Indiana State Sentinel, Indianapolis, Marion County, 13 December 1893 — Page 9

i SECOND PART. t PAGES 9 TO 12. 4yo ESTABLISHED 1822. INDIANAPOLIS, WEDNESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 13, 1893-TWELTE PAGES. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR.

Cliff

SECRET POLITICAL CLUBS.

THE KOW.OTHIr.S AM MMILAR ORGAMZATIONS. A Sketch of the Rise nnd Fall or the PrfdfOfor of th American Protective Aaaoclatlon Their Iliac, Ilialory und Fluni Decline nl Failure Wbnt They Won ami What They Lost An Interesting Chapter. There may be some new things under the sun, despite the dictum of the preacher, but the anti-catholic and antiforeigner movement which is nnv forcing itself upon the attention of a displeased public in various parts of the country is not one of them. Those whose memory runs back forty years or more, and those of a younger generation who are ever superficially acquainted with the political history of the United States, are well aware, of course, from what had been publicly made known of late regarding the A. P. A., or the O. U. D., that this organization is. in all essentials, almost an exact reproduction of the old native American movement, which, under the popular name of knowncthingism, troubled the politicians a bit along in the early part of the '50s, and in well-nigh every faction of the land provoked some ridicule and scorn as well aa aroused some momentary enthusiasm. In principles, purposes and methods the A. 1'. A.'a of today are the old knownothings galvanized into temporary activity once more; and those who wish to know the probable, and, in fact, the practically inevitable fate of the letter organization may llnd It In the recorded history of the rise and fall cf the earlier. From the very foundation of our govemment exposition to aliens, more or less complicated with dislike and fear of catholics, has been at Intervals a feature of American politics. Even before the adoption of the constitution the spirit of r.ativism, as embodied in the sentiment "Americana must rule America" bad occasionally appeared. Afterward when war with England or France was a prominent question in domestic politics, the foreigners resident here, being mostly banished nun who had made themselves exiles by hostility to the British government or friendliness for the French, naturally allied themselves with the democratic party because of its position on foreign relations and as naturally the federalists became something of an anti-alien party. It was the spirit of nativism which forced the passage of the alien anJ sedition law, and there was cnoueh of the same feeling to rut a distinctly antialien clause into the amendments proposed by the Hartford convention. When the era of war politics had passed and peace was restored the natli?t feeling disappeared as a prominent factor In public affairs, and though it was dormant rather than dead Its manifestations of continued existente were few and uuirnjM.rtant from 181" to 1S33. In the latter year there was a revival of nativism in New York City, where a foreign population had naturally first begun to attract attention. The attempt at a native organization ended in failure, however, before the election for mayor in that city In 1S;J7, and probably would not have been beard of again for some time had not the democrats, after carrying the city election in 1S43. proceeded, in parceling out the municipal offices, to give the lion's share to the fureign-born citizens. Th native-lorn clement was greatly irritated by that, and the result was seen In the next mayoralty election In 1S44, when a "native American" candidate was elected by 24X10 votes to 20.53S for the democratic candidate and 5.237 for the whip. Meanwhile the native movement had begun to spread to other parts of the country, notably New Jersey and Philadelphia. It was not, however, till 1S52 that It attained any real prominence as a political f.ictor. To he Ktir, it was strong enough at the national election of IS 1 1 to put six "native" representatives Into th Twenty-ninth congress, four from New York ami two from Pennsylvania, but there was only one In the Thirtieth, and thereafter for some years, except for very small votes cast occasionally In New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, nativism disappeared from practical politics. Itut during those years the opponents of aliens and of catholics were quietly forming a widespread secret organization that was destined to cut quite a figure in some subsequent elections and in the plans of politicians. The formation and extension of a native American ar.d antl-oatholic organization made no very difficult task in the peculiar circumstances of that time. Distrust of Roman Catholicism has been, till very lately at last, when better sense and more liberality have come more generally to prevail, a string that could artfully be played upon with great success in almost any Ane;Io-Saxon community. Thla fe?ling had at that particular time been somewhat Increased by the public mission of a papal nuncio who had come to this country to adjust a difficulty in regard to church property In Buffalo. The nuncio was received with courtesy and kindness by the president, but his visits excited tumults in Cincinnati, Baltimore and New York. Alxitit the same time th efforts of Bishop Hughes and the catholic clergy to exclude the bible from the public schools had further kindled the antl-cathollc filing of many people. Then. too. the Ignorant foreign vote had begun to have an Important influence on elections, ami the result, especially In large cities, was anything but pleasing to lovers of honest and efficient government. "It was averted," says Rhode, referring to this period in his recently published "History of the United States from the Compromise of 1800. "that drunken aliens frequently had charge of the polls; that the Intrigue and rowdyism which characterized recent campaigns were the work of foreigners; that the network of Jesuitism had been cunningly spread; that such was the deep corruption among politicians thnt availability In a presidential candidate had come to mean the fnan who could secure the foreign vote." These were the evils and abuses which irritated native-born American? nnd Protestant. For their remedy it whs argued that a new party must be formed, and It was believed that there were enough sympathizers with the new Idea in both the democratic and the whig pertles to make up an organization of large size which should be "patriotic and Christian la character." Then wnr was to be made upon French infidelity. German skepticism and BorJallsm and the papacy, of which three alleged evils the last wta considered the most dangerous. The crusade l-gan with a plan of organizing all this ort of feeling Into crt lodge, local In constitu

