Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 34, Number 1, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 February 1888 — Page 2

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THÜ INDIANA STATJC SENTINEL', WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 8 '1888.

FEBRUARY FARM TALK

Sees Timalj Eiati to fca N&Hel ti ths E;rn D:cr. Bailo Gcita Eirly Liabi Lissom ia Oits A Word to Firm Sirla. Tki East Liyers Kces-Spnzsj Hjtwi Spriij Oita Food for Iggs. A Choice of a Dairy Farm Ferrheron Horses Farm Records Pallet Kgs for Hatching. Kail These Reminders to the Bar a Door American Agriculturist. Ii the iron wedge will not draw, build a fire of chips and neat itHeap up and tramp down solid) the Bnow around the young fruit trees. Water, green food and meat fowls must have to prosper during the winter. Watch the outlets of the tile drains, that they do not become closed with ice. There is one part of the farm that is not benefited by drainage: the manure heap. Politeness pays in the cow-stable, A gentle man gets mora milt than a harsh man. Straw anicorn-fodJer are be3t worked into manure by putting them through good animals. The best preyentative of trouble at lambing time is 'daily exercise for the ewes daring winter. Tdlce th9 bridles with you wiea you g3 to breakfast, and put them near the stove while you eat. F Separatere weater animals; they need extra feed, whereas with the stronger they get scant feed. Profit In farming conie3 from the maximum crops, the products of winter thought and rammer work. If the chain pump is closed up with lea do not give the'erank. a jerk. Both wheel and chain break more easily when very cold. Evtry farmer may be the architect of his own fortunes and it is poor policy to let the job eut to luck. Harness hung in the'stable is damaged as much by the gases and dampness there as it is worn by use. When green wood is used for fuel part of the heat is absorbed to convert the water in the fuel into vapor. If you do not wish cloddy and lifeless freund in the spring keep the cattle o3 the fields when the soil is soft. Drive your horses a little to one side when you stop with a load on the sled. This mak.ua it easier to start the load. A fire burns better in a hot than in a cold furnace; it is equally true that an animal well wintered la half summered. If open, out-door feed-troughs are turned over at night they will not be filled with snow and ice in the morning. If you place the ax near the stove for fifteen minutes it will cut better and not be so apt to break along the edge. The flavor of the fuel used for smoking meat is somewhat imparted to the meat; hence the fuel should be selected carefully. You hare no right to feed a dog so long as you have not the money to provide your iamily with good papers and books. Buffalo Gnati. During a short visit to the Wabash Valley in Illinois last spring, the writer heard much complaint of injury to stocfc from Buffalo gnats, says the Prairie Farmer. These insects are discussed by Dr. C. V. Kiley at length in the report of the United Stetes Department of Agriculture, from which we take the following paragraphs: For many years past one of the greatest insect foes the stock-raisers of the Lower ilissifsippi Valley have had to contend witn hss been the so-called Southern Buffalo nat. This insect is a small tiy, closely related to the well-known "black tiy" of the North, the famous "Columbacz jrnat," of Hungary, and the other less known but as noxiocs species of the gncs Sinculium, found abundantly in Lapland, Brazil and Australia. These Hies swarm at certain Bfasons in iaom?n9e numbers, and by their bite, multiplied a thonsaad fold, cau?e destruction ainng males, horses, cattlp, hegs, sheep and poultry. The popular name, Buffalo gnat, has not ben chosen because these gnat9 ever attacked the animal of the name, but becanseo a fancied resemblance to the share of the same. Looking &t the insect from the side, it reveals a very large, hump-backed thorax, with the head furnished with two short antenr.T, like miniature horns in the act of butting an enemy. The name "Turkey gnat," however, has been given to one 01 tne species concerned, because it ap pears at a time when turkeys are and suffer eo much by them, gnat" ia a name similarly used setting 'Goose fjr the came insect. Smudges have thus far proved the best method of protecting animals in the field against bufialo gnats. Thouzhtful planters are in the habit of 'collecting and storing during the year all kinds of material that will produce a dense and stifling smoke; such materials are old leather, cast-off clothing, dried dung, etc. Aa soon as large swarms of gnats appear, and the stock is threatened by them, fires are started In different parts of the plantation, and are kept burning as long as the danger lasts. Anything that will produce smoke is thrown upon the smouldering logs, and the most offensive is considered the most useful. If the time for plowing has arrived, smudges are located in the field In such a manner that the smoke is drifted by the wind over the teams at work. Such smoke-producing fires are also kept burning in the cities, and they are lound in front of every livery and atrjet car rfnble, as well as of such stores as em ploy drafi horses or mules. If these animals have to be upon the roads, they may be somewhat protected by tin pails in which some smudge is kept, which are suspended .'rem their necks and from the wagon?. Animals may also be protected with a layer cf ecu J or coat of sirup. It has been found that animals which have shed their 0Ufeh winter coat of hair, and have becoi smooth, are not as much troubled aa otters till covered with lonjr hair. The gnat? find it rauch more difficult to obtain a foe! locld upon a smooth skin; clipping of th hair in early spring Is, therefore, adTlsaVe. Bn (Taio gnats have a great aversion to entt tog dark places, and stables thorough ly darkened are safe places for stock of 9 i kinds in a gnat season. The odor of ammonia prevailing in such stables may also, to zonae extent, prevent the insects from entering. Planters with a smalt acr;e, therefore, prefer to keep their tor - and mules in the stable instead of wor cg them in the field. For the same ret' .1 the owners of livery staoies win not al their animals to be taken outside the Mmita if gnats are numerous enough h dangerous. Ci: to J . perlene shows that the best preventtv t grease of various kiads. The followint xinda are the most important: Cotton ae oil alone, or mixed with tar: flab. oil. gnt oil; a combination of stinking oils alo", or mixd with tar or kerotena oil; crude coal oil, kerosene or mixed with xla-greaaa and others, To bt sStcUvti

the grease mast be used at least twice a day, because as Boon aa this offansive odor disappears it becomes Inoperative. All euch applications are of bo advantage, however, on stock running at large. Gnat oil ia very extensively used, but it Is like the rest of the remedies very apt to remove the hair. In fact, all these different kinds of oil and grease are mors or less injurous to the animal, because a continued coating with them weakens the system.

