Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 33, Number 14, Indianapolis, Marion County, 4 May 1887 — Page 6

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THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL WEDNESDAY MAY 1 1887.

FARM AND HOUSEHOLD

Haisiig Cockers Niturally Fooi asi Cara of Broad Mares. l'arm Yard Manure Breeds ef Pls4 lro tectlng the Grape Crop Keclpes Household Hints Farm Notes. Raising Chickens Naturally. Henry Hales ia Rural New Yorker.l Of all the work connected with poultry, cone is more troublesome or tedious than the looking after sitting hens and their ne6ta while incubating. If the hens are allowed to sit in the poultry-housa where they laid, and where other iieP3 are laying, a great many vexatious annoyances occur. Two hens will sometimes fight for one nest and so break some of the egs, or the sitting hen goes cff, and on returning finds the nest occupied by an intruder. This state of ailairs is fully set forth by persons who ttrongly recorjmend incubators; but as every farmer his not time to attend to an incubator, I will give a little of ray own experience in raising chickens by the natural method, aided by a plan which mcst farmers can follow. I have a small building divided by a wire partition into two parta, with a aoor from one to the other, and a small yard made with wire netting, also divided. I have a slide from each compartment into each yard. The s!z9 of the house will de pend on the number of chickens desired. Two rooms IiG feet, with yard3 twice that size, will be large enough for fourteen hens to sit in. and if thoe sit twice it will be equal to llfty-six sitting hens. In moat case3 the houses may be used a ihirJ time, xai-'injr several hundred chicks. When my hens get broody I set a lot to gether in one house, using small shallow boxes for nests not over eleven or twelve inches square so that two hen3 can not crowd iuto one nest. I set the3e on the Coor all around the sides and a few Inches apart, so that a greedy hen can not reach the eszs from the next nest, as such hens are very apt to break the tenth command ment. I leave water and food ia the house, so that the hens can eat or drink at any time when they come otT the nesta. 11 here are no percr.es in the hou333 or anything they can get on above the nests. A drtst box sunk level with the rl oor, with eand and ashes, and with a little ctrbalate of lime or carbolic acid sprinkled in from time to time, placed where the sun shines on it throueh t be windows on cierdiy3. will keep the Lcdj clear of parasites. A little tod cr grac-3 in the yards ia gool for tbeir health. I don't have trouble once in f ty times in removing a sitting hen. I let her bit a fe"V days In the nest she has b?en laying in, to see that she 13 in earnest; then I remove her one evening to the sittinbouEe, place her cestoa the floor (as above), and if a cumber of others can be removed at the same time, bo much the better. Then I harg something up over the window to ehade the light a little. Th;3 may remain ior a few days until one learna that all means business, and as soon as they settle down the shaJe should be removed, and the elides into the yards may be left open that Lens may get fresh air whenever they ple&se. The advantages of this system may be eas ily seen by those who have had to spend a large portion or the:r vai nable time in epring watching the sitting heas or liftirg thejn orf and driving them oack to their nests every day. As many as possible should be Bet at or anont the same t;m2 a lew days are not ci much consequence eo that if the hens change nests it would be of no importance, and if there are no more nests than hens and the ne3tä are a little way from each other, so that the hens can not juarrei, things will go on very smoothly, and much los3 of time and veiltion will be avoided. The secDnd batch of sitting hens should be set in the next compartment so that they all come out together ia the same way as the hrst. The house should be well ventilated every day and never be tightly closed. As the hens hatch they should be removed with Lae cmcta to their ccop3 wnere 11 is intended to raise them. The outlay of money for such a building to these who raise any number of chickens is trilling compared wi h the outlay of time xequirtd by the old-lashioned way, and much is saved, a3 the hens do not break so many eggs. Of course, the nests should be looked to and kept clean, but if a little sul phur be sprinkled in them, r, what i3 bet ter, tome tobacco stems be used with the straw In making them up, few will ba trou bled with vermin. The hens should ba lifted off" at times if they do not get oil of ineir own accord to see that no Drosen egg foul the nest3. If only a few chickens