Indiana State Sentinel, Indianapolis, Marion County, 16 March 1892 — Page 9

I SECOND PART.

PAGES 9 TO 12. ESTABLISHED 1821. INDIANAPOLIS, WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAltClE 10, 1892-TWELYE PAGES. ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR.

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THE BATTLE BEGUN

Opening of the Big Debate on the Tariff. Intenso Interest Is Shown in the Subject. Gallery and House Packed with Listeners. M'MILLIN'S GREAT SPEECH. He Points Out the Iniquitiesof the McKinley Bill And Shows How It Boars Heavily on the Poor. Farmer and Wage-Earner Suffer by Its Workings. The Eloquent Tennesscean Makes an Unanswerable Argument Against the Protective TarifT System He Is Eagerly Listeiiel To by Senator, Representatives and the Public The Greatest Interest Shown by All Classes of People, AVho Scetn to I'cel That the Tariff" Is the Vital Issue or the Day Dingley Attempts a ICeply Washington. March 0. The tari'J discussion of the Fifty-second congress opened in the house of rerreseatatives today with Representative McMillin (Tonn.) as the leader of the tariT reform forces and Representative Pingley (Me.) a? the defender of tho McKinley law. Ietpite the well-known fact that a discussion cf the tariff is mainly a matter ot comparison of statistics and figures; tLat it is in its essential features but a presentation of apparently irrefutable, yet total. y irreconcilable views, the galleries were well crowded long before the hour of tiie opening, and the public interest inanife.-ted in the debate was greater than on any previous day of the session. To Representative Blount (fiiu a clearheaded parliamentarian of twenty years of congressional experience, was awarded the honor by the speaker and the committee on ways and mean- of presiding over the deliberations cf tho committee of the whole, and when he wearied cow and then of his arduous labors KeiJ. H. PLOI NT. resentative Kilgore, the giant statesman of Texas, was called on to assume the gavel. In the days of long; political wrangling that are to follow in the committee of the whole, Speaker CrisD will find the respite that he has bo much desired. Today lie occupied a seat in the galleries and was as interested an auditor as any of the L'.OUO visitors who bent eagerly forward to catch every word of the partisan orators of the day. i.rrmt Puhllg Intere.t. The well-crowded newspaper galleries attested the public interest that is Leins felt in the discussion of the issues now before the hou", and tho little group that gathered in the diplomatic gallery showed that this interest in the ravenue queetion and the attempt at modification of the existing tanrf laws is shared by some of the nations across the waters. Rut the crowning indication of the importance of the discussion wag in the deep attention which the mem bers themselves gave to the to speakers who represented the two great parties on the question for solution. During the opi n ing speech of Represent tative Rurrows (Mich.) V'f 1 and a few of his leading republican colleagues vacate 1 their seats and gsth- Hfci". iikntoN', ered on the democratic side to be near the Tennessee gentleman as he arraigned their party from a democratic standpoint and defended the justice of the Springer wocd bill and the various measures reported from the ways and means committee to reduce the duties on imports. When Representative Dingley, although not a member of the ways and means committee, opened the discussion on behalf of the republican side no less was the flattering attention raid to him and his arguuicnts by his democratic opponents. Mr. McMillin, as might have been ex pectcd, devoted his attention to a review oi me .iciiii;oy law and its efiects upon commerce, the industries and the wageworkers of the country, and Mr. 1 ingiey naturally sought to defend that law. and infisted that the highest com mercial w;sdom jtisthied its rerretnitv. Spmlr.rr'orliela r ---.- . w . ....... .v, under whose leadership ns speaker of past democratic ftFP. Msoi.EY. houses the tarüf .lebate in this latter half of the century was revived, found the occasion one of euch charm that he left that eeat in tho upper body to which ho ha9 been called by the bluo grass state, and was an attentive listener to the eloquent arguments of Representative McMillin. No Ie3 vigiU'it was the attention with which ex-Speaker Reed noted everv argument, not only ot his friend, but of his political opionent as well, and dct and then there was a twinkle in his eye as he doubtless meditated on stored away in his memory a response to bo made to the democratic arguments when his day should come. Roth the speakers were frequently applauded by their party colleagues, and aj each man resumed bia eat he was the recipient of warm congratulations and a bouquet of mammoth proportions. M'MILLIN'S SPEECH. A Powerful ArrUomnt of th Poller of ihm lto bilean Party. lift. Chairmajc The lait congress Imposed the Lis-heat tan 3 lai sver levied ia this country. It alio mads the moat extravagant appro ? nations ever made here ia tirue of peace, his coejreae was tent here to eorreot both tviia. tltie expenditures in the two -art for whica tLehwtcocxieijajirojiriatC'Ittiiisa tfet

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deficiencies. afzre2.ted Jl, 009,000.000 per capita cnnuall y, or more than "Oo.O OKX) each year about a third of all the tnonry ia existence in the 1'mtei Mate. Wi en we take from our currency the$luo,X)VW of cold held for redemption purposes in the treasury, the reserves required in the national bunks and the dillerent reserves held from circulation in other ways we Cud that these e. peiiJi'.urea reached annual! nearly one-bait of all the money ia actual circulation. Can there he permanent pro.perity while one-balf or even one-lhirl of all the money hns to go through the hands of a federal tax-gatherer every year, besides the taxes for state, county and tuuuieipal purposes? There is a remedy. Impose leas taxes and spend less, lhat is what this congress means to do. Ylir I iltn Ilenrtl ? i!r. Chairman, the tariff" law hag now been in operation for one year and live months. Where ere the beneficial ejects that were to follow from it? Where is that magnificent price the farmer and wool-grower was to realize? Where are the increase! wases the laboring mad was to get? 1 see betöre me many tuen who voted for that monstrous measure. If the facts were with them they would proclaim them to the world. I defy contradietiou when I say the farmer has realized from 2 cents to 3 centi !ep ou the pound from his woolttuu he did before. And 1 challenge any representative here to point