accitnulatM w. aith and attial a T.irihr il-r of prosperity, has lta'l the rffect, la short ft space of tlni, to convert a rroi-i.';T0U3 pet'jil iäto a hlpl"9s anl dT'endtnt suit? Js it not mors -reJttahl'3 that the rr;-it dlf-axter which has cra upon us i.s tic- 'ikrmth of a false system of evonotny, which, with all ,f -(.ur matchhsH resources, we iiav hen inabl longer tr ptan.l? Will iit f jturc fr-nratiop whfn they look hack to our itms t draw lpns of wisioni to guiJe tl..ai in the direction In which tny shoall f. . rather nFcrib oir rpver o our follies nna-l of to our far? Ar the a.1vxates of a rstrictivm policy ready to confsa that notwithstanding our unparreso'irc?, thirty yars of protection las fallM to effahlish oar industrl upon a lovmdatlon KurliC ntly tirm to vithatand vn r proposition looking to a con3er'atlve modiflcaUoti of its ptructure? rium of he Jlfprfmlon. In the brief time I haJl occupy I shall ::.3,'rtaJce to demonstrate that thA pres.-nt dpr3s!on is rot. h rcyalt of agitation by the friends of tariff reform, hut th" natura.1 Outgrowth of a 1 ns period of excessive rstriction upon trad and commerce. lurJru the la:-t twrtv years anl nioro w have a a nation njovod uninterruplfvl I'eace and hn Mrl. without intnuisfch"n. with abundant harvests. If evfl" th influence and eporation of a protcu tariff rould have hroucht walt!i and h.apfj'.ncsrt to a pcopl or. iuca.urahly, lav proscrvM thf sani from desfruction .y the insrr'-r- of injurious competition, most a.surc!ly the twenty y;.rs nhonid have b-n year of unnitrruppvl prosperity. Have they hon? 1 rhalleiire to idvoratf f.f pftcti.ii to point. t a pcri.l of Iik duration 1a th history of this or any other eountrv durine which thtre ha N?n v many dretsion.-s, inch Morions conrilctg letvv?cn err.ployvrs nnJ employes, more factori'-s close., or a greater mjml r cf eomraercial fail arcs rconit-.L FVoin ISTI to l'si, inciu-tv- the u imh.-r of failure fa" 71. '7. with haV.iliti.ij an?recatinK Jl.W.Jia.MT. Taurine tu period there was such a panlys!H in trad. tro cfinHiircial lntrf- of the rottr.fry hc-cani &j prostrate, that th s-nt;mcnt in favor of a redaction of .pities h--c;;ine formida.hl as to rratly alarm the fri-nd.- of th rrotective y'stf-m. To allay this demand they f.r.enly altiilttl that the tariff was too hijeh. Kiaiht t' ho revix-l. tut that it should l-c dcue j it.- fria'!.- aad n i by its enemies. Tha tariff oommU.-lon of ir;m the rillf, althotinh ompo'-ed of those fav-.r-j.hlto the majntenance of the hisrhst pos-f-ibie rates, they stated in their report that then ejstiinr rates were rilili.u.,y hli;h and t.iiirht to he ri,!ce,l nr -nt " 2'i per .tit. Tii hill rc.ortcd hy th comnusion. )iowver, was not ep.actel. The prot.-i. )ntr.ta had acu1r-d tx firm a frip to thin easily shakn off. They f not t'in f.ll h country with jrop!iecif of th frightful ruin that would purely- f..ow a reduction of tt,e tariff. They did not thn threaten thir mploycH with a lo (f employmenf or a r"luction of wage hy p.mrIiik notices in their etahli.shmnt. whip rircnlatlns amoim't thetr optrativs petitions to conre-s to stoi agitation of the Qi)wtion. T)jv did not then claim tht the prostration which had affectM trale ar.d commerce and extinguished the firos jn the mills and furnaces hs the results of tin. certainty, and that all that was ne-essry for a ret oration of good times was f,r cionyrova t. dclare its intention to Jet them alone. They ahidod their tini. and when th" opportunity came they went hefore the -.nf'-rence cotninitte of the two Iwusei, rrev. ie,t their schedules, whicn

wore practically adopted, and hy this moans 5tulthily accomplished an increase which could not otherwise have he,-n done. Hail for the Consumer. With a still more firm srasp upon the consumers of the countrVt they assorted that wages would he increased and a home market estahlished for the surplus products of our farms. They were boastful that the act of would restore prosperity to every branch of trade anl to every line of industry. What was th result under this act? From 13 to 100 we were constantly on the Yen,' of a financial crash. Th- secretary of the treasury was continually forced to purchaFe bonds and prepay interest to check the alarm. With all however that could he done, we had the stringency of 1n::. the panics of lvsl and of ts'.v. The numUT of fjiiuns during this pcriod. including' th years 1SV and :;- eld fsJ.'KK.', with liabilities more than $1 i n). im. The failures, which niimherod fi.lM In lb2, arose to ?.l4 In l!vl. and h"7 in ls. with liabiliti-s apKro7ratln- JitO.iC.t.,l"d. Xot since the revision cf 1-St went Into effect hs the number of failure fallen Iwlow 9.iKt in a sin?! year. During this reriod th con.licts between employers and employes increased until riots and bloodshed became so numerous a to excite but little interest except in the most extreme cases. luuim? the years Ivo. is, pnd lr. we had -,!'77 strikes in 17.271 establishments, embracing l.iX'.O.Oll employes. Th? numlr of strikes increased from 471, affecting Hft.'-M employes in IüM, to 1.411, aftectincr 41.41 emidoyts in l.v;. Durtnp the years 12 to 1 Inclusive, lockouts occurred in .."11 establishments, affectlns: 17."..27') employs. The i-stitnated was; loss: to emploj es i.y reason f strikt s and lockouts d irinir these six voiis as:-:te-gated ?".f.07J. t '. Notw ithstandimr this frithtful record of destruction and ruin, the sidvocit' S of protection wer not yet satNtie l. Th' ir theories of en la ruin r markets and etendirr tradA by restrictions and prohibitions must h slven a si ill strong r test, and they forced upon the country the act of p'i; and of all th crimes that were cvt perpetrate! apainst th piosperity nnd elfare of a people in th name of protection, this last was the most KUantie. I'nder the operation of th! act th nunirer of failures arose fr,,n i-7. with i'abi:itls a me it trptin? fl.(C.?..ri' I. in P'"1. to 1-.J7'!. with liahiliiies asr'att!-.c ?1Vi,m;s.in l'.d. and th eonilh-ts b-iween employers and emplojes., which had heretofore culminated only in combats and r'.ots. became battles between great forces armM with rirl and cannon. The number of failures in w: was P'.27' while in i!v; 1t reaehfl th m'iximuio hiirtit. ir..".i wi'h lial ilitie avreüatin asacaiust assets ; moon t inc; to JJ"2.' v.inA in no ountry I r.s there been yuch a ilit urh. ! and unsettled condition as we liave lad. W have reached a point whn idiene.-s has hecoruo so common tht th fnts of the tramp are considered laudable avocations. It Js eetinipt-fl that within th eiths of Xw York. Chicago. riiilail!ph.ia, Cincinnati, Ttoston and I'ittsliurir thr nr.