are wanted, a place 4x8 feet, with a low roof and a door opening outward in each room, it amued, will answer weih Food and Care of Brood Mares, Prairie Farmer.l A majority of colts are raised from mares that work more or less regularly on farms, and while this is trying on the ruaraa, it 13 remarkable how well they do if given proper food and care. Continuous hard work, euch that a strong gelding can barely endure, should never be required of mare kept for breeding purposes. Before foaling the mare should not be drivea at more than a very moderate gait, neither should the be heavily loaded, especially when the footing is poor. A week or so of rest Ehould always b3 allowed after foaling, and the should not be allowed to become very tired or warm. A common mistake among farmers cocsists la keeping their horse3 through the spring on corn and hay alone. For the brood mare thla ration ia pirtic nlarly poor, as she must furnish material to grow muscles, bones and nerves in trie colt. Corn not only lacks much of the growth-making material, but its one-sided-n8 has in it aa element of injury. It is heating rather than cooling. No one feed comes bo nearly answering the requirements of a grain food do oats. Together with a gcod allowance of nice hay, cats supply the wants of the system.' Aiixing foods or, more especially, c impounding rations should receive more attention. Very often the farmer has no cats for any of his horses, and a substitute is very desirable. He has plenty of corn, but oats can not be purchased without paying ont money for them. In this case bran and oil-meal can b mixed with the corn so as to make a good ration. The corn furnishes cheap fat and h?at-producen, while the bran and oil-meal famish the nitrates of growth-producers. Uran and corn in equal parts by weight furnish about the fume proportion of nitrates and fat-forme-s aa oats, and a little less in weight of this combicid ration i3 required for a feed. Six parts corn, three part3 bran, and one part ground oil cake; alao Inrniah nearly the aame proportion of the food element aad can be fed with good results If pare is taken to not increase the oil-cake beyond the danger line. For general use this lait mixture is not so good a substitute for oats as the former. A little more by weight ia required of this mixture for a feed than of oats. Very little oil cake should enter the ration of the mare before foaling. Green foods are adapted to keeping both dam and colt in good condition. Whenever practicable they should be allowed to ran in the pasture together. Green fodder should b fed in the barn if the mare is not frequently out in the pasture. If the mare Is a poor milker the proportion of bran ihould be increased. W here a great many chorea make the time in the field each half day rather short, it is usually best to keep the colt in the barn or adjoining lot while the mare la In the field. Cat where the mare ia abject full half days she is Irritated by the large quantity of milk In the udder, and the colt is compelled to talcs all this milk when the mare ia heated. If boUx mar ifl the team tare alts they

usually play topether, and arc not much, if

any, cottier in the Leid. Sheep and Cattle. Farm, Field and Stockman. Any farmer who keeps eight or ten cows can keen an equal number of sheep without feellrjg the expense, except a little grain to be paid for, which will be more than onset by the money receivea ior me wool, which ought to weigh fiv8 pounds and bring on an average $1.25. Tho lamb, if an early one and sold to the butcher in April, ought to bring fO, and if sired by a thoroughbred Down ram, would possibly bringet more. If the lambs are late and not salable before July or August, they should biing at least 1 1. The ewe, if properly fed, will be worth more than when purchased. The keeping for a year, including grain, will be worth $1, which expense will be paid by the sale of the lamb, leaving the wool as clear profit. Deducting one-half for accidents, we have a profit of 11 ter cent, on the hrst cost and ail ex penses paid, which, in these days of cheap money, ought to he called a iairiy proniab!e investment. The objection raided against sheep hus bandry is dogs. I grant dogs are a nuisanca to the shepherd, and so they are to him who raises poultry, but we have a dog law that is pretty good, not as good as we could wish, but still good enough to cover all risks if one really wants to Keep sneep. We should keep enoogh sheep in each town and village of the commonwealth to give the dogi a liberal education. They will soon learn, but as it is now, sheep are so seldom seen that dogs think they ought to be put out of the way as a nuisance, as though they were wild beast3 or vermin. Of course, there