Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 33, Number 52, Indianapolis, Marion County, 1 February 1888 — Page 2

THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL, WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 11888.

1

THE FARM AND HOME

S:aethiis Ibaat Soils Hew U Exuains aid inalvza Them. Free zlrg of tha Sail Winter Cue of Paaltry Eniilige and Grain Together Pi Feeiinj; Sowie Oita. Came Traps Ice Houses Household Ilinta Interesting and Practical Kotes For the 1'armer. Ownership. Youth's Companion OM Farmer Boggs, oi Boggy Brook, Went to the county fair. And witb Ms wife he strolled around To see the wonders there. "That horse." he said. "Gray Eagle Wlug, Will take the highest prizu ; Eut our old Iobbin looks as well And better to my eyes. He is, I know, what folks call slow. It s far the safest way to go; ,-omemen, perhaps, migot think it Strang 2, 1 really should not like to change. "And those fat oxen. Back and Bright, Don't have so large a girth, Nor match like them, just to a hair, But I know what they 're worth. They're good toptougn, and eoo-1 to draw, You stronger pullers never saw, And always mind mj 'gee' and 'haw.' Some folks, perhaps, might think it strange, 1 really shouldn't want to change. "That Devon heifer cost. I heard, A thousand dollars. Now," Said Mrs. Boges, "my Crumple Horn Is just as good a cow; Tier milk I'm sure's the very best, Her butter is the yellowest: Some folks, perhaps, might think It strange, I really shouldn't want a change. ' "Thrse premium hogs," said Mrs. Boggs, M v little Cheshire pfe Is better than the best of them. Although he's not so big, And that yous? Jersey is not halt io pretty as old Brindle's calf; .or is there in the poultry pen As Speckled Wings so good a hea!" As Farmer Eoggs to Bogey Brook Rode homeward from the fair, lie laid. "1 wish my animals Had all of them been there; And if the judge had beed wise 1 might have taken every prize!'' Marian Doug la?. Something About Soils. Boils are understood, in agriculture, to be those portions of the surface of the earth that are in texture and composition fitted for vegetation. Rocks are the original basis of all soils. By the convulsions ot nature, or the long continued action of air, moisture, and frost, they have been broken into fragments more or less minute. These changes can be marked through a large number of gradations. 80m e soils contain bowlders or large stones that are spread over the surface thickly and mingle with the earth beneath, firing it the name of a rocky soil. Where similar stones, but of smaller size abound, the earth is known as a stony soil. A third and still smaller division is known as a gravelly soil ; a fourth is a sandy soil ; a fifth is a loam; while a sixth, in which the character of the particles of the earth differ from those referred to above, is called a clay soil. To these we may add peal soils, which are composed almost entirely ot vegetable matter. Of the chemical caracter of soilä, one of the Jpos; reliable classifications has been given by Professor Johnson. It i bared, with much accuracy, on the elemeats that the soils contain, as follows: "1. Pare clay (pipe clay), consisting of about '0 of silica and 10 of alaaaina and oxide of iron, for the most part chemically combined. It allows no silicious sand to subside when diffused through water, and rarely forms any extent of soil. "2. Strongest clay soil (tile-clay, unctuous clay), consists of pure clay mixed with 5 to 13 per cent, of silicions sand, which cannot be separated from it by boiling and decantatlon. "3. Clay loam differs from a clay soil, in allowing from 15 to :J per ceat. of fine sand to be separated from it by washing, as above described. By this admixture of sand, its parts are mechanically separated, and hence its freer and more friable nature. A loamy soil deposits from 30 to 0 Ver cent, of sand by mechanical washing. "5. A Bandy loam leaves from GO to 90 per cent, of Band, and "G. A sandy soil contains no more than 10 per cent, of pure clay." The above classification refers only fo the clay and sand in soils, leaving out the Important constituent of lime, of which they are seldom entirely destitute. Professor Johnston adds, therefore: "7. Marly soils, in which the proportion of lime is more than 5, but does not exceed 20 per cent, of the whole weight of the dry soil. The marl is a Bandy, loamy or clay marl, accordingly as the proportion of clay it contains would place under the one or the other denomination, sappjsiog it to be entirely free from lime, or not to contain more than 5 per cent; and, "4. Calcareous soils, in which the lime exceeding 20 per cent, becomes the distinguishing constituent. These are also calcareous clays, calcareous loams, or cal careous saua, according to the proportion of clay and sand which are present in them. "Lastly, vegetable matter is som9times a main characteristic of a soil, which gives rise to a further division of "9. Vegetable molds, which are of various kinds from the garden mold, which cantains from 5 to 10 per cent, to the paaty soil Jn which the organic matter may amount 11 GO or TO. These soils are also clayey, -oamy, or sandy, according to the predominant character of the earthy admixtures." The method of examining soils with the view to naming them is given as follows: Spread a weighed quantity ot the soil in 'i. thin layer upon writing paper and dry it for an hour or two in an oven or upon a rot plate, the heet of which is not sufficient to discolor the paper the loss of weight gives the water it contained. "White Ihis is drying a second weighed portion may be boiled or otherwise thoroughly incorporated with water and the whole then poured Into a yessel. in which the heavy sandy parts are allowed to subside until the fine clay la beginning to settle also. This point must be carefully watched, the liquid then poured oil, the sand collected, dried as before upon paper, and again weighed. This weight is the quantity ot sand in the known weight of the moist soil, which, by the previous experiment, has been found to contain a certain quantity of water. Thus, suppose two portions, each of 200 grains, are weighed, and the one in the oven loses 50 grains of water and the other 00 grains of aand then the 200 grains of moist Boil are equal to 1"0 of dry, and thi3 150 grains of dry soil contains 00 grains of dry sand, or 40 in 100 (10 per cent). It would, therefore, properly be called a loam, or loamy soil." To determine the proportion of lime In soil, when it exceeds ö per cent, proceed on the following plan: ''To 100 grains of dry soli, diffused thbrough half a pint of cold water, add balf a wineglassful of muriatic acid; stir it occasionally during the day, and let it tand over night to settle. Pour off the Hear liquor in tne morning, and fill up the veesel with water to wash away the excess 'acid. When the water is again clear, ) "urit off, dry the soil and weigh it the '"Will amount generally to about 1 pr i-uL more than the qiantttf of lime i-i esent The result will be sufficiently near,