- at the j. resent time m r than .,0 honest and lnd'.'strlous men unal to secur em- ; l .ynont lin; supported by charity. Tiir.Hii.hout th ooun'ry, it is sife to s.y that th ranks of th uuemHoved have lt n increased mer than a mil.i. n. Th'' l;t republican rolmiv.i-'tr.tiion. v.'hich r erf. .rnie-l the !;".:il at v-. !:i"i brought r'Mn t th whole country, were baiiy abl. -:i ).y ttu ..vervl-.e!üii:u. a-'-istane ot the ...pt.l... Pi etap from th t'Ut'tin strti'tur which t!v ha 1 und, rmine.1 b-f-rc the cra-h :". and yet they have th nn-peakaile . ffr--nt-rv to point to th r-uns ;.nl cyclaim. "V- h.'M tl. it- uits of den. .01 at i -i a-. n h n y!" A liet roj el ion. Mr. t ': tini.an. a inet L'l.ncc at 1h bisp-ry cf the l..t twenty y.-ars is S'i;ii-Ci.-Ilt lo Ci.tlVUlce lll'V 11 i 1 1 re j';. licl Il'.u.d tll.lt o.i- i:v.!i..-' t i s were at no tin: i:i a sound .ml li. khy crt.J.t : ,i: thit tr;:.l w.us alT'ict.-d with ,ah sp.i cf pa :t-;. .n at.d i-eistructi .n j.s t... .. -tr. y ell i-. . i -ah! ialeuiati'-n-i and t.-l-:. ;! 1. dealer to the j-t.sr.e f th iambi!-. i'.-I'l-f--'""" Iii! tet, u;.' -., tai'l!t ; s to be amh-inau-l Iv it i: , (,.,.i ha l.-c"m th i::c-.tiv t sp-'cula;; ,-rs to a jrr. at. r ext. iit ll.ii t!. pr..i'.ts ot" 1 -'itima le trad. Ti- admissi-ms wh'ch protection's.,, n,.,k in th-ir i-n.Jeavor.s to s. ap re-.j,n-ii.i;ity i-- a tor:d m nation of th' .e own j .r, ,.', .j-

si-ns to admit that Ih.irty y ars of pfteeth. n, und. r th n,. st lav a - I '1: I: a., I ;il -d t plar t oi.r i'i i i.rii. s i ;, f-iin lai ion s'lthcieii t !y (ira to nab." them o w ltli.-lai.d th tust siirf ).. ..: t.. .pillar disapproval Is to admit th..t I !c -r structure was faulty an I th ir .itchit' t t a prtell Jr., That th propo.-1 pj..;,, ,v b.,s j s.,n. dr-e int. r-ri'-.l our pi..s'iai . -uiditi..:.. as dtl ctiant.es taust, no ..n will vei-is v ; but it is only sieh a- that pio.lud 1 ' v thi; S'ifi--.-.'U'.s ki i! in th p- I '.!!; a I ice a skillful op.iati.ei ii'd'ssrv t. pres. rv th life ,, ;l p;..p.pt. T,:.,t the .listi-.s which Iocs ov-rt. i k a us fi.ai ;ini" P time, and which now pi.--: ; so h.-avily upon th J-reat int rs of pro'iurti-.n. ar t!. direct r. -n'-s of a Jo' p rlod of --ssie I'l-oteelloli, 1 hale lied the slightest doubt. It is difli.-u!. to compr. l.en l how a theory so at war with e. ry natural I iw has secured so many advocates and taken such a firm hold upon the minds of so maiiv who have b--n Its victims. It has no foundation in n-acn unless it bo that restraint Kivtis frefulom; that restrictions upon tra.le eniaj-ijo th markt; that supj.lv r- Kulates demand; that th manufacturer can pay hither wues because h sells at lower price; that the producer tan forever T(..-kt at the expense of the consumer; that weal'h can 1 ir,atel more easily by lruiiitlon than by toil, and that a people can tax t hcm-el -s rich. l'rot-tif.n in aJI a;cs and in all countries where it has found a lioni f,,r any extended period, has brought depressions to business. rduced wahres, deprived labor of employment, paralyzed and bankrupted indusules. concentrated wealth in the hands of the few and rf1ueed the err'-at mass of the people to a, state of dependency. tirrnt Tlritnln's Ki perlene-. The theory of proieethin Wis never .civ-n a better test than by Croat IPitaiu. Iur1ner th many wars in which her people hnd beeu on priced tip to lsil, the necessity for rewinds hid forced her to the adoption of the most oppressive sstm of taxation; and from that time tip to VMJ 5he was under the Influences of a protective system, by thr side of which .urs. .pprcs;dve as It i -. pales into tnslxniitean' . lietwefn the years lT'ü and lSli rr,nr than V) customs a-t3 were passed. Th whole number passed previously to th acc.-iou r.f Soors. Ill was "": and durinsr the first tifly-tht-e ars of hi. rei-n l," additional acts were passed. lr. Xoble. in his History of the J- i.-.-al Legislation of Sreat I.ritain," tells us that taxes bcame so numerous that nothine: was left untaxed: even premiums upon fr .-h subjects for taxation failing at I. ist to stimulate invention and prod 'ice a fresh lax. Not only was the protective system put into full operation for the benefit of th iiiofh'-r country, but hy a system of discriiTiiuatintr duties, th pr-lucts of othr pov-rnment3 binc charRd hlcher rates or prohibited absolutely, she endeavored to favor tha development of the trade of her colonies to the detriment f that of th. ba.la.nc of the world. This policy was pursued, as we have pursued it for thirty years, until th revenu-s of th govemmeiit were Insufficient to meet the exponlitnres; until her Industrie were no lone.-r able to piv emphiyment to Ikt laUmrs, and 'intil the bitter experiences of th fdtuatinn dr.jve a parliament and a ministry honen to maintain and uthold the Kvstem to lay thir bands upon It and tear it down. Mr. Noble, in describing the condition which prevailed, says: "Th influence .f the tin. sound and restrictive policy pursucl for so many ers uion national prosperity cannot b "more forcibly cxemplirli than y th statistics of our foreign commerce from 1.VH to 1M'. In th" ten years ending I S . the average annual exports were ie.7T7.7i; In the next tn years, J U to IS'jn, they were f 11.4-4, t;i ; from ll to IS.), the annual .ivrai; fell to t :..V.7,C:S. "Inirintr the next b-cennary period a series of importanat omiuercial reforms were carried throueh parliament hy the late I,ord Sydenham. Iutiei aff-Ttin? more than seven hundro! ai th les of imiortation were modi!ii. and th duty on 'retich win-s were reduced to a level With thut. levied upon wines from other countries. The result was an Incren.M-d exjMjrt trad: the average value of P.ritlsh produce and manufacture vnt abrr-al during that period txdng 4.".i:44.i.7, the average o' the iat fiv years of the series loinif tö3,ü.7.sti-:. The alteration In the wine duties alone incre;uaed our oxiorts to France from 17"... at which they stood In lS'.'j, t. -'.378.1 0 in IM'J. It is a striking fact that the annual average exports to European nations were less durlnjr th five years ending Is.: by .0 per cent, than they w-te during the five years following inj tennlnatlon uf tha

?var. Puch were the results of a sy?em mended by Its upholders to foster mm promote Uritih manufactures. 'lt is, however, utterly impossible to conVCV. hv mere sfatlsti. j rf our evn rt anvr