are some dogs that are naturally bad, as there are soma oil bo;s. Do with the dogs as we sometimes want to do with the boys kill them and plant ttero four feet under ground. The sneaker recommended dipping every newly purchased sheep in some good sheep dip. to kill t.cks and cure scab, and to re neat the dipping at the end of seven or eight days. If one starts with a clean flock, it is easy keeping them clean, but if either ticks or Ecab are allowed to get a start, there is likely to be a long job ahead. Hells on the reck of sheep are useful in several ways. If the sheep get out of the pasture, they are found easily; if a dog gets In, the ringing of the bells very often will dissoncert him, and if the sheep run with fright, they are sure to be heard by some one on the farm, unless the pasture is a long way oil. I arm Yard Manure Kotted and Uurotted. Practical Farmer.l Among intelligent farmers who exercise oniiderable care n storing tbeir: manure1, their are some singular prejudices prevailing regarding the valne and use of manure. Ianv a farmer would thin k r e wes wistmg both time and material were he to spread and plough in icannre that was not properly "rotted." That such an opinion should be prevalent is not surprising. Take pound for pound and rotted manure will produce far more satisfactory and speedy results than ur rotted. Cat this is not the only matter to be considered. A pound of green manure will not make a pound of manure that is well rotted. Rotted manure fs simply green manure considerably concentrated and in a high state of preparation. If this were all, it would not matter much whether the manure was used in a rotted or ncrotted condition, but this is not all. While the manure ha3 been rotting, much of its value has been dissipated in the fermentive process, while that which remains is in such condition as to yield nearly all of its plant food to the first crop that follows its application. On the other hand, nnrotted or unfermcnted manure, when once plowed under, not only yields all the ingredients that make up the more highly prepared and concentrated article, but much more beside. All the volatile portion which is driven off in the process 01 fermentation is now given to the land. The process of rotting progresses slowly. but with thoroughness, and not a pariicle of available plant food is allowed to escape. Of course there are crops ia which a limited use of rotted manure ia found in practice to be necessary for the successful cultivation of certain crops. Thus, says a well-known writer, the turnip, the carrot, and the beet, which are sown in the early part of the summer, require that the ma nure applied shall be in such a state of de composition as to act upon and nourish them in the hrst Btages of their growth, and if tbi3 be not so the crop may entirely fail. In these and similar cases according ly a complete prepa-ationof the faraayard dungs is an ts-ential point 01 practice Certain plants, again, do not require the same state of decomposition of the dang. Thus, the potato requires less in the fir3t stages of its growth than the turnip, and hence it is not necessary to subject the ma nure to be applied to the same degree of fermentation. Eut since guano, bone dust and other portable manures became available for tar nip and other crops that require immediate manunai action, it has been a well estab lished rule that farm yard manure had better be used before it has lost any of its fertilizing constituents, and that when kept for any length of time (a3 in practice it must be) it should be preserved as much as possible in the same condition as when it was taken from the stables, cow-stalls and piggeries. The common practice of carrying dung and utter daily from the various farm buildiEgs to an open pit occasions the losi of a considerable portion of its most valuable elements, and produces other chemical chsn'es than those which con tribute to fertilization. Fertility Restored by Cultivation. An Anrelius (X. Y.) correspondent of the Country Gentlemen writes: i bave read with much interest the recent articles in your paper on the lost fertility of the the soil and clover sickness. For what 11 may be worth, let me state my own ob servation and part of my experience. ibe iarm 1 row own and manage comprises ninety-five acres, being part of a l'SOacre farm, which was divided in 1S4. rre vious to the year 1803 the farm was owned by a man who was a thorough farmer, and the soil had careful cultUatioo, resulting in good paying crops or ail kinds, partica iarly of wheat and clover, with no other fertilizing than the yearly supply of farm yard manure and the use of plaster on the clover crops at the rate of two and one hal bushels to the acre. After 