Indiana State Sentinel, Indianapolis, Marion County, 20 May 1891 — Page 6

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THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL. WEDNESDAY MORNIXG. MAY 20. 1891-TWELVE PAGES.

THE CONFERENCE OPENS. Concluded from Third. Page. the present evil of neglect in proper treatment of the insane was to educate alienist just as the best physiciaus and surgeons were educated. In losing Dr. Fletcher recommended the building of smaller hospitals, a trial of the Tillage system and the adoption of uniform laws lor the commitment of the imane. Mr. F. B. Sanborn did not like the New York system of big hospitals, and did not think that halt cf the insane in tho state were cared for. The system carries the poor insane farther away from homes and friends. Mr. Giles pare eome information as to the manner in which tho Wisconsin insane were cared for. Mr. C. H. lieeve of Plymouth favored this system because it put tho inFane in natural surroundings. Gen. BrinkerhatT didn't think the plan would do for Ohio, and A. 1. Kllmore in tarn defended the Btate system. . Dr. Rogers of New York did not agree with Dr. Dewey in his advocacy of voluntary commitment. Rabbi Leucht of New Orleans pave pictures of cruelty to the insane in his state and asked for information. Mr. Oscar Craig of Roohester, N. Y., read a' paper on ".State Care of the Chrooio insane." lie recapitulated the history of the care of in eane in New York from the earlier part of the century to the present. Prior to the founding of the state asylum in Ctica in 1543, the indigent insane were left in the poor houses, and a major portion of them fared but little better until the Willard asylum for the chroma insane was founded in 1805. There were four times as many patient as the asylum could accommodate, and the result was a severe miscarriage of relief, Subsequent legislation obviated this. The speaker reviewed the work in Wisconsin and deducted the conclusion that state care of the insane should be exclusive, because the facilities for graduations and variations, and successions of scenes for dirferent patients or phases of the same patient, tending to excite more healthy correspondence in their nervous organisms, and playing often the chief part in recovery, is sufficient to justify the claim. While the county is. for practical purposes, the political unit, it is, as such, only a small and subordinate part of the whole, which is the state paramount and sovereign. The criminal law recognizes this principle in determining not only the nature and penalty of felonies and other oCenss, but their place as well as mode of punishment. Lunacy legislation even more legitimately proceeds upon the same basis, for its sujects, the insane, t.th by statute and common law, and in respect of persons aa well as property, are the wards of the state. The following ia a brief abstract of Mr. II. II. Giles' address on the "Care of the County Insane" as practiced in his state "Wisconsin : A class of specialists organized as The Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane" assumed to possess superior wisdom in all matters pertainins to insanity, guided legislation into the erection of "palace prisons" In which from fX to l.fOOand even 2.000 diseased human being are herded. To gain and retain its bold on the public two pleas were urged. First, state care for all the insane was a perquisite to humane care, and second, all clssses of the insane should be cared for in the same institution. Doth pleas were falsa and the latter positively pernicious. One who has watched the work of the association for forty years can well understand bow New York has been led into a scheme of state c.re, which involves the imposition of many millions in taxes on her people which tui'ht have been raved, and her insane dependents more humanely cared for Bearer their homes and friends.

THE EVENING SESSION. An Interesting Discussion of the Child Delinquency Problem. The good crowds that attend the night Eessions do not seem to fall off, and the church was even better filled Friday night than on the previous evening. More faces of citizens were noticed. The music was of high order as usual, George A. Emerson playing the organ and a quartet consisting of Mesdames W. C. Lynn, L. L. Morrison, II. II. Howland and C. II. Watson contributing Sullivan - Anderson's "Lost Chord." Mr. John II. Finley of New York took the place of an absent member on hia committee and read a paper on the child problem. He eaid the solution of this problem would accomplish all tho aims of charities and corrections. In New York in lSis) there were 103,712 children under five years of ago in the tenement houses. He quoted Mr. Reese, the author of "The Other Half," in a discription of an average New York tenement, picturingthe dark hallways, gloomy courts and poorly constructed rooms. The great trouble lies in parkin? so manv peoin these foul places. The board of health found eighty-live babies in one of these houses. "My own experience leads me to confirm Mr. Reese's statement," he eaid." These tenements destroy the wise provisions of the compulsory education laws and the laws defining the hours of labor, for here the dreaded 'sweater' holds his sway. In these tenement districts are 208,000 children between fourteen and twenty-one years of ace and only G'3,000 of these attend schools of any kind. Another important factor is the saloon. The 'growler' is a daily incident in the tenement house child's life and the law prohibiting the eale oi liquor to children is about as well enforced as the law against ewearing." Mr. Finley found much fault with these foul tenements and suggested that the example of Liverpool be followed. This corporation constructed a model tenement, made a play court for children and rented it for about half what the New Yorker pays, and this at a profit, too. The speaker favored kindergartens and agreed with a New York commissioner that the free kindergarten should be a part of every school syetem. In New York the tenement children are compelled to play on the street, and thus fall early into vicious habits. "The tenement house," eaid Mr. Finley, '"is one of the factors which we can not eliminate. We can substitute another tenement for it. but we can not abolish it. It ha come in answer to a derr.and, which schemes of transportation and transplantation in the country have failed to meet and will fail. The hideous temples to Mamrndn must to converted into 'homes' on the same foundation. This must be the first step in the solution of the problem. The city's t art is the enactment of ordinances which will under riid enforcement insure a proper amount of air and light to each tenant, obiize compliance with eanitary regulations, and compel such arrangement as will permit of family isolation. A second doty ot the city is the extension of the factory laws, a in the state of Massachusetts, to include industries carried on in these tenements. Home industry was once a blessing to the home; it is now in the tenements a blight to its life. Some of the people who live in the worst parts of the city are superior to their eurroundicjs, and if the bettering influences which come into contact with lives of the more privileged were not wholly removed front thfir existences, ths number of such might be multiplied many times. This in the woTk of the volunteer visitor; of the neighbor and friend." Part of the speaker's paper was devoted to children who are dependent on state institution.". It is eminently the proper measure that they should be taken into the country, where homes can bo found for them. What were originally the way stations where orphans stopped on their way to new homes are now colossal juvenile boarding houses. A bill recently introdored In the New York legislature Children Cry for

would have relieved about one-half of these institutions and found them homes, but it was defeated. Over $2,000,000 is annually expended in these institutions in New York alone. A model system of putting out children in tho country at Frankfort, Germany, was described. Agent" carefully watch for children in miserable surroundings and by their recommendation have them sent to the country. The machinery of the system is almost perfect. Pennsylvania has a system something after this plan and it works well. Mr. Homer C. Folks of Philadelphia spake thus upon "The Care of Delinquent Children:" THIRD DAY'S SESSION.