ency, but banded together by common grips and passwords, and its success was rapid and considerable. The principles of the new order were naturally evolved out of the 11U deplored. The keynote was taken from an order supposed to have been given by Gen. Washington at a moment when danger and difficulties thickened around him. "Put none but Americans on guard tonight." That "Americans should rule America" was the fundamental doctrine of the new organization. Its Immediate and practical aims were that foreigners and catholics should be excluded from all national, state and local offices, and that the naturalization laws should be changed so that an immigrant could not become a citizen until after a residence of twenty-one years In this country. The methods were more objectionable, however, than the aims. The organization was a vast secret society with ramifications in every state. Secret lodges were Instituted everywhere, with passwords and degrees, grips and signs. The initiation was supposed to be solemn and the oaths formidable. The candidate for the first degree was obliged, on presenting himself, to place his right hand on the bible and the cross and take a solemn oath of secrecy. Then, if he could satisfy his inquisitors that be was twenty-one years of age, that he was born in the United States, that he believed in Ood, that neither himself nor his parents nor his wife were Roman catholics, and that he had been reared under Protestant Influences, he was considered a proper applicant and was conducted to an inner room, where, in the presence of the presiding officer, with his right hand on the bible and the cross and his left elevated toward heaven, he swore not to vote for any man unless he was a Protestant, an American-born citizen, and In favor of Americans ruling America. Then the passwords were imparted to him and the sign of recognition and the fci'ip explained. When he challenged a brother he was to ask. "What time?" The response would be. "Time for work." Then he was to say. "Are you?" The answer would be, "Wo are." and then the two would be in a position to converse about the Interests of the order. The new member was also told that notice of meetings would be given by means of triangular pieces of white paper thrown carelessly on the sidewalk or in other public places. If he wished to know the object of the meeting he must ask some undoubted brother. "Have you seen Sam today?" and the information would be imparted. If the notice was on red paper, danger was indicated and the new member must come prepared to meet it. After a sufficient probation the member could be admitted to a second degree, when more oaths were taken and another pass-word and countersign given. But the great mystery was the nam? of the organization, which the president alone was entitled to communicate. At the proper time in the initiation ceremonies be solemnly declared: "Brothers, you are members in full fellowship of the Supreme Order of the Star Spangled Banner." The name by which the order was commonly and publicly known, however, was know-nothings, which arose from the fact that whenever a member was asked to state the principles and objects of the society the invariable reply was, "I know nothing." The number that joined these secret lodges was very large. It was made up partly of men who were Incensed and alarmed at the power of foreign-born citizens in politics, partly of those "whose daily horror and nightly specter was the lojo," and very largely, it is probable, of thise f.r whom the secret ceremonies and mysterious- melhod eoct aHr&cXtf. The more potent reason, however, for the transient success of the order was the fact that, though the old parties in the North were r?nt into fragments, there was no ready-made organization to take their place. "Men," says Rhodes, "were disgusted and dissatisfied with their political affiliations and yearned to enlist under a banner that should display positive and sincere aims." The knownothing movement was born in, and to some extent from, a time of political unrest. It was a period of excitement and lawlessness. Riots were frequent everywhere, some aroused by the violent raids of "temperance" women on barroo ins and some by extreme abolitionists, with their Injudicious acts and talk. Bu: the worst disturbances grew out of the know-nothing crusade. A mob forced its way into a shed near the Washington monument and broke to pieces a beautiful block of marble which had come from the temple of Concord at Rome, and which the pope had sent as his tribute to the memory of Washington. In Chelsea. Mass., a street preacher, who called himself the "Angel Gabriel," Incited a crowd to such deeds of violence as smashing the windows of a catholic church, tearing the cross from its gable and shivering it to atoms; and here in Providence, it Is related, a misguided mob was one evening colleed together, with pick, crowbar and hammer, to pull down the convent building, which still stands at the coiner of Rroad and Clav-erkk-sts. Happily the plan was not executed, but in other parts of the country the extreme violence of bigotry was very common. By the year 18Ö2 the organization had developed enough strength in secrecy to feel iendy for political activity on an extended scale, and It consequently began to make its influence felt In elections. At first its nominations were made by secret conventions of delegate from the various lodges and were voted for by all members, under penalty of expulsion. They were not so much Independent nominations as selections of satisfactory men from the rival whig and democratic tickets. No public notice of such indorsement was given, but its effects were visible In the returns, and threw political calculations Into chaos In many places. Thus, even before the order actually appeared In politics, it was in many instances the real arbiter of elections. At first mofet of the know-nothings devoted most of their attention to munlciial politic, just as Is now said of the A. P. A. Vs. But by Octoter, 1S3I. they were strong enough to obtain the balance of power in the Pennsylvania legislature, and at the same time their support gave victory to the anti-Nelraska party in Ohio and Indiana, In New York In the same year, a grand council of know-nothings, con