The employes of the Hudson's Bay Com pany protect themselves and their stock spainst the "black fly" by the U36 of oil of tar, and, aa long experience has shown it to be a simple and easily applied wash, we etrocgly recommend its use. A quantity of coal tar is placed at the bottom of a large shallow receptacle of some sort, and a small quantity of oil of tar, or oil of tur pentine, or any similar material, is stirred in. The receptacle is then filled with water, which la left standing for several dajs until well pregnated with the odor. The animals to be protected are then washed witn this water as often as ssems necessary. As long as stock In the infested region is suffered to run at large, and is neither provided with shelter nor food daring the winter months, will suffer severely from the gnats. Animals well cared for can stand the attacks of the goats far better. and do not perish as readily. Ill-treated and unhealthy mules and those bruised and cut are the first to die, and the prevailing opinion of intelligent planters is to the effect that well cared for mules, if greased twice a day when in the laid, seldom die even when attacked. Eatly Lamb. Many lambs will be born this month. The difference between an early lamb that reaches the market in time to bring the highest prices and one that i later, is such as to make one profitable with the other of but little value. The matter of riisiag early lambs for market receives but vry little attention on many farms, the far ner taking no pains to spuple the sheep in the fall, but using rams indiscriminately. hverythwe depends oi the ranid srrowth of the lamb, and coming into the world eraly In the season will be of little advantage unless the lamb be from good stock and forced in growth from the first days of its existence. The common flocks of ewes can be made to produce first-class lambs if they can be mated with Shropshire, Oxford or Southdown rams. The first two breeds are very large in size, but th9 latter is claimed to produce the superior carcass, atd is probably the best for crossing with common ewes. Lambs soon learn to eat, end having done so, one-half the difficulty is over, for with the aid of the milk from the dams, they grow rapidly. The difficulty in feeding lambs all they can eat is that the sheep will deprive them of it, but this can be avoided by constructing a pen waich will permit the lambs to enter tnrough a small opening (usually at the bottoml, which must not be large enough for the Eheep. The ewes and lambs should be confined in a small field, or plot, so that they will not stray oil from the feeding place. Small hoppers, filled with ground oats at first, and afterward with whole oats, ?r that the lambs can have free access to them at all times, will cause them, if well b-ed, to gain at the rate of half a pound in weight daily. Nor ia this a heavy gain, aa full-bred Oxfords have been known to weigh nearly 100 pounds when three months old, though such a weight is nnmnal. The early lambs will bring from i3 to $7 each, according to the demand, w bich is more than the price brought by a rtatured sheep later in the season. The U mb that is late in birth, and which is not properly forced in growth, thougn only a few weeks younger than the early one, must be kept longer and sold at a lower price, and that is where the advantage of liberally feeding the lambs (as well as their dams, in order to promote yield of milk) lies. But the breed is also very important Common lambs, even if dropped as early as January, will not increase as rapidly as good grades, and it will pay the farmer to use a i am of a mutton breed In his flock, as its cost will be more than repaid in a single season. Philadelphia Record. Lessons In Oats. Our last year's experience with the oat crop has tanght ns a very important lesson. The sooner the grain is Bown after theground i3 in order for work in the spring, the greater will be the chance for success. Tbose of my neighbors who got their Beed sown iDe earnest saved their crop in good cudition, wi.IU tüüFe sown a week later wer almost tn entire los on account of fr.qient td.ii s at tUe time of harvesting. My p an ia to plou,;h the ground In the tll As sjoii a3 tie frost ia out in tha sprirp and he grou- d is sufficiently dry to work, run over the held with a good cultivator, bow the sefd broadcast and harrow ir in, bat don't roll unless the soil is sandv. I fir-dalso that two bushels of eeed to the acre of white Pobjteier oats, give as many bushels of crop as three will, while the crop from two bushels of seeding will weigh from two to five pounds more par bushel, bo that any more than two bushels of seed per acre is a dead loss, and if the land is in good condition I would be inclined to seed lighter, as that variety fools or branches out well. Rural New Yorker. A Word to Farm Girls. Perhaps you are tired of advice, which ia generally very cheap : but I will elve you a tiny leaf fiom my experience and let you draw your own "conclusions. When my mother died, leaving me at the age of fifteen to care for my father's house, and a yennger brother and sister, I could do almost anything better than keep house, which I could not do at all.. I could harness a team of half-broken colts, and could rice or drive them. I could milk and feed cat 'le and do everything that a woman (I was then five feet six inches, and had attain ed my full growth) could do on a farm, and I hid taught a district school for the patt nine months; but l had never made a pie, or what is more important a loaf of brend. So I bungled along with help or without. II I bad the former, I was Imposed n con, es, seeing my incompetence, the servants telt a perfect rieht to do. I wasted mati rials, laid the foundation for dvsnen f sia in the various members of the family. and I veiily believe drove my father Into a econd marriage that proyed armost unhap py o for all parties concerned. The first yea J. of my own married life were a re pet I tion rr the miserable failure of these days, untii I fell into the hands of such "Good Samaritans" as Miss Corson and Marion atonirg for my lack of early training in the matUr of looking well to the ways of my bousf bold, xsow 1 do sot want to preach, but it is to tha young girls that we must look for the cooks of the future, which is equivilent to saying for the health of the next generation, The Bit Layer. I hfcve been breeding fine fowls for years and find none so good as the brown leghorn for eggs, except in severe cold weather when their combs are frozen, but with the exception of two months in the year they lay most all the time. At times may fc'.op laying for a few days and then commence laying regularly every day for quite awhile again. Might be called almost constant layers. For those who do not care to raise the pure breed, a male crossed on a common 'flock of hens improve their laying qualities and tbe next year you have a yard of splendid layers, with fresh eggs for breakfast the year round. Tha leghorns will lay the year round if kept in a warm house and their combs do sot tieera during the two coldest months. The Plymouth rocks are also splendid layers, even in severe cold weather; but not aa constant layers as the browa leghorn. They are very hardy and easily raised. Bom sew breeds have been boomed to tha skies, but sona can take their place, Eggi as an profit when everything als ca acarca ; Jwaya ferisxinc a good prlca ia market,

