Indiana State Sentinel, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 May 1892 — Page 6

7 THl INDIANA STATE SENTINEL, WEDNESDAY MORNING. MAT 4, 1892 TWELVE PAGES.

LARGE OR SMALL FARMING.

WHAT SENATOR CASEY OF NORTH DAKOTA THINKS. Other Matter for the Consideration of Arrlettlt urlsta Winter Groin Favlrsiew Farm Papers N. 1 MiaJlow Culttravtion Mutton nrt Wool Production Preparing Cor Lund Cutom Vtrm L iw Dons tho Oarden I' J F&riu 'ot Iicip llealtb II Ol. Senator Ca?ey of North Dakota has 5, (XX) acres of lanci under cultivation. lie was recently asked whether the tendency of the times ii toward email farina rather than large one?, and his answer was: "No, I think everything points to expansive farming." The senator i described as a man of broad ideas and a student of all questions relating to tho agricultural interests of the country. Aa euch his opinions aro worthy our most careful consideration. The subject id one of deep interest to every farmer. What does expansive farming mean? All the government land of any value is now taken by settlers, and the. expansion can only come by absorption of tho holdings of small farmers. It means a reduction in the number of independent farm, ern, and the control of our lpnd by syndicates or large private owners. "We often meet with such views of late, and the reaeon given for them is that combination for the sake of cheapening production is the tendency of the ae, and that iarmiug can be no exception. The claim ia that the 6mal! farmer cannot successfully compete T.ith the "bonanza" farmer. 1'roof is offered in tha wheat production of the northwest at a price far below the cost on email eastern farina. The email cost of this wheat, however, is not due in any great degree to tho magnitude of the area. The eoil had made it possible to grow wheat continuously, and the machinery u?el in grain growing has had full use each year, and the cost of a bushel of wheat on cheap land has been small, but a change in the near future confronts these farmers. The fertility can be reetored only by a wise rotation of crop., including preen manuring or commercial fertilization, ami then tnirj cheap production of wheat will be a thing of the past. Wheat is especially suited to "expansive" farming, and few diliiculties arbe, but after the first fertility of the eoil is .pone, and the farmer is reduced to a rational basis, based upon mixed farming and restoration of fertility, every practical farmer knows that each variety of soil 'needs special treatment, and wholesale 'methods do not bring good results. The profits on many farms come irorn a study oi the adaptation of the soil of each field, nd special cropping to suit it. If thousands of acres of such land were thrown together and handled alike as in "expansive" farming, there would be no prolit. We cannot forecast the future with certainty, but many of m do n..t believe that uch views as those held by the senator nd others are in accord with the "logic of the situation." The tendency ;s rather toward smaller farms and more intensive farming. It is true that the census f hows an increase in the number of very large farms during the past ten years. This i3 due to the extent in area "of cheap land brought under cultivation. These large farms do not lio in the East in any considerable number. The laws of inheritance tend to division and subdivision. Decrease in acreage leads to better tillage and large yields, and indirectly to :heapened production. The extensive grain production in the northwest arguea nothing for the future. In the interest of ttie people as a wholo we hope and trust that expansive farming w ill be a failure. Home are the safeguard of our government. The land should be owned .by tho?e who till it, and the number of holdings should increase rather than diminish. A few acres well tilled make a home, and the future will dot our land with many tens of millions of them. IVlntar Oralu. The April report of agriculture, giving londition of winter grain crop9, is always awaited with much interest. The average londition this ppring of the wheat crop in the United States is placed at 81.2 per rent. Lest year when wa produced 011,DOO.OOO bushels, the April condition was istimated at 90.9 per cent In 1S90, when the crop was only 399,0)0,000 bushels, the April condition was 81 per cent., being the same as this ppring. In lSs:, with an April condition of 91 per cent., wo raised 49ü.U00,CG0 bushels. In LSsS, with condition estimated at J2, we produced 415JOO.000 bushels. It will be noted that the production of he last four years was in striking proportion to the percentage of a good condition Indicated by the spring report. Last ear's yield was in excess of the amount ihe reported condition indicated, and this was due in part to the enormous yield cf Ihe spring wheat region, a factor that does net enter in the estimate made in tho report, as the seeding is not yet done. The yield of spring wheAt and the weather conditions affecting the winter grain are unknown quantities as yet, as the April report is in no wise decisive of harvest yields. Still, the history of tho last lew years leads one to anticipate a much emaller crop than was harvested last summer, and unless the acreage of spring wheat is greatly enlarged, conservative estimates would place next harvest's yields under .Vm.fM.OuO bushels, a reduction of 1 11,000.000 bushels from 1S91. Much now depends upon the weather in Ihe great northwest. 