ade mate picture of the condition of the ! nation when Sir Robert r-el took office In istl. l!very interest in the country was alike depressed; In the manufacturing districts mills and workshops were closed, and property dally depneclated In values in the seaports shipping was laid tip xiselss in harbor; agricultural laborers were -k!n out a miserable existence upon starvation wages and parochial relief; the revenue was insu'Melont to meet the national expenditure; the country was broueht to th very vfrge of national and universal bankruptcy." The paralh-1 de.es not stop here. Con-tinuins-, h says: "The condition of the operatives) in every district was most appalling. It was proved that in Molton üu families, consisting of 1.4"i individuals, had a total incom of oniy tlijo per week, or, deducting rents, lj lis, which was only equal to 141iii per had per week. Out of :.2ta houses A'K) were empty; l.tjoo were tenantol by families having only 11 per week to live upon, and the remainder hy families who Incomes ware not more than i!s or 2s id per week. Of these poor people l.o'tl had only bed among them, Lvz sleep'ng three in a bed. lv five in a bed. 7S six in a bed. and 42 seven in a bed. In Stockport, one out of every five houses was untenanted, and half of thise occupied were not paylntr rnt. In Paisley i heads of families were out of employment, and 1. '-' looms were Idle. In the "district of Manchester S.n persons were living on läd each per week, and thousands of work people were wandering through the streets In search of employment. Py cutting off our f -reign trai the operatives were deprived of employment, and hence the home trade suffered through their Inability to purchase even the eor.uiioiu.st necessities. "This lamentable condition of affairs was rot comined to on di.-Urict, but spread throughout th kingdom; not among Hi w'orking class, s only, but among the middle and highr class. also. Pankruptcy and insolvency were remarkably frequent. Th distress which deprived tradesmen of tin lr enstomer at the same time increased their dirlicuities by the high poor rates w hich it r u lore.! lndtspcnsibl. In some of the agricultural diftricts estates were given up by me owners to the parish bec.ius th rats exceeded the rents. It was estimated that half the mills in Iancashire were closed, end that th fixed capital of that c anity had d. prcciated fully .V per cent. Moreover, ther were no signs of improvement, for during the parliamentary recess the distress became learfully ..nd extensively aggravated. "The prouctlvc system, which w;,s piioportol with the view of nnlerir.g this country independent of foreign sources of supply, and thus, it was hoped, fostering th growth of a heme trade, had most o-T. ctualy destroyed that trade by reducing the entire population to beggary, destitution and wnni. The masses of the population wa re unable to procure food, and had consequently n othlag. to spend upon Pritish inanufuctu tvs." Mny Profit hy It. The disasters which ovt rtock the people of Gr, at Pi-tain are rapidly creeping; upon us if they are not already here. Pan we not l.-arn wisdom lroni the experience of other nations. Protection, vhi' it may siiimiuit the production of n.-w article at an earlier period than they would otherwise coma in the natural growth and progress of the country, by tempting capital with exv.sive protUs, and Ilms apparently Increase mi'l iliversify the industries of the same, will, if continued for an unwarranted period or r.iis.-d to an unlimited hi-ht. direct apit.il from natural into artificial ohan-n-is, invito an xess of laUr Into manufacturing tntrs. i.nl thus stimulate an oversuppiy to litttup'-d ui'oii th market at ruinous prices. Such a condition will inevitably rcs.i.t in the cksi:i.ir of nulls th idl.P'-.-s of op.ra tiv'.s with all th. a: tend in k e lis .vl.'eii uiut nec's- rl !y f l -io.. Tin.- effect s of exevssiv? duties were l'fiihly !-..; i i'.H-d 1 y the m.-mbers f th t n i a' co um o-sj .ti in tii. ir iep.rt in Iv., ii which t.'uy said: l...ii in is d'Uocirt ; ions th- commi.soti 1 . i. l. . c nvmced thai a substantial r-'l-ic'i.-tn of tariff .i.jt.es Is demanded, not by ;; tii'Tf indls rinim ite popular clamor, I id t.y to,- t..-.,i (.-onset v at iv opinion of the country, including that which has in former tim-s b n most s;r,-iuious for the pr-'-ervation of our national industrial d. feti Sa.h a. i.-!iict;.m of th existing tari f toe eomni:s.,-,.n regards let only as a du t'ecogniijoti of public sentiment and a Ilif.lMltv id JiStK t' Cot, s;;mers, but o-i. diduciv to the t.-ii-ral industrial pi-..--., i it v. aid which, though it may be temporarily ipo'iivninit, will b ul-.imat. ly b. -ii. lici.il i . the special interests affected I s sat n r.lii-iio:i. No rat.-. of df.-nsiv-dati'.s. . M-.-pt p.r th esubiishm nt of lew industries, which, more than equalize th ( itido i.i.s of labor and capital with t'nos.. i f foiei-iu competitors, can be justi-li-d. "Kcesiv diti'S or those above such standard .f c-; an Ir.a t hn are po.sitivtly injurious to the interests which thty are supposed to l. n tit. 'J h'-y eneourai: the in e.-ttnent of capital in manufa-t uring -n-t--rpri.ss by rasli and unskilled tpect.lators. to be f 'lh.v.id by disaster to th adventurers and their employes, and a plethora of commodities which cicranges the Operation of skiili-1 and prudent enterprise. Numerous examples of such disasters and derangements occurred during and shortly alter the excessively protective period of the late war, when tariff duties were enhanced by the rates of foreign exchange anl premiums upon gold. Excessive duties genet ally or exceptionally hlah duties in p.trth ular cases discredit our whole rational economic system and furnish plausible arguments for its complete subversion. Th'y srve to increase uncertainty on the part of industrial enterprise, whether it Shall enlarge or contract its operations and take from commerce a rs wt II as production tlio s-n.s of stability required lor extended undertakings." Mr. Chairman, it is pot credital.il to the sincerity or honesty of those who described so dearly ten years ao the evil results of excessive luties that they are now unbtHled in their denunciations of a measure -qually ar conservative in many of its provisions as the one which they proposed. Protection, as I have said, is Inconsistent with every experience and ever law of legitimate production and exchange. Its friends and advocates, however, insist that it preserves and develops the home market, and thus returns rrotits to and enriches th'.w who submit to Us exactions. The home market ih'-ory has been answered so completely by t-o many of the ablest writers and debaters on the subject that it would seem to be a work of arrogation upon my part to a.ccume to offer anything new or additional upon the point. One of the fallacies. The favorite, argument In support of this theory Is that our production have immeasurably Increased; that the cost of production ba Ien dimished. and that our fore' en trad has grown beyond proportions! under the protective policy. To th casual reasoner this argument may be saii-f;tctot-y ; not only satisfactory but accepted as unanswerable, and yet but a moment's 't.