Denver Selected for the Next Conference of Charities and Correction. One of the most unfortunate of the dependent classes is the c!a which embraces idiots, cot the idiots whom oar mind's eye finds so readily in our heated moments, but the poor men and women whom nature overlooked ia distributing the germs of mental intelligence. Of course, the charity oonferenoe considers this class, and the early part of Saturday morning's sessiou was devoted to the subject. Dr. W. 11. Fish of Lincoln, 111, is the chairman of the proper committee, and he had a plan at his tongue's end for the custodial eare of adult idiots. lie has charge of the Illinois school for imbeciles a self-supporting institution, consisting in part of a fire-hundreJ-acro farm cultivated by inmates of the school. He favors a colonization scheme of this kind. Dr. Q. H. Knisbt of Lakeville. Conn., and Ames Bonsall, a director of the Philadelphia house of refuge, spoke in the same line. Mrs. i sabel C. Barrows of boston was interested in cultivating the minds of these unfortunates. Secretary Johnson found that work among these children, always children's, appeals ever to the sentiment, reason and pane, Superintendent John G. Blake of the Indiana reform school told of the progress of the boys under bis care, and briet speeches were made by Mrs. Gallop of New York, Henry fritoue of the Massachusetts state board of lunacy, William Weaver, superintendent of the poor iu Angelica, N. Y.; Dr. P. U.GilIett, superintendent of the deaf and dumb institute at Jacksonville, I'll., and others. In the eleveuth paper of the defective series A. O. Wright of Mad ison divided the defective classes into three bodies: Ioauity and idiocy, crime and vice, and pauperism, the latter being, he asserted, a defect of the will. Blindness and deaf-mutism, he said, were defects of the senses and not of the mind. Men and women were about equally afflicted with insanity from causes which were the same or equivalent, but crime and pauperism were more likely in men than in women, there being about forty times as many men as women in the prisons. About an equal number of each sex were born idiots. The average age of criminals was about twentyfive years, whi e that of the majority of paupers was over fifty. The quoition of education, the speaker thought, did not have aa great an influence upon the defective classes as was generally believed and he cited a number of facts and statistics in support of this opinion. He believed, however, that the time was coming when by a combination of publie and private etfort the defective classes would be greatly reduced, if not entirely erad cated. Dr. A. G. flyers and Dr. Itichard Gundry in their lime rendered great aid to the cause of charity and were prominently identified with the body now in session. Since the last conference they pissed to the great beyond, and a memorial service in their honor was held at the close of yesterday morning's sesiou. The Kev. Fred 11. Wines of Springfield, 0., detailed the many virtues of the two men. Dr. liyers waa well and favorablyknown iu this city. Gen. Uoeiill Hrinkerho J of Ohio waa a coworker tor mauy years with Dr. Dyers and spoke feelinely of his deeds. Mr. Kllmore added weight to this testimony. Mr. Glenn of IWiiimore and Secretary Johnson paid high tributes to the character of Dr. Gundry, and A. O. Wright told how he bad been instrumental in having the restraints of the insane ia Wisconsin abolished. 'TWAS LADIES' NIGHT. Co-Operat'en of Women In Penal and Charitable Institutions. The ladies held the floor Saturday night, the topic assigned being ooe directly oncerning them. It was not the first opportunity they have had, howcr, in holding the floor. Miss Adele Walliek furnished the musical Dumber on the program after Paul Uahr played the organ prelude. Mrs. Virginia T. .Smith of Connecticut presented the report of the committee on "cooperation of women in the management of charitable, reformatory and penal institutions" in the absence of Miss Clara Barton, the chair man. Her report was in substance as follows: The chairman of this committee, Clara Barton, ns many a sullering soldier could testify, is a living etnbodimentof women's co-operative charity. Her personal experiences prove her special qualifications to present this subject, The subject beloncs to her literally by right of conquest. But, as she is absolutely unable to take an active part either in the presentation of facts or in the advocacy of the question, I proceed to give, an best I may, the report of the committee and the paper embodying this theme in one. The co-operation of women in charitable work seems in itself a natural arrangement; so much so, that at first Hush one hardly admits the - necessity of its discussion. It is undoubtedly the true and proper method by which to work, and charities organized with such co-operation have derived a quality and power luipossil la to have been gained in any other wny. The plan ia not a novel one, nor the work so much of an experiment as many imagine. The ages of cumulative business experience which men inherit, tosether with the practical business education which they recoive, guarantees their fitness for public lite. Women have not similar inheritances, neither have they in great numbers received the practical education which fits them in some degree for public life, and for those reasons they cacnotbe at the start as thorough and consistent workers as men. But, in so far as they are permitted e location, they are preparing to be as thorough nnd persistent workers as their brothers. With the oppor tunities now existing a generation of wemeu workers 13 near at hand who will be equal to all neccsnary undertakings and enterprises. That unique and unhesitating co-operation existed in honest and homely fashion in primitive times, and before women were admitted to beat all the equals of map. or permitted any except the most meager privileges of education, is evidenced by the private journal of a godly woman, bearing dates, 1775, 1776, 1777, from which, by right of inheritance, I make the following extracts: "Town of Windsor, Conn. "Ye women of this town'e belonging to ye church of God do now bring ye younir boys into parish meetings on week uights in their dwelling, to tjach unto them raanneraaod other dutiful behavior when they shall enter ye pews of God's bouse on His most holy day. This to tend to save the distraction of good priestwhen he is concerned in eipUiuina I rce arace or election point in the sermon, which same points and heads do not seem to be over edifying to the jcif g and also to help Mr. Itlank the tithing niau a cripple and over much burdened with work, in trying to preserve order in the back seats and the pews, the reason for so much of noise and whispering being that mch onto every able bodied mau has gone to war