1SOS. a eon of the former owner had the management of the farm, and farmed it the same ss his father in all respects, ex cept the thorough cultivation, and after two or three years I began to see a failure in the crops of all kinds. In the year 1S7 t, the farm was divided by selling to two par ties ninety-live acres to one and sixty-five to the other and the method of farming was not improved by the new owners. In the year WO I purchased the nioety-Sve acres, and the sixty-five acres are owned and managed bv the same person who bought them in 1874. Aa to my own experience, I will say that for the lirst two or three years I was not successful in getting good crops, and I resorted to fertilizers, together with the farm yard manure and the continued use of plaster. The use of plaster I still think benefits the clover crop; the farm yard manure always benefits; as to the commercial fertilizers, I have not used any ia two years. When I did use them I failed to get anv benefit most of the time. I r ow think I have brought the ninetyfive acres bacc to the täte of fertility it possessed In 1&03, by thorough cultivation; and what proves it to me is this: Last year I had a field of wheat adjoining a simi'ar field on the sixty-five acres; both had the same kind cf soil. I harvested thirty-six bushels prr acre and my neighbor not quite twenty. Owing to the rains (the woisr ever known for harvest in this country), I think I lost from three to four bushels per acre, while pay neighbor,

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whose crop was lighter and later, did not lose much from this cause. Aa to the clover sickness spoken of in several articles. I can not agree with the writers; and yet, had I read such articles along from 1S72 to 1S30, 1 might have been led to believe such statements. At the J resent time, on the sixty-five acres (where have known two tons of clover hay cat per acre rrany times, previous to the preFent method of farminclit looks as if land were clover Bick. The past year I cut two and one-fourth tons of clover and timothy bay to the acre, and several buyers would not take it, as they eaid thera was not enough timothy in it to make it marketable. I think it was certainly twothirds clover. I will not say that there 13 no such thing as "lost fertility," or "clover sicknesr." Theie may be, on soils that I am rot acquainted with; but with me I feel certain that thorough cultivation has restored lost fertility and cured clover sickness since the year 1879. It goes to show that we do not all have the same kind of soil, nor the same climatic or other influences; and therefore we are not competent to advise each other as to the best methods of managing oar lands. Classification ot iireeds or FlS. I American Agriculturist. There has been great confusion in the names of these, owing to their being called after the diflerent counties, towns and estates where bred, although differing little or nothing in color or characteristics. In consequence of this, the agricultural socie ties in Great Uritain bave recently determiced to put an end to these numerous nam e.a. and now reduce the whole to about eight classes. They have taken all the white swine cf the kingdom and amalgamated them into three breeds, designating them as 'Larae Whites," "Middle Whites" and "Small Whites." In tne same manner they have i.amed the black swine, although there ia not so great a difference in the respective weights as with the whites. The three former vary, full grown, from about 1.09 to JC0 iounls. Some few have atlained still larger weights, even a3 high as 1,:J00 pounds; but the pork of such is coarse and cf inferior ouality, and therefore latterly avoided. The three latter vary, lull-grown, only aoout u to tWJ pounds. la consequence ot their being more particularly adopted to turn oat ten der, lean, luicy hani3 and shoulders for smoking, and side-pieces for bacon, the Berkshire and the Tamworth breeds are to be kept distinct as now: for the former have more or less while min tied with their black, and the Taaiworta reddish-brown spots on a rather dirty whiie-gronnd. The latter are supposed to be descended from the large, old, original L-erksaires, before the new improved breed was formed by crossing trem with the b:ame3e, for they ere marked like them, and still grow, when kept to full maturity, to their ereat weight of HjO to l.CoO pounds, or, m a few instances, etiil heavier; but it generally takes from two to two and a half yean to attain such growth. The Improved UrtrksUire matures at twelve to eighteen months, and then varies from o')0 to 0 pounds; a few, though rarely, attain 700 pounds. We wish the above classitications of tbe breeds of swine could be adopted by our own agri