to a single line cf manufactures in which the laborers' weei have been increased by that Saw. The laborer ha. h en force'l to pay more for the roof that shelters him, for the bat that cover his head, and the woolens that cover his back, lie has had to pny more tor the linen he wears, the. hammer and hoe which be works with. Yet his v.aees have not cone up 1 etat, W hat benefit ban increased protection been to him? It was panned under pretenee of a defire to benefit Lira, yet, whilst wni;cs stand tdl or go down, what he, his wife and children consume has been inert ned in price uncoilsciouahiy. I ask any ot the republicans of the committee of ways and means to point to a single iaborer whose wacs have been increased by that law. If it dhutnishi the revenue received hy the government, if it does not incren.e the value of the raw rratcri d to the farmer, it it does not im-rtare the wages of the laborer, if it fosters truRf.s if it makes pooling protitable, in heaven's liauia let us not further legalize the roobery, but try eonie Letter method. f arm Vuluri I)eprrciutel. Ilearincs were had before the ways and nuans co:ui..ittee on the McX:nli'y bill. Some tanners end representatives ot agricultural associations onine before the conimittec. Without a single exception so far us I now remember, they testified thnt the value cf furm bud t'oiie flown within the last six years all the way from H" to 10 per cent. Ara-ng those who came urging rtiief i r t!;e peoph; came the many who S'nithr to still further exxct tr.bute fror'i the people fr their own enric'.unetit. If it had been lts serious it wo'il t have b?en ludicrous to LehHd. I he S"etnr;i'y and deeming sincerity with which they aked consjres, while ihe treasury was ovett!v.itg with surplus, to levy higher iuipcrt tiaty en the things the people must consume, in order t!;rt their capital might declare a greater dividend, uud their demand was heeded. Tin- I it x mi Vol. The duty on woo! was in l-'"7 place! at 11 cents u pound n unwashed woo!. 1 his was by a.a agreement entered into between the National sasociat-on of wod manufacturers ar:d the National association of wool crower, and they dictated the terr: to o.ingresa. It was clrimed thai this woulil footer th' (.heep industry and ircieuse the value of wool to the farmer. What were the rest;.:.? In 10, the year alter the enactment of th law raiii)tr the duty on wool, there were 37,'.;.V(;eo sheep in the states east of the Missouri and .Mississippi rivers. In l'.'l there were only JsrtöO1! sheep in the sme territory, a reduction of more than one-half in the twenty-four years when the high tariS oa wool had leen in force this in face ol the fact that the people in thee etat'-s had vastly increased. If the increase of sheep had kept pace with the increase of imputation there would have been probably 7 ", .1 .u.lx i (ireat thiuiji were promied to the state of Ohio in the way of increase in the sheep husbandry by an increased tax on wool. That plate bad in lwiV 6,730.')OO sheep: i 170 it had only 4,!-2'Um); iu l,so. 4.tiH'.,Ui(): in l::. 4,C.'0,XKJ; in l;iithad but.'l.On.O'O, though in lb:l it bad l.l'd.UJ a falling oil of more than one-third iu the state of Ohio during the twenty-one years of protective land on wool, and in that time the population had increased u,ore than one million. Mr. Chairman, the results are not more encouraging in the täte of Illinois, which bad, in 1st IS, 2.7r),ü() sheep, and in l:'l only 771, WO. So I might go through the eastern states. Although investigation of the question shows that the increase in the sheer imdustry has been in the West, where the grazing whs cheap. 'I he price of wool at this time was about onehalf what it was at the time of the passage of the act of March 2, v'-7. The whole matter may be bummed up in the fact that after twenty-Cve years of expei iiucnt with high rr.ies of duty on woo! the result has In en a reduction of cut half in the l umber of sheep in the state eot of the MissirMrpi and Missouri rivers, and a reduction of about oi.e h..lf in the price of wool. Mniiuf arlurrr Hurt Too. Nor have the results been encouraging to wool manufacturers. They have L? en restricted os to the (i'iantay of wool they could afford to bur in the grease by reason of the tariff; they have I een retricte I in market Substantia!! to their own country. They have been forced t u thoddy n s a s uhs t Pi to for woolen goods. 'Ihe o;m that had already fallen from the backs of tegars in other countries havü bepn used ns a sul stif uto for wool. So great wus this that a petition came up from one city, Philadelphia, signed by Mr. Herwig and other1?, c aiming torepresent -i' -t 0 laborers in the textile industries, deimimikig free wiol for the manufacturers of the I'mted States. The tax of 11 cents a pound on wool, it must be remembered, is r.ot a tax on pure wool, but ia 11 cei.i a pound on all tho crease in wool and the dirt in the grease and is said to amouut to 41cctitton every pound of finished cloth. Mr. Chttirman, this high tax on wool has forced the use of vast qunutilies of substitutea for wool shoddy, intingo and other adulterants used in the ninn timet are of woolen goods. According to the report it is seen that these substitutes have taken the placo of th fleeces of y.'.CX.KJO fcheep, or about two-thirds as many ns there are in the hole United States. Mr. Chairman, the firt quarter of a century of the history of the government there was no duty imposed on wool. The first duties that were imposed were inr.ituficant as compared wiih thoe now in existence. The pretense that a hicrh duty would increase the number of sheep in the older states baa not been verified. The value of wool of similar quality has varied very little in the market of Itoaton end Iondon since that Hu'y was imposed, occasionally a little higher abroal, sometimes a little higher in this country, but the average a i ranee in favor t f otieootintry or the other his uot been one-hflii the duty imposed by our government, which proves conclusively that, while the eost to the consumer has been increased by the duty and the possibilities of the manufacturers have been restricted both in market and quantity, the sheep husbandmen have derived no substantial gain, 'the tan.') rates levied at the close of the revolutionary war were not onesixth of those imposed by the present law. Those levied to carry on the war with Great Ilnialn in 112, when this capital city had its baptism of lire, were r.ot one-third so Kreut. They ars about two and one-half times ere nter than the rntes imposed to carrr on the Mexican war, and '10 per cent, higher than the rates imposed to carry on our recent civil wur. Mr. Chairman, when the Morrill tariff wr.s imposed to carry on our great civil war and maintain more than two millions of men in the field, it was sai l by the author of the bill and thoss who favored it that the high rates were only temporary and would be reduced with the return of peace. Worse Than War Rates. Sir, about one-tlilrd of a century ha now clapked. more thun two-thirds of the expenses incurred have been paid, every legitimate excue for the increase of rates has disappeared, and yet. not only has there been no reduction in tarif rates, but they bnve been vastly increased. The act of 13 imposed an average rate of 45 per cent. Ihe acts of lM'O, which aupplantd it, have imposed an average of nearly U) per rent. This ia not the worat. IL rates cf duty wire jilaccl lower bj th&t