ducted with the utmost secrecy, nominated a conservative whig, Uliman, for governor, and when the November election came round, to the surprise of everybody except the know-nothings themselves, their candidate illed 122.2S3 vote. The regular whig candidate was elected with l.".6,S04 votes, but the unexpected strength shown by the know-nothings startled the politicians. In Massachusetts, in the same year, the know-nothings by their secret methods put Gardner In the field for governor, and though his candidacy was regarded as "a huge Joke" by the regular politicians, he was easily elected, all the congressmen chosen In that state were know-nothings and the legislature was almost wholly made up of members of the American rarty. Delaware was also carried Ly the new organization In that year. The native. Americans, as secretly organized, had thus become a pretty serious factor In practical politics and men began to see that, however deluded, they must be reckoned with in subsequent calculations. Of course they amused opposition, some of It merely scornful and ridiculing, some of It respectful and argumentative. Henry Ward Beecher, In the Independent, wielded bis trenchant pen In a sharp combat with the principles and methods of knownothlnglsrn and preached without ceasing the Christian duty to liberty. But the movement was not stopped or checked. It grew with Its ovvu successes. Much elated at the

strength they had shown in the elections of 1S54. the knownothings met soon, afterward In national council at Cincinnati. There they authorized a third degree the order of the American union. The oaths and ceremonials of that degree were more directed to the, preservation of the union than to the exclusion of foreigners and catholics, and the union degree was construed to mean that the North should keep quiet on the subject of slavery; it was adopted largely throusrh the influence of Raynor of North Carolina, an old-time whig, Tho foresaw the contingency of secession and wished to prevent It if possible. In six months after that degree was instituted it was estimated that 1.500.000 men had taken it. and the boast that the members of the order would elect the next president did not seem altogether empty. In the elections of 1S35 the knovmothings gained little In the West, but made a great stride in advance southward where they easily captured most of the whlgs. In this year, too, they first appeared effectively in Rhode Island politics. They had begun to gain a foothold here In the winter of 134 as a political organization and had organized themselves in ward and township councils. Their growth was rapid, particularly in Providence, and In lS-"5 they elected their candidate for governor, the Hon. William Warner Hoppln, and all the other state officers, as well as controlling the state legislature. Their other victories In that year were In electing governors and legislatures in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, California and Kentucky, also some officers in Maryland and Texas; and in Virginia, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana were defeated by only email majorities ranging from 2,000 to 11,000. Encouraged by these successes in local politics, the order began to prepare for a campaign as a national party In 1856. It went upon the theory that large numbers of people were tired of the agitation for and against slavery, and It thought that In place of the slavery question it could make opposition to aliens and catholics a national issue. To this end leading catholics were brought to bay in public controversies, the persecutions by the catholic church in all countries were recounted, special denunciations were leveled at Bedinl. the pope's nuncio, and Americans were warned that the inquisition "would kindle the fires of the holy auto de fe on the high places of our republic and deluge our blooming plains with American blood." In pursuance of their more ambitious plans a secret grand council of delegates assembled in Philadelphia Feb. 19. 1S36. and in a stormy session of three days adopted a platform in sixteen propositions, the principal of which was that only nativeborn citizens should be selected for public offices, and that there should be "resistance to the aggressive policy and corrupting tendencies of the Roman catholic church." Though Intending to push the slavery question to one side, the delegates to the council could not do this, and, after a heated debate between the northern and the southern elements, a proposition was adopted which declared that congress ought not to prohibit slavery In any territory or the District of Columbia, and that it had no power to exclude any state from the union because its constitution recognized slavery- The northern delegates, though accepting rdl the rest of the platform, refused to abide by this slavery plank, and in the subsequent elections of that year, while the southern knownothings made their campaign on the national platform entire, the northern know.Huinga .ifcpudiU'd the slavery plank when they asked for the votes of th people. Aside from this splitting of knownothingism into two factions by the obtruding question of the times, another result of that council was the abandonment of the farce of mystery' and secrecy. It was discovered that ail the virtue of this secret machinery had been exhausted, and it was accordingly recommended that the state councils abandon their "degrees" and substitute a simple pledge of honor for the oaths. From that time on the organization held conventions like regular political organizations, and is better known as the American party. On the day following the adjournment of the secret council an open nominating convention met, with 227 delegates present, only Maine, Vermont. Georgia and South Carolina being unrepresented. After one informal ballot Millard Fillmore was nominated for president, and the declaration of principles previously made by the council was adopted as the party's platform. Disliking the slavery plank In this platform, the northern delegates, to the number of seventy-lwo, withdrew and Issued a call for another convention in June. The seceding delegates then nominated Banks, and when ho declined they Indorsed Fremont, the nominee of the new republican party. The democrats nominated Buchanan and the whigs accepted Fillmore. The campaign that followed was sluggish enough, except for the Fremont hullabaloo, and the real contest was between Buchanan and Fillmore. The preliminary state election of 1856 were not discouraging to the American party. It re-elected its governors In New Hampshire and Rhode Island, and It could be said that eight of the thirty-two states had American executives. Rut the presidential election of November showed that on national matters the party had none of the "elements of persistence." Thus, while In New Hampshire, for instance, in the local elections In March the vote was 33.119 American. 32.031 democratic and 2,360 whig, in the national election in November the vote was 38,343 republican, 32,789 democratic and 422 American. In the country as a whole the iopular vote for Fillmore (American and whig) was 874,534. in a total vote of 4.033,976, and his electoral votes were only eight, all from isfaryland. A new, vital and Important issue had como into politics and the old knownothing organization, in even its later forms, was done for. While politics was in a state of flux and parties were broken up and sharp alignments of the people on great questions had not been completed, It was easy enough for this eccentric and baseless organization to get a transient foothold. But the moment a burning question of national consequence came to the front people turned very quickly away from the unjustifiable principles of the know-noth--Ines. The allurements of ceremonial and mystery had lost their force, and the early members of the order grew ashamed of their childish methods and equally childish fearg of Catholicism, and alienism. They had been frightened by bugaboos only because their minds had not been occupied with grave questions such as had fully asserted themselves In 1X36 and 1837. In the state elections of the latter year the American party once more carried Rhode Islaad and Maryland, and In the Thirty-fifth congress, which met In December, 1857, It had live senators and from fifteen to twenty representatives. But when the Thirtysixth7 congress met In 1859 the Americans had become almost exclusively a border state party. They had two senators, one from Kentucky and one from Maryland, and twenty-three representatives, coming from Kentucky, Tennessee, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina. Georgia and Louisiana. The party had tried to dodge the slavery question and naturally It had retained Us power only In thoso states, for the most part, where the people were still hesitating to make decisions on that Issue. In 1860 the American party made a final and ridiculous effort to Induce the country to Ignore slavery and then disappeared coinpl?tely, its departure attracting no attention whatever amid the new excitements of the time. It will be seen from what has been said that there Is a marked parallel be

