Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 34, Number 49, Indianapolis, Marion County, 9 January 1889 — Page 5

THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 1S85).

THERE IS A B09K TRUST.

AND IT IS A VERITAILE OCTUPUS. This Trust U tb Parent .f All Traiti and It Practically Control The Schools Its Organization. ad Sue eegsful Worlirs;. "There is do ecbool-bo-k trust, and there never was one," said a - 1 known agent of Antwerp, Bracg & Co." a few days as,o- He farther remarked to tli-'TCportcr that all the publishers were "euttiuj'eaoh others throats." A representative of A. S Came? fc Co., attending the Stats teacher' association, wanted cryb0d7 to nnderstaid that "cut rates" anions the publishers enabled people to buy choo! books chenper tba the state could publish there. Word has been passed all along the book agent line to nake it a point to irjpross upon the liiemWs that there vr as a great competition among th- publishers. When the look monopoly in- tHz state is abolished the a.ectj, who tell thee itories will, no doubt, become lightaing-rodnfc'eut3. The school-book trust is the parent ofall the trusts of this country, ante-dating eventbe standard oil trust. In 1S7G VanAntwe, lira"?'' & Co. of Cincinnati; Ivi3on, Ilakeni;n. Taylor fc Co. and A. S. Barnes &. Co. of New York formed a compact to work together to k?p up the prices of books and to annihilate all the rival publishers. D. Appleton fc Co. of -few York were invited to join the trust, but rff'nseü to comply, and for a number of years tie Ai-"eton people fought the trust ainU-haided. Te trust, however, inanaced to replaceAppleton'a books by a system of "cut rates' which brought the latter company to its seni'u, and I. Appleton & Co. joined the syndicat. There have been liree or more sets of "articles of association ' The tirst were formulated and printed in 1"4 and continued in force until 170. They luv the syndicate the name of the ''Publisher' Board of Trade," and eave the bject of the ssociation to be "to establish the business of publishing and eupplyroe school test-books 01 just anu economical principles; to correct aluee in methods of introduction and supply; and to promote the mutual interests of menbers of the association and purchasers ff books." Experience has shown, however that tha "mutual interest of ha member" ard the annihilation of all com pe tin 2 concerts are the essential and only objects of the association. When one member of the syndicate has once introduced a particular textbook in any school or school tysteni, no other lueitber of the syndicate has a rijfht to öfter a iai!ar text-book for use in that school, howevtr better the book may bo, or however much th; school authorities may desire it. Ipon a ctmplaint that this rule has been violated an iivestitratiou is ordered such as that now in yrogresa in Philadelphia. Unless the firm vhose book i? desired receives a price that justifies it in paying the heavy penalties affixed ly the syndicate it must refuse to furnish the Wk. The operation of the syudicat? will be better wnderstood by a perusal of the following exact py of a letter of instruction sent by the Cincinnati octopus to one of its asrents in Feb., iS-?. The ajrent to whom this letter was sent ii now out of the book business: Pear Sie At yeu Lave been apprised. Me?sr-. I. Appleton A Co. now hold the ame relation to us a Iri.sori, Blakemao, Taylor A Co. and A. 5'. Barnes v Co. It is now an alliance of four houses instead of three, as heretofore. You will therefore not displace dirwtly or indirectly the U-ks of D. Appleton A Co., Ivinn, Blakeman," Tavlor A Co., aud A. S. T-ajDM A Co.. but yv ire at liberty to send cireula , 11 quote introduction prices on application.! that came to yon unsolicited. In all such cases you will Veep stejdilv in tnind that c do not wish to displace the boo'ks of either party a above, and that to !o so will email a paynieDt by us for compensation which will exceed any pro tit "there luirht otherwise hiT-rt bo t us ia the transaction. You will erupby no coainiissicaai:PDt.s or Mtb-agents. Y on wi'.l make a quarterly report, or oftener, jf accessary, u us, of a'.l tli.; displacements of a!l the oompact books that, may have boca caused through your operations, or that come to your knowledge. :ating. the number displaced and all the facts concerning the liplacerueuts. Thr-.! must be. ahsoliitely no conflict between yonrcf and other agent of this compact. In contests against non-compact hool, the a rent first on the ground, whose books are likely to tie accepted, ihsll hare priority. In eases uf dispute on this point on the part of the area, the question shall t-e rtitm-d to the houses interested tor settlement. You are. rc(ut ced to notify any compact house, direct or through its ay-nt, hicherer may bo niot exticdiDt, of any jeopardy rou may oieover their puhiiratiou to le in troui the ittack of outsiders, a;ji to do vuur lit, ino'Htent yith the circunn!anee of the case, to defend them ilways acaint the attacks of noii-cotnpact houses. tatroiuc tiou pri.vs shall be the aiue as wholesale r list prices, txeept to meet competition of house bo do not adopt this rule. A committee of adjudication, consisting of Mr. Milium H. .ppletou, I?, lilakeman. A. t '. Hnrnes tod K. F. Leaman, have been appointed, tr m l.oiu will be referred ail questions of dispute between agents, all complaiofs of irr rul tri tics, etc.. and the ie. iion of the committee will be iinal. Tuis committer is likeiy t- bsve. as yeu will pereivc, potent iafliH!ce ia agency matters, but w ball hope it may herareiy, if eTtr, called uj'On to exereiwe any unpleasant duüet in connection with its Junctions. tVe thus submit to you the salient points of int ructions that bare been a rced upon by our four hfusts. and will adrise you more fully from time to tine a oe'-asion requires. Wry truly your-., ijncd.j Vaji Amiwkep, Bkaoi. A Co. As will be wen, the above was cent to notify aa;eut that I. Appleton A Co. had been whipped iuto line aud made full member iu the etopus. Later on Van Antwerp, Brair? tfc Co.'s ieuts received more instruction on the opera.ioa of the trust. Like all trusts, harmonr tmon? the monopoly houses prevailed, as will ie seen by the following: I'ear ?.'E Tbe four torn pact houses have recently ncid a eonferer.ee resulting in most htrnioniou ft ion. each tirni exv-resin its general atisiaetion ith t he opemiion ol : compiu-t run s, a rtrontr dire or their eoutinuanee witu stul toore siri. t ami rareul ctserancc, their cvavictioti .f knctiiiai results c i confidence ot the stability of tlic Compart. It I. a ben a causo of mutojl congratulation that '.here ba been on the part of both . principles aud :he:r sifccts a maniitst determination to carry out houestly and conH-icntiously all the provisions of the agreement according to tbe best UPdtrstandint;; In re can t uo'loubt that as the priucipals become more thoroughly understofM Dd as all the agents Income more thoroughly in yiupathv with the spirit which inspires the aliiauee, dilhculties will oisappear, aud causes ot disatitaetiun will be removed. The object oi this letter ia to impress upon you tha xry Kreat im.rtani: of exercising the utmost tiuiioD and s-j-.'iiauco in your operation to aroid any and all encroachments upou thu rights ot our aa-wK-iatcs. It mould be even let tor to be more liberal than the strict obstruction of the rules required, thau to outend for the full extent of yoiw privileges under tbem. V shall be eiad to see on tbe part ofall aeors a friendly emulation and a generous sentiment and liberal aetioc. It is not uecei"surj that you should disclose to the acenr j of the other hon.-vg all your plans ith reference to outside work, but it is essential that therj rhould be between you the utuiost frankness u regards the interest of all compact took in use. You should confer with them as frequently as priortnnity atlurds, and treely impart and give in Wmatino of common iulercst, ttrivin to inspire ia them confidence, in your honest purpose, and to act faithfully to tLa agreement, and give them jour confidence in return. While caniully noting and observing 11 that transpires, avoid suspicion of sinister motives and actions, and especially avoid reporting to your houe, or other causes of complaint, having their foundation in suspicion or rumor, or those of trilling or ins.grnincant nam re tending to irritate, but .accomplish no good result. j Hut if any ac4 -omraittcd which you deem of iitfi Unt importance to lay before the bouse, first ascertain the absolute fact with sutficient corroboration and then present it in tbe most direct and dispassionate rnanDer. Under nocircumstauces ca-i we consent to any act of retaliation for aliened wronjrdoiotr. nor to your usin? any irregular or doubtiul act ot other as a justification or excuse for a similar course on your part. 1 not imatjlne that under th-e or other elreunistans you would be doing acceptable service, to your house to reeorer or compensate lor lo, however indirec tly or dexterioufily ae complished. It is no favor to us. tin the contrary, every auch ;rain would proe an absolute embarrassment and di-advantage to ns and joureif. If an a-r.t of another bouse, belonrio? to the com-pa-t. trespa'ses npoo your ripbrs, we bare ample proTition for redress, and penect con-fid'-nce in his bouse to adnilnhu-r justice and discipüoe. Hoping that all may strive together for a prosperos and peaceful year s work, we are. Very respectfully, JSlgned ' Va Axtwebp, I'riog a Co. Crerythinsr proxressej lovely for the trust. Other publishing bouses bad been subdued and made "annex" houses. Competition being fan end, the local agents were dropped. Vr'ebster'a dictionary was to be sold for the joint benefit of the "four houses," but the teachtri and echool ofticers were cat ott from their allowances and the book-stores reduced to 10 er cent, coinruisxio-j, as will be seen by the following additional instruction to tba agents: J'Eab .5m It Is deemed expedient to remind y u e w-juonnaily of ho objects and provisions of our agreement with other houses, and your duties under tte rules. The object of the alliance in. as you are aware, to save the eipenses involved in dtspla-in c h other's bocks and in deien-iiiiK tbem against eachole-r' attacks, aud to r.hapn the p rice of school books. Yon are ot ecV to diplac tbe pu ol. tiou of U oi the three boujes ol the compact, nor any of