cultural societies. Protecting tlia UrupeCrop, ll'hiladelphia Record. Since the rot first made its appearance on grapes many experiments have been made in order not only to prevent its rav ages, but to stamp out the disease; and, although the damage is annually reduced, yet it is still a formidablo enemy to the grape grower. As the work around the vines must be done early, no time can now be lost. All the old wood or decayed rubbish around the vines muät ba iestroyed by lire, and the ground made perfectly clean before it 6hall be plowed or disturbed, then saturated with a solution of copperas, which is prepared by dissolving one pound of copt-eras in six gallons of lime water. As the disease is propagated by diseased berries, the work does not cease until the end of the season, so every berry that shows the shghest signs of at tack must be thrown into the Ere and com pletely consumed. It will not do to bury the berries, or attempt to destroy them in any other manner. This work will be very laborious, but every year thereafter tha cases will be fewer and the work will decrease. If all the growers in a community would act together it would be to their mutual advantage. Wet weather is very favorable to the rot, as it ha3 been noticed that its ravages are not so great duriug periods of drought. The 6ucces3 attending the bagging ot grspas is due to the fact that the clusters are kept dry, but the bag ging of the grapes must bs done just as soon as the young clusters shall have been formed, as it will not do to postpone the work till later. In some sections resort is had to roof ing the vines with board3 or muslin, which method has proved successful. The grape rot is a disease which 13 annually propa gated; by spores, and to destroy these spores ia to prevent the spread of the disease; but It may require several seasons before the disease can be entirely destroyed. The proper fertilization of the crop is also an other important matter, aa well as good cal tivation. The grape crop Is a very valuable one, as lees labor is required in the vine yard, when free from disease, than is nece3' sary for grain crops, while the profits are much larger. It payp, therefore, to make every attempt to prevent the rot, and al grape-grower3 should unite in the effort. KECIPE3. A Novel Plum Pudding. Oae pound rrathed boiled carrots, or potatoes (carrots are better), one pound beef suet chopped fine, one pound of flour mixed with molasses, one pound of dried currents, ons teaspoonful of ground cloves, one teaspoonf ul of ground allspice, one teaspoonf nl of grated nutmeg, and a little salt. Boil for three and a half hours. Scones. rut two pounds of Hour in a bowl and add salt to taste. Mike a hole in the middle of the flonr and stir in, gently, one quart of sour milk in which has been dissolved half a teaspoonful of crean tartar and one teaspoonfal of soda. The dough should be thick enough to be lifted on the pa: t aboard and rolled into the shape of the pan. It must not be kneaded. Bake in a hot oven. Beef Fritters. Beef fritters are nice for breakfast. ChoD pieces of steak or cold roast beef very line. Make a batter of flonr, m lk and an egg and mix tbe meat with it. 1'ut a lump of butter into a saucepan, let it melt, then drop the batter into it from a large spoon, r'ry until brown ; season with pepper and salt and a little parley. Jellied Chicken Boil a chicken until the meat slips easily from the bones, then reduce the liquor In which it has been boiled to about one pint. Pick off the meat in good sized pieces, taking ont all the fat and bones. Skim the fat from the liquor, add a little butter, and pepper and salt to taste, and one-half ounce of gelatine. When the gelatine is dissolved bring the liquor almost to a boiling point, and then pour it over the chicken. Season the liquor very highly, as the chicken absorbs much of the flavor. Rose Jelly. Odc box of gelatine soaked in a pint of cold water, juice of four lemons, two cups of sugar; add to this one quart of boiling water, beat to a froth the whites of ten e?gi. then strain the boiling water and gelatine over the eggs and beat until it congeals; flavor with vanilla; color halt of this mixture with extract of strawberry, put the pink on top and serve with rich cream sweetened and flavored with vanilla or boiled custard. Orange Snow. One ounce of. isinglass dissolved in a pint of boiling water; when it is dissolved strain it, and let it stand until it ia nearly cold ; then mix with it the juice of six oranges and one lemon, the whites ol three eggs, and sugar to taste;

whisk the whole together until it is white and looks like a sponge; put it into a mold and turn it out the following day. Place the mold on ice or in some very cold place.