and it la from improved stock we get the iot eggs. The partridge cochins, light brahmas and wyandottes are all good winter layers; even the coldest days I have gathered fresh eggs from these varieties The first two mentioned are inclined to waxt to set too much to be called good layers at all times, but are splendid winter la; era. To the one who is entering the poultry business I would say: Get a good breed and go to work in the right manner, as you would start in earnest at any other business, and you will be apt to succeed. To have plenty of eggs in winter with any fowls depends greatly on the kind of food tfcey get in cold winter weather, when everything is frozen up. They do not get their supply of green food nor worms, and seme time s go without the supply of fresh water, and at times are half starvsd ia order to get through the winter without trouble or expense. Then how could you expect fresh eggs? They should be fed what they like and what will produce eg?s. All the scraps from the cock room, vegetables, such as onions, cabbage, etc., red pepper and a little salt mixed with their feed twice a week is a great stimulant; all the scraps of meat you have to spare is splendid for them. It does not take much food, but the right kind of food, to keep hens laying, for you do not want hens too fat to lay welL Buckwheat ia excellent, oats are good, so is wheat; corn fattens well, and is, therefore, not so good for eggs. Have plenty of gravel, ashes and lime where your hens car. cet it, and plenty of fresh water. The secret of having a full supply of eges, Is to discard the old breeds and select a good bred and supply them comfortable quarters in winter, and in the absence of an abundant Bupply of insects give the hens occasionally a meal ot animal food, any Mini of meat and plenty of vegetables or green food, as these are indispensable to a supply of rich eg?s in winter. Gettheriaht breed and there

will be no difficulty; get a poor breed and more care will have to be taken. My p!5 mouth rocks, brown leghorns, partridge cochins, light brahamas and wyandottes are an wide awake and lively, and keep rr,y ppg basket always full. Mrs. Kate Griffith In St. Louis Journal of Agriculture. Hnee-SprunzSlTors?, It is a slow and troublesome task to cure knee-sprung horse after the trouble has become chronic, but, if taken in time, says an exenanje, it should b9 cured without much difficulty. Many young horses go "over in the knees" to a small extent by standing on a floor that slopes downward from the manger for the purpose of readily carrying on the urine. A vounz horse 8tar dingon a floor of this kind has his toes higher than his heels, and the connuea strain on the back smews of the fore legs becomes so severe that the horse is induced to slightly bend bend bis knees in order ro slacken the tension. He thus acquires tbe habit of standing with slight ly benaed knees, whether he happens to be standing on an incline or a level. The way to overcome this evil is to precisely reverse the conditions which induced it. Make the horse stand so that his heels will stand considerably higher than his toes. This abnormally slackens the back sinews, and they afiord no support to keen the knees from still further bendine. The horse has nothing to steady his knees, and In order to find something that will answer tbe purpose he will straighten ont his legs to the fullest possible extent to force some little pressure upon those very sinews which his elevated beels and slightly ban ded knees have wholly slackened. He thus acquires the habit of standing with his knees slightly bent under reversed condi tions. If any farmer doubts the correct ness of this theory, let him ataad on the level iloor with the balls of his feet resting upon an ordinary walking stick, and, after experimenting with it in this position for five minutes, let him place the stick under bis beels. In the first instance, be will quickly feel inclined to bend his knees, and, in the second, he will be equally disposed to straighten them. If the sprung knees do cot yield readily to the treatment thus described, we would recommend lonz continued showering with cold water. ratient hand-rubbing of the back s:new3. and pplicatiods ot land-turtle oil. Spring Oats. Atlanta Cultivator. The acreage sown in fall oats is much less than usual The freezing out of a large portion oi the crop of 18SU by the hard freezes in January, 137, had a most dis couraging effect, which was augmented by tee unfavorable dry weather which pre vailed in some parts of the country during the sowing season. The oat crop, however, is too valuable, and in the long run too reliable to be elven np. Spring sowing costs little more than the seed, even if the crop fails from drought; and a good breadth eight or tn acres at least to each plough run should be put in. In our judgment founded upon experience and observation cats sown in J-ebrnary are much lees liable to injury by freezing than if sown in Januarv. Sowing in the "old twelve days" Bmacks more of superstition and sentiment than sound reason. Our harden weather Is usually fron December 25 to I ebruary 1, and it is not often that oats sown in February are killed by freezleg. xne son tor spring oats, if not already fertile, should be well manursd and deeply and closely ploughed the latter to guard against drought aa much as possible. If the land be cross-ploughed so aa to leave the furrows partly open, the seed may be sown broadcast and harrowed in with good results. Cottonseed, or the meal alone, or in compost with acid phosphate and potash, makes an excellent fertilizer for oats. The crop requires rather more ammonia and potash than the percentage usually found in commercial ammoniated phosphates. Undoubtedly the Burt oat is the safest for spring sowing, as it will mature in 100 to 120 days when sown in February or March, according to latitude. Sow plenty of seed ; the later the sowing, the heavier should be the seeding. Allow for yield of twenty fold, is a pretty safe general rule, unless the expected yield, or capacity of the land is small, in which case the seeding should be somewhat heavier than this rule would indicate, and vice versa. Choice of a Dairy Farm. American Agriculturist. Some of the best fancy dairies are found near the large cities, upon light and inferior soils which are unfit for pastures and permanent meadows, but which are made to produce heavy crops of roots, fodder corn, clover, orchard grass, millet. mixed peas and oata. and other kinds of fodder; and which, by the aid of the prac tice of ensilage, are made to support, in many cases, one cow or more to each acre the year rourjd. In some localities Man ure from the cities and special fertilizers are procured to aid In keeping these light lands in the highest state of fertility; so that, on the whole, It may be said that, in choosing a dairy farm, the experienced (Jaimcan is not bound by anycircuuv stances, but may safely take the best locality for his purpose, a favorable loca tion being of the greatest concern to him. In general, however, the dairyman would safely choose a moderately level farm, well watered, having a somewhat firm elay ln.m etll l.jnnMinn-( han with AVCaAAA S7SAA IJtUg AAA a W f-' kN wu-MfWf a convenient spot near the center of it for his buildings, and as near to a raiiroaa depot aa possible. If there is a permanent cool spring upon it. it would be a great ad vantage, and if the spring is located near the dwelling, and a convenient place for the n.nk-house, it would be still better. Keep Farm Records. American Agriculturist Every farmer ia to a great extent a man ufacturer, and ought to keep a record of his oj erations. This is the keyto aacceea In an v business. But tha soil-tiller should attend to some other matters in connection with his accounts. A map of h!i farm, with each field numbered, and Its size, quality of aoil. eto., apocUltd, will bf