however, for the purposes of clasiication. It the loss exceeds five grains from 100 of the dry Boil, it may be classed among the marls; if more than twenty grains, among the calcareous soils. To determine the amount of vegetable matter for the purposes of clarification, dry the soil well in an oven, and weigh it; then heat it to dull redness over a lamp or bright fire till the combustible matter is burned away. The loss on again weighing is the quantity of organic matter."

Freezing of the Soil. American Cultivator. The philosophy ot freezing is important in many ways to the farmer. It is readily understood why deep banks of new fleecy snow do not injure the vegetation beneath them. They are porous and admit enough air to sustain life, and also enough light for plants in that semi dormant stage. Gradually, however, the fleecy character of the bank changes. The outer edges of the flakes melt away; the bank settles as the snow becomes less bulky, though heavier in proportion to its bulk. If the ground is unfrozen beneath, its warmth chaDgesthe under part where the weight is greatest, into almost solid ice. And if the ground is unfrozen winter wheat or grass wlil often begin to grow under the snow banks. Then it needs both air and light, and if neither is afforded the plant is said to be, and is, smothered. The time to guard against this danger is when the snow-bank beside some fence begins to lessen in bultr. Make a few holes down to the soil at r. guiar intervals. These may temporarily fill acaia with Brow, bat it will be so light that it cannot connect as the bank bae done. Usually after s day or two the internal heat of the soil will warm up aDd keep those breathing places opeD. It always will if the soil is property underc" rained. An accidental "P'D ng to nn nndeidrain three feet deep bas kept the soil over it free from snow during an entire winter. The drain was fed by sprirjrs, and hai water in it all through the severest cold weather. AVinter Care ror Poultry, Rural New Yorker. I notice that much interest is shown in the matter of winter-laying of hens. As I have had good success in that line this year, your readers may be interested to know what has been done. 1. Stock. My brood consists of eight pure Brahma hens, two years old; ten Plymouth Kocks, and ten of a cross between a pure brown Leghorn cockerel and white Brahma hens, of which twelve are eight and the balance si.v months old. One riymouta Bock and one brown Laghorn cockerel. 2. Feed. First thing in the morning a medium feed oi three parts wheat and one of corn. In the middle of the morning, the table-scraps from breakfast warmed up and a tablespoonful of concentrated chicken-feed from the grocer's stirred in. In the middle of the afternoon the dinner f craps are fed as they run. We give no feed at night. Water given in an open iron baking pan every morning. 3. House. Moderate size, wood floor, two small windows, floor raised a foot from the ground, shelter shed on one side. No artificial heat. Well ventilated. 4. The run. Since the middle of Ostober they have been free of forage in lawn ard garden. 5. General care. House cleaned weekly in summer, and once a month white washtd with carbolic acid in very thin lime wash, fresh hay in nests and roosts rubbed with kerosene The run spaded np twice in the year. G. Results. Bat two chickens or hens lost from sickness in two years. Pallets began to lay at six months of age the cross-bred laying first nine to twelve ejgs a day through December and January, thus far. BTanagatnsat of Fairs. Ohio Farmer. As t'me is at hand for making arrangements for holding fairs next year, perhaps it would cot be out of place to criticise the way tome of them are run. Take our own county fair. We have an excellent corps of managers as a general thing, out I think it would be an improvement, and a benefit to the majority of the exhibitors, to sell tbe hay stands out to one or more parties, and let tbe stall rents be free. The exhibited could by ha as they wanted, in small or large quantities. Also, why is it that the premiums on Shorthorns are larger than on all other breeds? I consider that it is a muth trouble to txrjpa herdofJtrteys, üo'Meine, Devons, or Hereforas, as it i oi e of Sbort-Lorns. I think ail breeds ought to be encoursged, and have the premiutis all the same on full blooded csttle, an 1 make no distinction at the fair. Even if the board bas a preference for Shorthorns, tiey thonld not show it before the whole roanty, but keep it to themselves. According to the statistics there are three do lors spirit for milk and butter in the United States where there is one dollar srxnt for beef, and I think it is a great oversight to prop one certain breed up, and make exhibitors of other breeds feel is though they bad an inferior breed. I liope our board will take this matter under consideration at their meeting, and not be so one-sided. Do not understand me as toeing a breeder of aBy one kind of caftle, but 1 do like to see justice done, especially when the whole country is more or less interest d. W. L. H. Eotilege and Grain Together. If one v ants a crop cf corn (grain) and a'eo a crop of ensilage, and does not care to have the ears go to the silo, there can be lutle doubt about it The crop can be "tsed In the usual ways, in bills or drills, ears plucked from the stalks "while in i n- milk," and of course without husking, ud thrown in small piles, or spread a ' -ot deep under a shed, to cure, and the ;tilks then cut and ensilaged. In this way i. e usual crop of ear corn can be obtained, a d from six to eight and sometimes ten oos of ensilage thus made usually comes a near to being "sweet" as any 1 have ever setn. Ordinarily, however, a special kind of com will be specially grown for ensilage to sfcaie the greatest possible tonnage per a:re. For this purpose select a strong soil, in good heart, and manure hraviiy with stable manure, broadcast or in drills. I prefer the manure broadcasted, ploughed under lightly, if green, and, if well composted, harrowel in after ploughII g. Use suitable seed, and plant in drills l orn two and a halt to three and a half fet apart, according to size of corn, condition of soil and mode or facilities of cultivation. Hand labor must be avoided as much as possible, and may be entirely aurerseded on good land until the catting. The plants should grow from three to five or six Inches apart in the row. The aim is to have every plant receive light and air enough to grow rapidly and reach maturity if allowed time. It is economy to stimulate the youn? plant and crowd the growth by feeding generously. Superphosphate or any gcod commercial fertilizer may be applied in the drill. But I have never succeeded in growing a large crop of ensilage corn withon. plenty of ammonia, and that, too, in tbe form cf animal manure. Commercial fertilizsrs alone, even when largely used, have not, in my experience, produced satisfactory results with corn grown for the greatest possible weight per acre. The quantity for seed corn will vary from half a bushel to a bushel for an acre. Prof. Alvord, in Farm and Home. Facts in Pis; Feeding-. Fach of three neighbors is fattening a pen of August pigs. All are well housed. One feeds rye and barley meal, one corn in the esr, and the other wheat bran and middlings. The last are doing the best, and tbe coin-fed pigs the poorest. Another neighbor is feeding twenty-seven small pigs fur market, and although he baa corn in abundance, he buys middlings for feed for profit. In March, two years agi, I saw a