act on luxuries than on the necessaries of life. There was less increase oo the finer goods than on the coarser. There was less increase on silks than on woolen goods; less on jewelry than on cutlery; lees on diamonds than on table knives; less ou champagne than ou l.nens. On many of the articles upon which the duty was almost prohibitory it was made still higher seemingly for no other purpose than to enable those now engaged in opsrating here to form pools and organize "combines." I remember well when the bill was under discussion in the house, a republican member frcra Illinois (5lr. Hopkins) rose, and. pointing to the gallery, s:iid: "1 see a man in the gallery who will go from there worth millions more than be is now if my amendment is not adopted. He is in a trnst which will mane millions if this bill is passed." His amendment wus not adopted ; the bill did pass. His is only an illustration of the hundreds of joba and sohemes which that bill, in one way or another, fostered and carried. The S.ic,nr Tax. Sir, the authors of the bill take much credit to themselves for having placed sugar on the free list. They did, it is true, place some and most of the gfades of sugar on the free lift, but the finer grades are still taxed heavily for the benefit of the manufacturer, and be is left with more protection by the bill than by the rates imposed in the Mills bill. It is true that fifty odd millions of dollars was taken oil' the augur tax. Rut this was no free-will ollcrinp, for the tame measure provided fir the payment of $12.U00.0'0 to the producers of sugar as boun

ties. Aain, while the fifty odd millions of tax as taken oil sugar nn increase ot duties amounting to about o.",000,()0O was put on other things, and generally on the necessaries of life. They removed the sugar tax, which yielded eight-ninths of its benefits to the treasury and but one-ninth to the manufacturer, oniy to place many millions more than the Biliar tax on other thiues, where but one-fourth of the law's exactions went into the treasury and three-'ourtha went into the private colters of favored manufacturers. Mr. Chairman, when we reilect that the 12. OOO.OCO paid in bounties on silks, augar, etc., lias to be raised by the imposition of taxes on other things where thrde-fourtha go into the manufacturer's pocket, and only one-fourth in to the treisury, it will be seen that the tax is etill a burden of" $49.000,000 indirectly to the people and that instead of their cetting $'0,((l0,0t0 of relief by this cbnr.cre of taxes they .have hnrdly obtained AlO.OuO.M'O of net benefit. The w hole b'il was characterized by a conscious favoritism for the few and oppression of the many. Iu tl con.-ideration of the bill the manufacturer alone was favored. I he consumer was never considered, or if ever considered at all it was only to ascertain how much more taxes he could endure. The treed of the seller r.nd not the need ot the buyer was the measuie of th rate of duty. Mr. Chairman, for the first time in the history of the country those who passed the law suuported it with the avowed purpose of preventing imports. No Disguise Mnde. In all other laws ever passed on toe subject, at ktiit thoe l aving the measure in charge had the sense of ofiicial propriety to profess that the law wns invoked to raise revenues. 1 tie exegeneies of the preceding campaign had required a vast amount oi money to carry the elections. It wa raised Py raising the apprehensions of tome and promising benefits to others. Tiie promucs of that campaign were put into statutory fo.m. As far back as IsSll, the taritf commission, composed exclusively of protectionists, part of them being manufacturers, after having taken testimony all over the country, reported to congress that the people were entitled to a reduction of from "0 to 115 per X . Alt. 'I'L .1.1 . cent., ana recoDimenuea ir. iney reporiea tnai the manufacturers could flourish under auch a reduction and should be required to submit. Put an increased rate was imposed by the law of tint year. This increase did uot satify them. They demanded more, and never stopped until they got it. When the war taritf was imposed an internal tax was placed on manufactured products, ai d a corresponding additional import duty put on coin; eting commodities com ing from ehroad to compensate the manufacturer for what he was thus required to pay. This manufacturers' tax was released, but the compensation duty remained. Ry this he got a net benefit of 10 per cent. The Income Tax. Mr. Chairman, every class except thoso who need it worst bas been benefited in various ways. There was a tax on incomes, corporations, etc. It has yielded the last two yerrs of its existence about 'vl40,0';0,UOO, but it was repeated. Thereby the parties most able to pny taxes were relieved. This was collected oil those who bad a respectable or large cash income. It was collected oS legatees and devisees who inherited property without working for it and could, therefore, reasonably atlord to contribute a moderate tax for the government through whose protection it had been accumulated. There wjs a tax on railroad corporations, on banking corporations, on insurance companies, trust companies, telegraph companies and other immense money concerns. There wns a tax on hauk checks. Coming front these dashes it came from those who depended ou it alone for neither bread nor clothing. It was a tux upon wealth, and accumulated property and therefore was not to be endured. The5ewere allrepea!ed and the "oppressed rich" relieved from the burdens of supporting the government. How tenderly the republican party looks after those who toil not, neither spin. With what aJectionate regard it deais with and relieves these who nre able to pay, but when it comes to imposing a tax on consumption, the fact that a man who is worth fifty millions requires no mora cloth to wrap his body