a great aid In keeping track of the year's trantactions. How many farmers have such a guide and convenience? And how many kept such memoranda in 13S7 as will nable them to tell the expense of each crop grown? And how about the domestic animals? If you keep cows, what have they paid you per head in the aggregate? And what of tbe sheep, swine, and even the ckickens? How much did each contribute to your Income, and which was the most profitable? Those who can answer these pertinent questions must be well advised in regard to their financial position, and need no admonition ; but we fear many are utterly nnable to give any detailed ec oount of their farming operations, or whether the balance is on the right or wrorjg side of the ledger. It is needless to say that such management would soon wreck almost any commercial enterprise, and hence the frequent complaint that "farming don't pay" is not surprising. What we write is intended to be suggestive rather than admonitory. Keep an accurate account of your doinps, and you will not only be wiser, but ere long richer in consequence. In fact, resolve that you will know how you stand at the close of 1S33, whoever may meantime have been elected President of the Republic or Governor of your Commonwealth. Best Size ot Fcrcheroa Ilorses. American Agriculturist. The French government authorities have thoroughly investigated this subject, and report adversely to the increase of size and weight In the Percheron horse, saying that it is carrying the thing to an unfortunate extreme; for what is gained in size is lost in activity, speed pluck and endurance. It is to be hoped our importers will pay attention to this decision, and go back hereafter to the old style of medium size, etc. For larger and slower-moving horses, it is better to cross the borders of Franca into Flanders for them, or continue the importation of the English Shire and Scotch CljdesdaTe. These last are more suitable for the city dray, and medium sized Percherons for farm and road work. The latter requires quicker movement ia tha walk and trot, and these gaits should not be neglected In breeding, as much mors work is got from them during the day, while the horse thus bred is less fatigued from it than those of slower action. They are hardy, docile, small consumers of food for their size, not liable to disease, and quite enduring in fact, perhaps the very test sort of horses for the farm, and also for such road work as teaming and ordinary driving, when an extra fast movement is