tween the beginnings of know-nothlng-Ism and those of A. P. Alsm. That the latter will ruu the same course as the former is not to be expected, for conditions are different now in many respects; but that it will come to no greater success may confidently be predicted. When the old native American movement was at the hifjht of its power Horace Greeley prophesied that it was destined "to run Its career rapidly and vanish as suddenly as it appeared. It may last," he said, "through the next presidential canvass, but hardly longer than that. It would seem an devoid of the elements of persistence as an anticholera or an antl-notato-r party would be." His prediction was verified and his Judgment was correct; and substantially the same may now be said of the A. F. A. or the U. O. D. or whatever be the semi-mystical name under which an antl-cathollc and anti-alien movement is spreading itself. Providence Journal.

OBSERVATIONS OV FLORIDA. Mr. AVilllnm W'enley AVoollen Xovr VlmllltiHT Thnt Country. To the Editor: Sir I have observed sme things since I've been in Florida, which I think would Interest The Sentinel's readers, hence I write you this. This county Jefferson contains five times as many negroes as white people.. The negroes are very black. I haven't seen a mulatto since I've been here and very few men or women of mixed blood. The negroes are kind and tractable. No trouble has ever taken place here between the two races. The white man orders and the black man obeys. I am told that there are a few negroes here who have accumulated property, but the masses are poor and thriftless. They como to town on Saturdays, do their trading, tell stories and gossip and go home when night comes, sober men and women. I have been here two Saturdays ajid both days the town was full of country negroes of both sexes and not a drunken man or woman did I see. And this brings up another thought: Su far as my observation has gone tha South, or at least this part of it, s far In advance of the North and West in enforcing Sunday and liquor laws. It Is certain that there is relatively not so much Intemperance here as at my home and I know that the Sunday laws are rigidly executed. The land hereabout Is said to be Rood farming land, but this seems apocryphal to one who is familiar with the rich land of central Indiana. Its main product is cotton, but corn and sweet potatoes are raised to a considerable extent. However, the only thing produced for other than the local market is cotton. The crop here this year is a full one, but the price of the great staple is too low for profit I visited a cotton gin last week, the first I ever saw, nnd witnessed the separation of the seed from the cotton and the baling of the fiber. The process Is simple. I also went tc see a sugar mill, but it was not grinding. Considerable sirup is made here, but no sugar. The cane is now being taken up and buried. It is placed in rows and covered as we cover potatoes. In t ie spring It will be uncovered and set out In the field preparatory to the raising c-f another crop. Jlonticello, the capital of Jefferson county, is a dull and sleepy place. Every one moves slowly here. Even the cattle on the sidewalks force you to pass by on the other side, for they will not move, but stand still and chew the cud of contentment. Flowers are blooming everywhere. Pecan and orange trees abound and ripe oranges hang on the trees waiting to be plucked. The weather 13 glorious. The sun comes down in its splendor and banishes overcoats and wraps. The air is dry and warm and if one is content to do nothing but eat and sleep here is the place for him. But If he wants to move about to walk fast and "get there, Eli," let him stay where the frost nips the tomato vines and the sleigh bells jingle in the winter. For if he comes here and remains awhile he will lose his snap nnd be able to realize the Inwardness of Riley's "Knee Deep in June." Wonder If Riley was ever here? W. W. W. Monticello, Fla., Nov. 20. Wants Free Coinage. Tho Indiana democracy will be found doing business at the old stand next year Just as usual. Sentinel. Well, Mr. Editor, it will depend largely upon the actions of congress, which convenes on the 4th of December, whether It will be a raying or losing business. If the pledges made to tho people are carried out In good faith, all will be well for democracy. If not, any busllness done by the democracy will a losing one. The reoent elections are positive proof that the party is in no mood to stand any more foolishness. We can blame the leaden of the democralio party and also the democratic press for any dissatisfaction that may exist in the party today. It Is the disposition of the press and leaders to construe the platform in a different light to what they did during the campaign. I am a farmer by profession and a democrat from principle. 1 voted the democratic ticket with the understanding that if we won we would have free coinage of silver In this country, and what Li tree of myself, id true of ninetenths of the farmers In the state. In fact, we owe our great victory in 1892 to our professed friendliness to silver more than all other causes. Every man who produces anything from a bushel of potatoes to a threshing machine knows what a gold standard means, and there is no doubt but what there are many of the democratic leaders as well as republicans who are trying to bring this country to that system, but you will find If that doctrine is preached and practl-sed In this country for democracy, then the boys In the trenches are not democrats. In what condition are the countries which have a gold standard? Are they so prosperous and happy that we should want the accursed system? What we want Is a financial Bystern for this country, and if others don't like our money, let them go to that other and hotter clime with their trade. We can get along as well without them as they can without us. And now, let me whisper In your ear. If we do not get some favorable legislation for silver this winter, we will not elect to exceed three representatives to congress next year and will lose the stat by 20,000. I am not an alarmist, but I wish to say to the leaders and the press to paste this In their hats and pee how far a common farmer will miss the mark. W. II. BUCHANAN. China, Jefferson county, Indiana, Nov. SO, 1893. Perfectly Satisfactory. The message, rays tho Evansvllle Courier, cornet up to the high expectations of democrats and lines up squarely with the democratic national platform. It adopts the Wilson tariff bill as an administration measure, which removes all doubt of Its prompt enactment into law. No backward steps are taken on the abuses of the pension department. On the silver question the plan of securing bimetallism by International agreement one of the methods proposed in the platform Is approved and the views of the administration somewhat elaborated.' It is a democratic message and Its recommendations in the main should be accepted by the democratic majorities in both houses as their fulJe.