than it takes to clothe the body of i laboring man does uot deter it from imposit.g a higher rate of duty on the poor and commou cloth worn by tho one than is imposed on the purple ar.d fine linen that is the daily apparel of the other. Sir, if these incomes und other taxes I have mentioned had beea permitted to stand, they would long since have wiped out our national debt, improved all the rivers and harbors appropriated or estimated for, and budtallthe fortil'.cations now asked for our coasts, and paid all tho pensions. Tlio Ittittlprnrtty tVatnrr, Our opponent! have made creat boasts of the benefit they have brought to the country by the tariff bill which they passed, which provides for "reciprocity" with other countries. It provides for the imposition of taxes and the remission of taxes by the president of the United States alone. He may, according to the provision, have control, and as often as he sees lit cad impose 2 ceuts n pound tax on sugar, 3 cents a pound on coffee, 1' j cents a pound on bides, and 10 cents a pound on tea. He may impose these taxes at will and remit them at pleasure. He is not required to control either cabinet or congreaa. He may levy 00,000,000 without convening congress or consulting it should it be in session. 1 am astounded that in a free republic where the rig tit of taxatiou through chosen representatives was bought With blood, such a thing is possible as the surrender of this right to one man. The most aacred right the free man has is to determine the extent of this taxation. Rut it is sad to reflect that 114 years after tho right of selftaxation was substituted for taxation "without representation," some of the sons of these airea had so degraded that they were willing without a protest, without even a murmur, to surrender their blood bought right to the president of the United States. The Sjstem of Kebates. The system of rebatca ia extended and intensified by the present tariff Ian-. This bus been another roeai.a used to quiet the American people atid keep them from complaining against that system. Ity this means the American manufacturer ia encouraged and enabled to oiler u.id sell the products of American manufacture to foreigners more cheaply than the same wares ore sold to the American laborer and American citizen. Rut for this, many American people who have dealings with foreign countries, would long aince have joined in a crusade against a taxation so hih that it amounts to exclusion in some instauc.es and robbery in others, liy thia means and others ery many agricultural implements and prod nets of American manufacture are sold at a lower rate to foreigners out of the United States than to citizens in It. Where ia the justice in this? Why sll to a pauper abroad at a lower price than to alahorer at home? Why fleece your neighbor in a way that no one in any other country ia required to or will endure? We may admit, for the sake of argument, that a commerce that is even bolstered up by the pillars that sustain rebates, Is better than no commerce at all. Rut even when wa concede thia, we have not conceded and do not concede the stability of a system that nnuirtu such

bolstering, or the justice of such taxation. Mr. Chairman, the rebate paid to the Standard oil company alone on the taxes collected from the tin they employ will amount to, it is said, about $700,000. Destruction of Commerce. Mr. Chairman, another most serious objection to the high rates of duty heretofore existing and growing higher with each new congresionat act is that obstructive influence it has had on our commerce. The time was whea American commerce was carried in American shij s. hearing the American flag and manoed by American freemen. In those proud d iys our tlag floated over every sea and our ships cast anchor in every harbor. We, in ISoO, curried Gl,'5 per cent, of our commerce. Ve got the rcaterinls of which our ships are built without the imposition of oppressive duties, and built them and sailed thei.i in competition with all the other nations of the earth. The joyous somrs of our free and happy seamen were beard wherever any civilized tongue was apoken. Then came in an evil hour our excessive rates of duty, and beneath that and other baneful influences that commerce has withered till we new carry only li percent, of our vast foreign commerce, and only 7 per cent, of our foreign trade was conducted in steamers bearing our national flag, while 7-'.0: per cent, was eonducted iu alieu steam vessels. We neither allow our citizens to buy ships abroad nor build them at home, buch are our laws, that it an American citizen m ho cunnot build a ship at home at a rate that enables him to compete with othcra in the carrying trade, builds abroad with American men and the products of onr country, his ship is seized and he is arrested, and never permitted to clear from the porta of his own country with his ship again. Put, sir, if the same money foes abroad and buys tho same ship, mans it with llritish subjects, hoisia above it the Hritish tlag, loads it with the same cargo of cotiee and casts anchor in the American pons, his ship is protected and defended, and the American navy, if it need be, is called out to defend his foreign tlag nod his foreign bhip. All that America requires by her laws is that if her citizen buys a ship abroad he shall hoist a foreign lhg over it, give the r ght to n foreign government to use it ngainst the U. S. government iu tune of war, under certain cirrtimstanoes, and he is secure in his possession of his ships a:.d the pursuit of his vocation. llifi ICntxs of IulS. In the tpeech which I made, on this floor protesting against the passage of thia legal outrage, I gave, so fir as it was poef.ih:e in advance, the extortionate rates which wouid result if the McKinley till became a law. 1 told you then that blankets, fiuuncls and hats would, ou some of th lower gra les, be taxed as high as lit per cent. Jn the last home consumption statement from the t.urcau of tdatistics, rome blankets imported last year under this bid actually paid V per ceut.; l"annels for underwear li."' per cent.; and hats Id:1. 