pen of pigs slaughtered which hai been fat teced on barley meal. The barley paid about 11.25 a bushel in pork, but the latter was not fit to enter a human stomach. Most of these pigs were snlicted with tapeworms, and on opening them the ugly ver min ' could bo seen through the entrails. It is not known that the barley caused the trouble, but all who became aware of the incident lost faith in feediDg barley to pigs. It ceems to be settled here, at least, that winter pier feed

ing is as profitable as at any other time of the year, provided always that the pigs are kept warm. This is done by double-boarding toe pen, filling in with straw and lay irg the plank Moor on the ground. Warm drinks are usually given. Perhaps no animals are eo fond of haying their backs scratched as pigs, and persons who Beraten the backs of these animals habitually always have the fattest and best pigs. It?asod: If a person is interested in his pigs enough to scratch their backs, he will invariably see that they are well fed and have everything for their comfort. Correspondence Kw York Tribune. Bowing Oats. I will send you my mode of sowing oats, as it may be of use to others. I think it is the best I have yet seen ; have tried it two ceasons. We sow on corn stubble eyery j tar. We use a force of men, and six or a dczen horses. Work the ground crossways from the way the corn was plowed last. One man does the sowing, the other two take the horses, two cultivators and a elantiijg taoth Lsarow. We Bet cultivator thvels fo as to leave the ground a3 lcvtl as possible. We let one man go ahead witn oce plow, the other follows with p'.ow at d leads team to harrow. S'radile raws, ssme as plowing cfrn; lay cH lane's f.cm twelve to twenty rows any even tcniter will do so as to not lose time finif tirg up lards. Three horses to harrow is t esr, as they and harrow just coyer what two plows cut, and lap a little over. We average twelve to fiHeen acres a day this wry, sowed, plowed and harrowed. "When we get a field all sown we cross-harrow, cd it is in fine shape, never fails to make agoodorop. Don't care to plow deep; just enough to cover grain good. Sow as early as possible in spring; no matter if frourd does freeze some after sowing, ut them down thick, and they are all right. Success to the Journal and the a-use it advocates. D S. Cumming, of Clinton, Mo., in Joornal of Agrcaltaltur?. Game Traps for ltoj. Commercial Gazette. In last week's edition of your valuable paper, I eaw a question asking about trapping, which I will try to answer. For catching mink, skunks, etc., a box about three feet long and six inches square. A trap-door should be placed in both ends, made by taking a bard piece of wood and itsertinggood stiff wire about one inch apart, forming something lik9 a longtoothed comb, which can be fastened near the top cf the trap by the axel with a staple driven over if, or it is better to bore bole tear the top and let it in. The doon at the end should stand at an angle, so that a pressure from without will raise them and let the animal pass in, but not out again. This trap may also be used to catch muskrats, and in this case it should be placed at the main entrance of the den, which is generally under water. It is much the best for the trap, as the game will drown before they can damage it to any extent Old weatherteaten boards are the best to make these traps of, as tbe animals are afraid of anything new. Daub the trap over with mud, eo that the animal may not suspect anythirg amiss. A capital substitute for boards is found in an old stovepipe, a joint of which may befquared by poaDdicg it over the edge of a wooden beam. Tne doors are then put in and you will have a trap that will need nothing to sink it, and ibat will be proof against the teeth of the animal. A very simple but effective skunk trap is an old barrel placed on its side, under the center of which is placed a threecornered stick about seven inch's hieb.. The barrel will rest on on edge of this ttick, with the open end ju3t touching the ground; the bait is thrown in the highest end, and when the animal passes in his weight will tip the bsrrel and cage is perfumed lordship. Care must be taken and not place tbe barrel too high, as it might go clear over and let the game escape. The dead-fall is made with a log. one end of which is supported by a figure four. It is given a hinge-like motion by tying one end, placing it in a notch, or byotherwisa fastenirg it. Generally two logs are nwd, one falling on top of the o'.her, aal in this case it Js best to drive stakes o a each side to guide the upper one in its decent. The logs should be placed so that they will come together nicely, The tr gger of the figure four must be set at rigt angles to the lice of fall, and the bait so prot-cted'as to force the animal to approasa and stand with jis body tquarely across the log's path. Another trap is made by making a lid to a box (of any siz), which can be done by taking the top and one end and nsiling them together. At the closed end of the box this lid should be fastened by means 6f a hinge. A figure four should be placed at the open end, with the lid resting on it; the bait should then be fastened to the end of the tongue of the figure four. This tongue must extend to nearly the back end of the trap. The figure should be Eet rather to one side so as to allow the animal a ready entrance. The lid should be heavily weighted with a stone, bricks or any heavy substance; the animal enters and is caught. Hoping this will be of tome benefit to the one who asked for it, 1 remain a constant reader. Jldson W. Ambrose. Cheap Ice-Douses, Ohio Farmer. t Nice years ago we put up an ice-house twelve feet square, using cheap hemlock lumber. We packed the ice one foot from the wall and filled tt with saw-dust. The ice kept well, and the house gave good (attraction, bu-now it is badly rotted and needs a good deal of repairs before it will be safe to store ice for next summer. I have made arrangements to haul stones this winter, which w 11 cost nothing exceDt the hau'ing half a mile; then, daring next summer, l enau put up a substantial stone ice-house, which, with occasional repairc to the roof, etc., would last a lifetime, and in the end would be cheaper than wood. I am told, however, that ice will not keep in a atone bouse. Will anyone who has packed ice in such a house give his experience la the Ohio Farmer, as Boon aa he can? If the inside of a stone house is lined with a small air space, I think it would keep Ice better than a wooden hOUre. O. F. D. Duboistown, Pa. . Fat ni Motes. flun the roller over the wheat field if the frott should throw the plants np. Lambs tbat shall come in before March are the ones that will bring high prices. If the common little sparrow-hawk be cot molested it will do Its share of work in thinning cut the sparrows. Spinach is one of the early greens. An application of a very fine manure will hasten them and give a larger croc Meet breeders score a fsilure in trying to winter too many hens in small ouartera. Hens that are crowded will not lay. It is claimed that though the mule may be stubborn, yet he seldom runs away or becomes frightened, nor does he shy at every object. If you should have a gentle old biddy to get broody the latter part of this monti give Ler eggs and let her bring up a clutch of cticks for early broilers. Every henhouse should be kept as warm as possible. Fggs cannot be got when they aell highest unless the poultry be made comfortable and fed properly. The best food for early hatched chicks ia granulated oatmeal, which should be placed