SEVEN HOURS IN HONOLULU

OM3 OF TItn MOST CIIARMllU SPOTS IX TUB WOHLD. An Exceedingly Interesting Letter from the Hon. Georjse XV. Hell Entering the Harbor The Death of he Monarchy The Police Station The Street Portuguese A I'nncrnl I'rncesAlon (ioinar to Church The XVorshiper An Olli Tradition The Parii ü i to of the l'ncltie. The Sentinel has the pleasure this morning of placing before its readers a letter from the Hon. George W. Bell. He will be remembered by our readers as the eloquent orator who canvassed Indiana very thoroughly, pleading the cause of a reform in the tariff and denouncing the taxation imposed by tho republicans in the McKinley tariff bill. His letter, although datd at Sydney, Australia, confines itself to the scunes in Honolulu, which Mr. Bell says is one of the most charming spots on God's green earth. The letter will be found exceedingly interesting and full of information, and follows below: SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, Oct. 10. Of course absence defaces memory and distance severs the ties of affection, but there Is a pleasure in feeling that on the under side of the world I am always on top and that some remember me and are looking for something from tne. Since leaving America I have visited one of the most charming spots on God's green earth, and as great events of recent date have drawn the attention to the far-away Sandwich islands, I will give you a brief glimpse of the capital of that stransely delightful country. I take it for granted that our people will readily remember that the Hawaiian group lies in the midst of the great Pacific ocean in latitude 22 degrees north and longitude say 18 east; that they are rich in tropical production, such as sugar, rice, bananas, cocoanuts, tea, coffee, etc.; that a few years ago our government formed a treaty with this miniature kingdom providing for reciprocity (free trade); that our commerce advanced under the beneficent laws, "by- leaps and bounds," until we possess fully three-fourths of the total trade in the country; that a few months ago under the leadership of a few enterprising Americans a revolution was effected; the "queen" deposed, a provisional government established, and that row things are pretty generally in the hands of Americans with the stars and stripes floating everywhere as the emblem of authority. As I intend later to write of the political situation in Hawaii, as before ininferred. I will now write only of the city and of its peculiar, though very interesting, people. The good ship Warrimoa, on which I sailed from Vancouver. B. C, on Sept. 16, steamed into Honolulu harbor Sunday, Sept. 24, about 7 o'clock in th morning. The harbor Is on the south side of the Island Oahu and the city "nestles" on its shores, occupying a level stretch of land which skirts the water and reaches by a gentle ascent to the base of the gracefully rounded mountains which tower aloft and are often half hidden by the low floating clouds. On entering the harbor, one of the first objects that confronted me was our dear old flag, -for, safely moored but a few yards from the wharf, gracefully swung tha great white war ships, the Boston, whose marines formed in line in font of the government building and quieted the nerves of the people on the Island while the monarchy died, and the Philadelphia, which was sent to these waters after the revolution. As our alloted time was but seven hours, to learn much of the city and its people It was necessary to utilize every moment. Sunday was a poor day for us as these people are very' pious, and as I am inclined to think vhey pay little attention to their religon week days they feel bound to square up on Sunday. As Ave slowly reared the wharf hundreds of people, of all ages, color, size and description crowded the docks, some for curiosity, some on business and some as workmen to handle the cargo. A bedlam of yells from the harbor side of the steamer attracted the attention and all rushed abaft, pell mell, and soon we saw the black heads and tawny faces of a small army of young natives hurrying, with chat and chatter, from the war ship to our own. As thepe young people wore nothing but a mild expression, the modesty of our party was at first rather shocked, but the almost marvelous feats of these aquatic beings banished this shyness by the thrilling novelty of the scene. No frog was evr more graceful, nor seal more dexterous. Tho water was fully thirty feet deep and did not appear over eleven, but theso hilarious boys and girls would dive to the bottom as easily as a porpoise. Dimes, nickels and pennies by tho dozen and hundred were thrown by the passengers as far as strength and skill could hurl them, and never one struck the water that was not brought from the bottom in triumph by some lucky diver. From the very bottom one could see arma closely laid by the side and the body shoot up as straight and easily as though It were an air rush, and with one shake of tho head and a sudden spout the coin would be held up in triumph to the gaze of the giver. These natives seem not to tire In water, as a movement as slight as made by a frog keeps them up, so they remain for hours swimming, diving and cutting curious pranks, with no apparent fatigue. With my love for studying the "animals," I was impatient for a "lark" through tho streets and sallied forth at en early hour. The city, with its 20,000 people, composed chiefly of men, women, and rreachers. Is subdivided into natives, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese, English and Americans, the latter including the predominating influences. Our Americans in Honolulu have been very generous to themselves. The town is rather pretty, though there are no Imposing buildings save the "royal" palace. As there are no rains, beyond a "drizzle," on low shore level to create mud, the street are as fine as the asphalt avenues of Washington, D. C, and as the drainage Is good the city Is clean anil attractive. There are flowers. In endless variety and tropical plants that Impress you with the exceeding fertility of the soil. Remembering that It was Sunday and that usually pwple of the kind I had to observe wound up the week by a geneial good time on Saturday, my first exploit was a visit to the police station. As this took me through several blocks along the chief streets, an opportunity for a study of the people was offered me, nd the Bight was more quaint than romantic. Of course the chief attraction for me was the natives, and while they are hardly more than 20 per cent, of the population, their distinctive characteristics are well defined. j They are rather a small people, plump, well built, graceful and agile, with liquid, Innocent eyes, pleasant expression, and quiet, mild manner. The color is a coeoanut brown and I am sun? by nature they are a mild. Innocent, amiable people, with lax ideas of morals and a weakness for conviviality if not for lewdness. The Sunday, the early mass, the beautiful morning, the new ship in port and