nnd so cannot keep silence and humi.ity in his own pew. We, the women of this churoh, also feel called to help the girlaof Widow G. and T., and those of other women who ere not widows who are beset with work and children, and beside (mo re's the pity) are summat slack, to patch their clothes and eke their petticoats, lo knit their mittens and stotkinga and to spin flax, and at the end of the twelve bera or spells we do make them a feast in the fall of the year of a tucking pi)? with pumpkin pie and again in the spring with tpple turnover, custard and maple sucrar. This is all .for courage and happiuete to them. Any girl whoi.3 marm is slack and not forehanded in faculty is inuc'u 1'. down from privilege if not instructed into gjooly ways by ya women whose service it may be to think of their future and lo be kind and patient in the helping of them." The Boston female asylum was an institution for the care of orphan girls, established in the first year of the century, and was the only one, until the St. Vincent orphan asylum in 1833. In order that we might discuss where and bow ibis co-operation exists and what value itia thought to possess, we have sought to procure autheudo and especial information concerning the entire question, and substantially to embody the results in this report Letters of inquiry have Pitchcr'c Caotorln.

been sent to every atate and territory in the union regarding the eo-operation of women in charitable work. It is obvious that from these reports only the most condensed statements can be made. Maine An Retire effort is being mad to secure women officials. A reformatory prison is being urged. Police matrons are employed. Three of the seven trustees of the state industrial school are women. New Hampshire employs women to some extent in her charitable and reformatory institutions. One of the trustees of the state industrial school is a woman. Women are among the members of the boards of the orphans.' home, state normal school, and other state istitutions. Women teach in these places and supervise in the woman's department in county and state insane asylums and are employed as police matrons. Vermont reports a matron employed in the state prison, reform school and houie of correction, and numbers of women in places of trust in insane bospitalsand home for children. Massachusetts has women on its state board of charities. Tho law also permits them to hold positions in various institutions of the state. As early as 1S53 an industrial school for girls was established with women as managers. There are about aetenty different organizations established by women in Boston. They are of every kind from the 50 cents per week sewing society to the Society for the Encouragement of Home Studies. During the past twelve years a most remarkable development of charity work has taken place in Boston in many directions in which women have taken a leading port- The Aseoeiated charities waa founded in 1979 and has found its most earnest helpers in women. The reformatory priou for women was opened in 1S77 and has been entirely in charge of women from the first. In 134 two women were added to the board of trustees of the lunatic asylum. The recommendation of the state is to appoint police ruatrou. Rhode Island reports a prisoners' aid association officered by women for the care of women. There is olso a woman's board of visitors for charitable and penal institutions in which women and children are protected and restrained. Providence has inaugurated a polio matron system. The sppointment is an official one. The local charities, as day nurseries, orphanages, etc., and temperance work, are efficiently carried on by women. Connecticut has women on her state board of charities, and one woman on the boards of management cf each of the eight county homes. A matron ia at the state's prison, and each jail has a woman as well as men connected with it. The state insane asylum also has its matron, while its orphan asylums and many of its local charities are entirely managed by women. The first free kindergarten was established by a woman, who afterward carried a bill to the legislature making it a part of the public school system. The plan of homes for neglected children was instituted and practiced for years by a woman, who afterward helped to secure its working throughout the state by a state law removing children from almshouses and bad homes. - New York state swarms with charities, and many of them are largely carried on by women. Women are reported in the state board of charity, on school boards; they are also doing good work as polioe matrons. The Women's educational and industrial union of Buffalo haa nearly one thousand members, and catholics, Hebrews and protestants work most harmoniously together. New York state haa a law reqniring the appointment of women in state hospitals for the insane: and five out of eight hospitals have complied with the law. Mr. W. B. Letchwortb of the New York state board of charities says: "I think that women should co-operate with men in every branch of charitable aud reform work." Mr. Keilogg ot New York ays: "My estimate of womens' work is easily judged from the faet that ninetenths ot our district visitors are women." New Jersey has kind words and ceoeroui commendation for the work of women. They are otticials in the state prison and have proved excellent counselors and workers in the care of industrial schools and Institutions for feebleminded woman and girls, but they are not as yet invited to places on state boards cf charities Pennsylvania. In the hospitals a large proportion of the physicians are women. In the Woman's medical college the dean and three professors are women and 50 per cent, of the instructors. A large number of the charitable homes are entirely oflicered by women. One of its state iusane asylums is in entire charge of a woman as superintendent. Delaware has largely relinquished actual work in philanthrophy and turned much of its charity over to women, the men furnishing the sinews of war while women do the earnest pract ed work. The institutions of Delaware are largely conducted by women. In the District of Columbia women are strongly represented in charitable work. Maryland reports an unusually large number of local charities in the management of which women have a recognized and special share. No one will forgft the institutions of Baltimore, her homes and away from the heat of the city in a place of exquisite beauty her Thomas Wilson sanitarium for children. Virginia gives a minor key to our report. The women of Virginia have nothing to do or say iu reform or charitable work. There is no state board of charity, no women employed in reformatories, work houses or police stations aud none appointed on school boards. West Virginia admits the same state of affairs, except that the W. C.T. U. is established, and gives evidenos that woman ha one avenue in which she can begin the administrations of charity. North Carolina reports no official work done by Women, but they are active in local charities and church philanthropies. South Carolina reports that women successfully manage privstc charities and fill important places in the management of homes, hospitals and orphan asylums; but nothing that may be strictly called official work is yet given them to undertake. Women, however, in 1874, opened a Louse of rest or home for incurables. In Gtorgia there are no women on boards of trustees, and none on atate institutions. Their relations are entirely incidental, and in no ease oflicial or entitled by law to any recognition. A Georgia woman's letter is interesting: "I am southern born and southern raised, with all that both stand for; and verily believe onr sectional disagreements were owing in large measure to our ignorance not of books, but of people. 