1 airriaw farm Pnperi No. 1 fir Daylrl. I am to write some letters for The Se.vJinix, giving the method of culture of rops found Lest tor mv farm. The older I grow, and the more I study my farm and Us possibilities, the surer I am that there s much yet to learn before mv income is M (treat aa it should be. In those letters there will bo a record of many mistakes, but I hope to make it plain that we can often profit by mistakes fully as much as by little successes. No one has mastered the pcieno or the art of agriculture and tet down infallible rules for our guidance, and so we mtiFt continne to experiment and to study, holding fjst to that which we prove by tri il. "Mv tarn was naturally fertile, but when it came under my control it waa badly run down. The rule bad been to sell the fctuir off the farm, and few acres bad ever had any barnyard manure or commercial fertilizer. Much of the land is quite fiat and was lacking in drainage. Aa I had no ca:it;.l to begin extensive drainage, the outlook was not very incoaraging. My neighbor claimed that they were not making money, and eome of them are rated as good farmers, too. Now, let ir e ay riht here, that I have not gotten ricbof7th fftrui. but I have lonrned to build up its fertility and to raise some rathe large crops, and it is of these things 1 am to write. A record of the results of my experiments and woe successes may help young readers of The extixf.l, to give more thought to their work and try to do a little better each year. I give more credit to clover than to any other one anent in the increased ability of

my farm to produce good crops. The clover plant is a wondenul friend of the farmer when treated right. It furnishes a prodigious amount of available plant food for a crop. The lone tap root goes down into the earth seeking the elements of plant food that nature stored in the subsoil, or that have leached by the action of water. Then the plant gathers nitrogen from the air, and an acre of them combines in their tops and roots many dollars' worth of lertiiizer. I have sown many hundreds of dollars' worth of clover seed, but have gotten back ten to thirty-fold its value in fertilizer. It is getting late in the season to bow clover seed, but one may get a cood stand if sown in the fields of small grain. It is my rule never to leave a wheat field un.-eeded to cloTer. I make the w heat crop t preparation for clover, depending on other crops for l ost profit. My best cash Prop has been and still in potatoes. It is not a specialty, as I lind it pays to diversify crops and to keep some kind of ßtock ; but I der-end upon potatoes for the surest cash returns. My second paper will treat of potatoes. Shallow CultlTntlnn. The president of a farmers' institute, before which The Sentinel farmer was lecturing, asked all the members who practiced shallow cultivation of corn to rise to their feet, and afterward called upon the advocates of deep cultivation to do likewise. The vote showed that the farmers were about evenly divided in their practice. The men who attend institutes are usually alert and progressive, and this vote emphasizes the fact that the masses are far from any agreement upon the fundamental principles of agriculture. It is true that the practice must often be varied to euit the different conditions, and herein lies the secret of many men's success, but it is a nearly invarialle rule with our most successful farmers that the roots of our corn plants should not be pruned alter the corn is half grown, and that the disturbing of the roots at any time is defensible only on the ground that the mechanical condition of the soil demands that a thorough loosening be given it. The theory is advanced that the roots of the corn plant are inclined to grow near the surface and that it is best to cut them otrby deep picwing in order to inducethe plant to root deeper and thus be enabled to withstand drouth. The fact is that corn is native to a warm climate and the roots grow nearer the surface in search of the sun's heat. The colder earth beneath is not congenial to the plant and is incapable of forcing the best growth. Deep rooting does assist in wardine off the ill elferts of dry weather, but