probably some other influences contributed to the activity on the streets, and the gentle sex seemed ready for exhibition. Most of the women on the streets were native and their attire was most interesting. The mother hubbard dress is the common covering here, and when made of flashy colors and thrown over a squatty little brown form that waddles not ungracefully along the street it is not unattractive. The ladies' hats were of varied shapes and colors, but usually decorated with an abundance of flowers. But when one meets a bevy of smiling young women, with showy dress, gaudy hats and well-fitting gloves, modestly swinging an umbrella, and notices hat the skirts are short enough to reveal pretty ankles and plump bare feet, a smile usually follows the bow of recognition, for these damsels are likely to salute you. On the streets one meet about as many Portuguese as natives. These are fully as dark as the natives, and It is not always easy to distinguish between them, but as a rule the color of the Portuguese is more sooty, the form more angular, the features harder and the stride more stiff and masculine. Here the clean cut, good natured little Jap and the lean stoical son of Confucius cut a great figure. Nowhere have I seen so strong a tendency for amalgamation. There must to some charm about these native women, in spite of their taste for gin and promiscuous caresses, for this is the most motley squad I ever beheld. You will see the blonde Scandinavian. Englishman and American with the dark native wife, and the cute little children of all colors and tint.-. The Japs and the heathen Chinee, too, find this a common ground, for they have taken unto themselves so many native women as wives that the gulf between these opposite races Is spanned, the line of separation is expurged and the connecting link firmly established. I saw a funeral procession and it was worthy of study. There were forty carriages, all filled; there were handsome gentlemen, elderly, with silk hats, kid gloves, ruddy faces and white or liirht vbeard and mustache, Fhowing American English or other light races, sitting composedly aside of a pleasant dusky wife, with children in plenty, of many hues, crowding the vehicle wi'h the "fond rarents." As before remarked. I bent my way to the police headquarters. These I found in charge of Americans, who wry courteously gave me all the information possible in the time granted. Put the scenes. Several of the old girls, with watery eyes, bruised faces, dusky skin and more dusky expectations, had just been turned out of the calaboose and were receiving their accustomed lecture for their overpractice of tluir "Christian" vices. With musical tones, though in words that sounded like broken k's, long a's and prominent l's rattled together in an old milk crock, warmed their old promises over, and having sanctified them with their tears, were sent on their way "to sin no mole." What grotesque pranks these frail children of God cut when "snatched from the mouth of a yawning hell" by a well-fed "servant of the Most High" and handed over to the tender mercies of Christian "society." Then the great bell clanged forth Its hollow tones, echoing along tha tranquil harbor, and tumultously dyiner away in the deep plens and romantic defiles of the picturesque mountains. I "fell In" and followed a motley mass, "A mixtle, mlxtle, motley sipind. Wie money a guiit bespotted lad. Black coats a each denomination, Anl thlves of ivery rank and station." Burrs. to a massive church several blocks from the dock. Yes I went to church, for 1 wanted to study the animals. It was very interesting. I found it to be the Portugese catholic cathedral. As strange and mixed a mass of variously dressed peopl of nations and ranks one could hardly conceive of. From the "whitehaired Goth" to the crinkle-haired African, all were there and the color and the smell and tho chant blended In a tplendid harmony. About one-third of the "crowd" were barefooted, a third of the ladies wore "mother hubbard" dresses usually red and fully a third looked very like sanctified thieves and hypocrites. It was amusing to see "John Chinaman." with his jute queue dangling at his bare calves, marching up to the. tank with a horde of Japs, Kanakas, Portugese, Ocobians, Fijians. Dagos, etc., and scattering the holy petroleum over his cunning face. There was a small army of thin-chested "teachers." sour-lojklng nuns, obedient bell-boys, and though the Lord's house was clumsily furnished in the main body, the altar was adorned with all the gaudy and grotesque paraphernalia, inherited by Chrisltianity from ancient paganism. These people seem to be Aery pious from the teeth out but their religion seems to have had about the same influence