the tbree annex houses, either directly or indirectly. Orders r-cci ved by you to displace compact books must be forwarded to us with lull explanations of all tbe circumstances. You are not to appoint any local or commission scents, either dealer, teacher or school officer, nor allow any ijreater commission for handling books for introduction than tea (10) per cent, on cash proceeds. Yoe are required to notify every compact house of any jeopardy you may discover their publications to be in, aud to do your best always consistent with the circumstances of the case, to defend compact books against the attacks of non-compact books. We deire yon to extend the sale of the strtnJard supplementary readers, by all proper tfteans not involving too serious injury to our publications: but it is not permissible ior you to offer them in piaccs where the readers of any compact house are u?ed ex clusie!y. should you discover a demand for supplementary readers, you will notify the bouse where the books are in use' Vebters dictionary licing the standard of orthography of the pnMicalious of the four house, you are requested to jrive your influence in its lafor. The Intriduction aud exchange pries of the printed price lists re to be adhered to, thounh wc areat libertv at our option to give you permission to meet irregular otb rs on the part of outside houses when our agreement with individual houses do not prevent it, but in all eass yon arc to sipprioe the competing compact aeent oft ho fact, and the reasons lor so doini;. You have a'.reodv 1-een made acquainted with the "rub s of propriety" iu pnrt, and others will be presented as applying to your held when occasion requires. You are requested tiotto aetV: to bring about or in any way eneourace a movement to brimj a'oiit state or county adoptions, when such adoptions are not absolutely compulsory by law, since in nearly if not all cases, injury mith't result to some compact books. You are required to make to us full reort on or K'fore the first of ca'-h month of all books of other houses to this compact displaced by you or through your knowledge d urine the preceding thirty days, statin? the number and kinds of book displaced, and the place and circumstances of the displacements. t is presumed the agreement with the three annex hiMises will continue for another year. You will then-fore continue to observe the rules given in reference totlieir publications. It is the pri ili'u! of the assoeiatfon at any time, either through individual members or through the secretary of a special committee, to inquire of any ajrnt of anv of the four houses whether bo bs been faithful to his oblijntions under the rules, and to require his explanations concerning aliened or presumed reuii"sae of duty. Very respectfully yours, Van Ants kki Ubach," a Co. Kecently the trust raised the commission of th stores handling schooi books to 12 per cent. A local book dealer said yesterday that the commission reeeived from the octopus did not pay for the trouble of handling school books, and the look stores would lose nothinj; if the state should publish and supply the trade thron zh "supply acrnts" in cities and the township trustees in the country as proposed bv a larife majority of the legislature. To-day the country finds itself confronted by a syndicate of book publishers which has almost full sway over the educational institutions of the land. Sschool boards . have only apparently the ri',ht to say which book shall or shall not be used in the schools under their jurisdiction. The real power is in the syndicate, which will receive a severe blow by the legislature which will tjodown in history as the "jrcat reform legislature." HERE'S A GIRL OF GRIT.