HOUSEHOLD HINT?, Simplest polish for oiled furniture: Rub with a woolen cloth saturated slightly with oil. If salt be sprinkled around the edges of a carpet when on the floor it will keep away moths. White paint that has become discolored may be nicely cleaned by using a little whiting in the water while washing. Never wet the hair if you have any tendency to deafness; wear an o!led-s:lk cap when bathing, and refrain from diving. A piece of pointed whalebone or pine wood is nice to clean out corners. Wash your windows with sponge and polish with tissue paper. Clean lamp chimneys by holding them over the spout of a teakettle full of boiling water; then wipe with a clean cloth. It will make them beautifully clear. To make a good liquid glue, put one ounce of borax into t pint of boiling water. add two ounces of shellac and boil until the shellac is dissolved. Bottle for use. To take spots of paint oil wood, lay a thick coating of lime and soda mixed together over it, letting it stay twenty-four hours; then wathofl with warm water, and t he spot will have disappeared. Ink spots may be taken out of white goods by soaking and rubbing tho spots ia sweet milk. Keep coffee by itself, as its odor affects other articles. Keep tea in a closed chest j or canister. It is said if feather-beds and pillows be left out in a drenching rain every spring, and afterward exposed to the sun and air on every side until dry, they will be much freshened and lightened. In heart disease special treatment should be avoided as much Z3 possible. General toning up ot the Bystem, cheerfulness and avoidance of strong eicitement of every kind are the surest of all remedies. Steel knives, which are not in general r.jLiay be kept from ru3tingif they be d:pred in a strong solution cf soda, one pait of water to four cf soda, then wipe dry, roll in flannel and keep in a dry place. Keen cut flower3 fresh for several days ly filling a vase with clean sand, to which should be added a liberal supply of powdered charcoal. Imbed the stems of the bouquet in this and water occasionally. Saleratna is great for removing grease from woodwork which has not been paint ed. Spread thickly over the grease spots, moisten, and after it hes remained a halfhour wash olfwith tepid soapsuds. Silver becoming black may be avoidel by keeping that which ia not often used in canton flannel bags, with small bags about tte size 0: a thimble hlled with bus of gum-camphor packed in around the articles. Never put milk, fat cr any oily substance into the ear for the relief of pain, for they soon become rancid and tend to incite inGamraatiou. Simple warm water will answer the purpose better than anything else. Tor mildew pour a quart of toiling watsr on an ounce ot chloride of lime. When it is dissolved add tbree quarts of cold water. Into this put the garment and let it soak twelve hours. If not very bad, the spats will come out in lcs3 time. Rubber ring?, such as are U3ed oa fruit cans, often become hard and brittle. They can often be restored by letting1 them lie ia water in which you have put a little ammonia. Mix in this proportion, one part ammonia and two parts water. Sometimes they do not need to lie in this more than five minutes, but frequently a half hour is needed to restore their elasticity. A nice way to freshen old-fashioned silk, making it look like new surah, is to spinge it carefully with strong coflce. While damp, lay it wrong side up on an ironingboard, and place paper over it; then pre33 with a warm iron. lie sure the coflee is per fectly settled until clear before using. This is also good to freshen black lace, cashmere, ribbon and alpaca. Uoston Uudget. FA It 31 J.-OT13. Corn that is in the least degree affected by rust should never be used. Farmers are reported to conaume 33,000 tons ot twine per year on self-binding har vester3. For an early beet the eclipse is the best. It should be grown on old ground to get the best result3. Roses of all kinds delight in high living and sunshine, ion can not starve them into their best behavior. Avoid strong food with your breeding sows, as it inflames the blood and produces a feverish condition. Quiet a kicking cow simply by putting strap in her mouth and buckling it tightly Demnd her horns. Tree-planting fcr rroEt or for adornment requires care and discrimination, aa much as raising crops or flocks and herds. The most beautiful white tea rose is the bride. It thrives well ont of doors so does its other self, Catherine Alermet (pink.) Save the soapsuds. Tour them over the manure heap. They will not only add to the value of the manure, but assist in pre Tenting the escape of ammonia. Carrot seed can be put into the ground just as soon as the soil can be worked. In fact, the earlier the better, and we mast get the young plants up before hot weather. 