-flectlon as to the real condition of our trade and commerce durinp this grow'h and development will convince the most Incredulous mind that they hav; been greatly impeded In their progress and circumscribed in their beneficial r'sult3. Thi growth ha not ben healthful it has not been accompanied by general prosperity. The gret fallacy one that Is akin to a crime is that a market can be enlarged at the expense of consumption that supply may 1 Increased while the demand Is destroved. Instead of developing a home market, restrictions will inevitably destroy it. They have destroyed it not only at home but all over the world, and that Is tho cause of the universal distress that preails everywhere today. The great body of consumer.?, tha wane-workers of the eountrv. hive bn hampered wdth restrictions that have impeded their efforts and burdened them with taxes upon their materials and upon their consumption until they can no longer bear up under the load. They have been crushed, and with them the market which deprr.ds uron their prosperity. There has been production, an accumulation of wealth in the country', but w ho has It? Taxation in every form Is a burden and can never become an all to an industry except at th expense of those engaged In more profitable pursuits. The fathers of protection in this country never dreamed that they were so wing; heeds of a doctrine that would take such deep root and prow to such rank proportions. Thev believed that in this country, separated bv the wide ocean from the Industries of Purope, that a duty sufficient to divert capital from the more nrotltablo pursuits to the business of manufacturing, until thev were established, was a part of wisdom, but that was all. They overlooked the Important truth that protection begins bv involvlug a Fniall interest Which is constantly increased and becomes more clamorous. Unaeloux, and powerful. Itwa here, as in all other countries, durtnff a

war, that the system acquired such a firm hold as to render it almost impossible to shake it off. The tenacity with which it clings to the backs of its victims ar.d the vigor with which it npurs them on to gather more lucious fruit. to satisfy its rapacitv surpasse that of, the llttl old man whom fcjinbad took upon his back to carry across the stream. Its beneficiaries are never satisfied with Its returns. The very silence with which its victims contribute their earnings to swell their dividend only sharpens their appitite for more. Having pecured protection from competition outflde. they proceed to form combinations within, to limit the output and increase prices, nnd thereby extort from the consumer his all. He who does not see in ail this the gathering of the clouds and bear the rumbling of the approaching storm must Indeed be both daf and blind. Is the wealth In the po5sslon of thore whose lalor produced It, or has It passed Into the hands of other, to augment their power and increase their influence? It is estimated by reliable statisticians that today 2nrt persons are worth 2).OO.0' each, that 400 ore worth $1A0".cjyj ach. that 400 are worth y7.0o0.0i"i0 each, that 1.0 at" worth C.'XjQOOO each, that 2.0 are worth 2..V0,000 each, that 6.0no are worth n.0.f'"0 each, and that 15.10 are worth S&'jO.Oi'O each, aggregating over f i. .s.xi.X 0. In brief. 2. LOO people out of 7,W,tv) have possession of the bulk of the wealth of the country. It is a rtriklng commentary that thirty years under a syFtcm professedly In the interest of the wage-workers of the country, while wealth has been piled mountain high by a few, the workmen's accumulations have not been sufficient to protect them. In the midst of peace and plenty, against the blasts of one winter. Had Reached Protection' Limit. When Great Britain in IslO found her Industries langul.shir g. hr labor idle, her treasury empty, and her subjects of taxation exhausted, sh had reached the ltoundarles of proti-otion. the limit to which we are fast approaching, and was forced by sheer exhaustion to retrace her steps to restore her prosp rity. The lirst decisive step in this direction was the appointment of a committee on import duties. The investigation made by that committee wa.s complete and unanswerable. The testimony-elicited from tha witnesses examined was conclusive. "It. was proved." says Mr. Noble, "that our protected manufactures were precisely those moFt subject to serious fluctuations, and that the f-ystem led to the employment of British capital abroad, tens reducing alike the w-ages cf labor and profits of capital." The very same results have follow-.! from the effects of our own laws, filler the present law a number of American manufacturers have established plants abroad, where the different parts or pieces of article are made complete with foreign labor und imported Into this country, and only the work of adjusting and finishing d me here. Thus the very system which was intended to foster the establishments of plants at home has forcd them abroad. Mr. Chairman, a brief history cf the commercial liberation of Oreat Pritain discloses sj many evldenc-s of the absurdity cf protection that I doubt if th most biased protectionist could scan them .without becoming fully convinced of the errors of his judgment. The reform movement ther as h-r was opposed by the protected interests at every step of its progress. They raided the alarm at every 'ffort to lower duti'S. Their lalor was threatened with a --eduction of wages and with a loss of r-moloy-ment, and the already helpless condition of the work people rndend their pleading touching in th extreme and their ipp'-i'. almost irresistib'. Her agrioioturalisis. realizing nearly double the prices in othr countries for their poduets by reason of the protection afiorded them, notwithstanding the sufr-ring and death from famine, united against a reduction of duties, cialming; that if their in bisliy wis destroyed by the cheap product ion S rmanv and the fnite-i States tii- Cjuatry world be r.,'ned. They stood side by side with th tmrnif.icturers in the b'i f thru a reducti.11 of duties wouid destroy th- 1.1. They wer blind to the tact, as hie protectionist of our own country "em to be, that they had destroyed the horn market so cou.pli t.-lv by restrictions that prosperity couil not be revived except by strikine,- thj shackles front tnoj and r- pT.-rc.