an inch or two of fine earth mulch is vervellective. This is gotten by repeated stirrings of the surface. It retards the evaporation of moisture by breaking up tno capillaries in the earth and holds the water in the soil. All injury to the roots of a plant retards growth of the too, and it is only by shallow cultivation that this can be prevented. Ou most soils w e are learning to let corn roots feed in the warm ground near Ihe surface, watching to keep them protected by an earth mulch. Mutton i nil AVool Production. The president of the Ohio wool-growers' association thinks that there is a too constant cultivation of the arable land of his and adjoining states. He lately said: 'Tnder present conditions, if continued, Ohio farmers as a rule will be gradually impoverishing their lands, diminishing their crop products, and in the not far distant future sterility will brood over the state, and every county will abound in abandoned htrni3. The dangers are eminent. The alarm should be sounded and the proper remedy applied." This sensational statement is made in an argument whose aim is to prove that the tariir ehould be eo increased that the farmers of the United States would be induced to increase their Hocks to 100,000,000 head, instead of the 4:;,XH"00 they now possess. This llock-rnaster thinks that this number would produce ÖOO.OlX),000 pounds of unwashed wool, all that we would require for our use. Statistics do not indicate that any such calamity stares the people in the face as is picturod in the statement about the sterility of the land. The yields of grains and vegetables last year were extraordinary. Yet it is true that stock-raising tends to the rapid upbuilding of worn land and maintenance of farm fertility, and an increase in number of sheep upon a pound and enduring basis is most desirable. Such a besis would be found in n increased popular demand for mutton. The merits of the true mutton sheep as a food-producing animal do not appear to be known to one-fourth of our people. Fork is tho principal meat on the farm and its exclusive use is not advisable, farmers can raise a few sheep for meat ns cheaply as any other animals, and can do so utterly regardless of tariir regulations. In this connection it may interest the reader to learn how this friend and advocate of ultra protection undertakes to account for the prevailing low prices of wool. He says: " Wopl-grower naturally ask if protection protects why is wool to low in price? Among the reasons are these: First, the mildness of the past two winters hp.s lessened the demand for woolen goods; second, importers, in anticipation of the passage of tho McKinley bill, imported largely; third, the increase in the number of sheep and wool product for foreign countries now in excess of the world's domands." The question then arises in every flockmaster's mind, if there is 6uch a surplus above tho world's demands is it just the time to talk of more than doubling our productions. However, decide that as we may, we may do w ell to arrange to make mutton a more important item in our meat supply. Keep a few cheep if possible. I'rrpnrtng Com Lnnil, A good farmer has been using a device of his own for many years in the preparation of hie clover sod land for corn, and as be is eminently successful it will pay us to study it a little. His theory isthat on his land, which is a clay loam, much of the labor he formerly expended in the spring in the preparation of a seed bed was worse than wasted, and at a time when work was pushed. The land between the rows, of course, wan just as fine as the soil in the row, and the result was that heavy rains made it too solid and caused a crust to form. He determined to concentrate his work on the few inches in which the corn row was made, making it as perfect a seed bed as possible and leaving the other land for future pulverization. He took a heavy board, one foot wide and about six feet long, and in it bo fastened a dozen sharp harrow teeth. By means of an upright the draft was attached, and this long, narrow harrow was weighted so as to give about the same draft as a common one that covers six or Seven feet. I'.y means of this implement a strip of ground one foot wide was pulverized most thoroughly, the horses being driven as straight as if attached to a planter. Every four foot of ground was thus pulverized, and the harrow was followed by the planter. The width of the prepared strip twaive inches permitted the driver of the planter to make the rows sufficiently straight for all purposes. It can he seen that this man concentrated on ono foot of ground the work usually given to four feet. After the corn is planted and the work is less pressing attention is then Children Cry for