All Alone She Carriea the 1. S. Mail Over n XVild Oregon XVnste. Kuicene (Orn.1 Letter. J The pluckiest girl iu Oregon is Miss Minnie Wcftman of Eugene. She carries the U. S. mail from the head of the Suislaw river up the coast range to Hale, a distance of twenty miles. There she meets her father, who carries the mail by stage further on. This twenty miles which every day Miss Vestman traverses is the wildest recioa of Oregon. It is right in the heart of the rugged Cascad j range ami is inhabited by hears, cougars, panthers, and mountain lions. These do not intimidate the bravt git I, however. Mie carries the mail on horelack and always has a pistol with her. Minnie is livel, and, of cours-", sh is good looking. Once, while climbing the hihts toward Hale from the .Suislaw, a irreat Lir bear stood up iu the road in front of her and snitied the air. Minnie happened to be looking the other way aud did not see him, but her horse did, and, wheeling suddenly in fear, he threw her off. When ishe got up she saw the bear. IJe was not forty feet away. She turned, recaptured her horse, and mounted him, and with much difficulty pressed him Past the bear, who stood and blinked and looked ugly at her. Hie rode fast, got through, and made the upcoming stage all rieht. Another time she w as riding along the Sutslaw river, with her mail sack flapping against her horse's side, when ahe saw a huge catamount stealing along the ereat limb of an overhanging tree. She had almost got up to the limb when she saw the catamount. At once she backed away from the tree and fired her pistol. Three times 6he shot before the catamount would budire, but then the cat felL He got away by hiding in the brush at the roadside, Next time Minnie had a job on her hands in the shape of two tramps. They were tired, they said, and would like her horse to ride. A glimpse at her shining gnu convinced them that thep didn't wan: any horse, and they mado treck i in a htirr-. The worst experience sh ever hnd. however, was one day in July lair. She spied a pretty little black cul just at the elbow of the Suislaw, where the steepest part of th up-s-rade commenced. If you know what an old bear is that has cubs you know what this girl knew at once, that they are not plcasent customers to meet. She ran awav as fast as she could, beinjr dragged by the Lone, who needed no encouragement, and who came near wrcstins; the hitchinjrstrap from her. Luckily she was not followed. Miss Westman has had a number of other adventures, but has alw ays managed to get out of them in good shae. Mie makes this lonely twenty miles alone every day, and has got to like the excitement of it. THE SCHOOL-BOOK TRUST. What the People Kxpect of the Coining Legislature. To the Editor Sir: I was much pleased with an article in Monday's paper on "SchoolBook Trusts." It is an auspicious omen when a leader of such courage and ability as Senator Boyd of Hamilton sounds the advance in fro important a movement. It is high time the people shouid arouse themselves, and, through their representatives, grapple with and crush out the shamefully extortionate monopoly of book trusts. Our coming legislature will be besieged by the paid agentsof school-book monopolies aud their "complimented" friends, and the battle will become hot. In this as in other fituiiar contests the people will be at a disadvantage, but in this, as in others, they will succeed by the justice of their cause if only they will act unitedly and w isely. Let there be a thorough agitation of the question. Let onr representatives be luude to feel that the people are in earnest and that they intend to have relief either from them or their successors, and the thing is done. But they must be made to understand that the people are sufficiently intelligent to distinguish the difference between a sham battle and a real one, and that trickery or carelessness in forming a committee to report a bill on this tpuestion will not be pardoned. I have a large amount of confidence in the ability and honesty of our legislators, yet the history of the past warrants the assertion that many of them need a good deal of stiffening crammed into their spinal columns before they can stand squarely up in defense of the cause of the people as airaiust the persuasive influence of the money power. This is a democratic legislature. The democratic party claims to be the friend of the people. We bhall see whether we can have a little democratic leciv lation on the school-book question, or whether the party will belie its profession by serving the interests of overgrown book monopolies. Give us better books and cheaper ones by onehalf than we have under the present order of thines. A TEACHER. Milton, Ind., Jan. 3. BRUTAL FIGHT BETWEEN MINERS. They Settle an Old Feud in at Battle uf l'lftyOne Itonnds. . DesMoixe.s, Ia., Jan. 4. Two coal-miucrs, named Gallagher and Clark, fought a desperate mill at Valeria, a small mining town in Jasper county, yesterday, in the presence of ÖOÖ men and women. The light waa the result of an old feud between the men. The climax in the excitement was reached when, in the forty-uinth round. Gallacher bit Clark below the belt, and upset him. The blow was so severe that Clark turned a complete somersault, and struck on the back of his head. It was a: first supposed that Clark's - Peck was broken. It took him some time to recover, but as soon as he recovered sufficiently to stand on his feet, he was urged to continue. He did so, but it was evident that Clark was at a disadvantage. He was very weak? and would probs.bly have abandoned the rmz, had he been permitted to do so by the crowd. Two more rounds were fought. The fifty-first round did up Clark COUipIctelv. Doth men were beaten black, aud horribly bruised. They presented a distjraecful spectacle of battered-up and brutalized human beings. No attempt was made by the authorities to interfere with the progress of the fight.

CAN'T BE BULLDOZED.