in their real morals and beliefs as it has in other countries, for here it is notorious that the people, regardless of sex, prefer a small bottle of gin "in sight" to an option on eternity of "milk and honey," and to the pleasures following the hoolle hoolle to loafing through the golden streets of "New JeruBalem" in the "Rweet bye and bye." That Christianity is but a rauty film to hide from unobservlng eyes the ancient superstition is plain, for while on common occasions a silent prayer will answer the call of conscience. In case of need the black pig's head Is the "open sesame" for all the ills of life, and the sacred black pigs are bred with care In the suburbs of the city. But what can the monks who tell them so many pretty stories about people dying, or the priests and preachers who beg their substance to build cathedrals do for them? Their religion Is of another land, their gods new and untried, their miracles old and were performed on trivial occasions, while this generation has seen with their own eyes the amazing manifestations of their own deity. But a few months ago, a party accompanied by a prostestant priest visited a gorge near the Pali. Tradition says the gods of Hawaii hover over it and demand an "offering" from all who pass. The "person" smilingly spoke of the pretty tradition, and breaking a bow gently cast It to the ground at the gorge's entrance. All save one did likewise, while he remarked. "I will not be silly enough to aid in the perpetuation of a childish superstition." Probably none of them really believed anything about It. but It was a fading tradition, a decaying superstition, Hnd like a fairy tale was revived on this visit. But as the happy party procveded up the kanion, a small, looee boulder from the mountain side came rolling down, and striking the gentleman who "profaned" the place, it killed him. ThH was a fact or so related to me and the coincidence of the death of a man after jesting about the fairy tale, more deeply Impressed the people than all th Jonah and Sampson yarns that could be spun In all time. But a few years ago the great volcano.

Mauna Loa, on tin island of Hawaii proper, was belching forth Its rivers of molten lava. Slowly down the mountain 6ide it rolled and crept, down to the native cottages, down, down In Its resistless course, a lurid river of fire by night and a smoldering, moving mass of heated matter by day, down, down, down over the pastures, sweeping awav hamlets, covering fields, orchards and gardens; the priests pray, beads are counted till j fingers are sore, women weep and chil- ' dren cry, but the heavens are mute as ' on and on rolls the mighty destroyer. But from the great island the dread catastrophe was made known to the old princess Ruth. Her retainers were summoned, her boat manned and soon she stood in solemn mooc confronting the

on rolling majestic river rf rock anl fire. Her people gazed with trembling awe, the princess In mysterious words and Incantations approached her dlety ar.d behold! tne rumnling ceased, tha molten mass stood still, and to this day a hard wall stands erect, for the gods had said, thus far and no farther. These were facts. The old brown woman was there when the lava stream stopped; and bow many apple stories, polite stories about Lot nnd his daughters and st ries about Jacob wrestling with angels, etc, of a few thousand years ago will it take to eradicate tfc memory of this mighty manifestation? of the power of the g-l of Hawaii from the minds cf the peopl"? Not until tha vices introduced by our Christlon civilisation has broken the last link that binds the gentle pagan of Hawaii to the memory of his ancestors. Well. Honolulu a. lovely spt. It Is the paradise of the Pacific Two thousand miles from other land, under tha soft tropical skies, with a rich, volcanl ashy soil, that produces luxuriantly all the tropical fruits and plants, cocoa, rice, bananas, sucur, effee and innumerable other plants, vegetables and flowers; with a climate as mild as the liquid eyed beauties that flirt on these enchanting isles, it is one of the loveliest places to spend a winter and a fortune, and to cultivate in hd. nee and a lack of faith in humanity, on earth. ?nd all those with more c.ish and more morals than jui-d.-d in the states, can rii themselves f b.th here in the space that would p-t m but a dream. Soon I will write -n the political situation of Hawaiian affairs. Just b'f. to steaming 'Ut of the harbor of Honohdu with a party from the good ship Watrimo... visited the 1'nited States fingship Philadelphia and" formed acquaintance with her gallant officers. Casting f ind memory across in.ft'i.') miles of Waves niil waste, I hope my American friends are well. G xd bve, GEORGE W. BELL.