given to the rest of the ground. It dries more quickly than it would have done if worked down fine, and as poon after a rain as the soil will permit the roller and barrow are used. These workiugs keep the field clear of weeds, and let the corn come up in fresh ground. There is much in this method to commend, and the writer sees nothinir to condemn. The farmer using it is well satisfied, and bis yields of corn bear evidence to the thoroughness and akillfulness of his farm practice. C n.tom Ver.na Law. Every state fixes by law the weight of a bushel of the various grains and vegetables. It is the common understanding among farmers that such a determination of legal weights is final in all sales when nothing is said, but Wisconsin furnishes a different view, as presented bv a court of justice. A farmer sold 4,000 bushels of barley and when the dealer took fifty pounds for a bushel the seller went to law to compel a settlement at forty-eight pounds which is th legal weight, but the court decided that fifty pounds made a bushel within the meaning of ttie contract because it is the custom to take that amount. There is an unpleasant sugcestion in this decision that dealers may by custom overrule law, and there is some hearty denunciation of such an ex if ting eta'te of all'airs: but, in fact, it is hard to see wllerein any particular injustice is done any one. Buyers pay only what coinoctition compels them to pay, and very naturally a bushel of fifty pounds will com maud a bet ter price than one of forty-eicht pounds. If the dealer thought a seller could and would rule him down to forty-eight pounds when custom demanded fifty pounds for a bushel of barley or other grains, then would be offer less per bushel ? The direct barm consists in the possible influence upon outside buyers that quotations for extra bushels may have. Very naturally they may appear too high to tempt other bidders who do not know that fifty pounds are being delivered instead of forty-eight. Indirectly, however, the barm is found in the disregard and practical repeal of law by dealers. It would be better to make sure of the equity of the law and then secure its enforcement. Ioa tha OariU.i Inj? If one may judge from tho usual appearance oi farm gardens, it is fair to assume that garden crops do not give as good returns for labor performed as do field crops. We are naturally inclined to give our first attention to the best paying crops. Every farm has its cash crops, socalled in distinction from those consumed cn the farm. The tendency is to confound the cash crop witn th best paying crop. This is often a mistake. In this wav some letrn to thiuk that labor andjnanure put upon the garden is half wasted, and they are too often begrudged to that part of the farm. "What are the facts ? Tho cheapness of country living is chielly due to the abundance of farm supplies, thus saving grocery bills. The garden can furnish more than half tho table supplies throughout the year. The amount of food that a haiftilled garden can supply is a matter of surprise. I'ork is the popular meat on the farm, and is a .-trontr meat for workers, but its effects on our health would be injurious were it not for the amount of vegetables we cat. The family health roquires an abundance oi vegetables and fruits when wo make pork nearly our sole meat. The garden always requires more labor than any other equal area of the farm. This being eo, it always pays to have the soil rich, in crder that the labor may give big returns. If your garden is not very fertile, it is best to plow under a good coat of well-rotted manure, and then top-dressing will answer for the future. It should be the dryest land on the farm, and then it will get the first half day's work after rains all summer w hile waiting on other ground. A good garden is a paying investment. Form Note. Window boxes serve we'l for prodncing early plants where hotbeds are inconvenient. Many plants for tho flower garden may be propagated by cuttirgs, among them verbenas, coleue, petunias, roses, heliotropes and chrysanthemums. Experienced celery growers pronounce the white plumo to be the best market variety and the new rose tho beet for home use. New rose is also said to bo less subject to rust than some varieties. Plow the corn land and work it over fine with the harrow. It may save time to lay off the rows and plow after planting, but it lessens the yield. Have the rows perfectly straight, th soil fine, and much labor will be Baved later in the season. The Japan persimmon, which is coming to the front as a verv desirable fruit, is easily grafted on the native persimmon. It is not aa hardy north of Maryland as the native variety, but it is believed that when grafted on the native it will bo hardy in this section. The early Wilson blackberry has no superior in sizo and attractiveness, but it is gradually becoming extinct, owing to the ravages of the blackberry borer, which