1 he South has been very slow to appreciate the public ellorts of women. Whatever of prejudice northern women may have had to overcome, it has been increased a hundred fold below Mason and Dickson's line; and the very fact that certain brave women were permitted to work on advanced ideas in the North made our southern cities more intolerant and unjust, I feel a strong, burning desire to do some good, some real work for those about me. It is a grand thing to live to be an earnest worker for humanity; and I awake in the morning full of earnest intentions to fill my dav with work that will be lasting.' Florida reporti that women are engaged ia hospital work, aud mingle helpfully, but not officially, in all the charities, especially in seasous when epidemics have raged. Alabama returns the information that there are many progressive women who are aotive in the schools for oonvicts, and who manage in many local charities. None are officially connected with charities, but some are employed in subordinate positions of publio trust. Prom Mississippi the report is exoeedmg'y meagre. The W. C. T. U. is there established; but otherwise women are not related to cbaritablo work through any organization. Louisiana reports in a similar way that very little, if any co-operative work exists. Texas reports very ioooinplete and fragmentary work done, with little co-operation of women, except from the W. C. T. U. In Tennessee the women are earnestly cooperating in every way in whion tney are permitted. They are now making an effort to establish a reformatory prison for women. Convict women are at present aent to th man's work house, and work on the roads; and a woman 1s often seen holding an infant on one arm. and protecting the child's faee with one band, while she breaks rocks with the other. Missouri claims no special co-operation of women in its charities. The national conferene a of charities have awakened much desire to better the work in Missouri, and women are beginning to be invited to l-nd a helping hand. Kentucky recognizes the good that women may do by co-operating with man in charities. It testifies to the tact and fidelity of women there empioyed in reformatory and charitable institution. Arkansas reports women working in a quiet way in charities. The penitentiary at Little Rook and the insane asy um are officered by men; and while there is no state boar a of charj tit a, the idea of co-operation is slowly gaining ground. In Ohio women are recognized as valuable helpers. They are employed as police matrons and are generally identified with the charitable work of the state, but not officially. Visitors are appointed by the oourts for the institutions and are largely women. In Indiana women are members of the state board of charities. All the officers of the women's prison and girls' reform school are women; so, also, there is a woman physician at the central state hospital for the insane. The state regards itself as rather in advanee in these lines of work. A polioe matron has been appointed ia Indianapolis. Marked improve

ment has been observed in the woman's prison since tbe prisoners have been brought under women's control. M;chigan women are not on state boards, but are working in very responsible positions. Detroit has women ns polioe matrons. No other state excepting Pennsylvania reports so many societies or institutions which women wholly or in part eonirol. Illinois haa no women on its board of charities, but represents them as able to manage discreetly all sorts of charitable work, even to institutions. Iowa reports special co-operative work of women, both atate, county and institution, as managers, visitors and supervisors. Wisconsin invites women to its board of charities, and women's work is retarded ai cecessary and well done in the care of the insane. Nebraska employs women as superintendents of two state institutions. Iu Colorado, four women are on the atate board of control, which has the supervision over the state reformatory snd is also advisory over the borne of the Good Shepherd. Denver has police patrons, and numbers of women are belpfui in philanthropic work. The Indian territory reports that women have no part in public chanties. There are no boards, and in fact, there is but little interest in the dependent clasnes, Oklahoma is young. The only women's association is the Temperance union. In Kansas, woman are couuty superintendents of public instruction. Wyoming has a Btate board of charities, but no oliicial work of women. There are various aid societies and volunteer organizations officered by women. Women vote in this state. Arizona territory has no women officially engaged in reformatory or charitable work, except that in several counties there are matrons in tbe county hospitals. In North Dakota, women are not officially on state boards, but occupy subordinate positions in state institutions and eounty asylums. South Dakota writes that the subject of this paper is of special interest, as women are just beginning w have a share in reformatory work. The governor has been authorized and empowered to appoint three women as a committee ot investigation for the insane hospital at Yatikton, the Deaf Mute school, and penitentiary at Sioux Palls and the Dakota reform school at Plankirg'.oa. In Utah, women are doing all that is done in charitable and reformatory work. There are numerous relief societiea among the Mormon women, but no union. W. O. T. U. work is prosperous in Salt Lake, while good work is done in prisons. In Oregon women are employed in charities, but rarely as advisers. Their work is mainly confined to subordinate positions, as women's wards in insane hospitals. In California among the foremost of its institutions is the kindergarten. Large numbers of women are connected with it. Women also conduct the asylum for the feeble minded, or phan asylum and children's hospital. A matron for the city prison lias been established. Summary. Thirteen states have state boards of charity. Six have women as members of the board Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Wisconsin and Indiana. The need of police matrons is being discovered by all large cities, and gradually they are being permitted to take their places. The kindergarten movemenr,which has its great centers in San Prano seo, Philadelphia, Boston, St Louii and Milwaukee, owes its origin to women. The number of women is increasing in the National conference of charities. Ten of the state corresponding secretaries of this Eighteenth conference are women. Thirty-two women are appointed on its various committees. One woman is appointed its vice-president. Two are its secretaries. Its official reporter is a woman. More than one hundred and fifty women from the states and territories were present at the Seventeenth conference at Baltimore and had fall share of papers and discussions.