THINK THEY DID RIGHT. A TALK ITH Till: IKV WHO MIOT llVE WHITE CAP. William nnd Samuel Cnnrnd. Who ( rriilnl n t.rmt n:it inn in Uarrlmiii fount?, on Their Way to the Went Their Story of the Killing of I'lvf l'riiiU lloiv They Wert Warned nnd Where They llnc lleeu 1.1 lug. LOUISVILLE. K. Dec. .'.Special. The Evening Tita s publishes the following this evening: William and Samuel Conrad, the brothers who dealt such a stunning blow to white-cap rule in southern Indiana three months flg-, were in the city this morning and left tbis afternoon for Kansas, where they will endeavor to make a new home. They came here from Meade county, where they have been ever since ti.e tight at their home, bear t Laconia, Ind.. which resulted In the killing of fiv: of the band of white cap who bad intended to drive them out tf that locality. Until now the two brothers have been keeping thtir whereabouts from tb friends of the men who were killed, an 1 all efforts to find them have proved futile. At the time of the tragedy every effort was n iii Je by the reporters to find the Conr.id brothers to get their statement regarding the nffair, but to no purlM.se, and when they were seen at th Union station at Tenth and Broadway this morning by a p porter for the Times they talked freely if the killing and stated that they had never before been given an opportunity to present their sido of the matter to th-j public. William Conrad sike for both of them and during his recital of the particulars of the killing of the white caps bis brother prompted him several tlms, but bad little to say for himself. Their story of the fight in their own language would till three columns of any newIaper and what they said about the tight proper was substantially the same as the particulars published at the time. It baa always been a matter of wonder that the brothers knew on just what night the j'ttack wa.s to be made, and It was supposed that, after having received warning of what was coming, they had stood guard for several nights before the attack was made. Such is not the case, however, for they knew two days before Just what time the white caps were t come and were prepared for them. They gained this information by the merest accident, and one of the men who wa killed was o blame for the disclosure of the secret. Their mother had occasion to visit a counlrv store in that itciiborhor! two days before the attack was made, and, while seated near an open window, ehe hecrd a man named Tlmberlake tell another man, xvhos iihhi the brothers do not know, all about the proposed attack. Tht two men did nbt know that she heard tfurn, and she did not betray her presence to them, but upon reaching home f-he told her two sons what m corulngr. They had been warned to leave tht part of the country several day before, and this warning, coupled with what their mothr had overheard, led them to prepare for the attack. On the night of the tragedy the brothers secreted themselves In the sarJen in front of their dwelling and awaited the coming of the "regulai r." William took a poM-tli-n to th right of the dvr thirty yards from it. whil Samuel hid In a correpondInir position on the other side of th door. Their mother bad been sent away . .'fore dark. Whn the white caps arrived some of them passed between th brothers and stepped upon the porch. Their repeated knocking; at th dior, of course, brought no response from within the house, and 1'ney threatened to force an entrance. Then, and not until then, the Conrad, brothers opened fire with their shotguns, tiring four shot In all. The puns were loaded with buckshot, and four phots were all that were necessary, for. as Is well known, five men fell upon the porch. The lire was returned, but no aim was taken, for the brothers i-ouM not be seen by their enemies, and the attacking rarty l-nt a hasty retreat. The foregoing is tlie substane of their story of the troubl told briefly. What beeame of the Conmis after the killing has never leen known until now. A numlxr of persons reported h.ivinp s 'en them afterward, but loth L ruth era declare that these reports were false. "W'e remained In the garden." said William Conrad, "until we were ure ih men had gone, then we made for the river. We had made every preparation to escape if they were too many for us. and when we Rot to the river we ;ot a f klft and came over to Kentucky. We went at once to the home of a relative near Lock Haven, where we remained until the neit day, when we started to return. "On the way we learned that peace warrants had been aworn out for us and we did not jro near our home again. A. IHherman told us the hou;e had been burned and we had no reason to go back there. Until this llshennan told us what had been done at Corydon we did not know how many had been killed, ajid It was from hlrn that we sot the names of the dead. Then we returned to Hock Havra und afterward went to (Irahamton, here we Rot work In a saw mill. W'e have t-eri there ever since, snd have earned enouKfj money to leave this part of the country, and we are going to have." Where are you KotnK?"wa a&ked. "We are polng to Kansas first. have relatives near Wyandotte, tnd will see when we reach there what we will do. Our only purpose In stajlng here teils long waa to get enough money to net away from here. Our mother will remain here until we are able to send for her. e do not think we have done any more than anyother man would have done, and we da not IhUik we are murderers,"