in little troughs, so that the chicks can get all they wish and at any time. Don't be afraid to pluck your geese during tne winter months if you have them in good condition and a warm place to hoase them if a severe spell of winter follows. The ground for spring wheat cannot be prepared too early, and it sbould be not enly deeply ploughed but harrowed until the seed bed shall be as fine as the soil can be made. When eggs are 2 cents apiece, aa they are tow, one naturally gets the chicken fever. A good ben Boon pays for herself if she can be induced to get in her work while eggs are so scarce.

Altboueh this is the winter eason. in this latitude there is but a short time before spring work should begin, and all the work done now would be of great advantage when the hurry shall begin. If you haven't turnips or parsnips for your poultry give them fodder or clover hay. You will be surprised to see how much they will eat if it is kept before them all tbe time in a clean, nice condition. The cheapest and the best way to get a good cow is to procure a can irom a firstclass dam and raise it. It is like buying tickets in a lottery the majority are blanks, unless one may know what they are. There is just as much in knowing how to feed hens as there is in knowing how to fted any other farm stock. This is the next important item to lock after as soon as good houses shall have been provided. It has been suggested that if small plots of ground should be attached to pahl;c Ecbools and flowers cultivated, not only would the ground 3 be made attractive and beautiful, tut botany could be made a fctudy as well. If you are prepared for it, commence the woik of hatching this month. It won't com much to build a warm nursery for early chicks, and they will always brine a good price and can be shipped a long ways to market. An authority on hogs says: "If we take all tbe hogs fattened in the United States in a year and charjge the time of fattening from cold to warm weather one-half of the grain now fed will make all the pork. This would be a saving of food, at least to the amount of $75,000,000 per year." Pulled wools are largely used In the manufacture of flannels, and one reason of their being so used is because the procS3 cf pulling, either by burning or sweating, destroys the felting properties of the fibre, aEd so better fits it for use in flannels, which will not eo readily bhrink in washing. A change in food will be relished by the si; i ep just as well as by any other animal on the farm. Nature is a pretty sure guide in such matters. There may be and is a choice of foods among those that sheep will eat with a relish, says an exchange, but it is a mistake to feed what thev do cot relish. The condition hollow horn is simply a symptom of disease, and instead of directii,g medical attention to the horn, the practitioner should make haste to to look in other directions for the disease: for the very fact that the horn is insufficiently supplied with blood is proof that there is too much blood somewhere else, and hence a state of corgestion. A subscriber atks for a positive cure for Hab in sheep. It is doubtful if a sure remedy be known, as the disease is contagions, and once it makes its appearance it seems to remain. The ordinary commercial Eheep washes are the most effectual, but the sheep must b frequently dipped, which entails labor. When scabs appear it wou!d be cheaper to destroy some nocks entirely than to attempt to cure. All lovers of fine wool sheep are glad to rcte that merino sheep of to-day are not t!;e fummy nV?rii ones of a fewyesrsago, The exhibitors of this breed of Bheep now call attention not only to the length, fiaetees and whiteness of the fleeces, but to the comparative absence of the old-time gum, showing a marked increase in the yield of wool when cleansed. The draft horse is represented with a paj.er at every farmera' insmute in the West this winter. Twenty years ago the fast-horse men rr onopolized all the time at inch meetings. The draft horse has won his way to the front upon his merit. He well deserves the grand success he has achieved. The draft horse interest opens t.e tew year witu lacrtasing interest and povulanty. Professor Henry, according to Hoard's DakyruaD, tuvs that milch cows would orr.k Eevenly five to one hundred pounds of warmed water a day, but would not drink so much ice-cold water. A cow Leeds a voit nie of water in her body in roporuon to tLe voinmeoi milk she gives, Hence if the water be to cold'thatshe will not Uir k it, the natural result will C3me otirinkspeof tbe volume of miik. It ia as plain as checking deposits out of a bank. Fall pigs are claimed to entail less labor than spring pige, as they can be fed and cared for in the winter. This is true to a certain extent, hut much depends upon tne ase ci tne pig on the approach ot coil weather. If expected to pass through the winter they should be from early litters, or tney win De stunted m crowth, should the Etajcn beeevere. September farrowed pigs will be old enough to keep over to the sec ocd year. The Kansas City Live Stock Indicator sija that the kind of cheep to ieep depends en the soil and pasturage. The Southdown is the bebt breed to cross with native ees that are made to forage a great por titn of the time. Merinos do better in large flocks than do the heavy mutton sheep. Heavy breeds cannot range as eas ily as tbe small sheep, and therefore re quire more attention. Using the improved Dietcs for crossing means that a larger 6llowaccecf focd must be given if success te desired. Some swine growers contend that they Lave Dten unable to cistingursn any per ceptible superiority in the product oh tamed from swine fatted on clover, milk and a carefully selected mixed ration, over that from the corn and swill fed porkers of "the common herd," and they credit tbe alleged superiority of the so-called "fancy brands : to the skilful manipulation cr "curing" they unquestionably rereive. While this has much to do with the production, it is also true that the quality '.and kind of feed have even more. Theodore Lewis says he could not .think of cutting the tails from his pigs. Tne tails are the thermometers which indicate the animal's condition. If not feeling well, not thriving, if his food will not agree with bim. the tail will begin to straighten. The s'eker the pig the etraihter the tall. While the conventional curl shall retain its place there need be no anxiety about the pig; if a double carl be seen ce may ce regarded as in perfect con dition. Tbat old theory of "a bushel of corn to fatten an inch of tail" has no ter rors for Mr. Lewis. The pig's tail being his pulse, it would seem very foolish to cut it oil. Household Hints.! Bathrcoms should not open into sleep ing apartments. Antique oak or cherry is the favorite wood for btd rcom eets. Fine pillows are need on library lounges as lLCitu g slumber. The cf teuer Hour is eiflfd for eponcecake the lighter tie cake will b. "Nfver take warm drinks end then immediately go cut into the cold The water in vtb'cb. coofish rbeen scaktd ia vrv eocu fjr wasMi'tc the zinc under the stove. Take a bucket of fre&h wafer into your bd-rcom evrv rih r let in remain uncovered. It will absorb all poisonous gases. Faint stains that are dry and ld may be