The povirnniei.t had a uty of Ci upon cofiee coining iroin tiy of th possession as against lsil on that from foivimi po-ts. The effect wan to force shipments from foreign countries to the neatest colonial port, from whence a resiii) ment would bo made. Mr. Mctlr.-gor cited th fact that although no coffee was produced at the Cape of t'ool Hope, liity-s v. n out of every one hundred pounds that wer imported from israzil to Kn gland was carried in the lirst ins'ane to that pott, ftid even from her own ports foreign coa e was tran-ported to be reimported. I.Ike all other governments with restraints upon trade, she endeavored to obtain relief by comnierci.il treaties with other governments. She sent commissions to France, Pclgium, Italy. Switzerland, Germany and to the east. They were at once confronte! with the s;atemnt that the duties of their own government were prohibitory, and hence It was upon thir ret urn that they began a reformation, not of a retaliatory character, but in th interest of their own people broad, liberal, and free. KntvliiDd'a Trndf ItoTle-. From this time forward the industries of Kngland took on new life; her work people began to find steady employment; the repeal of the corn laws gave to her labor cheaper food, Hiid they began to cope with France and Germany for the trade of other nations. The revival of trade enabled the working- people to again become consumers of the products of agriculture, and the farmers, who thought they would be ruined by free trade realized that with a return of prosperity came a healthy' market for their products and a reduction of burdens fo-- the support of the poor that placed them in a far better condition. A careful inquiry will show that the most successful industries have been established without protection. When the Pritish commissioners were Investigating the condition of other countries they found that of all the states which composed the German empire, in Saxony, where trade had been freest, notwithstanding ehe had no ports of her, own, was far removed from the markets of raw materials, had neither ships nor colonies, and not a very considerable amount of capital, had comparatively outstripped all competitors. A ormparl.son was made by the German government in JSSl of Sajtony with Franoe, showed that in pepulat Ion she was as 1 to 21; In spinning manufactures Fhe wa as I to 2.6: In looms, a. 1 to 3.1. and in stocking frames she wa.s considerably more than France herself: had eight times more of Fplnnlr.r manufactures in proportion to population; six times mure loom and twentv-nlne times more stocking frames. Switzerland, with like advantages, although her people were so disturbed by the French war that it was impossible to establish manufactures until 1M4. with absolute freedom of trade, established the cotton industry and became a competitor with other nations in the United State and Prazll. The chairman of the committee, in his very able report on the pending measure, calls attention t the fact that "When the proposal was made to impose the protective tariff of 1R1. the leading manufacturers of Rhode Island, amongst whom was Mr. Slater, the father of cotton spinning in this country, met at the counting room of one of their number and after deliberate consultation came unanimously to the eonclus'on that they had rather be lt alone; their business had grown up naturally and succeeded well, pjid they felt confident of it contlnud protspeiity if let alone by the government." Mr. Hamilton, In his report on manufactures in 17W. recommended that the duty of 3 cents a pound on raw cotton be repealed, as it was a serious impediment to the pregres of those manufactories. Continuing, he said: "Manufactories of cothm goods not longsince established at Beverly, in Massachusetts, and at Providence, in th state of Rhode Island, and conducted with a perseverance corresponding with the motive which bKn them, seem to have overcome the t1rst e-bslacles to Hitooess, producing corduroys, velvets. fustians, jeajis. and other similar article. Of a. quality which will bear a comparison with like articles from Manchester." if. with imixjrted materials taxed at 3 cent a .pound, the otton manufacturers a century ago were able to establish plants In this country under a protection of 7'i per cent., what claims nave they now, with an abundance of material at their doors, to a protection of more than SO to 40 per cent.? Has not protection run mad when these manufacturers join in the general cry of destruction to our industries? Spain's Experience. In the testimony -taken by the Hume committee Mr. Howring said that Spain had pushed the protective system to Its fullest extent and that there was no country whose commerce and whose manufacture had tuffered so much. The only parts where there had been anything like general

prosperity was in the Plscayan provinces, m which the prohibitory custom house had rot been introduced. In those provinces the value of property was much greater, wealth more generally distributed, and the character of the people more elevated than in any other part of the country. The most convincing Illustration of the uttr failure of protection to give stability and prosperity to manufacturing industries Is that aiforojed in the cotton and silk industries of Kngland and France. France protected her cotton, while Kngland protected her silk. The silk Industry in Kngland up to lit? was protected by an absolute prohibition on imports. The industry, notwithstanding, was the most precarious in all her borders. The manufactures at Spital fields, the center of the industry, were in a deplorable condition. "A fatalitv" Said Mr. leaf. a London merchant 'Vppered to attend Spitalrields during the prohibition. Pp to the period of or 1ST. every two or three years there were periods of very severe distress in the winter and subscriptions were raised In the city for the rurpoee of relieving the distress; for the purpose of .establishing soup committees and giving soup to the poor." When it was proposed to remove the prohibition on the importation of silks the manufacturers and operatives of Spitalfelds protested that they would be ruined; that they were already barely able to exist, and that if the products of the French manufactories were permitted to come in they would be crushed. What was the result? From the very moment the prohibition was re-moved the Filk Industry of Kngland sprang up with leap and Iwunds. Not only wss there a restoration of prosperity in Spitalfiel.ls us permanent as in other section of the country, but the silk manufactures increased in Manchester. Macclesfield. Congleton. Coventry, Glaspow and Pallsey. From a perishing- condition it not only cMsed to be a mendicant, begging for alms, but became a healthy and vigorous aid In the restoration of general prosperity. The exports of silk manufactures to the Fuited States rose from tClll In I;? to f.".;',7.'do in ivir.. and from IJ.V'.IU to :-"-7.i:S to all the world. France had pursued a liberal policy to-w-srd the manufacturer of silk. While silk goods were admitted at duties from I:', to 15 per cent., cotton goods were excluded, yt so sound and healthy did the silk industry heoome that the manufacturers of that country were able to export four-fifth of their entire output. In com.pirinc the cotton industries of Kngland with those of France, Mr. Powring said: "You may take, for instance, two of the most extensive manufactures, the cotton trade of Kngland. and compare it with the cotton trade of Prance, it is known that the cotton trade of Kngland is the leuM protected of our trades: that it was In fact a persecute.! trade In Its origin: that taxation was levied upon cotton poods In the interest of th". woolen trade: that cotton manufacturers have been throughout the advocates of free trade, yet the development of that trade In Kngland is perfectly unexampled. In France the cotton trade Is th most protected of trades; it was protected from Its origin; It is only within a few years that th? finest numbers of cotton twist have been admitted Into FraiK-e; there Is an absolute prohibition on all articles of cottrm manufacture except the very hlch numbers of cotton twist, which are uy.