Law-l'artner Miller and -Some of the Ex pioits of His Younger Oaye. To the Editor Sir: I see in The Sentinel of this date a list of cabinet officers for the incoming administration, among which arc Blaine for secretary of state and W. II. II. Miller for attorney-general. If the friends of the "plumed knight" force him upon President Harrison, then the appoinment of Miller should be made as the best thinj Harrison can do iu ael'-defense. The gentleman interviewed in The Sextinel has fears that Dlaine will assume the role of lord and master over the president and the Other Cabinet officers. I can assure the friends of Gen. Harrison that Blaine will never Lulldoze Miller. It is not generally known that Miller was superintendent of the schools of this city about twenty-five years ago; that he studied law and commenced the praties here. Miller was a success as superintendent of schools, and wheu young men behaved badly he pave them the old-fashioned "rod" about the shoulders until they were glad to change their conduct. Hut upon one occasion the young man's fattier called on Miller for the Imrpose of giving him a thrashing. Ie found, the superintendent at the Fourth ward high school and immediately made his business known aud commenced abusing Miller; whereupon our prospective attorney-general beffged'him not to disturb the school, and, in the best natured manner possible invited him out in the yard to talk the matter over in good quaker ntyle. When they reached the yard Miller walked toward the street and reached the sidewalk, when he suddenly changed his attitude and addressed his visitor about as follows: "Now, tir, we are out of hearing, w here the school will not be disturber!. Your son is a mangy cur, and I expect his sire is no better, and if you don't get away from here in a hurry, 1 will mop the earth with you." Our school patron (who was larcc enough to swallow Miller) wilted and "went hence'' in a hurry. After Miller commenced the practice of law he was engaged as attorney in a suit before a country justice. I was summoned as a witness and spent the day at the trial. The attorney on the opposite side was a notorious bulldozer and very obuaivr. Iiuring the progress of thy case Miller r.vl a decision made by the supreme court of Indiana and reported in the Cincinnati Gazrtfr, whereupon the opposing counsel sprang to his feet and inveighed against Miller most violently for insulting the court by reading law from the Cincinnati Ga:rttr. The justice (who was an honest, obi democrat) told Miller that be hoped he would confine himself to the statute and Mclonald's treatise; that he had no confidence in the newspapers, and especially none in the Cinciiinati ilaicti?, a paper w hich had slandered the democratic party most shamefully, to his certain knowledge. Miller arose to explain that the decision was published in all the leading dailies; that he (Miller) happened to have a Go-'tti but that the decision was also published in the Cincinnati . 17 "im: whereupon the opposing counsel ordered him to take his seat and "keep his month shut or he (couscl) would pitch him through the window." Miller walked up to him and called him a "blow-hard" and a "coward," shook his finger close to the bulldozers nose and told him if he would get up and defend himself he (Miller) would twist his nose off. The bulldozer (w ho was much larger than Miller) became very limber and called on the justice to protect him from Miller's violence. The people in this city (without regard to party) are for Miller, believing hira to be thoroughly competeut and an excellent gentleman, and if Hlaiue is to he prime minister, then Miller is a necessity as an antidote, a "ston wall," as it were, against the lordly tendency of the man from Maiue. I can assure the 'anti" Tllaine republicans that it he ever controls Miller it will be done by the power of histranscendant intellectuality and not by any system of pomposity or lordly bearing. CALivniENES. 1'cru, Dec. 2. AN UNUSUAL DRUMMER. lie Distributes Religious Tracts luring Ilia Commercial Travels. Merchant Traveler. A tall, full-bearded man, who sat next a cross seat in a Siith-ave. (New York) elevated car the other evening, slyly reached'over the shoulder of a young man in front of him and dropped a card in the stranger's lap. It had cost a deal of caution to accomplish the feat without detection, and the tall man leaned back with a happy smile on his face. Two or three observers glanced at Lini with wonder, and to each of them in turn he passed a card with a quick motion, as if he wished nobody to see him in the act Then he smiled again with evident satisfaction. Of course everybody saw him, and as those who received "cards looked surprised and amused, he had presently to dive into his pockets and supply the earful with documents. They were about as larje as postal-cards, and these words were printed conspicuously on the upper half of one side; fl'leao till this up and place it over your bed before retiring to rest. J If I die to-nicht I will go t Sunned On the lower half were scriptural texts, and on the other side a similar arrangement of matter, beginning with this: j Thou art traveling to Eternit v! : To Everlasting Happiness : : or to : Endless Miserv, : : WHICH? " j - In spite of his secretive methods the tali man talked freely about himself and his cards. "I am a commercial traveler," he said. "I live in Crilla. Canada- All my life I have been a wicked scoffer, much given to lying and profanity. Two years ago I Avas redeemed ana regenerated, and I take this means, as I am traveling almost ail the time to atone as far as possible for the past. I never enter a car or a coach or a hotel without distributing my cards." "Io you lind that people pay any attention to them?" : "Oh, yes. You would probably be astonished to know how many till up the blanks as requested. Most of them, of "course, do it in a flippant spirit. At least half of the replies read that the person will go to Chicago! That doesn't oflend me at all, though I am grieved to see it. Young men, too, have a way of signing fictitious names. Last ni'.dit a card was soberly returned to me with Salt creek written in the first blank aud Grover Cleveland in the second." The redeemed drummer smiled with condescending pity at the memory, and continued: "Hut the cards undoubtedly accomplish some good. The language is startlingly Miggeslive, isn it? A great many take it iu real earnest, ami write hell in the first blank and si;n their own names. I have no doubt that the cards have been the means of starting some sinner on the road to repentance and redemption." SCHOOL BOOKS. Some Suggestions For the Consideration of the Coming Legislature. Tt thk Editor Sir: Can the state of Indiana afford to have thousands of children growing up in ignorance, with ample facilities for the free education of all, simply because these children's parents are not able to purchase books for them? On the streets of any town or city in the state may be seen boys and girls of proper age for school, and a little inquiry will reveal the fact that they are not in bchool because the means of the parents are not sufficient to furnish food, clothing, fuel and books, and the first must be obtained, while the last may be dispensed with. In this city2,.'bt children are enumerated, and 1.209 are enrolled as attending school. A larze proportion of the absentees are such because they have no books and are not able to get them. This reveals an unpleasant fact in our system of free schools. If this proportion runs through the state, we can look forward to the day when our prisons will be crowded with convicts from the class that is now growing up in ignorance. What, shall be the remedy? One mar say that the township trustee has the right to furnish books to the poor. This is tnie to soma extent. But there is a decree of pride in the American citizen that makes him abhor the thought of being a pauper, and he labors to feed and clothe his family, but lets bis children prow up without schooling rather than apply to the township trustee. I would suggest that the legislature enact a law that all the school books for the state be manufactured at the state prison by convict labor. This can be done under proper superintendents and the books put into every school free of chartrw for all the pupils, thus making tho täte or Indiana a model for it3 care oi the ;

children and its system of absolutely free education. Those who do buy books pay hundreds of thousands of dollars to some publishing house, while the books made by convict labor and furnished free would be a relief to them. The cost to the state for paper and material might increase the tax a trifle,, yet it would be a great 6avin? to all who do buy books. The plant for manufacturing thesebooks would ?ost but a trifle comparatively and it could be used to do all the state printing at enouzh reduction Ixdow the present system of cost to cover the expense of the plant ia one year. Th convicts of both prisons who are adapted to this kind of business could be concentrated at one place and ail the state printing and school books issued from it. Another thing ought to he looked iuto, aud that is this: the labor product of all the convicts who are thus engaged would not come into competition with the labor and manufacture of the trades and business of the country. Though it aflected the printing and publishine of this class of books, yet the whole mass of the people would be so much lonefited that few would complain, while all other business would b left free for competition to regulate prices without the convict labor of the state interfering as it now tloes. Even the ecllin? of convict labor at the highest price on public works is a hardship to many trades. If all the labor of convicts except that required for the state and school book business could be turned to the construction of Something for the benefit of the state, 0 as to exclude it from competition with other business it might be well to do so. I hoo the legislature will look into this matter and set an example worthy of emulation by other states. Make Our books and schools free, and compel the attendance of all children from six to fourteen years of age. II. IllATT. Crawfordsvillc, Ind., Jan. A.