removed from cotton or wollen goods with

chloaoform. First cover the spot with olive oil or butter. Every one should have eight hour's sleep, and pale, thin, nervous persons require ten, which should be taken regularly, in a well ventilated room. When hoarse, speak as little as possible until the hoaseness is recovered from, else the voice may be permanently lost or difficulties of the throat be produced. When eoing from a warm atmosphere into s cooler one keep the mouth closed, so that tbe air may be warmed in its passage through the nose ere it reaches the lungs. Keep the back, especially between the shoulder blades, well covered; also the chest well protected. In sleeping In a cold room establish a habit of breathing through the ccse, and never with the mouth open. To make good breakfast muffins, cream together one cupful of butter and one cup ful of sugar; add three eggs and one pint of milk, stirring well; then add one quart of wheat flour, with two teaspoonfuls of baking powder and one cupful of yellow Indian meal. Bake in mama rings in a hot oven. What are known as toasted crackers, an excellent accompaniment for hash at breakfast, are made in this way: split six butter crackers and soak them in cold water until they begin to swell; then pour off tbe water and drain. Butter a flat baking-pan. Lay the crackers in, crust aide cown, and bake ten minutes, till they turn a delicate brown. P.oie them on a warm cln, butter lig Mly and fctrve at once, The best baked dumplings of apples have a good plain pie crust put around the peeled and cored fruit. They are thea eet in a deep pu, the tops are covered with a thick saote utile cf butter and brown tusar nux -c-ethtr. A pint of water is h '.h- i -- i arid tbe whole is covered jy i large fltt platter. The steim tl'P :tr kfp ttie crust sft until iuH y.ir ard butter tre all based tt it v y dtlicious browned rolls of jelly. Mutten, with cloves of garlic, is a favor ite dish in France, aud delioious it is. The garlic is boiled ia no fewer than three separate and : ; ;mct waters before the cloves are inured into the mutton; this, of course greatly modifies the strong taste and appet'zing smell. The flavor of sausg(8is vastly lmproyed by having a few cloves of garlic fried with them. Tne same may be said of chops and stakes; wherever onions may be used, garlic can be substituted. Few persons know, probably, that cooked celery makes a very nice dish. To prepare it, cut it in small cross sections, using nearly the entire stalk androot3, rejecting only the very green parts. Cook it in but little water, so that when very tender the wafer will have boiled nearly away; then add milk eufiicient for a nice gravy, season to taste with salt and pepper, rub butter and flour to a smooth paste, and add sufficient to make it of a creamy consistency. When the flour is scalded it is done. Excellent Graham biscuits for breakfast are made in this way: Take three cups of Graham flour, one cup of wheat flour," two isr?e teaspoons of baking powder, well mixed with the flour, rub in two large tablespoons of butter, a little salt, halt a cup of sugar, one beaten egg, and enough sweet milk (cold) to make a soft dough, roll out, cut with biscuit cutter, and bake immediately. Coffee Pudding Soak the crumb of a small stale loaf in some very strong black coffee; melt one ounce of butter, mix with in one ounce of sugar, one ounce chopped alicords and the beaten yolks of four egge, then the whisked whites of three, squeeze out the bread lightly, and beal it 11.10 tbe other ingredient?, allowing suuicient to make the mixture of the consistency of a cabinet puddiDg; pour it Into a buttered mould and bake it in a moder ately hot oven, or boil and serve with sweet auce. Hard Gingerbread Flour, three pounds: butter, three quarters of a pound; ginger, two ounces; cinnamon, two ounces; salt, cm tes.epoonful: soda, one teaspoonful; New Orleans molasses, one auart. Dissolve coda in a little water and then stir into the molcsres. Sieve flour, sugar, spices and salt together, then rub butter into the flour prepared in this way. Afterwards pour in the molassfs, which tbe soda has made quite light, kEead well, rcll thin, cut into email cakes and bake. To