15. I told you the::, with feme misgivings, I submit, assuming the responsibility for a statement bo directly ut variance with those of the then majority, a prophoy so lugubrious thit its mere mention wud enough to ahnet excite jeers i told you then that the eflect of the proposed rate on arus would burden the wool manufacture, as well as the people, as high as ICO per cent, on some kinds. Your statistician tells you that under tt.at bill there has been collected since its passage on thousands of pounds of yarns dutiea as high as i-') per cent. I warned you then that the proposed rates on worsted shawls would amount to us much as !'3 per cent. our statistician shows that it is over loo per cent. I told you then tbst knit goods would have to pay under this hill as higii as 147 per cent. Your statistician shows that they aotually paid &r. hih as 323 and over. Mr. Chairmau, many of tho friends of hih protection pretend to beherc, and have busied themselves to show that the duty collected is not a tax upon the people. They claim that it is a premium or tax paid by the foreigners, whose manufactures aie sold . in this country for the privilege ot felling the-m here. Those holding to this view insist that the tariff is not a tax. I will not take a great deal of time iu answering such arguments. When an American citizen buys here an article manufactured abroad, he pays for not only the original cost abroad, but the cost of transportation to this country and the duty collected at the port of entry, and when he uses and consumes the artiole he pays the tax imposed by the government on it, it makes no difference who, whether he cr some-prior dealer handed the money to some customs officer that wus collected for the duty. Not only this, when nn American citizen buys goods manufactured here, which are sold in daily competition with goods cf like character that have a similar use imported from abroad, be has to pay the cost of the production here and in mauy instances an amount equal to, or nearly eiual to the rate of duty fixed on foreign good a and so, competing with the foreigner and not our citizens, pays the duty. Why did we relieve him from paying millions of tax for us on sugar? Why not lot him continue to pay thia lifty odd millions? It la a Tax. Mr. Chairman, you need go no further than the report of the minority to see the high rates of duty imposed by exisiiug law. In tho table submitted on page c5 of the report $.'14,bo0.i'5 duties are shown to have been collected in 1S91 on woolens. Of this $23,öl'ö.OL'ö, or more than two-thirds, was paid upon a valuation of $Ul.ff.:',8S7. or 10.' per cent. fLCJ taxes collected on jlCvl worth ot woolen goods. This is the fel&tement of the minority through the table made of their own case. The Uri'l is a tax. Mr. Chairman, if no other good results from the McKinley bill it has taught the American people that the t.in'l is a t ix and a tax upon the people w ho consume the articles upon which it is levied. The day that the tax was removed from sugar the price went down in all American markets au amount about equl to the duty removed. On the ether hand, when an additional tax of 1- cents a pound was imposed on tin plate, tin plate went up in price ail over the country. So ou pear buttons upon which the duty wa vastly increased; so on linen goods. Whatever may have been the situation before, the American people have come to know that tho tarilT ia a tax, and hare dealt with those who increased the tax In the last congress accordingly, by administering to the authors of the high rat-'S we now have to pay the greatest rebuke that was ever administered to any party in this country, turning a republican majority into a democratic majority of almost three-fourths. Rut it is sometimes claimed by the friends of this excessive taxation that the "Waterloo" visited upon the republican party in lMHi was not on aocount of the tarüf bill pr.ssej. If not, what was the cause of it? Will the distinguished fentlcman from Massachusetts, Mr. Iodge, admit that it was a rebuke to him and his followers for passiu- the force bill? Will the distinguished gentleman from Maine, the speaker of this bouse, admit that it was not the tsrilf bill? Was it the result of his administration of affairs here? Will tbosa gentlemen who w re in charge of the appropriations admit that it was on account of the prodigality of that congress? These had something to do with it doubtless, hut tho greatest factor that entered into the overwhelming defeat was the tsriil' law that we are now attempting to amend. Tita Tnurtat Tax. Mr. Choirman, there is another provision of the present law that should be amended tho one allowing thote who are opulent enough to go abroad to bring in, free ot duty, quantities of clothes fts wearing apparel. To illttsrraterariou man, coing abroad, can bring back thousands of dollars worth of wearing apparel free from taxation, but if one ot bis humble laborers were to seek to get JlOO worth of wool brought bick by him for the use of his family he would bava to pay, according to tiie average rate in woolen Roods, more than tJO duty, and on some grades he would be compelled to pay on knit goods more than $300 duty. There hhotild be some limit placed upon the amount of evcu weariug apparel that can be imported free of duty. The law now enables those who buy extensively to pay the expenses of the trip abroad in the insre matter of saving duty. I know one man who voted for the McKinley bill and who helped to saddle that measure upon the people, whea in less than a hundred days after its passage, landed in England and boucht $1,000 worth of clothes the firt thing. He was a protectionist. Th I'enpfe'e Vvrdler, Mr. Chairman, tho question of excessive Increase in the rates of taxation has been passed upon by the people and condemned in a manner not to be mistaken. Thorough discussion preceded its adoption. Newspapers and periodicals did their work in iuforming the people of the changes. Then cams the alvauco ia

price, speaking iu. unmistakable tones of the hardship that comes from increased taxation. Then the election came, and never was euch a defeat administered to a recreant party as was visited upon those who ha 1 pasted this measure. From Maine to California, from the lakes to the gulf, people rose almost as one man. They condemned it in bulk and in detail. They relegated to private Kfe the leaders who had conceived it and the followers who had executed it. An arrogant majority was converted into an insinilicant minority. New Knglaud sent a majority of democrats here, the whole North sent a majority, the South sent a majority. So overwhelming was the defeat thnt if yon divide the country iuto two sections. North and South, and remove every democrat from the South, the democrats from the North would still be in the majority. If you remove every democrat from the North those from the South would have a majority over their opponents. Those who held the clothes while others threw the stones fared as ill as those who did the stoning. llank and tile were smitten hip and thigh, until today there are but a handful of those who favored the bill left on this floor. On the other hand, among the democrats who opposed it only one in the United States who was renominated was defeated by the people. The handwriting is on the wall, and it is not to be mistaken. The people have resolved, and they will make that resolution good, that they will have a reduction in the rate of taxation or a still further reduction of those in congress who favor high taxation. This battle is ou, and it is on to the liuish.