eenis to avoid nearly a'l other varieties, but attacking tho Wilson principally. There is no remody but vigorous cutting and burning of the wood removed. In some sections the white grub is an enemy to tho strawberry grower. Solutions of the leaves of burdock, or of quassia wood, poured around the plants, will prevent the attacks of the grub, but the remedy is too expensive for general use. If a plot is cultivated by planting hoed crops on it for three or four years before using it for strawberries, the worms will be destroyed. It is not economical to attempt to save pace ' by Betting out young trees very close in a prospective orchard. Plenty of room permits of better cultivation of' the eoil and more rapid growth of the trees. Peaches should bo placed about twenty feet or more each way and pear trees not closer than twenty-five feet. The advantage of room will be noticed and appreciated when the trees come into bearing. Linseed meal is probably the most valuable of all foods used for feeding stock, considering its cost. It is not only a valuable food, but promotes digestion, as well as enriching the manure. Boing highly nitrogenous as well as carbonaceous, and containing a large proportion of mineral matter, it is used to supply any deficiency existing in fodders or "other coarse foods used for feeding, and it is excellent for both producing animals and for yoong stock. 'The principal cause of failure in the germination of flower seeds is that they are covered with too much earth. All flower seeds should be in rows and only the slightest coveriug given, simply sifting a little earth on very small seeds serving the purpose. Watch the rows carefully until the young plants are well smarted, as grass and weeds may crowd them. The soil ehould be worked to a fine condition before planting the seed, using the rake until not a lump can be seen. Th is is an excellent time to give each raspberry plant a good shovelful of manure. The raspberry responds well to good treatment, and it pays to manure tho canes. If neglected, however, the canes do not grow and thrive, and soon become nuisances. A single row of raspberries about 100 feet long will afford a supply of fruit for a family if the canes are PItcher'c Cactorla;

cut back, the o'd ones removed and manure and cultivation given. They follow on the table directly after strawberries. . It is difficult to convince some fruit growers that it would pav them to thin out the fruit on the trees by picking off one-half of the crop. Many trees that will not mature the lruit when the trees are loaded down can be made to yield a good crop of marketable fruit if the trees were given an opportunity of eo doing. The maturing of the seed is the inot exhaustive process of fruit bearing, and it is as great a tax on a tree to produco inferior fruit as it is to mature a crop of better quality, but fewer in number. To prevent the tomato rot many remedies have been tried, but those who have given the matter their attention claim that tho best preventive is to put the tomato plants on a i.ew location. That is. they should not be grown on land that has before pro iuced a crop of tomatoes until an interval of three or four years has elapsed. Experiments with the tomato last season demonstrated that plants on new locations were free from rot, while those on lau 1 that had been planted to tomatoes two years before produced fruit that rotted. lire'. !. To Wash Cotton Fabrics In order to prevent colors from running or fading throw a handful of salt into the suds and into the rinso water. Hashed Potatoes Cut the potatoes as for a pie; put them in a pau with a little chopped onion, pepper and salt, add a little butter, allowing about half an ounce to each pound of potatoes, and quarter of a pint of water; cover the pan and let them stew moderately about thirty or thirtyfive minutes. Ham Toast Slices of toasted bread with the crust cut off, two eggs, two tablespoonfuls of butter, so i e cold ha'n or tongue grated Put the yolks and whites, well beaten, into a stewp&n, with tho butter; stir them two minutes over the fire, spread them over the toast and lay over them a sufficient quantity of cold ham or tongue. Potato Soup A quarter of a pound of butter, three large onions peeled and sliced small; stew in a Ptew-pan until brown; stir frequently. When ready have peeled three or four dozen of medium size white potatoes and slice them into the stew-pan with the onions and butter. Pour sufficient boiling water over for the amount of soup desired. Eet them boil for two hours and then strain through a sieve in a soup tureen. Season with enlt and pepper. Havana Soup Grate one cocoanut and simmer it in one quirt of veal stock for half an hour. (Veal stock is made by eimmoriug two pounds of veal bones in two qusrts of cold water until reduced onehalf, then