-d for making lace. "'The otter, tra 1e ha- mad v-ry small progress In France compared with the cotton tra le in Kngland. The state e the cotton !: borvrs is frequently one of very great suffering. Th numb-r of bankrupts among the o.tte.n manufacturers in France ha been great, atd when the .home market is glutted there i. r o mans of relief by going to th fvre itn markets. Inasmu h as th price nt which they ptod.ic, the fictitious pi he cie.vte.i by th pro;'ctlve system, is r. '.ch hl-.'h r than the prices of the- nations with which they compel. Tl. oiir, ,:.ienee 1 tha;, as a means of relief, the "ov rnnient has l.en in the h-ihit "'!' giving; a '.ar- premium "ii exportation, which is a:c Hier taxti n b-vie-i upon th French i'.e,.j,i, th'-v paving; In th fiisr ca ..', a UiO' ii gr-tp r surd than th y n pay for ih cotton garments tl.y wear; i.p.d secondly, paying the est of the increased price upon tn ariiil which 1'iatic exports, in ord-.-r to . iiaal h. r lo fg.-t rid of he r st.p-Tlluous production." I'rot -ellou Owrdoiic. Mr. ('..(irraan. I toulJ e!t? i:iu.-ti.l!on after iliustrati n tj d- nioiistrate the truth of th 1 roposition I have Mated, that no Industry will lo firmly established upon a sunn 1 has by excessive protection. We ai to! 1 that industries hav been established and ar. being established, and hav prospered and f.ouri.-hed. under the pro-(iiv system, as if that was an answer to the whole question. Most assuredly they have irrown and prospered, but how? Not by legitimate production.; not by the superior management of their owners; not by giving to th consumer a cheaper and better article than he could obtain elsewhere; but by exacting from him, with a'. i of tr.e government, an exorbitant price and sen undue proportion of the profits of his toil. What industry is there that will not flourish when clothed .with lesal authority and power to tax the energies and productions of sixty millions and more of people In possession of th richest country upon the face of the earth. They hav grown rich and powerful: grown until many of them, with closed doors and idle machinery, are still able te demand end receive their distributive share of the unjust tributes which tho g'vernment protects them in levying upon the people without limit and without mercy. Th-y have prospered because they have been turned loose to prey upon the richest country In the world, and they have preyed upon its resources until Its vitality has been exhausted. Is it not apparent that the excessive growth of manufactures in this country, under thi stimulus of the protective policy, has been at the expense of our natural advantage and resources and has reacted, with disastrous effects upon the peneral property which is so essential to the reace and happiness of all the people? Who can scan the record of the past few years without discerning the fact that every effort toward a recovery f general prosperity has li-en swiftly followed by greater depreselon. No lasting recovery can take place so long as we continue to maintain a policy that restricts trade, impedes commerce, limits production and consumption. No greater mistake was ever made than to suppose that additional means of employment are created by protecting branches of industry that could not otherwise be carried e.n. Tin whole effect of legislative interference in thtF direction Is that of diminishing the wealth of the country by causing jess profitable to take th place of more profitable employments. Kvery effort to exclude an importation is a direct injury to the domestic; market; it reduces loth production and consumption, and thus robs labor of employment- The magnitude of imports no less than that of exports indicates the degree of prosperity that prevails throughout the country. It is as prontable to trad with one 1,0. yond the sas as with one in an adjoining state, and every prohibition laid to exclude the foreign proluots is a loss to individual and national wealth and therefore an Injury to the domestic markets. If we will hut adjust our rates to admit imports our exports will take care of themselves. When Great Pritnin removed her discriminations against French w ines her exports to France lncreastf.1 from !73,SM in 1.!0 to f2,37S,l4'J in lS4o. Mr. Smith, president of the chamber of commerce of Manchester, In his testimony before the home committee, pail that the effect of restrictive duties had ben to stop the natural course of trade and to divert It Into other channels: that this was remarkably exemplified in the decrease of wtton manufactures to some parts of Kurope. especially to those places In particular whose corn and timber thev had refused to take. Continuing, he said: "I find that the exports of cotton manufactures in Russia In ISi'O were f7'C.12, but In IMS they had fallen off to f."i4.r;7. Germany and Prussia in l!0 were the best custoroeri we had for otton grods; our exports to thoe countries in 1S20 were 'J.:.4'iS; in 1S.1S they had fallen off to .VS7 2Dfi. Our export to the Pnlted Netherlands In yf) were 97'.t.0si; and in lvCS they had fallen off to 661..V7. The increase in our exports of cotton manufactures to all countries whose produce we take in return is a remarkable as the decrease In our exports to those countries whose produce we refuse. I find that our exports in 1S?0 to the KaFt Indies, to China and the Indian island amounted to fn.O"": but in IS-'IS they bad Increased to L'.tetXt.ftnO. Our exporls in ls.tj to Mexico. Colombia. Guatemala. Kio Plata. Chill and Peru amounte.1 to 412, UV: in 1:S they had lncreas-! to l.27r,i. Our exports in lv.'i to Prazll were f9i4.; In l!v;8 they had Increased to f l.frt,joit." These examples forcibly illustrate how sensitive trade is and how it may be offended by unfriendly legislation. Injured iU Open Market. That protection has not only hail a disastrous Influence upon the domestic market, but that it has in a great measure injun-d the open markets outside for the products of our farms, I have no doubt. The fall in th prices of a gri cultural products was not owing, as has been so

often claimed, to a scarcity of money, but because there was no healthy demand for them. As was well said by Secretary Carlisle In his able and exhaustive rciort to congresses: "Money does not create business, but business create a demand for money." Hamilton truly said that "The revenues of a government mud elway be proportioned in a great degree to the (uantity of money in circulation and to the celerity with which it circulate." Those who attribue our repeated depressions to our monetary svstem, In my judgment, mistake effect for cause. However great may be the volume of money, it is but un Instrument in faeilltatlr.tr trade anl