- Oa the one side is arrayed the demociatio party, iu favor of just taxation; on the other its opponents clamorin',for excessive and unjust taxation. Wa would not avoid thia conflict if we could; wn could not if we would. Let the battle rage, and the fiercer the bitter, until si;tne recusuition is giveü to the principle that taxes should he levied and collected for the support of the government rather than for the oppression of the many at the behest and for the beueüt cf the few. In the course of his ppeech Mr. McMillin was interrupted fy Mr. Rninca (X. Y.) with the hUL'gestion that the state elections in New York bad r.ot been o?a character to encourau the democratic party. Mr. McMillin retorted that the exepeakcr had en Monday last referred to the triumphant inarch of truth. That march was emphasized by the fact that the gentleman from Maine (Mr. Reed) no longer occupied the chair, but was relejratpd to tho lloor, where ho could do notiiirir but cur.-e and cry. Laughter. Tho citv of tho reniieman from Maino had j:ono democratic the other day. Applause. Mr. Reed, who wns in the cloak room when bis name was mentioned, eirolled down ono of the aisl-rs. and a? he did po made tho apology that ho had not been present because ho knew that the gentlemen from Ttnues.-.co waesptaki::. Laughter. Mr. McMillin replied that lio enred not what the 'f'in'd reason for being, absent was. At tho conclusion of Mr. McMillin'B speech be was the recipient of a magnificent cluster of red roses and Iii democratic colleagues honored liim with generous applause. D1NCLKY RS.PLIKS.

A Feeble Attempt to lrfend the IoiqtiHtea ot the Tur..T. Mr. Dingley (Me.1 opened the debate on behalf of tho republican eide in opposition to the democratic tarilT bills. He Baid : If the gentleman from Tennessee represents iu his speech and his recent -Yo-fA Ainrricrm trticle the views and purposes of the democratic party, and 1 have no doubt he does, then the three sporadic bills reported by the democratic majority of the ways and means committee, and now before the committee as the tar ill reform scheme of a democratic house containing 1 JO democratic majority, aftord the most striking exhibition of letting "I dare not" before a presidential election wait on "I would" after the election that it has ever been my fortune to observe in tho political history of this country. The gentleman from Tennessee condemns tho McKiuley tari.f enacted by the republican party as presenting a complete plan of I roteetion and condemns all protective duties as "class leL'ielatiou robbery," a "wall of tire" to destroy foreign trade aud a measure which is springing ruin upon the country. And be announces just as he and bis democratic associates aid before th3 election cf lS'.'U, at the t:me the new tariff w as framed that the mission of the democratic party is to sweep every line and word of the "unholy taritf" from the ftatute book and substitute araeasure of "tariir reform" from which aball be eliminated all "class legislation," all "robbery," all protection. The voters who were deceived and persuaded to accept democratic promises in New England that the democratic scheme of taritf reform looked to the relief of manufacturers eullering for want of freo coal, iron ore and frea pig iron with a sly intimation that the manufactured articles would) be undisturbed are anxiously awaiting the redemption of these pledges by this deuiocratio house. The votera iu West Virginia, Virginia and other coal and iron producing states, who were told that the democratic plan of tariir reform would leave coal and iron ore and pig iron undisturbed, and would severely cut tiie duties on eastern manutcotured products, are beginning to aelc for the redemption of pledges made to them. And those western and southern farmers whose votes were captured by the assurance that the democratic plan of tarilT roforra contemplated a general overturn of the McKinley tr.rill and protection, are becoming uneasy at the nonfulfillment of the pledges mode to them. In this situation, with the republican policy fully aud clearly set forth in the existing law, with the representative of the great democratic majority iu this house repeating his old denunciations of the enormities of the McKinley tarllf, what do the democratic majority of the waya and means committee propose aa the democratic plan of tarill reiorm? (1) To place binding twine on the free list; (2) to place cn the free list bugging for cotton and hoop iron when manufactured into cotton tica, and eil machinery for the manufacture of cotton ba&iug; (') to place on the free hat the farmers' wool and abolish so much of the duty on oiotli which is for the benefit of the farmers as to leave an average ad valorem duty of 111' per cent, to protect the manufacturer. Mr. Dingley defended tho McKinley act eloquently and at length argued that the three bills proposed by the democratic majority of the ways and means could result in nothing but injury to the farmer. The free wool bill, he said, oroposed free trade for the most universal product ot tho farm and continued protection for tho manufacturer of wool. It would certainly reduce tho price and destroy tho wool industry. Continuing, Mr. Dingley said: Every evil prediction relating to the McKinley tarill' has been disproved by the march of events, livery prediction of its benefits has been made good. Protection is more than justitiell. The policy which has done so much to make this country the larcest agricultural, the largest manufacturing, the largest mining and the most prosperous country on the face of tne earth is here to stay. Great applause. CONDUCTOR R03UED. Four Highwaymen Atter n ICvlroad Emploje and the Office Hnt. PiTTsnt m;, March 8. Twenty-two miles ßouth of this city, at Finleyville, on tho l altiiuoro & Ohio railroad, a gang of four highwaymen assaulted J. J. McMillin, a conductor. He was bound, cacjrt'd. and robbed. They next went to tho oflice and blew the eafe open. They were frightened oil" and have not been captured. - 'Jl XVt Jlnartl from, Featti.e, Wash., March 0. In tho municipal election yesterday J. T. lionald f (lern.) wna elected mayor by S00 rfc majority. The democrats also Vr if i elected nearly nil other ofHcera. jaVj At the last etate election ifcattlo ßava 1,000 republican majority.