strained.) Strain the stock to remove the cocoauut and add to the liquor one pint of cream. Heat again, and when boiling add one heaping tablespoon corn starch mixed smoothly with one tablespoon of hot butter. Season with salt and wliito pepper. Beat the yolks of two eggs, add one cup of broth, pour into the tureen, turn in the boiling broth and mix well. Jerve with boiled rice. To Cook a Young Chicken Scalding water is too hot for young chickens. Put in a pint of cold water to halt' a gailon of hot. When scalded, pick the chicken clean, taking ulf the pin feathers. Put it in a pun of cold water and wash off what feathers remain; then hold it over the Haines andscorch off the hairs. When ready to fry, put in the pan two spoonsfuls of lard and ono spoonful of butter When hot, have tho chicken cut up and well drained; salt and pepper, and roll the pieces in Hour and brown them well on both side, being can-i ul not to bnru them. Cover tightly and place on the back of the stove, with a very little water, to hteam a few minutes. Have ready one pint of cream or milk, in which one spoonful of flour has been smoothly mixed. Take out the chicken and put the pan over the fire. Stir in the milk and flour and this makes good gravy. To Cook Hhubarb The abundance of rhubarb now in market from tn South calls fresh attention to the value of this herb, both as a pie-plant and for stewing, as well as for rhubarb wine. The best way of cooking rhubarb is to wash tho stalks, cut them in small pieces without peeling them and throw them in an earthen pipkin with about two tablespoonfuls of water to every bunch of rhubarb. Let them cook slowly in the pipkin after also adding about a cup of sugar to a bunch of rhubarb. The rugar will draw the juice out of the rhubarb, and when this is accomplished the pot should be pulled forward gradually and tho rhubarb stewed until tender. Tate of it and add more sugar if it is needed. This makes a rich red sauce and is far richer than when the rhubarb is poeled. For pies, line a platter with rich crust, egg it with the white of on egg, fill it with fresh pie-plant cut in pieces, add a cup of sugar and a half teaSKonful of butter. Cover it with a very thin, rich crust and bake it for about an hour. When the pies are done eprinklo them with powdered sugar. Leave the oven door open for fifteen minutes after the pies are sprinkled with sugar and before they aro taken out.

llMAlth Hints. Sunshine In selecting a site for the summer residence or the all-year-round home, bear in mind that light is needful for a healthy life. The rays of the sun are a powerful disinfectant and they ferret out hosts of impurities. Pemember the adage, 'Where the sun does not go the doctor does." Candy and Other Sweets Persons who exclude fro:n their diet bread aud potatoes and partake largely of meat and greens, should eat freely of 6weet stuffs cake, puddings and candy. Sweets will not disturb digestion if taken with meals. It is the between-meal eating that does the barm. Bread and potato eaters require very little sweet food. It is needful for the proper performance of all the bodily functions to have sugar in the 6ytem. Many foods not sweet to taste furnish sweets for the blood through the digestive changes they undergo. If these substances are excluded from the diet the best substitute would necessarily be a true sweet at the beginning. Hot-water Bags The inestimable value of hot and cold applications in various forms of disease cannot be too strongly emphasized. Until the advent of the rubber hot-water bag, we never knew how to conveniently and comfortably apply the beat or cold. o family ehould be without ono it is better to liavo two or three in the house. They are made in various sizes and chapes, of one to three quarts capacity more or less. Bags are made for the spine, the head, the back, in the form of belts and so on. Persons subject to neuralgia of the stomach experienco great relief from using a hot-water bag, belt or bandage. Every kind of stomach and bowel pain is much helped by putting on the hot-water bag. In cold waather they are such a boon to persons with weak circulation. Old people complain moat bitterly of the cold. The back the ieet cannot be kept or even gotten warm. Hot water at the back and feet will give them great comfort. Tho same bags may be used to make applications of cold water or pounded ice for a "splitting" headache. There can be found no quicker and better cure. Incessant Til The folly of contlant, unceasing work is never comprehended nor realized until serious damage to health brings the toiler to a standstill. Then, wheu too late, he begins to rest. Every man, woman or child, no matter how strong, how well fitted mentally and phy