rot required, as is the case In the American tiotter. Euglith Plilre Ilorses In America, American Agriculturist. A valuable addition has been made to the gpteral stock of heavy draft horses in tbe I mted btates by the Importation of En glish SMre horses. In common with other breeds of English draft horses they are believed to have descended from the heavy Flemish race. In the middle ages, when the knights and their horses went into battle, clad in heavy steel armor, these ponderous horses were largely used for military purposes. When defensive armor was laid aside, in consequence of the gen eral uee of firearms, the heavy horses were relegated to the pursuits of peaceful Industry. They had become widely scattered through tbe .British islands and the continent. In England several quite distinct breeds have sprung from the original stock. The Shires have their home in Yorkshire and other eastern counties. whence their name. The original color was plack, out as they were crossed with Clydesdale and other draft breeds, various colors became common, and great Improvement resulted. The Shire horse of the present day combines the best qualities of its own and otberjbreeds of beavy.draft horses, white the fiat fine bone seen In some of the bests specimens even suggests an occasional dash cf thoroughbred blood. Having attained Its purpose, this system of cross ing has now ceased, a stud-book is maintained, and the Shires are bred strictly pure. Recipes for the Sick Itooni. Fillet of Chicken Reduce a auart of chicken broth to less than half that quantity by slow simmering; strain Into a plain moid, ana let it stand while you broil a neat fillet from tbe breast of a tender chicken. Season this with salt and pepper and put it into the mold of reduced broth, which must be set on ice until It hardens. Turn out era a small oval dish, and decorate with parsley. Babbit Soup Cut the rabbit into pieces and soak in warm water for ten minutes, to draw out the blood. Pat the pieces into a saucepan with a quart of white broth, or, if you have not this, milk and water. Season with salt and add a few sprigs of pars ley. Let this eimmer (lowly until the meat is very tender. Strain, pick all the meat from the bones, and chop it as fine as possible. Return it to the soup and set over tbe fire, adding a cup of hot cream and two tablespooufuls of sifted bread crumbs. A nice change is made by adding either rice, pearl barley, or vermicelli, which must be cooked separately ia boiling water or milk, and added to the soup just before serving. Small slices of lightly buttered and well-browned toast should accompany it. This is palatable as well as nourishing. Watering Ilorsea. American Agriculturist. The water given a horse should be pure. Do cot have the well in the barnyard, for the wash will soak into it and pollute the water. If a running brook of clean water be convenient, lead the horse to drink from it. A good cistern can be made of a large hogshead sunk half way into the ground, and the water from the barn roofs led into it will be preferable for the horse than very cold well-water. A horse needs at least two pails of water a day, and if given half a pailful before meals, or four times a day, it will be sufficient, unless when hard at work in sultry weather. Do not give warm water at any time of the year, but the chill may be taken off in winter, so that it will not be icy. Do not water or feed directly after coming in very warm, and do not work hard immediately after eating heartily. Tbe Best Food For Eggs. Grind together a mixture composed in tbe proportion of thirty pounds of corn to fifteen pounds of oats, ten pounds of barley and fifteen pounds of wheat, bran or shorts. Scald this thoroughly at night, and feed it in the morning as soft feed. At noon give steamed clover rowen (second growth clover) and raw vegetables three times a week and to the soft food 12 per cent, of its bulk In the shape of ground beef scrape or fib. In the afternoon feed corn and oats, or corn and wheat, or corn and barley. Have plenty of sea shell, pounded ovster shells, lime, gravel, etc., at hand. This method of feeding secures for me more eggs than any other system, and when it is faithfully followed up expensive and stimulating egg food will not be required. Live Stuck Motes. Fiftv veara ago the average weight of beef cattle waa 8u0 pounds; now it is 1,100 pounds. Prof. Arnold, a well known authority, has clearly proved the wastefulness of riving cornmeal to cattle without carefully mixing it with more bulky food. Y A I f . W - .am VtAaf bren, Indian corn, buckwheat, shorts and mldciirzs and oil meals are all suitable 'eed for fastening sheep, eaya the national Live Steck Journal. Prentice, the champion shorthorn at tha recent Thicago fat stock show, was a grand son of Duke of Connaught, which sold for 122 500 the highest price ever paid lor a bull of any breed. Look out for lice; while the are not aa hard on bogs as tbey are on chicken, they are very unaixhtly, and cause (ho poor crea

tures a great deal of discomfort when they have to keep np an incessant scratching. The "cull" sweet potatoes may be used for feeding the pigs, but they raplly promote the formation of fat. The proper mode of feeding them is to boil them, mix with ground grain, and feed on alternate days aa a change. A day's ration for a sheep in winter has been calculated at two pounds of hay, one pound of straw and one pound of bran, but as large sheep eat more than smaller ones, something must be allowed for size and peculiarities of breeds. Fever in the history of breeding and feeding domesticated stock of every description, says the Rural World, has there been manifested so perceptible and so marked an anxiety to know how to feed judiciously and effectively as at the present time. Formerly Dr. Sturtevant had considered breed aa inferior to feed, but afier six years' work in the experiment station he has made up his mind that the breed is the more important. He also says that in those six years he had never been able to change the quality of butter by changing the food. The best business in which the farmer can engage ae a general industry in a country adapted to grass, says the Boston Cultivator, is to keep every cow and a good one every time that he can keep well, and persist in the industry, and will be as sure of success as in any other branch of agriculture. Since the color is pleasant to the eye, liof. Alvord saw no osj-cnon to adding m )c ring matter directly in ths butter. In a Bwer to a qu-'-fion as to what breeds give the res m lfe for infants' fooc, he said that phvBiti-tns recommenced tbe milk of Ayrshires and tbe var ous Dutch bre'ds, since ..was i;ot too rich ia fats.