Make our Own Baking Powder Tut half a pound of ground rice into a bowl with a quarter pound of carbonate of soda, mix weil together and tben add three ounces oi cure tartaric acid. Both soda and acid must be freed from lumps by crushing with a broad blaned knife or spocn on a piece cf paper. When the rice, soda and ac'd are well mixed, sift them through a wire sieve or a fine strainer ard put away in two small tin boxes with close fitting lids. Use one teaspoonfal of this to euch pound of flour required by your rec-ir-es. Ail such powder must be kept very dry. Bread Balls for Soup Cut the crumb of a stale loaf into small pieces, put them in a bowl and pour over them enoagn hot water to moisteD, without csakiog th?m too wet; let them cool; chop an onion, lay it in the frj ing pan with a large lump of dripping and some chopped parsley and fry a light bxown; mix it with the bread, and. when cool, add too well beaten eggs, salt, pepper, and suuicient hour to bind; make the mixture into small balls and drop them into the boiling soup about fifteen minutes be fo?e serving. These are excellent with lentil soup or white bean eoup, two excellent purees. Very nourishing for school children's luncheon or midday dinner. Frozen la New York New Yor.K. January 23. George Heeg, a milkman, Iivinz at Last Willtamsbar Long Island, is an inmate of St. Catharine's Hospital, Brooklyn, waiting to have one of his armi- and a lee amputated in order to save his life. During tbe intensely cold weather last Tuesday night he started to walk from Williamsburg to his home, about three miles. When about a mile from borne, and while crossing an open field, he was seized with an epileptic fit and fell on the ice. He became unconscious, and would have frozen to death but for the timely assistance rendered by his faithful dog. The animal found him prostrate on the ice. and attempted to re suscitate bis master by licking his face aul hands, rubbing himself against his master's body, and howliog dismally. No one seemed to bear or heed the dog; but Mr. Heeg recovered sufficiently to sit up. but could not regain his feet, as one of his sides was so benumbed by the rold tbat one leg and arm had become use less. He managed to reach his hat and held it out in front of tbe excited dog. The intelligent creature understood the motive and, seizing tbe hat in his mouth, started at full speed for Mr. Heeg's house. Rsaching the - front door, he began barking so violently that he aroused one of the workmen employed on the place, and succeeded in making him understand that assistance was needed. The man procured help and followed the dog over the ice for a mile, r;out 3 o'clock in the morning, where Heeg was found badlv frozen and unable to move. Tbe men raised him la their arms ard carried him to his home, where melicci aid was promptly summoned and elTirts successfully male to restore him. Tbe phyeiciana said tint it would be impossible to save the ni3n's life unless the frozen limbs were amputated, and he was taken to the hospital. A Lively Time lu Court. Chicago, January 2S. A loaded revolver in tbe I ands m a man half crazed with ex citement.nwo women his wife and daught'l wi h the ir arms about his neck be sted irg him tot to shoot, another man his life Lansii g almost on a thread and with every m rve strained to avoid the ex nected bulle, a jury of eleven men

scrambling to get out of pistol-range, spectators scared and bailiffs in a wild hurly burly to prevent a tragedy, were the points in a sensational episode that took place in Juc'ge Clifford's court this morning. The would-be shooter was Thomas Walsh. He is tbe oldest expressman in Chicago, and his attempt to commit murder in court this morning was the result of a belief that justice had fallen short in his case. James Britton, a man who had formerly worked for him, was charged with having assaulted his daughter. The jury found Britton not guilty, to day, and that so infuriated the father that he resolved to take the law in his own hands, and kill in the very sight of the men who had acquitted him, the person he believed to have been guilty. Walsh was overpowered are he cou'd carry out his purpose and locked np in jaiL EUROPEAN SITUATION.