sically to withstand and combat fatigue, should not go on and on and crowd into each day the labor of two days. Take the average business man. bow often does tie treat himself to a vacation?" Follow him ut at forty-five or fifty years of age he is old and broken down, or worse maybe, an inmate of an asylum for the insane, suffering from a malady known as paresis a self-caused disease wholly preventable. The late brilliant Dr. Gedding Bird of London furnished a notable example of the folly of overwork. He fully realized his mistake and said to a professional friend one day : "You see me, at a little over forty, in full practice, making my several thousand per annum. Hut I am today a wreck. I have a fatal disease of the heart, the result of anxiety and hard work. I cannot live many months, and my partim? advice to you is this: Never mind at what loss, take your annual mx weeks' ho iday. Jt may delay your success but it will insure its development. Otherwise you may tind yourself at my ago a prosperous practitioner, but a dying old man." Any worker may profitable take to heart this eminent doctor's advice. Ventilation The healthy atmosphere in a room is one in which the air is changed to the extent of X,000 cubic feet per hour per adult inmate. The air admitted need not be cold ; warmed air, so long as it is fresh, is of course preferable to cold air in winter, but in some wav tho air must be brought in if we are to continue in health. There are various ways cf doing this. One is by admitting cöl i air eo that it is directed upward toward the ceil

ing, where the air of the room is at the highest temperature; the cc:d stream is then heated in its passage ss it falls to the lower level for breathing. But in largo rooms, to utilize at its best this current, there should be in the skirting outlets cominunicoting with a heated upcast fiue, which will draw away the heavy air near the door. In cases where there is heating by hot-water coils, the cold air may be brought in at or near the iloor level and passed through the hot-water coils the outlet for vitiated air being in or near the ceiling to a heated upcast Hue. In larger rooms or buildings for public assemblies it may be necessary with cither of these systems to use a fan, either to propel fresh air into the room or to draw away tho vitiated air. The great desideratum in the admission of fresh air is to cut it up into very fine streams, something in the way water is cut up in passing through the fine rose of a watering can. It has been found that air admitted through a tube or orifice of equal sectional ar. a throughout enters ns a cold draught; butil the inlet be through a series of small truncated cones, the smaller section outward, the larger inward, with a wire gauze on the inside, the current is eo cut up and diffused that the draught is not felt. By analogy, a mass cf water entering through n narrow canal drives all before it and cuts a channel for itself, but the same quantity pa.-9ing over a large surface of ground gently irriußU's it. Another important point is not to let the paceauj of the air be at too qreat a velocity, the gentler the How the. better. CvnU'mporartf Jlerien: IIoiv I nplrimnnt It is to see a beautiful child's face- disfigured with vile humors, bursting through the skin in pimples, blotches aud sores, and sadder still, when the young ami innocent are laughed at aud twitted in all such cases. Parents stiould give tnem that good and pure remedy, Suipuur Bitters, which will search and drive out of tho blood every particle of humor. Health Uazette. llow Thj I.Ike ilia r'.ncjcl ..;..( Mi. To the Editor Sir: Tho revised Encyclopedia Britannica '20 vols.) was received all rigiit. 1 have examined it carefully. It is the grandest work I ever saw, a history of nearly every important act in the world's history. The maps are exceptionally fine and are worth ttie price of the entire work. It is all that vou claim for it. Every American scholar should have it. I am perfectly satisfied. I thank you very much. S. P. Fishes. 2ew Market, In 1., March IS. Pi. AX KINGTON, S. D., Nov. 2. The "Revised l'.ncycloi adia Britannien'' (20 vols.) was duly received. The only wonder is that you can furnish a fine library, covering the whole range of human knowledge, for the small tmm of $7.50. I a'n more than satisfied with my investment. W. 1). Rowland. Mofiitstow.v, X. J., Dec. 9. Your "Revised Encyclopaedia" came to hand all right. I read the preface carefully, and 1 thought if true I had got a bargain. I read the two articles on "Grant" and the "United States." and I am satisfied it was true. Sami el Colt. Anthony, R. I., Dec. '2. The "Encyclopedia Britannica" arrived in due time and in good condition. Pleaso accept my thanks for this very valuable work, which really comprises a complete library in ite f. In my opinion, no one should omit this opportunity to obta:n it. Ella J. Mattlson. I have just received the "Revised Encyclopedia Britannica" and am highly pleased with it. It is just the thing for the country school teacher aud for tho country school. lio m: kt M. AnnixoTo.v, Principal of Saratoga Institute. Et.wiv, 111.. Nov. -1. The "Revised Encyclope dia Britannica" ordered of you received in good shape. It is ail that you claim for it. The print and paper are very good. The colored maps of each state, giving the counties and railroads, as well as colored maps of all other countries in the world, are worth more than you ask for the entire work. It is certainly a rare chance to get valuable a work lot so littlo money. M. A. Conn ard. Bllo't. Wis., Dec. 14. 