The Swine Hecord Association. A hont forty members of the Central swine record association met in the council chamber at the court-house on New Years day. The president, Adam En list of Buckeye, delivered an address in which he said the pust year had been a very successful one for Indiana breeders, lie said, among other thing: "There had been but little complaint about the ravages of hog cholera, ami in commenting on the seeming decrease in this dieae. he said it was largely due to the increased vigilance and care on the part of the breeder to the better knowledge of the disease itself, and the treatment it required. For this the breeding fraternity is indebted to the investigations of a few enthusiastic men, and the sw ine journals, which gave publicity to the iuvestieations made, there is still a big field for furtiier investigation, and he believed if the exact nature of the disease is ever learned, and a positive remedy found, it will be done by these men who have already done so much." In regard to the work of the association he said : The farmer is heim? pnid 9 jrood price for his surplus pork, which insures for the breeder of full-blooded stock a ready market at remunerative prices. To further advance this value is the object of this association, and while it does, not claim to be the oldest of the kind it tloes claim, without fear of successful contradiction, to be the only association that publishes a rer.1 pedigree of the animal to be placed on record. In taking either one of the other associations to ascertain the ancestry of the stock recorded, it is necessary to search through several volumes of their record, but in the Central each pedigree is complete in itself. The object of record associations is to fchow purity of breeding and consanguinity of blood, giving the purchaser of the offspring of stock so recorded a complete history of its breeding. The association that gives the best history is the association that should command the most respect from the breeder, rather than tho one that gives no clear history. Erom the reports of onr last annual meeting, appearing in several of the leading live stock journals, the world at large is aware of the fact that a futile attempt, on the part of a portion of the younger members to vain full control 'of the working machinery, and to reorganize these workincs under a peculiar plan of their pwn, was mnde. Our last mcetinif was, to those uot fully iuformed, rather a boisterous one, but it had a happy ending. The smoke of the battle clearing aw ay, found us as before united and working to the interest of the central association under Xhe bonds of good fellowship. Heyond a general exchange of ideas as to the prospect fr the ensuing year, nothing transpired at the meeting of unnsual interest to swine-breeders. Mie Will Wed H'.tn Not. Tb farmers' pretty ds-ufhter,. . . Iniwn in the meadow xreen, Jv-arc!vd for a fonr-l.'af clover 1 he clover heads between. Pown in the sunny meadow, Tencath the kv so blue, She lound a four-leaf clover And put it in her shoe. "For," said she, "I sh.ll marry The first one meets ruy vi-w. While stalking in tbe nialow AS ith a clover ia my shoe." Then to her neighbor's farmhiu'S .-'ne let her fancy run; You see this next'-door neighbor Had a i.ery handsome son. And then she Mushed and started, For, down the shaded way, A fitrure lall and comely Across her vision lay. Mh! little four-leaf clover, 1 will believe in roti; It those who will be scornful I know you've told me true." With beatirj; heart sh? waited Till the ripuro lame that way, Tie-n. looking said swteily "It is u plcaiant day." Hie looked a?iin and pouted; (marine, if you can. This country maiden's angerIt was the 'hired man. TVtroit t ree Prc?s. ' "Uncoil raged." .irkansaw Traveller." Au old negro with his wife, eighteen docs, find n wagon load of children, was met in the road by a white man. "Hello, old man, which way?" "Tookin' fur er good place ter settle, sah." "Where have yon been living?" "Down yere in Florida, but de times dun got too hard down dar now." "Why, I should think that the times were improving, as the yellow fever is about over." "I at's jes de reason, sah, de times got hard. Long ez de fever wuz darau' folks sont in hams au' bread an' sich, times wnz good au' it wuz wuth while ter live dar, but now dat de fever is ovtvr an' er pusson baster hustle, w'y it ain't no place fur cr po' man." ' "Where do yon expect to go?" "Wall, sah, Es lookin' out rarer place whar de hiifh waters er ragin', but I 'a mighty feerd I kain't find it dis time o' year." "How will high water help you?" Tho negro trave the white man a look of pitying contempt. "Look yere, man, wharfo' you ax sich foolish questions? Poau you know dat w hen de hich water rages de guberment sends 'visions and meat ter de folks? 1 'clar ter goodness, I goes erronn dis couutry er good deal an' sees mo' itrnuncc .'rnung de white folks ever' year. It do 'pear ter me like it wuz time da wuz 1'arnin suthiu', butda doan. Da jca keep on in dar own narrer an' ignunt way. 1's mighty uncouraged wid 'em.". 11 Why Not New Mexico-. , Iowa State Register.1 There seems to be a pretty general current of opposition to the admission of New Mexico as a state. The Charles City - Intrfligenttr has an article especially opposed to the territory of burros. This feeling ia general. Yet is it not true that in the treaty w Üb, Mexico by which wc acquired New Mexico, we guaranteed to cive the people of that territory the rights of statehood at an early day. New Mexico, iu fact, has a claim in chartered w riting just as California had, entitling it to statehood at the earliest practicable momeuL Caught With a Hook of tlrats. Haiper's Ba'J.r.j "Mr. Brief, I want to sue Miss Jones for breach of promise." "All right ; but what was the promise?" "Well, you see, we were off t a picnic in August, and Emcliuß wns mad because her sister had bad more proposals than she, and she asked me if 1 wouldn't help her out. I said I would if she would reject me; but, bane it. sir. though she promised not to, she accepted me the tirst chance she cot." Sutbln' About Kisses, The Epoch.) Young countryman (to girl iu confectioners') "Have you got any of them, what they call kisses, them small puffy things filled with wind?" Girl "Yea, sir; we have the French meringue and tbe Amelie Hives." Young countryman "I guess I'll take the Anielie IUves. I've heerd suthin' about her kisses and they lay she makes good onr."