changes when other conditions are unfriendly or wanting. If a mere contraction of the circulation medium of a country has a tendency to paralyze business, what must be the Influence of a restrictive svstem which punishes the great body of consumers with penalties ranging from ir) to 3v per cent? The restraint we have placed upon trade are the primary cause nf our present condition. They impede exchange, reduce consumption, and thereby rll the domestic market with an oversuppiy. to le followed by the closing of mill and a loss of employment lo Libur, forcing a reduced consumption and a break-down in the market. Money is farless in prosperity, but cowardly in adversity, arid seeing the crash that is likely to come takes fright and runs to cover, leaving trade and commerce he lpless. Following sich period., and they have become so common with us that we are in a constant state of anticipation and fear, the whole troubl 1 charged to 11 insufficiency of circulation, to a want of money. An abnormal fall in prices must necessarily accompany such a condition, whic h is at once accepted as conclusive proof that money is not only scarce, but has greatly appreciated in value. Our trouble Is in the system and not upon the surface, and a healthy condition cannot be restored, by mere application to the eruption. We might recover more easily from these periodical depressions were it not that our commercial and financial relations have become so Intimately Interwoven with those of foreign governments, and especially with those of Great Britain, as to seriously affect the rate of exchange In the tettlemcnt of baljjices, and thereby cause large exportation of poll, which serve to Increase the alarm and Intensify the disaster. To no other one canse can the demoralized condition of business, trado, and finances be attrlbu'e-d more than to governmental Interference with natural laws. Shortly after the passage ot the act of lc, the fart was xul'lngly announced that the hosiery mills of Austria, which had partially supplied us with goods, had been forced by the Increased duties to close, and ihat their labor was out of emplomnt. Without deigning to comment upon the hoart!es crueity of such an argument, to what conclusion does it invitahly le.-ul? IMd it reeess.irtly follow tnat because we hail 1nfictd a los upon them Uiat we were gain -rs; that their loss was Our profit; that their suffering was our plea rare? It Is to such absurdities-, and to such alone, that the il-.ciiine of protection leads. While the discharged operatives of the Austrian mills w .-re stiff-ring for food, ti.famllies of many of the farmers up ;', th bleak plains of Kansas, Nebraska and the lukofas no doubt wer s'.;ff-rinsr during the chilling blasts cf winter for the want of a sufficient supply of cheap wcd-ii c lothing. Tii operatives of the wo. l-n nulls of Austria were forced to exist up-n the scant support of tha rity. while th funnels of Kansas ar.d Nebraska w re -onipti;d to burn th. ir com to k.- p 'mn f reey.in-r. A great wail had tee u bu.lt between them. It may teasel, why III r."t th farmer purchase all the clothing they needed hi the home maih-t Simply because they c .ull not sd their r redact at hum?, and therefor had nothing; with, which to mane tlie porcha??. Home Market Not I '. 11 1 u tk ! . TV belief that lh- home demand i enlarged by the exclusion of trie for-ign product, which the gentleman from Maine (Mr. Ding ly) so earnestly pressed. Ii a fatal mistake, and is controverted Ly the statistics preee-ding" and following; every reduction of dudes that was ever luade. No .c.irer tst of a country's prosperity or the absence of it can be found than in the ris ajid fall of its imports and exports; and whenever these are obstructed or prohibited it is a blow at the prosperity of the citizens of both and not simply to those of one. Mr. Chairman, there is one Important consideration of which we .should not lose sight of in this argument, and that is, the changed conditions which have taken place within the last twenty-live y-ars. Then our establishments were not so large, were more numerous, and scattered over a greater area; crude methods were used In comparison with the process of today. The small manufacturer and the small dealer have been driven out of business. Production has been massed in the great centers fnd concentrated in the hands of a few. The firm of Carnefrte, Phipps & Co. employ more than 1:1.1") hands. Fortytwo per cent, of our population today resides in cities of l.ouö inhabitants and upward. The population In the rural districts, in many of the middle and western states, has dlminshed within the last ten years. While the cost of production has been greatly reduced, the iiecesvlty anl Importance of distribution has been greatly increased. The labor massed In our large tnties is not as indepen.ient as when employed In smaller Industries scattered over the country'. It Is a well rerotrnized fact that the great mass of th worklngmen employed in our large Industries save but little, the majority barely keeping even. The preat expense to which the manufacturers are subjected In their operations by reason of the magnitude of their plants and large number of employes msk It absolutely nessaxy that they should have a stable market and not nn uncertain or fluctuating one. They cannot run for any length of time without a market for their products. Overproduction under such circumstances Is fatal to operatives. The industry mut close down anel the laborers remain Idle till th surplus i consumed. A knowledge of this fact has resulted In the formation of trusts and combinations to limit production and regulate prices at which pales shall b made. Jobbers are no longer able to obtain mocks without putting up a forfeit and executing an a-rreement with severe penalties, not to sell below fixed prices. Hy this means the combines aro able to pay liatvlsome dividends to the owner of great plants which .re kept closed. The consumer of th 'ountry are today paying interest on idle capital invested in plants for which ther was no demand under the stimulus of high protection. The bill under eons-ideral ion had scarcely been made public when the fact was announced that th window glass combine had pone to pieces and that the jobbers were demanding a return of the $.5' forfeit which they had been compelled to deposit before they could obtain stocks. The modern plant in the pa hep. where- th cost of production is much less than In other sections, wa combined with the old-style establishments, forcing consumers to pay fat dividends for antiquated methyls, i'nder such a condition the minority of the committee, in their report, say" to us, "The consumer will take care d himself if you will look after th producer." In 01 her wonN, take care of the producer and he will take cat of the consumer. "Will you walk into my parlor?" sail the spider to the fly. Will Smash Trust. If the proposed measure shall have no other eTect than to break up these unlawful conspiracies against the Interests of the people and center production in th most favorable localities, it will have accomplished a' great and beneficent work. It is contended, however, that wages are higher in this than in any other country and that a reduction of 'he tariff means a redaction of wages. If 1 had the faintest Idea that this bill would injure the laboring classes I should vote against It. and 1 think 1 can safely say that every democrat on this floor would lo the same thing. It is because I think the w Ifare and the prosperity of that class are dependent upon the speedy enactment of the same that I urge th passace so earnestly. I shall not Mop to discuss the question as to whether the labor cos-t of production Is greater in this than In fore ign countries. That point has been fully oresented In former debates, and the argument Is accessible to all. If there is a diflertnoe i the labor cost of production aealnst the American manufacturer, for that he is, in my opinion, more than compensated by the rates provided in this bill. This, however, is not tho point I wish to impress upon the minds of the members of the committee. Protection does not raise the standard of wages: the most that t claimed for it is that it enable 1 the manufacturer to pay the existing Msndard. and that if his protection was withdrawn his labor would engage in other pursuits in which they would receive better wages. It is an admitted fact that.