410 liighland-ave. I feel impelled to offer vou my sincere thanks for the benefit you fiavo conicrred The work has all tho merit you claiin for it, and it is a ndne of eductuion.nl and intellectual wealth which is within the reach of all. I thank you and again I thank you. Thomas P. Northrop. Saik Center, Minn., Dec. 0. We received the "Revised Encyclopaedia" all right and aro well pleased with it. The Encyclopedia is fully up to what you claim for it. The print is much nicer and the paper much better thau we expected it to and the maps of each state and all foreign . countries are the neatest, newest and plainest thiugs we have ever seen. The maps aloue are worth to me nearly all tho whole tiling cost. With proper care the work will lasi a lifetime. L. I Fisher. Snowflake, Va.,Oct. 20. PmitviEW, Minn., Nov. 19. The "Encyclopedia Britannica" came promptly to hand last week, and I find it is all it is represented to be. Having Johnson's, the four volumes costing tne $51, I find it compares favorably, besides being much more convenient to handle and giving the latest results of scientific investigations, etc George Stratto. Independence, la., Nov. 21. I have received the "Revised Encyclopedia Britannica" and am very much pleased. It is all and mere than I expected, and lam perfectly patisCed. R. W. Safford. BIG (MCE TO MAKE HONEY. A X AOEWT WANTED IM EVERY TOWNSHIP JV in Indiana. Special Inducement! to th ruht cn a a. BaatneMetsj od per. rtly respectable. Cat au addaaa aauo. Muu flics. Xudiaa&soli.

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WHAT THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA IS: THE REVISED ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA.

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IF FRINTEP IN ORDINARY BOOK TYPE IT WOULD MAKE ABOUT

of the usual size. It is therefore the greatest work of scholarship and research evei compiled. Besides being one of the best books for general readinir, it is a Dictionary of Art, Science and Literature, to which is added descriptions of American cities and States,with a history of their origin and growth, together with accurate information ot

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Over 7,000 testimonials of the great have to Bay of it: How Thev Like rXANKIXWT y. a P., Not. 2v Tho "UeTL-ei EncTplopa li Britannica," (20 rol. wa dulr receded. Th? only wood -r is tbat jou csn furniilt a fine library, ci'erinjr the whol- ranp oi human knowledge, lor the umall ftuni ot 17 50. I au in uro than ati-jtiod with my investment. W. I. IiOW LAND. MOP.UISTOWS. N. J. Your "ItftTiKd F.neTclopfPdia r:tannlc" came to hand all ruht. I r;ai tha prf on cnrcfuilr. and I thought if tr-jp I had gnt a harg in. I read the tiro artic.rs on "Grant" and tha " L'n't-1 Slat-a" and am satisfied it aa true. 5 AM I EL COLT. ELWIN, I1L, Nor. 21. The "Revitifd Encyclopedia Britannica" ordr1 of yoa receifd in good ahape. It i. all that you claim fur it. The print aud ap?r are Vfrr c od. M. A. CUN A HO. INDEPENDENCE. Iowa, Not. 21. I hare rt cotved the "KeTlKcd nocyclops'Ji Rri tannic" and am ery cnich pirated. It In all and mora than I expected, aud I aiu perfectly eaiinäm. U. W. SAFFORD. 410 Highland are.. PELOIT, Win., December 14. I f '! Impel'el ti o'er tou m j sincere thank for th- lx;u lit you have conferred. The w rt ha all the in rit you c'airu for it. and it lun'ce of educational and int'Mlertt.al wealth which is within the reach of alt. I tuauk you and aain I thank you. Til OS. 1. SOKTHKOP. S.U'K CKKTEP.. Minn., Drc. C We rertiTed the "Iii!viel EncTrlop-fdia" all riht and are well pleased with it. The Kurrciop;rdia i lullr up to what tou claim for it. The i rint is lunch nicer and tho ;aprr much hett r than we expected it to b', a::d the ruai-s of etch Mate and all iorcirn countries ure th neatest, newest, and plaineit thing we hav ever aevn. The niaos alone are worth to mo nearly all the whole cost. Witt proper care the work will last a lifetime. L. L. II Ell. NOW FLAKE, Va, Oct. Jt I h.iTe jut recelTd the 'levisc d Eneje'opirdia Iritanuica" and am highly plead with it. It is

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