Pu'let'e Itc for Uatch!n. T.sgs from hpr.s c years o'd, mat'd with a cockerel abnu one year eld, usually hatch bettpr than tho from pullets, and p oiince stronger chl-B, but as the hens are liable to become fai more readily than pullets, it often happens that egg; from fully matured pulUuj hatch best. Pullets should be mated with a cock at lea3t eightteen months old, and they should be well developed and fully grown. The first eg?s from pullets are Eometimes very small, and in using esgs for hatching select none but tbose of average size and that are of even shape. When pullets begin to lay at five months old the eges may hatch well, but it is bet not to nee eggs from them until they are older. TIMBERLAKE'S GAME OF FARO. He Lost 8 12,000 and had Fun Eaourh fur One Jamboree, Philadelphia Times. Tbe centre of all stirring events in Nevada is Virginia City. During the war money was abundant, and the lucky miners sometimes carried fortunes on their persons as carelessly as they wore a brace of six shooters. There was no lurking or concealment about tbe big games of faro and roulette which occupied mu'h of the spare time of cowboys and statesmen and the business man or ranch owner, who could "go call bis cattle home" from a thousand hills. Poker was entirely too slow a game for the Nevada City boys, albeit there was generally a quiet game going on at the two leading gaming houses in tbe city, at which such men as William Nye, the famous New York politician, first Governor and then United States Senator from Nevada, with his Attorney-General and the other leading political minds, were ever ready to make an all-night poker game, which generally began with a $3 "limit" and ended when every msn was broke save tha man with a "bobtail flush" who raked in the pot toward morning: and eometimes the game lasted two days and two nights in succession, and the "blear-eyed gambler homeward bent his steps" only when he went broke. The most famous gambling house in Nevada was operated by Gentry & Crittenden. Gentry was a long, lean Texan, a relative of Meredith P. Gentry, the well-remembered Whig orator and statesman of Tennessee, the companion and friend of Jimmy Jenes, once Governor of Tennessee, and a long time member of Congress. The house of Gentry & Crittenden took the place of a great hotel in Virginia City. The capital of the gamblers was $2OJ,000. and the came knew no limit A frame house, inside a splendid gambling palace, was rough in exterior, was only of one story and four rooms. One was a sleep'ng roo m and next to that was the poker room for State officials and their elite friends, for the presence of leading men gave diiity and a semi-oCicial character to this, the best and bizpest gaming housD of tbe far West. The front room, opening boldly f-om the main street of Virginia City, was a bar room, with rough splendor of Brasseis carpets, solid silver goblets, and rarest cut glas decanters and pintings. The next room contained two faro tables and two roulet'ewheels, and at G p. m. the poker room Bunered a transiormauon into a dining room, where cards of admission were neediest-. A better did not ask if there was a limit to the game. Its backers counted their millions as Eastern gamesters count their thousands. In October, 1SG3, a burly ranch man, named Timberlake, worth a million, came up from New Mexico, having heard of the fame of Gentry it Crittenden's faro palace, for It was known from British Co lumbia to the golden slope 01 tne racinc. Joe Timberlake was known as a minion a're. in gocd standing with the Sin; Fran cisco tanks and hankers. ximDsriaKes telegram was good with Mackay, Flood and O'Brien for $500,000. The old ranchman, with his corouroy trousers tucked in his boots, was a welcome guest. He chatted an hour with Gov. Nye at the table d' hote dinner, and after get ting two bottles of Pommerey bee inside ot him tbe old man sauntered into the faro room. . "Give me a stack of thousand-dollar fish," said Timberlake. "Certainly, all you want," replied the ftuave Crittenden, a nephew of the once Kentucky United btates benator 01 mat name. One thousand went on the jack. It went where the woodbine twineth. Timberlake lost $10,000 without winning a bet. He swore like our army in Flanders, and got outside of another bottle. Luck chtng-d, and at 1 a. m. tbe old cattleman, was $50,C00 ahead of the game. Flushed with victory, Timberlake ordered wlca for the houBe. But the Genlui of Faro is as false as fickle to the worshipers at her gilded shrine. The old man made a call with a $1,0C0 bill and picked up $5.000, But luck failed him from that moment. Not another gamester staked a dollar, auch was the absorbing interest in the grea; game. At break of day the burly ranchman, without handing in a dollar, playing a well-8tabli3het credit, was out just $41,000. He was cross as a bear with a sore head, but tried to smile. "One thousand on the ace," the cattle raiser whispered nervously. It lost. Old Timberlake rose up and with out cbanglpg a muscle, superb and magni ficent m defeat, he said siowiy, as 11 eacn word weighed a pound: "Crittenden , reckon I've had enough fun for one j am boree," and, after ordering a basket of wine for the house, sober as a Judge 01 mesa preme Court and without tasting his own wine, he seated him&elf at Gentry's ebony desk, and, cool as a cucumber, drew a check on Mackav's bank for in ouo. The game closed, and Timberlake betook himself to his New Mexico ranch in the first train. 8uch games, even in Virginia City, bave fallen into innocuous desuetude, and a Nevada gambler's limit is now $100. Death of Hoses McClain. Gbiexwooo, February 2. Special,! Mr. MoBea McClain. an olo, respected citi zen, died this morning a. 5 o'clock, at bis home soma five miles s a f beast of here, aged eiehtv two years. Funeral Bunday, at the Glade Church. Mr. McClain was a stanch Dtmocnt ot (hi Gtnerfld. Jactooa schooL.