The II un tartan Premier States Bis View of the Frontier Question. Pksth, January 23. In the lower house of the Hungarian Diet to day Premier Tisza, replying to the interpolation of Herr Helfy in reference to Russia's miliary preparations, to Austria's position regarding Bulgaria, to the advisability of the Government taking the initiative in scmmonicg an international conference to settle the Bulgarian affair in the sense of the programme of 1SSG, and as to whether Austria might count upon the alliance of Germany and I taly in case the efforts now beirg made to maintain peace did not succeed, emphatically declared that there was no ground to doubt the reciprocal bona fides of the powers allied for tbe preservation of peace and for their own security. In consequence of the marked displacement of Russian troops, and their transfer in the direction of the Austrian frontiers, the government, without doubting the Czar's pacific declaration?, and avoiding all semblance of provocation, consider it its duty to eee that necessary mefures were taken to assure the safety of the frontiers and theellici6ncy of the army iu esse cf an emergency. The alliance of the Central European powers had never been anything but a league of peace, purely defensive and foreien to any aggressive action, ne hoped the peace loving monarchies and governments would succeed ia maintaining peace and removing the feeling of insecurity which weighs heavily on Kurope. Herr Von Tisza warned the House not to believe newspaper telegrams and rumors, whicb, be said, were either Bosrss maneuvers or "feelers." He denied that Count Kalnoky bad met with strong op1c&ition in regard to his political decisions, t was also untrue that Count BylandtHeydt, the Austrian war minister, had asked a war credit and had been refused, in consequence of Herr You Tisza's objections. Further, there waj no ground for the suggestion that tbe monarchy was unable to" rely upon its allies to perform that which It was justified in expecting from them. Regarding tie military measures tbat had been adopted by the Government, he said: "Every one knows that we aim at no extension of our influence in violation of treaties, cor at any increase of territory, as has been falsely attributed to us." Herren Helfy and Perczel, replying to the Prime Minister, declared that nobody ia Hungary desired war. The House, amid loud cheering, passed a resolution taking formal cognizance of Herr Von Tisza's declarations. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. The Grand Lodge ot Feuni ylvanla has its Powers Taken From tt. Cixcikk ATI, January 23. Hon. Howard Douglass, Supreme Chancellor of the;Sapreme Lodge Knights of Pythias of the World. Las issued his edict iu the case of the Grand Lodge cf Pennsylvania in these words, after reciting the previous action taken: "Sow, therefore I, Howard Douglass, Supreme Chancellor of the Supreme Lodere Knights of Pythias of the orld, do ietue the following order: That the Grand Lodge of the Knights of Pythia3, of Pennsylvania, from and after this date is hereby suspended, and all its powers and functions as said Grand Lodge, emanating from t he Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias ot the V orld rre revoked and recalled ; and its acts as a Grand Lodge, or its officers during its recess cease to be legal, or of any force or efiect." The date of the order is January 27. It is addressed to tha Grand Lod$e Knights cf Pythias, of Pennsylvania, by John H. Cotton, its Grand Chancellor, and George Hawkes, Grand Kper of U-cor'isaad Seals. Mr. Douglass has also itued an address to the members cf the order of the Kuigh's of Pythias of the Grand J anadiction cf Penu&ylvauit, in which he sets forth in detail the e nire Droce din? from the Cist l?tUr to W. H. Mohr, tir Gmnd Chancellor directing bim 10 reqiirethe lccgs in Fetnsylvania to co'up.y with the provisions of lbs supreme law. Mr Monr referred tbe matter to the Grind Lodge, which laid it over until thessmca of tbe Supreme Lodge. Next the Bapreae Chancellor, sent a letter to Grand Cüancellor Cclton requiring him to require the lodges in Pennsylvania to conform to the BnpretLe law, and received a reply ouetiocing the Supreme Chancellor'a authority. Then followed a pre-emptory demand for obedience, and finally a citation to appear and answer charges of contumacy filed by Past Grand Chancellor Buttr field. There beiDB no appearance, except by letter, from John A. Cplton, ia which he claimed that the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania maintained the exclusive right to förm its own conetitution, and that for the government of its subordinate lodges, Chancellor Douglats goes on to S9y that the members of the order are now under the direct supervifion of the officers of the Supreme Lodge, and be directs tbe lodges to give expression of their loyalty to tbe supreme authority. He also asks for reports from the lodees, add promises after jeceiving this to take the necesary step3 to remove the present difficulty. He declares that the day has gone by for the officers of the Grand Lodge of the State of Pennsylvania to be greater than the order of the Knights of Pythias. DYSPEPSIA Causes its victims to be miserable, hopeless, confused, and depressed in mind, very irritable, languid, and drowsy. It is a disease which docs not get well ot itself. It requires careful, persistent attention, and a remedy to throw off the causes zvA t ::ic up tho digestive organs till "they perform their duties willingly. Hood's Sarsaparilla has proven just the required remedy in hundreds of cases. ' I have taken Hood's Sarsaparilla for dyspepsia, from which I have suffered two years. I tried many other medicines, but none proved so satisfactory as Hood's Sarsaparilla." TnoMAS Cook, Brush Llectric Light Co., New York City. Sick Headache Tor tlio pa-t two years I biv loen afllictcd villi severe headaches and dyspepsia. I was induced to try Hood's Sarsapv rilla, and have found great relief. I cheerfully recommend it to all." JIns. B. F. Anxaple, New Haven, Conn. Mrs. Mary C. Smith, Cambridscport, Mass., was a sufferer from dyspepsia and sick headache. Sho took Hood's Sarsaparilla and found it the best remedy she ever used. ; Hood's Sarsaparilla Sold by all druggists, ft; six for $5. Mado only by C. I. HOOD St CO., Lowell, Mass. 100 Doses Ono Dollar.