SUNDAY NIQi-iT. A Large (isthering at English's Opera-Ilonse Frank I. Snnborn's Addiess. It seemed that all the combined audiences of the past week, and several more beside, were crowded into the charity conference meeting at English's opera house Sunday night, for even the top gallery, where the gods hold forth the Other six days, was well filled with sober-minded people. The boys who distributed handbills in the lobby cried "Standing room only" with a familiar theatrical twang early in tho evening, and along the walls people who couldn't get seats were resting their backs. Charity meetings in Indianapolis are always well atteuded, especially those on Sunday night, and the Kev. Myron V. Keed sounded the cause when he opened the meeting rrilh: "Fifty-five years ago a few men came to Indianapolis with not so much in mind to make money as to make men, and they invested in churches, schools and educational institutions. Aa a result their descendants came in throngs once a year, and . even oftener, to charity meetings. This is not the first time this house lias been crowded with like meetings. It cornea from bringing up children to think of thone in trouble. For seven veare I was under the Rev. Mr. McCulloch's tuition and have aimed to carry out hia plans in Denver. What you are doing here we are carrying on in the bushes, where wo cet together protestants, Hebrews and catholics in tho grand cause of charity. I came here first, to attend the conlerenco; second, to see Indianapolis; thiid, to see the folks, and fourth, because I discovered signs that my wifo waa about to begin house cleaning." Mr. Frank K Sanborn of Massachusetts delivered an address on "Public Charities of Europe." Mr. Sanborn's address, while a long one, was full of interest, the ground being well covered. He spoke from observations made in a visit to Europe in IV. '0 aud found the tendency of most countries to separate their poor instead of aggregating them; to keep them or to piece them iu families rather than in great pauper establishments; and particularly to do this with respect to children from infancy upward and with the chronic insane poor. Belgium has made a great etiort to overcome the ehronio evil of vagrancy and litis a oolony for this class in Merxplaa, a town located in tbe formerly barren region northeast of Antwerp. A S.OOO acre farm, now valued at $717,000 is cultivated by tbe vagrants to the number of 3,0 10. People found begging are sent here and instructed in various trades and agricultural pursuits. Describing the socalled "labor colonies" of Germany, twenty-four in number, Mr. tianborn said: "The arrsngement is quite nnlike that of those in Belgium. Germany ia divided into provinces, governments and circuits, the last named being the smallest political division aud the 'goTernment' standing betwren m loral circuit aud a province, line Brandenburg. Every circuit maintains a nation almshouse for the poor wayfarer; every government maintains a bouse of correction, aud there are many 'family Inns' maintained chiefly by "private charity. These ions answer the purpose of lodging houses for the poor mod are so placed as to be not more than halt a day's walk from the station almshouses, which are found in every circuit and are supported by the tax-payers. The board that manages these almshouses is required to find if possible, employment at wages for all those who lodge there; while the inns, which are temperanoe taverne, give accommodation at a smsll pries to all wayfarers. Wherever the station almshouse, or wayfarer's lodge, is not provide J. as they often are, with a workshop or labor yard, then the neighboring inn establishes one; ths object being in these two institutions to sse that no poor wanderer lacks food or lodging ia a good place, and that temporary work shall bo provided for them. Both

i."f RIOES Used in Millions of Homes 40 Years tne Standard

are under government direction, as everything mustte in Germany, and this is the arrangement which the aulhorities have devised: "Every man visiting an 'icn' or a 'station almshouse,' when he has paid 2 eents (everything is cheap in Germany) or done 2 cents worth of Jahnr, is provided with a traveling certificate ( Wanderschein) containing 100 coupons or blank squares. When he reaches his next resting place he must produce this and show the place and date of his last lodging stamped thereon, without which be cannot, usually, gain admission. To prevent him from idling or begging on his wsy, he is reouire 1 to apply for admission before an hour fixed for in every one of these lodging houses men are required to set forth in the morning at a fixed hour. Lvery man who cannot pay for his lodging must spend nine hours in traveling between stations or in working at one, to pay for his food and lodging. Thus you see that tramping in Germany, like everything else there, has its laws and regulations. Now it often happens that neither tbe private inn nor the public station almshouse can find work at fair wazes for all their visitors, and it is to meet this want, as well as to have an establishment of a more permanent character, that Pastor Bodeischwingh ten years ago devised, and nine years ago set up the first 'labor colour,' seven miles outside the town of Bielefeld, where he lived. He purchased a farm house and some acres of wild land s mething like the Belgian earopioe ;n a retired piace, but not far from two churches, protectant and catholic, and to pay for it he secured a loan, without interest, from the provincial authorities of $10,000. Eight yeare after (in he had so en arged his original purchase that he had a thousand acres, which, with the buildings, had cost him - $30,C00. He Lai previously established a training school at Bielefeld for deacons and deaconesses; and at the head of his new colony he placed a deacon of his own