PROHIBITION IS WIPED OUT.

At Lieast So Far An the State of Iowa is Concerned. J)fs Motxrs. Ia., March S. The Iowa prohibition law was practically wiped out of existence today. The state senate ihi3 afternoon, by a vote of 27 to 22, adopted tho (Jatch bill, which allows county option, each community being given the right to settle the liquor question for itfeif by elections to take place not oftener than every live year;?. The matter can bo bought up only on petition of one-Cub, of the legal voters. Three republican senators this afternoon sided with a num ber of democrats in tho passage of the bill. There is little doubt thnt the measure will receive the approval of (Jovernor l'.oies und become a statute. An acrimonious debate preceded the final roll-call, tho question at issue being as to where rested political responsibility for the bill. The announcement of the vote was received quietly, but with signs of relief by the biß audience present. TELLER OPPOSES HARRISON. Tie Wants at Man W Iii Will Favor Frs Coinage. I'en vjtr, Col., March 8. Several eastern papers havo stated that Senator Teller's opposition to the reuomination of President Harrison was because of a personal grievance. Today Stato Senator Steck received a lengthy letter from Mr. Teller, in which he dodnes hia position on the presidential question, lie opposes the renomination of Mr. Harrison, he eays, "simply because I don't agree with him on bis financial policy us applied to bilver, and not because of any personal feeling." Ho trusts that C'olorodo will send de.ezntcs to Minneapolis who will vote against Mr. Harrison and for a candidate who favors tho freo and unlimited coinage of silver. New Jersey Klertlons. Ni:w Yoksc, March 'A Returns from yesterday's New Jersey elections show victories for both parties. Tho republicans sustained defeat in 2sorth Piainlield borough, which bnsi hitherto bcon republican, and the vote in Union county shows demo cratic pains. The republicans made a clean pweep in Neptuna township and aUo elected their ticket in Ocean and Shrewsbury townships. The democrats carried Manahtpan and Freehold townships, while the republicans elected tueir city treasurer and freeholder in Salem, and in the county elected every freeholder, retaining control of the board by a largo majority. .V IIIU Blnn Uadly Itaaten. At r.AXY, X. Y., March S. John TJoyd Thatcher, a world's fair commissioner and once an ardent Cleveland man, but w ho became a Hill convert, was defeated last nicht for tho presidency of the Young men's democratic club, the leading political organization in the city, by Congressman Charles Treeey, a Cleveland democrat, by a vote of 78 to 0. It is reported that the next move will be the ousting of Mr. Thatcher from the presidency of tho state league of clubs. I ah. lot iso? A lp. a ny, N. Y., March 8. Gov. Flower has sent to tho legislature a message upon pending measures and in it occurred tbeee words: I have no sympathy with that immoderate faction which sets a bogy in every corporate enterprise of a public character. Nor do I approve that wholesale denunciation of men and motives with which a well-meaning, but somewhat shortsighted and hysterical press evidently considers it a duty to greet every corporate attempt to obtain mnnicipal privileges. 'ot tUe Proper llallot. Mount Holly, ". J., March S. The democrats carried Burlington county today by a largo majority, but it looks now as though tho republican candidates may get the oflices. The entire county is in a e-tato of excitement. Under the state law, it is claimed, not a eingdo ballot waa cast for a demcratic nominee. The democratic ballots were not printed according to law. Tho trouble seems to have arif en through a misunderstanding. Itntli for Cleveland. Ai.toova, Pa., March 8. Two factions of the democratic party in Blair county Leid eeparata conventions today after a freo fight. . th conventions indorsed Cleveland. WINTER WHEAT CROP. Its Condition in tho I)ifTer"ot States A Fair Showing. Chicago, March 8. Tbe Farmen' Review has the following winter whoat crop eummary: In Illinois one-half of the correspondents report the crop in good condition, in a part of the state the wheat has started to crow, but it is rather thin and small on account of tha dry weather in the fall, but the weather is now favorable and the condition improving. About 30 per cent, report the condition as fair and 15 per cent, report poor. In Indiana 5.") per cent, of the correspondents report good, 40 per cent fair and the others poor. In some of tbe counties reporting only fair, the correspondent states that if there be no sudden freeze or thaw the crop may improve to "!,'ood." There has t een little or no heaving by tbe frost and the plant is now growing well. In other localities some of the wheat tias been frozen out, but the early sown is looking very good. The condition in Ohio Is not good. Only 20 per cent, of the correspondents report good. ßO per cent, report fair and 21 per cent. poor. A number of localities report damage by freer ing and thawing: in some cases serious. Two-thirds of the correspondents in .Michigan report the condition as good, 30 per cent, fair and tbe real poor. In aome places the plant Pas been heaved out of the ground and tho liy did some damage in the fall. In Kentucky 20 per cent of the correspondents give the condition as good, 3C per cent, as fair and 12 per cent, as good. Some damage bv freezing ia reported. "in Missouri the outlook for the crop Is not nearly so good as it was at this time last year. One-third of the correspondents report good, one-fifth fair and the rest poor. However, la many sections the farmers bolieve tiiatif the weather holds good there will be a "great come-out" in wheat In some counties the crop is reported as "about done for." , Iu Kansaa 40 per cent of the correspondents report the condition as good; 20 por Cent as fair and the remainder as poor. At aome points tbe crop is in a critical condition and late sown has not yet come up. In Iowa (10 pet cent of tbe correspondents report goodj 3d per cent report fair and the others poor. A great many of tho correspondents in ibis state report that no w inter wheat is raised in the counties, in some cases the crop looks well but tbe acreage is not more than half of that of last year. In Wisconsin one-half of the correspondents report the condition ss good; -12 per cent, report fair and the rest poor. The condition in some places is critical owingto freezing aud thawing, with a poor outlook.