R. R. R

KADWAY'S READY RELIEF The Cheapest and Best Medicine for FanHy L' a in the World. Sore Throat, Colds, Coughs, Inflammation, Sciatica, Lumbago, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Headache, Toothache, Nervousness, Diptheria, Influenza, Difficult Breathing, CURED AND PREVENT!) BT ELDWiY'S READY RELIEF. Ia case s of Lumbago and Rheumatism, Bad way's Ready Kellet never falls, blrong- Testimony of Koal-rant Commieloner, th lion. Ueorge Starr, m to the Power of Kadways Ready Bellet In a Case of Sciatic Khrnmatlim. No. 3 Van Nbss Plack. Riw Yob-. Db. Kadway: Withme your Belief haaworkfd Bonders. For the last three years I hive had frequent and severe attacks of sciatica, sometlcifrs extending; from the lombir retfous to my in cite, and at times in both lover limbs. I'urit.g the time I have been afflicted I have tried alrr.ost a'l the remedies rocoamenlea by wi e rxen RDd fools, hoping to flad relist, bat s!l in rti tote failures. I have tried various Inda ot ba'.t;. miatrnlatlcn. outward application of li-inuiKs too niii;. ions to mention, and. preicriniioas o' tiie mM tmaeiitSpüyfeiciAns, all o: whic'a la. led to Rivf rr.c nllef. 1.01.T stumber. at the urireut remest of a riend (who bad boen afflicted a myself!. I was xiduccd to try your reme dy. I was tnen sitrerlnjr Tearfully with one of my old tarns. To my mrrrise and delicht the first application rave tne esf-c atter oat n in? and rubbing tne parts affected, leaving the limb in a warm giow, created by the Belief, ia a short time the pain passed entirely away. Altoou?h I have alight periodical attacks approaching a change ot weather. I know now now to cure myseit. aa l feel quite master of the situation. KAUWAY'3 ready BELIEF is my friend. I never travel without a bottle In my valise. Yours truly, GEO. 8TARR. The Follow Ir g vras Received by Mall Through W. U. Bljth, Drnstst, IHount Pleasant, Texas. Mr. W. H. Blyth Sir: In compliance with your request to turalah you wfta tae results of ny knowledge and experience with Dr. Radnay's R. R., in reply 1 can state that I have been using the Radway Remedies since 1S52. I know the Ready Re. lei to be a epeciflo for flax and all bowel complaints. It is more reliable for colils, pleurisy, pneumonia aul diseases growing out of colds, for cuts, bruises, sprains, rheumatism and aches, and pains generally, than any remedy I have ever known trial. From my personal knowledge of the Badway Remedies 1 tnink tb'ta all superior to any remedies of which 1 have any knowledge, toe ail the ills for which they are recommended. Respectfully, T. H. 8KLUMOHK, factor Green Hill Presbyterian Church. 1 RADWAY'S READY RELIEF WILL AFFORD IN3TAXT EASE, inflammation ol the kidneys. Inflammation of Madder, inflammation of the bowel, conceHion of tfce lungs, sore throat, dtScult breathlDg, palpitation of the heart, hysterica, croup, diphtheria, catarrh, Inflaenza, headache, toothache, neuralgia, rheumatism, cold chills, chilblains, irost-bites, nervous -josa, sleep levuees. The application o! the R ADY REt IEF to the part or parts where the difficulty or pain exifcta will afford ease and comfort. Thirty to 6lxtv drops in half a tumbler Of water wlil in a tew minutes cure cramps, sour f-f-macb. heart-burn. headache. diarrhoea, dysentery, colic wind in the bowels and lateraal paine. MALARIA: Chills and Fever, Fevsr anl Ague Conquered. Kadwav's Ready Relief Not only cures the patient seized with tala terribiefoe to eitlere in new district, ou. u people expo(ed to It will, every morning on getting out of bed, take twenty or thirty drops of tna Ready Relief iu a glass of water, aul drink it, and eat ay a cracker, they will e-capj attacks. Inis mnt be done before going oat. I EVER and AGUE cured for 50 cents There is not a remedial tgeat in the world that will C Jre fever and asrne aud all othär mila'iou, r'!(.ru and oth?r fover? (aidod br RAI' VY'd PIT-Lbi eo qnicklv as Rad way' Raly Relief. 3 Fifty Cents Per Bottle SOLD BY DRUGaiSTi. DR. RADWAY'S SARSAPARILLIAN RESOLVENT. The Great Blood Purifier, For the Cure of all Chronic Diseases. Chronic rheumatism, scrofula, syphtletlo complaints, etc., grandurjsweliia kacktnf diy coughs, cancerous affections, bleeding o the lungs, dyspepsia, water brash, white iwe'.li: g, tumors, pimples, blotches, eruptions of taa fare, ulcers, hip oiscasc, gout, dropsy riete, salt rheum, bronchitis, consumption, liver complaints, etc Dr. Eidway's Simpiril'iis R?slre:t A remedy cemposed of ingredients ot extraor-di.-ary medical properties essential to purify, heul, repair and invigorate the broken down 11 d wasted body Quick. Pleasant, safe aaa ce imanent in its treatment and cure. SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS. ONE DOLLAR PER BOTTLE. RADWAY'S PILLS! The Great liver and Stomach Remedy. Perfectly tasteless, elegantly coated with sweet gum, purge, regulate, purify, cleanse and strengthen. RADWAY'S PILLS For the cure of all disorders of the stomach liver, howels, kidneys, bladder, nervoua diseases, constipation, costlveness. Indigestion, illouRcewt. fever, inflammation of fse bowel, piles and all derangements of the internal viscera. Purely vegetable, containing o mercury, minerals or deleterious drugs. PERFECT DIGESTION win be accomplished by takin Eadway'i PUU By so doing SICK HEADACHE Dpepia, foul atomarh, biliousness wilt b avoided and the food that ia eaten contribute uouiishing properties lor the support of tbe Li tr.ral waste of the body. CJ-Observe the fol'-oiring symptoms rssalt 1r- from diseRsew of the digestive orpans: Con tifpation, inward piles fuuness of blood in the if id, aridity ot the 6tomach, nausea. hertI ;.rn. dibgun of food, fullness or welzht of the t Tnach, tour eructations, inking or fluttering ci tr e heart, chokin? or auflocaiiug sensations v hen in a lying posture, dimness of vision, ÖVuorwcbs before tho sight, lever aid dull t siu in the head, deaciency of pcrsp. ration, v. ilowne. o! tLe tln ai tyes. pall In tha eide. cnest, limbs and ndden flushes of heat, burning in the fl-h A few doses of RADW AY3 PILL3 will free th sysu.ni o: all tae above name! disorders. pTlft 2"icen per box. Bold braU dngrita. 3n.1 a letter sump ti DR RADWAIJiCO., So f2 Warren sttest New Tork. J-Information worth thousands will be seat to you. i TO THE PUBuia VBe sure an ak tor Ras way's, and sea that the name "BADWAY" ia on what yoa buy

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