training who had studied agriculture and was a practical farmer. He then gave out word fur and wide that food, board and moderate pay would be given to any man who would work under his regulations. These were that each colonist must remain three or four months, and may stay two years; during the first fortnight a roan is supposed to be learning his work; after that time he is credited with 5 cents a day, but receives uo cash. There is a country store on the estate where each workman can buy what he likes as Ion? as his book shows a credit due him, and when he goes away the balance rerosining is paid over to him." The cost of living is lean than f 1 a week. Permanent situations are obtained in thesa labor colonies for about fifteen per cent, of the inmates, and ouly about one in twenty turns out to be an incorrigible vaeiant. Mr. Sauborn described the Scotch and Belgium system of earing for the poor insane and explained the workings of the Belgian colony at Gheel where patiects have family care. There are only seventy-five in a central hospital. Tbe cost of maintaining the insaue at Gheel is less than $1.6J a week. In Footland the insane are scattered over the kingdom in families instead of concentrating them in one place. The outre pir, ("pious foundations") of ' Italy, declare by their name that they are religious institutions, and, as such, they have generally been administered by priests, as were the corresponding foundations in France before the revolution of 17S9. and those of England before the reformation. They are quite various in their character; the offioial inquests of the Italian government, recently made public, having arranged them in thirtythree classes. According to this report, the substance of which was given in the French Journal dt hconotninta in October, 1839, these charities number 21.819, beside 2.6U0 banking institutions (pawn brokers, ioan-lunds, etc which have or did have a charitable character. Tbe property of these 21,619 various charities was reported as worth 1,731.000,000 lire or $3.'A0UVJOO. but a better estimate is $100,000,000: and their yearly income, includiutr collections and gifts, reaches the great sum of95,507,000 lire, or almost 20,000,000. Many of them have a religious rather than a distincly charitable character; but the great majority either maintain hospitals, infirmaries, ahus houses orphan asylums, etc., or else distribute food, money, clothing, etc., to the poor of the city or town where they are, or aid widows and apprendced children in that locality. Mauy are educational in their soope and their education means always a close atteution to the doctrines and p ractice of the Roman church. Few persons, even in Italy, were aware of the axtent and importance of these semireligious charities until the oliicial investigation disclosed it. The bill reorganizing these charities was passed by the Italian chamber of deputies Dec. 19, 13M), aud reported to the senate by Crispi Dec. 23, and finally passed May 7. 18.X), in the senate; Put with considerable modification, against which Crispi proteoted. Those ancient Italian charities have been, from time immemorial, in the bands of the catholio church. They have grown up duriug the past twelve or fifteen centuries, aud some of them may even date back to the time of Constantine, before the Latin aud Greek cnurcbes separated, and they have accumulated, in the course of centuries, a vast property. In his speech of May 2, ISiO, Crispi said: "The opere of charity in Italy altogether control a property of $100,000,000; their yearly income is $18,000,000, and might be $20.(XHOt0 if there was a better management. Their expenses, apiirt from the charity they distribute, are, in gross: Three million dollars for taxes, i 6v0,(0j 'or charges on property, and !?3,400, 10) for expenses of administration, leaving oniy $10,OJ0,OuO out of $13,000,000, to be expended ior charitable uses. But of the whole 21,813 iostitutious, less than aeven thousand' have property enough for their needs; the yearly income of lO.WO opere pie ia less than $100 each, and only 42.000 have an income of between $10J and $300 a year.'' In this calculation all endowments are reckoned whether their object be educational, religious or elemosyuary. But the stricily charitable institutions are 8,215 in number, with a property of lo'),(00,000 lire (3f5,O0O,00U), aud an income of $2,000,000. Considering that Italy now lias nearly or quite 30,000.000 people this charitnble fun J does not seem very large, and, in fact, it is always supplemented mure or less by money raised among the people in the form of taxes. Pome, for example, with charitable funds of more tiian $1,0(K),In.O net income, and with little more than lour hundred thousand inhabitants, raised by taxation in more thau &0J,0u0, which went to increase the fund for relieving the poor. In some of these establishments the cost of administering the charity was more than a third part of the whole income; aid, in general, there was complaint that the priests managed it either for their own comfort or for political purposes. 1 was told in Palerui, for example, that of the great funds which come into the hands of the clerical managers of these charities, only a small part goes to the poor, the rest beiug used ) oUtically, and. was intimated, against the existing government of Italy. B.gnor Crispi. who ia an old Garibaldian and not a very ardent friend of tho church, made up his mind to turn out these clerical managers and leave the control of the charities to a board in each municipality, from which parish priests are excluded by one section of the law. His reasoning on this point to the Italian -euate, which voted with him, was as follows last May : "Grantiug that tho priest is a good man and a friend of the poor, he is still subject to the orders of hia bishop, who appointod him and can suspend h.m, aud whom he l a sworn to otiy. llut there are not tiro co-ordinate pow era in Italy, each entitled to obedience; and in tbe distribution of charity, aa in other civil matters, the government must be supreme. Hence it follows that the priest must not aduiinistsr charity in lmlj; we exclude him, not because he is not a good priest, but because he is under other orders than those of the Italian people." Crispi went on to aay that the charities themselves must be conoentrated and reorganised under the direction of boards elected in each commune. It is upon this danger a very real one that the clerical opponents of Crlspi's law fasten their eyes and seek to fix the attention of the good people of Italy. Unfortunately for them the politics of the vat c an are known to be no purer than the politics of Naples snd Genoa, while the Italian people are le solute to free their country from all temporal sovereignty by the pope and his ecclesiastics, great and small.