t ARMING FOR THE FRAY. . McGraih Oi doan' exae'ly like th' shtyle av that felly comin'. Here's a bit av a cudgel in case av accident ! Freight Car Staggers (the tramp) Dey don't 'pear ter be 110 rest fer a cent in New York City. THE NEXT PRESIDENT Very Ijrj;ely Responsible For the Corruption nt the Recent Clecttou. To the Editor Sir: The people of Hamilton county are well pleased w ith and proud of The Sentinel's course in exposing the frauds by which Indiana and New York were carried for Harrison at the last election, ard at the S8me time we are amazed and disgusted with the republicans, especially the church-going portiou of them, who know the Dudley and Harrison methods perfectly well, but are constantly asserting that Harrison is a pure man and Dudley a Christian gentleman. Kvcry circumstance in connection with raising the money and buying the votes point as directly t Hen Harrison's complicity with Dudley and others in the plot to debauch the ballot-box as the rays of the sun point to tbe solar center, and yet they say Harrison is an honorable man. Did Harrison know what bis son and J. V. New, and a host of others, were raising money by the thousands of dollars for until the very day of election? If it was not to buy votes w ith, w hat was it for? They had no other use for it. It is very plain that Dudley knew whatwas expected of him w hen Harrison had him made treasurer of the national committee, and there h no doubt that he did jnst what was expected of hirn. Harrison will pass into history a a fit companion of IL Ii. Hayes, and they will go down to posterity as the two men "that sat in the president's hair that were not honestly elected by the people. J. K. Cakson. Noblesville, Ind., Jan. 1. A difference. There is a tremendous ditlerenee between holding a truth and letting it hold you; between n doctrine merely recognized and a doctrine that impels you to demand recognition for it from all the world. In one case you liave a dead, in the other a living truth. Religion to be cnYctive demands live wood, not dead lumber. A great deal of what is called popular antipathy to religion is simply indiSerence to its dead elements. A living faith that is trans- ' latcd into action and makes one gentler. broader and nobler, developing integrity and probity, will never arouse lnditlercnce. .Jccitii Jfttmrnijtr. Shoplifting or Kleptomania? iPuck.) "My detective caught a woman stealing good in the stop; this morning, Capias," said Threads. "Now what kind of a charge shall I make against her?" "Well, that depends," returned the cautious lawyer; "how was she dressed?" AVer's Cherry Pectoral is recommended by eminent physicians, on both sides of the Atlantic, as the most reliable remedy for colds, coughs and all pulmonary d'.s-orders. Inquire of your druggists for Aver? almanac When used persistently Salvation Oil never fails to cure rheumatism and neuralgia. Price '20 cents. Consumption Surely Cured. To the FoiTOn 1'lease inform your readers that I have a positive remedy for the above named disease. Uy it timely use thousands of hopeless cases have been permanently cured. I shall be glad to send two bottles of my remedy prke to any of your readers who have consumption if they will send no their express and P. O. address, llcspectfullv, T. A. Si.occm, M. C, 1S1 1'eai 1-st., New York. Are H To Have Another War? fonie political prophets aver that w sha". Fe that as it nur, the battle w.u;.-d by medical science against disease will never cease until wc arrive at that Utopian epoch when the human family shall cease to be afflicted with bodily ailments.' One of tho most p'dent weapons which the armory of medicine faruihes is lbntetter' Stomach Hitters, which is of special utility as a family remedy, as it is adaoted to the immediate relief and ultimate cure of thoe disorders of the rtomacli, liver and bonds which are of commonest occurrence. Indigestion, biliousness and constipation are incpnrah!e companions, and these ailments are completely eradicated by the Hitters. Hut the remedial scope of this superlatively wholesome aud genial medi'-inc taies in also nervous ailments, rheumatism and kidney troubles, its action iu these.es in tbe otbT complaints, being characterized by uneiualed thorougli-ur-Cvza 6.C00.000 f"0 t'"T hat " 7 ,w pats ttfwt to bttv heeds of tbe largest and moet reliable bouse, and th. y um Ferrv's Seedls M. FERRY CO. are aciinowlodfpxi to t toe Largest Seedsmen In the world. D M. FlBBTitCc'S I s 1 fr" 1 CK -s Illnotrsted .Descriptive and Priced 7:!Vs-si i JZ-& t H applicants, and tolartyw.r'scuitoiners " ' T Jgjk without imWitm 't. Inmht. iT;!T Garden. Field or Flower tseed" loexlrtccje. I should send tor it. Address D. H. FERRY & CO., Detroit. Klch. CUREmDEAF f ice's Piht Inraovi Ciwnait Las Uvirva rsinmr isToss Tm stnsisa sod pr'"w th work of U. mIiriI ilrcm. In.uiiJ., rnafortblMl ilnn is fw'tini. Ail rouvrmt'.,n ,1 wk'opsn kr4 dut.nctK. n-1 1 C.n-..4 .k w'h MUmcajtli, FISE6. Ali-. r. IHsciX. .- y A til 'NTS WATi;i. MAN TO T A K RTttBA (TkNC-Y OK OVuTti AI"!;; size 28xljtlS inches; weight 800 lbs., retail price fjj; Other sizes in proportion. A rsre chance and permanent business. These safes meet a demand never before suppliei by other safe companies. s we are noi governed by tbe Sale Pool. Alpine Snfo Co., C inciuPlti. 0. VnilVP M M IVANTFI tolirn Telrarar hv. lUUrU 11 LI J t-ii nation- furiiinhcd .n as auallntd. -t of b-arnimr. low. 1 art.cu.siH ft'-.-. Address VALL.NT 1NL HH0 Juiusvhle, M is. WATCH FREE!p address with -eeit stump to KIRTLAKD HilOa. .Jt CO.,ioi , fiow YoikCltj.W.V.