SHE GOT J3ADLY LEFT. A Providence Girl Wants Monoy and A Hnaband, But Did Mot Get Roth. Puovidxxce. R, I., January 31. Pretty Melissa, the daughter of a hotelkeeper named Burcbard, in a neighboring suburb, figured in a sensation yesterday in the Supreme Court She had made an application for tbe annulment of a divorce obtained by General Mustapha. a Turk living here. An interesting story lies back of. it all. Mustapha, a properly credentialed officer in the Turkish army, came here four or five years ago in company with other Turkish army officers. Tney were all emisaries of. the Sultan, and their duty was to inspect the shipment of arms for the Sultan's army from the Pabody Ride Works. Tney were all eood looking fellows, and with their gaudy oriental costumes caught tbe eyes of Providence maidens. Several of them married Providence girls, and are now living here as American citizens. General Mustaoha courted Melissa and married her. They livel happily enough for six months or so, and then separated. Melissa went bask to her fathei'a home. Here ehe lived a year or two, and in the meantime made the acquaintance of a good-looking herdic driv-sr pamed William CarrolL After awhile ehe went with him to Bjston. Mustapha, it is believed, had since their separation been supplying Melissa with money. Getting tired of this a year ago. he applied for a divorce and got It, It is said that Mustapha egain and again tried to get Melissa to return to him, but in vain. Pght days Altlissawaa married to Carroll, and ti i honeymoon was passed at the Hnul eid Houe. The couple were daily bout the streets Sines h;8 divorce from Melisoa, General Mustapha his prospered, and to-day is worth a snug litt Is fortune. Melissa having learned of this during her stay here, u o to recover the lost good will of the Gf ceral, an?, it is said, oflered to agaia live with h m. Very shrewdly she kept the tnovf dge of her marriage to Carroll a secre. e ef girg Lawyer West, she applied inncri:tly enough for the annullment of the clvorce from Mustapha. The bearing was cn the docket tor yesterday. Melissa appeared in court and Lawyer West was abort to open proceedings in behalf of his fair client when a conversation of parties near by, heard by chance, convince! him that Melissa was now Mrs. Carroll. Her husband waj in court.and a moment before bad been congratulated on his marriage in the hearing of West. "You certainly can't have two husbands," said he, addressing Mrs. Carroll. "And you had better go home." Melissa did go home, a wiser and a Bidder woman. Mustapha, on the other band, is payicg court to another girl jn Providence. THE TOBACCO CROP. Statements About Kxcitert Diund Ueuld by a Louisville Merchant. Chattanooga, Tenn., February C Heavy buyers of tobacbo report great excitement in Kentucky. Every available foot of land is being engaged' and pecple are paying as high as $M per acre rent for good fields. A representative of a New York tobacco firm says: "Spain has recently bought 4,000 hogsheads of lugs in New York, which leaves her 1,000 short of l8st year's requirements, with about is 000 hogsheads for tbe wants of 1SSS. The New York warehouses are about empty, end the purchases made at Clarksville this week were for immediate shipments." Louisville operators are making every effort to get all tbe dark low grades in a few hands and are credited with the purchase within a week of nearly all the stock in Paducah, Hopkinsville and Nashville. Lovisvillf, February 3. A gentleman who is an undisputed authority upon tbe tobacco market here, was shown tbe dispatch from Cbatanooga today concerning the trade in Kentucky, Tennessee and in other States. He characterized it aa absurd in most respects, and said : "There is no excitement at all among tbe farmers, and no well-informed person would say eo. It is'well to bear in miad, alto, that the tobacco .boom of 1371' attained considerable proportion?, far greater than the present, but that tha crop of 1375 fell 05,000 hogsheads below the year previous, and was 60,000 hogsbeadd below an average crop. "The paragraph In reference to the Spanish purchase is all right, but has ben repeatedly published. The story that

warehouses aro empty is, however, an abeolute lie. The warehouses there are glutted with their stocks, which are much larger than unsual. "As to the activity 01 Louisville opera tors, that ia all bosh. Tney are taking things very quietly, &nd are amply supplied with stocks. The market his been draepipff for the past tn days, but prices are weeker only in good burley Talles." Eiade Totally Blind. Seymour, February 3 Social. Mr?. Gardiner, wife of Mr. Jimts L. C-ardiner, president of the First National Eank was visitlrg her son, William I. and fa uity last eveniDg, and, at 7 o'clock started to her borne adjoining, wben sbe ran agaiast a limb of a cherry tree, striking her across the right eye, and entirely destroying the sight. Sbe had lost the sight of her le't eye rome time ago, and is now totally bliad. Sue is a devoted Christian lady and one of Seymour's most effective temperance workers, and charitable with all. She is about seventy years of age, and sntTdring greatly. A Sudden Death. Gkeesfield, February 3. John Steele, a pionet-er farmer residing in Back Creek townebip, thia county, aged about f eventyfour, retired last evenipg. enjiying the best of health. Two hours later his wife was horrified to find him cold ia death. Heart disease is supposed to have been the cause of his sudden death. If you -want the best garden you have ever had, you viust sow MAULE'S Seeds. There 13 no question lut that Maule's Garden Seeds are unsur passed. Their present popularity in almost every county in the United States shows it, lor I now have customers at more than 22,500 post-offices. When once sown, others are not wanted at any price. Over onfvjrr.rtcr of a million copies of my new Catalogue for 1883 hava been luailcd already. Every one pronounces it the most original and readable Sad Qitaloane ar mdAkhd. It contains among other things cash prizes for premium vegetables, etc., to the amount of $2500, and also beautiful illustrations of over 500 vegetables and flowers 10 being in colors). These are only two of many striking features. You should not think of Purclm-sino-fiiiv Seeds this Spring ry 1 . before sending: for it. It 13 mailed freo to all enclosing stamp for return postage. Address WM. HENRY MAULE,