with very few exceptions, the labor in the unprotected receives higher wages than lr the protec'tel avocations. I appeal to the wage-worker f the -ountry to witness th fact that th accumulation of surplus labor in this work country is constantly increasing and that the competition for work is growing more severe each rear. Th clamor for a strict enforcement of the laws of immigration hs well as the demand for the enactment cf mere strir.gent ones attest the truth of this fact. Itnnrfol Effert f Irohlbilr- Dalles. Nothirg, in my Judcment, has done so much to overstock our labor mark-t the enactment of prohibitory duties which exclude the people of othr countries from obtaining our food products, and fchould we continue the game, nothing en earth ca-a check the tide that is flowing in upon us. our free lands all having be. -n taken up. this immigration wi'd drift into our eitle to augment th ranks of the unemployed and increase th com;"-Uti 11 for woik aa well as the number to be supported by charity. I received, a few days ago, a letter from a constituent in on of the protected Industries protesting agamst the passage of this bill. It was gentlemanly in tone, and I think contai:id an honest expression .of the writey'K opinions, lie s.ud. In Fubstance: "I came to this country from Kngland. I rece-lve-d only about one-half the wages there a I do here. About sir years ago. in the factory in which I worked, twelve of our number wre sciee-tod M meet the masters and re, ist an Increase of p per cent, in wasr.-s. Tney told us they could not give It bex-au.se. th. American tariff was in th.ir way. but If we could pet that removed they woul 1 Increase our wages 20 per cent. So 1 came to this country." In this ltler Is an argitmer-t that I unanswerable, "The American tariff prohibited the produc-t of my b' her from cx-m-ing to this country, so I cme," say the operative. And so other will come. Would not the workbikTmen in this country be In a better condition with a moderate tart? and an tner ae of ta er T per c ent, in, wajres in Kngland than they wouli be with a protective tariff anl all the foreiarn labor In that country bete bv their fid-? It illustrates an thr p unt: that br excessive prottion th wpfce 1.1 foreign countries, wr.bn ronjum' th Furpms products of our farms, have lee:t forced, down, thereby reducing th derr.ani for our agricultural supril' abroad. I assertel that protection 1 ai broken down our rrarke's at heme ai:d a brentI; have I not dcmonstratM the fact? It has done more; it h.is forced into this country an unnatural and la 'Tie dRt-ee an ur.desirah.e immigration until tr peace ar.l p-jod orier of so"ity in our great cities is Imperiled. It has destroyed trade, deranged our f.r.ur.ers, a-i 1 paralyzed our business. A Duty to Perform. Mr. Chairman, I trust I p. ay be pardoned f r indulging in seme reraarks somewhat personal to meeLf and to the district I have the honor to reprvsor.. Through the suffrages of its citizens I have been honcred heyeni measure. I ov t, them a debt . f gratttuie which it will 1? th t bjtet of uty life to icp.iv, but to none an 1 ln-d-btel nor than to th v :-.p '-workers, a grt-Pt majority of whom have b-.tx xr.y lev a.1 fri-.'tids anl support?-. I am r.rou.l to represent su'-h a district and such a cnstltut r.oy. in the '.iverlty of Its industries. In th aggregate of manufactures. In the lunVr of its hjt-woik-rs. in the hoi....-, l.T.evr-oy xtil charity of It citizens, it will not surf', r 1 y com)ari-

Fi.n with th great-si. I woul I r.ot knowingly cast a vote that 'vo'il 1 check for an instant its rapid growth anl l-volopment. . I know that within ir limit is si large nnmb'-r of worku:gmii employe.! 1 1 pr'teeted Industries when they have employment who. iri.m honest l-.-iief or from fear of loss of employment, tho reuli of threats front tl-.eir employers, have protested ac.tinst th passage of this measure, but, b-lie vlng as 1 do, that It enactment will impart new vigor anl l:t in the development of its rr.urvt.lous resources tnd Ftlr-ui-l.tt the energies of Its t.eople tj greater achievements, and that it will in the end redound to th prosperity end weltare of th whole country, 1 shall not falter in the fulfillment cf my pledges ür.d in the redemption of mv j romisew. Th organized Tort of the protected Industries now bei! g made to thwart the voik we were commissioned to 0 should not deter representative from courageously perfoitning their duties. While I would not for a moment abridge tho sacred right of petition. I unhesitatingly say that no priv ilege has been pufc.'.tct to greater prostitution and abuse. It is an eay matter to fcure petitions for a?'" purp se; from the lib ration of the pettiest criminal in his oil to the preateat felon upon the scaffold. Petitor. cen re cbtf-.ned to burn this capitol, "the gorv.-ous palace, the solemn tempi, th great glob-i itscl". and all who it inhabit." Kt-t us boldiy an.' courageously stand Ly our principles. Tender handed stroke a nttlf And It stings you for your palr.s; But grasp it Lke a men of mettle. And It soft as silk remains. (T.or.g and continued applause.) BANK CASHIER "GUILTY." Verll't of the Jnry in the Koetfinjr Lne at Milwaukee. MILWAUKEE. Jan. 23. After deliberating for three hours tonlpht th Jury In the ca. of John It. Koetting, coshir-r of the defunct South Side pavings bank, returned a verdict of "g-uilty of the second count." The court charged Koottinsr as owner of the bank, with having; received a deposit afP-r h knew tho bank was insolvent. At S o'clock tomorrow night Judgo Clement-bon. will pronounce? sentence. An arrest of .sentence, pending; an appeal to the supremecourt will not be granted and In m. day or two Koetting- will probably be In prison, for a term of from one to ten years. Th bank is estimate, 1 to hav been JS00.0O) short. dug' up counterfeit money. Worn. in After Herh 1 iuds a rile' of fir.o. l.oriSVIPKK. Jan. r.. - - A Ihh: t one hundrd and tffty dollars in counterfeit money was unearthed here Sunday by a woman who wa dlggirg; s me roots fcr ta. Ka h plec "f coin was wrapped In, tissue paper and but UttJe of it VtUi tarnished. The I', nd consisted of dollars and quarters. Capt. Pauer of th secret hrice made an investigation. The coin is a x ery dangerous counterfeit, has an excellent ring and the faces are admirably executed. He thinks it is one of the plants made by Fo, who was recently convicted at New Albany and tnt to th Columbus (O.) penitentiary for ten years. CRCSSED IN LOVE. Drriinalir Suicide o f n l.mth After M I. est Appeal. WINCH KSTKR. Ky.. Jan. "."..Arch. the eihtecn-ycnr-old s-mi of Martin Hagland, one of Clark county's pro. porous fanners, committed suicide last right by shooting himself through the heart with a pistol. Young lUclsnd wanted to marry a Miss Adams of this cou'tty, but was forbidden by hi father. Yesterday he came to this city, pot Intnk, went "home and mad his last appeal to his father, which was a rain refusal. He then walked into th yard, drew bis Pistol and shot wltli the stated result. The Ilagland family Is highly connected. Ilnid of the Pn 1 1 on . GUTHPIK, Ok. T-, Jan. 24. At Tawnoe, fifteen miles northeast of here, today three members of the Palton. pan; rode Into town and entered the bank, but found tho s-afe locked with a time lock. They took Jlod from th cash drawer and rode away, carrjiutr thrt cashier on a liorse throo miles Into th country and tontixMlin-; him to walle baclc