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ri

for Infants

"Ca. tori ia so well adapted to children that recommend it as superior to any prescription lttowatome., ILJL Aacnra, M.D., ' Xll So. Oxford Si,, Brooklyn, :;. -f B3TTHE ONLY Durable j Economical Are Diamond Dyes. They excel all others in Strength, Purity and F-;tne.s. None othor are just as pood. Beware of imitations they are mads of cheap and inferior materials and give peer, weak, crocky colon. 35 colors ; 10 cents each. Send postal fr,r Iye Pock, Snple Card, aireesJsss for coloring Photcs., making the finfit Ink or tAi-ag (10 cu. a quart, etc. So!J by Drujtrist j cr sy WELLS, RICHARDSON & CO.. Burlington. Vt. Ter Gilding or Bronzing Fancy Articles. USE DIAMOND PAINTS. Gold, SHvtr, Bronre, Copper. Only 10 Cents. Cur-raniee-i treuer. '-J-r TT' ' ri- vi i tJ r - r st v - ; t. - - - - -4 . - tr '-Nir- .H&i'. y h '''

PERCHER

PORTABLE FARM MILLS. r-izes and Styles. Factory established lS5t. For crinrTinc corn meal, corn and coh meal. cm ?nd oats, graham ftour. etc. A loy can run and keep in order. Complete mill and slic'lor for less thau rt'iO. lUduceJ price for lw. iieeived highest awards at Cincinnati. M. Louis. New Orleans jnd Iiidian?vlis Fairs and Expositions. Send for interesting book. No. -'5, on Milling and Grinding.

NORDYKE & MARMON CO. IMdANAPOLIS, rNl.

lNACauISTC9 WITH TMS GCOCRAewy OF TMt COUr.TBV wtlA OBTAIN M'JCH U-.FORMAT1DN FROM A STCCOF THIS MAS OF THE , WYOMING Q-Mi'V? hTrXcs-a,V. MPotTHe

GREAT ROCK ISLAND ROUTE C, U. I. P. and C, K. K. K'ys.) V7ett, I7orthwet end Bouthwest- It Include CHICAGO. JOLIKT. EOCK IStJIND. DAVENPORT, DE3 MOTITES. COTJNCIX, ELITFS-S. VATEHIOWK, 8IOUX FALLS, MTNSAPOLIS. ST. PATJI.. ST. J03EPIT. ATCHISON. IEAVDNV70IITH. HAKSA3 CTTT. TOPEKA. COLORADO SPKLNOS. DENVKK, PtrEBLO. aad hundreds of prosperous citias and towns traversing -rast areas cf tto richest farming lands la the west. SOLID VESTIBULE EXPRESS THAWS Lendlvn; all eom-pctitora in splendor end ln-rury Of accommoditions (dailv) betwin CUICAOO an:l COiOaADO 6PEir:OS. rSNVEE and PUEBLO. eiaiiLtr niajrniacpnt VI STiBL'IE TRA1H er-vlce (daily) between CHICAGO end COTJNCTL BLUFFS (OMAHA1, and bet-ween CIXICAOO and KAI3A3 CITY. Modem Day CoscUes, e'.erant Lintir Cara (3orvln(r delicious m.al3 at moderate piiceei. restful Rocbniinr Chair Cars (seats I lUiE) M5'l Palace B!epir.g Cars. Tia clirert. liv.n to NiSL&OT. HORTON. n'JTCimieOK'. WICHITA. ABILXlsE, CALDWELL, and aU points ia fccu Ultra Ncbrxilta. Kan3aa. Colorado, tüo Indian Territory Texas. CaHIcmla Excursions daily. Cncico oT routes to tbe Pac&c ccust. 7ho Famous Albert Lea Routo Huna atrperbly equipped "ETTjrers Trnina. daily, between Cliicairo. at- Jonep!. Atchison. JjCavenworth, Kansas City, and Minn-avoi &nd 6 Paul. Tho popular toururt line tot cBcnic re sorts and hunting en J flbinf? rro'iuda of the Tionhweet. Jt W?.tortowr and Sioux Falls br-n-h traversco tho rr?ot "WH3AT ASD DAI2Y EÜLT" of Northern low a, Soi'.th western Küine&cta ond ast Central D.-.ltota. Tho Short Lina via Beneea and Kankakee offera fcilitaa to travel to end from Iacuacapolls, Cm tiiiECti end otter Southera points. For Tickets. Karw. FoldeM, or desired information, apply at nay Coupoa Ticket OlLc, or adOrtsa E.ST. JOHN, E. A. HOLBROOK, Oenl Slas&scr. Genl Tkt. & Pass. Art. CHXCAOO. ILL. Atlas Engine Works, Indianapolis, Ind., MAKERS OL Plain Slide Valve Engines, Automatic Engines. Steam Boilers. .The bo. Kugine for the Ir;t itinpy. Send for rataloj'tu-?. s I sTliea 1 it cure I do nt rnaan morrl to tun t Kri f,-w lime and tbeu tiav. tt: n n-turc acn.n. I m.-.a rul icil enre. I ha madtii d.wi-f I ITS, ti'U.Ll oY arc'ALLrNüMCi.NrS a Ine-lice study. I wsrraDt m r-tnedy to cur th worst eawsi. H'cau otlwts Invs tilt i. oorMsin (rvs now r,H-it.i m ears. S-rd St our fur a trnatiM sod a Kwi t-u ( au a(ail.trfi remedy. tJive t'tvre and Post DAc. a. Ci.IiOUf, JI. C, 1S3 1'carläU, New Ycrk. WEAK MEN STANT RELIEF. ;utiU l.i tl. . ;.1 lie-r t-. ft'illi in s Ir'.in tl'. eCecta of voulhf.il error. mv !.-. wihri, rte.,)ll Jean of a itrp.a rt'n.-c! rm y t-X.vtr.ng f. j. uajon, Putt -.ni f -s ;'; .'.', N c . n .

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FITS

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Hint

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and Children. Castor! cares Col'e, OoBtr.tioa, Sour Stomach. Luarrhce. tructauon. Kill Worms, gives sleep, tvod promote O restion. Without iojrioua medication. The CEsrracB, Conrajrr, Murray Street, . T.' . ii my i i si i sb ' vm r'-iTiüiMiii T-imtV-m-ir - iinai.

A,;0v f CELERY trenne s ' COMPOUND CURES I PROOFS" . . " Pa iue's Celery ConsNGUralgO pound cured my nerrou ick beadaches.' " " " Mrs. L. A. Hrsjcrs-tB, NerVOUS Sa-JaciaH,Ca Prostration A$rZ.i Compound, I amenrea of rheumatism.' Rheumatism Mlwr,Sr South Cornish, N. II mm, m " 1 1 h doOC HI lOOTC rVlaney sood for kidney d'eavc . ilian anv other tnediDl80a8CS cine." Cpo. Abbott, Slot Gty, Iowa. A jj "Paine's Celery Com pound baa been of creat All LlVCr benefit for torpid liver, . indifrasfcon, and bilioosDisorders rr-' JL""""? c LpaIX, Quediee, Vr.