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C&stcria is Dr. Samuel Pitcher's prescription for Infants and Children. It contains neither Opium, 3Iorphino nor other Narcotic substance. It Is a harmless pubstituto for Paregoric, Drops, Soothing Syrup. and Castor Oil. It is Pleasant. Its guarantee is thirty years' uso by Millions of Mothers. Castoria destroys Worms and allays feTerishness. Castoria prevents vomiting Sour Curd, cures Diarrhoea and Wind Colic. Castoria relieves teething troubles, cures constipation and flatulency. Castoria assimilates tho food, regulates the stomach and bowels, giving healthy and natural sleep. Castoria is tho Children's Panacea tho Mother's FricutL,

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Upon this point Crispi often insists and always with the applause and support of his countrymen. Education isds reading fast among the young Sicilians, and schools are much the fashion. In an almshouse which I visited in Palermo the great Albergo dei Poveri, for women and children I not only found tbe younger girls reading and writ n, but the older ones were studying tuusio, aud a class of twenty or thirty were listening to an eloquent lecture on Manroii i and Italian literature in general. Fancy the girls at the Monson primary school taking notes of a lecture on Walter cott, Shakspeare and Hawthorne, and you would have a Massachusetts parallel to the scene. Young Sicily does not mean to be left behind in any part of the race for higher civilization. Tbe people speak a .Sicilian dialect bard to understand; bit the children are taught pure Italian, as I can testify; for I went into a little free school of the paltry villsge of Mola, 2,1X feet above the "riolet-hued sea," aa Homer calls it, and there the little men of eight, ten and twelve years stood up and recited to me in good Italian, and with all the touo and gesture of orators, the story of Horatius at the bridge, of Cornelia, mother of Gr.icchus, and of the modern Horatius and Graochus in one. Garibaldi the liberator. These boys, in the matter of language, will soon carry their fathers ou their backs, as .Eneas did, and they are growing np to a brave patriotism for united Italy which, is good to see. I told the boys I was an American and to prove it gave the schoolmaster some money, as I had done with the Greek schoolmaster at Cheronea. That afternoon, as I was walking on the road to Mola with my wife, we met one of the schoolboys going down to the town to sell a few things and munohing a lemon, wh c i, perhaps, he had borrowed from a tree, as I did one day at Syracuse. We recognized each other aud I asked hiui to tell us the story of Horatius. He laid down his bundle to free his right band; then reflecting that he should need the other hand for the grand gesture of plunging into tbe stream he laid down also his dear lemon and gave us the story with all due eloquence. Such boys, ragged and dirty as they are, make the hope ot Italy; they grow up to be good soldirrs, are not too servile toward the priests and lazy monks, and the control of the future rests with them. FOURTH DAY'S SESSION. Monday at the National Conference of Cbnrttlea. Dr. Hal C. Wyman of Detroit presented a paper Monday Morning on "Hospital Cleanliness," and the nature of the paper merited a larger audience of physicians than was in attendance. It was mostly devoted to the scientific details of hospital cleanliness. He found that by an absence of filth and necessary germs of disease, the morta'ity is largely decreased. Separation of patients and classification according to disease is of the utmost importance, for germs arising in the air will infect patients suffering from other diseases. Dr. Wyman advocate J a careful K-rutiny of the minor management of a hospital, describing tho best apparata for bathing purposes, for cleaning floors, disinfecting beds and clothing, burning the sweepirjs, etc. The paper waa strongly approved, Dr. A. A. Aucker of St. Paul emphasizing the point that white bed spreads didn't necessarily make a clean hospital. Dr. A. W. Brayton of thia city apologized for the non-attendance ol local physicians bv claiming thatthey were all of Dr. Wyman s opinion in this matter and could not escape the demands of their business. Ho in turn supported Dr. Wyman in his views, and Father Beesonies, in peaking. called attention to the eliect of a cheerful air, when assumed by a hospital physician. Dr. W. B Fletcher in discussing the paper told of his experience while at the head of a gangrene hospital iu Kiehmond, Va., during the war. In those days the only way of ' stopping gangrene was by cutting off a patient's limbs. This surgery is now prevented bv modern treatment and cleanliness, lie thought no bedding should be occupied by a second patient, as disease is too often transmitted in this manner by germs that linger in bedding. Mrs. Agnew, II. H. Giles of Wisconsin, Dr. A. R. Moulton of Boston, K. S. Rosenau of Buffalo and Dr. Bell of Michigan epoke upon the subject. During the morning the committee on organization recommended the appointment of an international conference committee of nine to have charge of the charity exhibit at the world's fair. A letter from Director General Davis of the fair managers was read in which he favored such measure and the recommendation of the committee waa then adopted. At the time of the discussion on hospital cleanliness Mr. Sanborn reviewed the plan of ventilation in the Danvers ineane hospital. This is a most expensive plan but wai found to be defective. Dr. V. I. Jonea, formerly superintendent of the Tennessee insane hospital epoke of thia matter and Dr. F. II. Wines of Springfield suggested a feasible plan of establishing a training