R R. R

RADWAY'B READY RELIEF Tbe Cheapest and Best Kedldne for FamUr Cm la the World. Sore Throat, Colds, Coughs, Inflammation, Sciatica, Lumbago, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Headache, Toothache, Nervousness, Diptheria, Influenza, Difficult Breathing, CURED AND PREVENT!) BT BIDWATS READY BELIEF. In cum ot Lumbago and RhencaUsnt, Bad wty'a Ready Kellet nerer fall. Btrong Testimony of KnügranS Gommla ioner, th klon. Ocorg Starr, M to tbe Power of Kad way's Ka ly Belief In a Cas of Sei atle Kheamtlam. No. 3 Van Ness Plack, Ntw To. I)k. Baswat: With me your Belief has wjrk 4 venders For tbe last three years I narafcad frequent and severe attacks of acltica, Rometimes ei tending from the lumbar regions to my ankle, snd at times In both lower limbs Dtiricg the time I hare been afflicted I hara trlerl almost a'l the remedies recommen !d by wise men and fools, hoping to find relief, but all i-roved to be failures. I have tried various kinds ot baths, m tabulation, outward application of liniment too numerous to mention, and prescriptions of tn most eminent-physicians, all of which lailed to give me rollet. La t September, at tbe nreant reices' of a rieno (who Had been amicted a rryseii). t ndu ed to try your remedy. I was tnen inertn feartuliy with one of my old turns. To ny mrprise and delight the first application Kav me ease, aner battling and rubbing tne pari affected, leavtie the limb In a warm riow, created by the React, in a sbort t?me the rain passed entirely away. Although I have slight periodical attacks approaching a change of weather. I know now now to cure mywii. and feel onite master of the situation. EA.Ü WAY'S READY RELIEF is ny friend. I never trayal without a bottle In my valise. Yours truly, GEO. STARR. The Following was Received by Mall Throncb. W. H. Blyth, DrnsgUt, Mount Pleasant. Texas. Mr. W. H. Blyth sir: in compliance with your request to fumigh von with the result of my knowledge and experience with Dr. Radway's R. R.. in reply 1 tan state that 1 have been UFlng the Kai way Remedies since 1352. I know the Ready Reüei to be a speeiüo for fins and all bowel complaint. It is more reliable for colds, pleurisy, pneumonia and diseases growing out of colds, for cuts, bruises, sprains, rheumatism and aches, and pains Generally, than any remedy I have ever known tried. From my personal knowledge of the Eadwsy Remedies I tnink them all superior to any remedies of which I have any knowledge, tor all the il!s for which they are recommended. Respectfully, T. H. 6KIDM02B. 1' us tor Green Hill Presbyterian tThuroX"3 RADWAY'S READY RELIEF WILL AFFORD INSTAXT EA85. Inflammation ol the kidneys. Inflammation of bladder. Inflammation of the bowels, congestion of the lungs, sore throat, difficult breathing, palpitation of the heart, hysterica, croup, diphtheria, catarrh, influenza, headache, toothache, neuralgia, rheumatism, cold chills, chilblains, Irost-bites, nervoabnass, sleep lef'sness. Tbe application of the RXADYREI1EF to tha part or parts where the dlSiculty or pain exists will afford ease and comfort. Thirty to sixty drops in half a tumbler o! water will In a few minutes cure cramps, sour stomach hert-burn,"hedache. diarrhoea, dysentery, colic wind In the bowels and lateraal pairs. MALARIA: Chills and Fever, Fevsr tai Aguo Conquered. Radwav's Ready Relief' Not only euros the patient seisel with this terrible foe to settlers in new districts, but If people exposed to it will, every morning on getting out of bed, take twenty or tnlrty drops of tb Ready Relief ia a glass of water, and drink it, and eat say a cracker, they will escape attacks. This must be done before goin? out r EYr.it and aul t. curea lor &u cents, xnera is not a remedial agent la the world thatwlU cure fever and aue and all other malarious. bilious and other fevers (aided by RADWAY'i FILLS) so quickly as Kad way's K- ady Koil&I, 3 Fifty Cents fer Bottle. SOLD BY DRUGGISTS. DR. RADWAY'Q SARSAPARILLIAN RESOLVENT. The Great Blood PuriSer, For the Cure of all Chronic Diseases. Chronic rheumatism, scrofula, svphlletia complain ta. etc., glandulär dwellings, backint dry coughs, cancerous, affections, bleeding o the lungs, dyspepsia, water orasn. wniie swelling, tumora, pimples, blotches, eruptions of taa lace, ulcers, hip oiBoasa, gout, dropsy rlcketa, alt rheum, bronchitis, couüiaptioa, Urar complaints, etc. Dr. Kidway i 5&:sapiril!iia Hesslveat A remedy composed ot Ingredients ot extraor dinary medical properties essen tial to purify, heal, repair and invigorate tie broken down and wasted body Quick. Pleasant, safe and permanent In Its treatment and cure. SOLD BY ALL DRLUQWra. ONE DOLLAR PER BOTTLE. RADWAY'S PILLS! The Great liver and Stomach Remedy. Perfectly tasteless, elegantly coated with sweet gum, purge, regulate, purify, cleanse and strengthen. RADWAY'S PILLS For the cure ol all disorders of the stomach liver, bowels, kidneys, bladder, nervosa U seases, constipation, cofitiveness. indigestion, llionsness, lever, in2ammation oi the bowels, piles and all derangements of the internal Tis cera. Purely vegetable, containing o mercu:y, minerals or deleterious dregs. PERFECT DIGESTION Will be accomplished by tak!n Kadway'i Pills By so doing; SICK HEADACHE Dyspepsia, font stomach, biliousness will b avoided and the food that is eaten con tri bat Its aouiishiT-g properties lor the support of tha natural wasid of tbe body. tarobsers the following symptoms result Ing from d leases of the digestive organs: Con stipation, in ard piles, fullness of blood In tha bead, acidity of the Btomach, nausea, heartburn, disgut-t of food, fullness or weight of tha stomach, sour eructations, shaking or tattering of the heart, hokinx or tuSocatlng aeasatlona when In a l'.ne posture, dimness oi Tiiion, dots or webs before the sight, fever and dull pain In the ad, deficiency of perspiration, yellowness c tae skin and eye, pain la the side, chest, hnba, and sudden flushes ot heat, burning In tha lean. A few dose l RADWAY'B PILLS will free Ut system of all te above named disorders. Price 2 cenu per box. Bold by all dragtf rta. Bend a letter stamp to DR. RADWAYkOO., Ho. 82 Warren street. Mew York. Information, worth thousands will be sent to yoa TO THX PUBUa aw Be aura and ask tot R4wayi, and sea that tha &ama "SXUVaV Ii east-t roa bul

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