QU HORSES!

ISLA.TD HOBE STOCK FAB3, Gross Isle. Wayne Coanty, Slehbjia. A VAS't 9inft niir.1STt ir.lmtllAn t mn A Trt-M raaaonsVU. u r

Large catalog frith bUTor ( th brt-ed free by miiL Address SAVAGE 4. FA&KUM, Stroit, Hich. FRENCH CCACH HORSES. rautifally formed hlßh-stepptn(t btal lions and Msres. au. perb action, bred unaer ine r.mronaff , 1ernment. For cala locue and htf torr of .vT the breed address SaT...r.r: Detroit, Eich HLRIFF'S iJALK Fy virtue of a certified copy of a decree to roe (!i reeted from tho clerk of tbe superior court of Marlon cointv, Indiana, in cause No. X7.0Ö3, wherein Robert llaiirlon i.s plaintitt and Nicholas tierardy et al. arc deicndantü. requiring me to make tbe sums nf money as provided for in said decree, with lntre5 und c.ts. 1 will expose at public, sale to the highest bidder, on SATIT.DAY. THK C-'ih DAY Or JANCAFY, A. I. Is--?, betweeen the hours of p) o'clock a. m. and 4 o'rloeV p. in. of said d.ty, ft the door of the court-hou of elarion count v, Indiana, the rents and prof u f'-r a term not .i-ccding seren years, of the folowing real estate, t.-s it : The north half of lot number nins (?1 In sqnare r block one ill in lluhhard, Martlndale and McCarty's subdivision of the souibeast addition to tb city of Indianapolis, in Marion county. Indiana. If fciich r-,nts ;ui I profits wiil not sell forasnfficient sum to satisfy paid dicree. interests and Ojfts, I will, st the same time and place, expose ti public sale the fee simple of aid resl estste.or 1 i"iuch thercf as mar le utficient ti diseharee said deere, interotx and costs, sai 1 sale will be msd without any relief from valuation or appraisement law?. I5AAC KING, Sheriff of Marion Countv. January A. P. 1?;. 11. ) .'smith; Kittor A P.itter, Attornevsfor Plaintiff. s HEI.IFPS SALE. rtr virt" r virtie of a certificl copy of a decree to ma d'cd from the Ick ot the rujK-rior Court of rccia iroin 1110 i ic a ot uie miiki Msrion county, Indiana, iu cause No. S-s.9l. wherein MinnisO. nyler, adminitrator of the estate of Villism !siuth. dect ased. is piaintiS' and William F. Collins and Marv A. loilins are defendants, reCUirinf me to make the tum of twelve hundred and tnty-tive dollars and eleven cents (I.SWlU, with interest and costs, I will expose at pub'ie .ale to the highest bidder, on SATl'KDAY, THE y.h DAY OF JANUARY, A I). 1 tietween the hours of in o'clock a. m. end 4 o'clock, r. in. of said d.iy, at tho dor of the court bou-e ol Marion county, Indiana, the rent'! anl profits for f term not csc .-dinj seven years, of the followint real estate, t--wii : oiiitnem ip-a: at the northwest corner of lot num. btvl f'iir (11 in qiare num'ered sj 1 in Pain;' Fullen'. se.viud eastern addition to the ton ol 1 11 uSierl and : t hence s.uth to Voutli street; thene. eat one hundred (t's"'t feet; thence north to tbs north si'ie ( aid square; thence west one hundred lii feet tothe place of brffinning, itnale in Mario Co'inty, Indiana. If such rents and profits will not sell fora Mifliejnl sum to sal isfy said decree, interest and costs, I wili. at the same time and place, expose to puhiie sale th fee Rituple of said real esiate, or so much thereof at mav be siifli. icnt t discharge said decree, interest and cost. s.'aid sale will lie made wjihout any rebel hatever from valuation or appraisement laws, IsAAC KINti, bhertfl Marion Countv. .Tanuary 2, A. l. l:. foc-ilinjr A Gooding, Attorneys for Flaintifl'. QTATEOF INPIANA. MAKION COCNTV. ) In the Superior t'ourt of Marion county, in th State of Indiana. No. PsCt.. Complaint, to reco ft renl e-tiite and to quiet title theret . Adolph sseidenst Icker ss. The Counecticnt Mntna Eire Insurance Company, Anna i. Clarke, Kos Clark her husband, Mary M. Yandes, al. IVe it known that on the 21th day of Ieccmber, 18. the alHive-named plaintiö, bv bis attorneys, bled theotf ceof ihe Clerk of the Superior Court of Marion county, in the täte of Indiana, his complaint ajainst th. above-named defendants, and the said plaintiff havintc also hied in said Clerk's office ths atlidavit of a compeient crMn. Klioiu that saiddelendants, Aud i ti. Clarke. Koss t'Urke her husHaod. and Mary M. Y.tnilcs, severally are not residents 01 the Mate'of Indiana, and whereas said plaintiff hsvinir liy indorsement on Mid complaint required .aid defendants las! above-named to appear in said court amlanswcror demur thereto, on the 'th day of Fchmary. !. Now. therefore, by order of said ecnrt, said defendant, last alove nanml are herebv notified of lbs filing and pendency of !aid complaint ainst tbem. and that nines mry s.ppcar ana ansaer or nemur theret-, at the ci.llinc of haid cause on t he i."th day of 1 cbmary.lss'.itt,e same l-eing the ninrtn-nth iu.iicial Ii v of a t'-rm 01 .nid court, to le Ntrun and neld a the court houe In the City of Indianapolis 00 1h hrst .Monday in February. lS:, said s.mplalnt and the mailers anl Ihinc therein contained snd 1l le-'d, ill be heard an 1 determine,! in th-ir absenea. I hiliV I' Si l I IVtV licrkA. R Youn. Alttruy ttr ri.intitf. SECRETS OF FREE. 7 LJ3 A Frivato Advisor for tboa contmplatintr tnarriairo aud tor ui'-n sutTerina lnm l'tlvntp. Nervous or Chronic Diseases. S 'Dd tic. for pealed copy. Consult the old Doctor confidentially. -s .. ...... 3 L. R. WILLIAMS, M. 0., I.l-C8 Eaa..l,k Pi- CkKa.

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