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Castoria. Castoria is so well adapted to children thai I recommend it as superior to auy prescription known to we," II. A. Archer, 5L D., Ill So. Oxford St., Brooklyn, J. T. M Our phys!dans in tho children's department hare spoken highly of their experience in their outside practice with Castoria, and although wb only hare among our medical supplies what is known as regular products, yet we are free to confess that tha merits of Castoria has won us to look wiUi favor upon it." Umitxd nosprrix awd Dic8ary, Boston, Ila&s. Axlex C Ejoth, Pres., -" - -mm 1 Bchool for coiore 1 nurses at some southern city, Nashville for instance. Judge Caldwell of Nashville immediately espoused this idea. Colored women were especially adapted for such occupation, and there nr a few of them trained now in .Nashville. They make from $2 to St a day. Gen. Brinkerhoff of Ohio turned back to the subject of ventilation, nnd wanted a school to train architects in the pcience of proper ventilation. This brought II. L. ?mith of Connecticut to his feet. He was the victim of excessive ventilation. Car windows, church windows and various other windows had been tSe bane of his existence during the past week. Before the pupils of the blind asylum closed the morning session with songs President McCulloch appointed the following committee on tho international conference: Fred II. Wins, Springfield. 111., chairman; II. IL Hart. SU Paul, Minn.; L. C. Storrs, Michigan ; V. B. ifanborn, Massachusetts ; A. E. Elmore, Wisconsin; Gen. It. Brinkerhoft", Ohio; Oscar Craig, New York; John M. Glenn, Maryland; Oscar C. McCulloch, Indiana. Mrs. Jacobs of Denver dwelt upon the Thomas Wilson sanitarium in Baltimore, where young children are taken in the Bummer time. The manner of treating them formed an interesting theme for a few momenta. Mrs. V. T. Smith of Connecticut had ppent fourteen years in this kind of work and she spoke for a long time. At first mothers looked upon her with suspicion but afterward clamored to get the children to country homes. Mr?. Jacobs suggested a code of rules for mothers so that they could know how to give children tho proper care. Mrs. Evans of the local flower mission informed her that these rules had already been distributed in thia city. Mrs. Houghton of New Y'ork is a very entertaining talker and she told of the noble work of the King's Daughters in the crowded metroo'i3. There one square mile in New ork where 2-0,000 people live and a corps of phyMeiana employed by the aid associations patrol this district. The King's Daughters furnish nupphea and contribute their own work in aiding these physicians. Harry Pierre complimented the doctors of Indianapolis on their noble work in conjunction with the flower mission. Dr. Potter of this city formulated a set of sanitary rules for the flower mission and explained the operation of them. A number of the ladies of the city took part in the discussion. Dr. Philander V. Chase of Chicago described his work among the slums in that citj-. lie spoke of there being no police sanitation the police beini i;i the hands of politicians. The greatest trouble to contend with in Chicago ia the foreign element which is coming in by the ecore. Among the worst cae-ses he noted the Syrians, Italians and the Bussian Jews, the latter being driven out of Kussia, and coming to Chicago in tcores. Prof. J. W. Jenks of the etate university advocated the keening of tno subject before the public and educating public opinion. Mr. d'Arcambal agreed wholly with the opinions of Secretary Johnson. James II. Nutting of Howard, TL I., thought it ws our business to uplift tho foreijrn element. If the people are not educated on moral questions a heavy measure of responsibility lies on ui clergyman, said the speaker. He advocated a series of lectures on topics like this to be given by clergymen in churches n- af the center cf population in large cities. Do Vonr Own Ij-t-lnc;. "Successful Home Preiog" is a book of plain sad practical directions for dyeing one hundred colors, with the famous Diamond Dres. Wells, Ulcbsrdson k Co., Burlington, Vt., will send free one of tnsse books aodaeard with forty cloth aamplea, showing beautiful colors et Diamond Dyes, to aay reader. "Home Art" Is another valuable book on tbe ase ef the Dyes, which la sent for a stamp. The ether is free. One csn make old dresses look like new, clothe the children handsomely from fided garment, and cive the husUnd's suit a ncwleass of li.'e, Uh but little trouble or exi-ense, by using Diamond Dyes. The few who do not knew bow easily they eaa be used and what a gre it saving t'ley wake in clothier bills, aught to try them this spring. Wnea Baby was sick, we gave ber Castoria. When she was a Child, she cried for Castoria. When she became Hiss, she clung to Caetoria, Wea sbe had CMidroo, she gave tham Castoria.