MURDER B A MOB.

Seventy-Five Masked Men Invade the Jail, Where Three Negro Suspects Are Confined. RIDDLED WITH BULLETS. The Jailer Taken by Surprised Under the Ruse . That a Prisoner Awaited Him On the Outside. A Lawless Mob of Tonncssceans Beat,tho Law iir a Itarbarous MannerThe Prisoner Taken in Hand and Literally Shot to Pieces Tho Alleged Kxcuse That They Shot Deputy ShcrifTs in a Xcsro Locality Knovrtii As tho Curve. Memhi!?, Tenn., ?arch 0. The dawiij of a bripht spring rjoruing, aa it cast ita light across Tennessee's metropolis, diBtlceed the dead bpdies of three negroes,! riddled with bullets and partially covered with brush, lying in an open lot about' one and a half miles from the heart of then city. The bodies, as they la outstretched with faces heavenward, were muter, minders of the terrible work of eeventy. five masked men in this city at 0 o'clock this morning. The names of the negroes, whose bodies were literally shot to pieces,, are: Calvin McDowell, "Wiiliain Stuart and Theodore Moss. Tbe crime for which, this eummary vengeance was wreaked upon them was the ambushing and 6hoot inj down on Saturday night lagt of tout deputy fherills ia a bad negro locality known as the "Curve," while the officer were fulfilling their duty by I joking for k negro for whose arrest they had a war' rant. About 3 o'clock this morning Eoventy five men, all wearing masks, appeared eud denly on Frontet near the jail. Fronx whence they came no one will this mornx ing hazard even a guess. "o one E&yf them assemble; no officer of tho law no ticed thoir passage through any 6 true t, nor did any person intercept them in their fjuick and ouiet march to the Shelby county jail. At thia time Watchman O'JJonell eat in the jail oll.ee having a chat with a friend named Seat Suddenly a rinn was heard, coming from the outeri gate. Hastily arising and leaving the of-' tice, Mr. O'Donnell walked to the door o the jail. "Who's there?" demanded O'Donnell, hia voice ringing loud and clear7 in the froety air. "Hugh "Williams oi White Haven," came the reply ; "1 hava a prisoner." "All right," eaid O'Donnell, "thig ir tho place and I am always ready to receive them." With that Mr. O'Don nell hurried to the gate and unlocked it. Two or three men pushed in immediately. 0'lonnell did not notico thent closely m they shoved through the gate, but a moment later when he turned to inquira which was tho prisoner he b&W that he had been trapped, "What does this mean?" queried tha watchman aa he reached for his pistol. "Xo you don't!" exclaimed the masked rr.en loudly, as they seized the arms of Mr.( O'Ponnell and forced him against th high and thick wall surrounding the jaiLi The three men who seized Mr. O'lonnell had Epoken loudly as they prauped him. Their voices had scarcely died away whea there was a trampling of many feet and. fully 6eventy-live men, all wearing black masks, rushed through the gato and con fronted the astounded watchman. "What do you want?" asked Mr.O'Pon nell. . "We want tho keys to the cells in which thoso negroes are confined," came eternljr from the leader of tho masked strangers, T havo not got tho keys," replied Mr O'Donnell. "We will see if you have not," eaid tha leader, and in a ininuto two men wera going through tbe watchman's clothes bent on securing tho keys. But the were not in his possession. There was a hurried consultation among tho leaders, a wait of a minute, and soon a rope was produced with whicii tho watchman's bands wero bound. Two men wer then called forward through the gate and were put over O'Donnell as guard, the other two hurrying into the jail office. All this was going on while Jailer Will iams Elept peacefully upBtairs, totally unconscious of what was Roing;. oa below. Soon came the cryj "All right, boys," here they are," and iu a moment after making sursx that O'Donnell was safely pinioned, tha men lilea silently and swiftly past him into the jail, and in a minuto were in tha cell room of the negro department. Jor began a search. There were twenty-uevca negroes there, all under arrest for complicity in Saturday night's affair; it was no easy ta.ik for those men to distinguish th much wanted noproes from tho other1 blacks there incarcerated in the dark of the night. On they went from cell to cell until the right men were found. They were taken outside and literally shot to pieces. A later dispatch announces everything quiet. DAMAGES FOR DAGOES. Tho Families of tho Lynched Italians "Will llrinfr Stilt at New Orleans. New Orleans, March 8. A new and unexpected chapter in tho hietory of tha Ilennet-sy assassination and the lynching of the Italians that followed has coma out. A claim w ill bo filed In the U. S, court against tbe city this week by th families cf the Italians who were neve naturalized for damages. The claims will vary from $:U),000 to 40,000 and th total Mill amount to between $150,000 anj S'A 0,000. Xot one of the families of tbosa who were naturalized is included in tho claim. It is a claim against the city. Judge Sambola, one of the best known citizens of the state iJ beginning tho suit. It is, brought to prevent prescription. The heirs of tho mobbed Italians have at claim against the government already, but it ia baid that it will be worthless tin less suit is brought against the city within one year after the occurronc 5. The yea has almost expired, j