10 make a ton 01 corniodder worth as much as the same weight of timothy hay, add to tbe corniodder ÖOO pounds of crrain food. This will balance the account for value. A Vermont farmer plants a sunflower seed instead of a pole to each hill of beans. The sturdy stalk answers for a pole, and the seeds supply an excellent feed for poultry. The vine that bears the prettiest fruit 1ti3 heterophylla. Its berries are like wax, and as they ripen we may often see upon the same raceme green, pink aad blue. Kitrate of soda is the best fertilizer I early use if the soil is deficient in nlt-o-gen. It is a very soluble substance, aad plants appropriate it very easily. It also performs a chemical service in the soil. and supplies soda as well as nitrogen. It may be mixed with any other kind of fer tilizer. As a tribute to the despised daisies, isaturallst Pringle savs they are not hal. appreciated. They never fall in a dry season, and they grow and thrive on soi'u where other forage plants could not exit. uut early, and cured quietly, they are sweet and nutritious for cattle and horses and all kinds of stock eat them with a rel ish. If you have old trees that have failed to yield profitable crops of fruit, dig the soil np thoroughly and then apply a good dressing of well-rotted stable manure and work thoroughly into the soil. Then, if you have them, apply a dressing of wood ashes. If these fail to revive tho trees, after giving a good pruning, it is about past redemption, and should give way to something better. There is time in spring on ground entirely naked to bow oata or some other rapidly growirg vegetable, to be turned under In May as a green manure. Oats are probably best for this purpose, and in most cases a good seeding will cost little money. At the height of eight or ten inches, which tbey will speedily reach in fair Boil, they furnish an amount of plant food evenly distributed oyer (he surface that can cot be

got in any other way so cheaply, and the

fertility thus obtained is Immediately available. If phosphate or other concentrated manure be drilled in with the oats it will benefit the succeeding crop even more than if saved and applied to that directly. The first planting of anything In spring should be covered very lightly. While the soil is cold from deep freezing or ice water duriDg winter the sun warms it only a little below the surface. There is always moisture enough in early spring to bring seeds up, and once they are germinated the plants will give their roots all the needed covering by striking down into the soil when this is better for their growth. USING UP THE SCRAPS. Xothlng Allowed to Go to Waste in These Days of Katerprise. I Baltimore Sun. Every resident can recollect the immense piles of waste tin from the can shops that used to glitter in the hollows of East Baltimore and upon every dump in that section a dozen years ago. The first use of this waste was by a poor man from the North, who obtained permission to Eet up a machine in Smith A: Wick's can shop in this city. Here he bought scraps for almost nothing, and cut ont tin button stock to send East. Afterward the stamps for shaping the buttons were introduced, and the individual reaped t large fortune from his enterprise. The next use of tin scraps was for tmelting. The tin at first refused to flow when subiected to the heat of the furnace. It was discovered that it would pay to cut the tin coating chemically, and that the sheet iron would then smelt and flow. Out of this grew the manufacture of sashw eights, end few of them are now found that are not matie from tin scrap. Several foundries use all that is made. The scrap was pounded into wads by stamping it in arge buckets. A most interesting feature of all busi nesses using leather is that not one particle of the leather is wasted. Oar shoe fac tories alone sell annually fifty toü3 of waste. This goes mainlv to a hrm in Philadelphia, who pay $7 a ten for it. A arge amount is sent to Lynn, ilass., and other points, where the leather is ground up, mixed with a medium, and pressed into buttons, lhe remainder that 13 not co usd 13 treated chemically, turned into a gelatinous mass, dried, and rrrouad into fertilizing dust. The sole leather pieces that fall from the block of the heel stamper are sorted into two heaps. The very small pieces are put with the fine waste. The scraps, presenting a surface of a couple of square inches, are Darrt! led up and sold to parties in .New lorn or iJosion at one cent a pound, where thc-v are pnt through a peculiar machine. This iE3frament splits the pieces nearly through. I hen it open3 the piece thus cut use a boos. lhence it Is delivered from between rollers, and is large enough to be again sent to the factory to be cut up into heel lilts. Ihere is another small but important m destry which goes to prove ho w ordinary wastes of business may b turned to ac count. This is a work of long standing, though not generally known. In every photograph galJerv there 13 annually a Jaree amount of waste silvered paoer. This :s all thrown into a box, and is boushtor exchanged for nitrate of silver. The conv paratively small amount collected in one gallery aggregates a great mass when all the galleries are considered, this paper is burned, and the silver that is extracted from the residue pavs sulliciently at least for a good living. The time wa3, not very remote, too. when the coal tar from gas honse3 was a nuisance in every harbor, Now every bit of tbe tar is utilized, and some of the finest dyes ever known are made from it. FREE RUM IN PROVIDENCE. All the Evils of Liquor Sellin Without the Income ot License. New York Sun Speclal.1 "Since election prohibition, which was farcical enough before, has become a complete mockery, and free rum reigns in Providence and throughout the State, wherever rum has been sold, for there are a few places in Ilhode Island in which pub lic sentiment has not for many years per mitted the sale of liquor. There is.reason to believe, upon estimates made by compe tent authority, that liquor is sold in more places than before prohibition was en grafted on the 8tat9 Constitution. The open bar-rooms were in many instances closed when the prohibitory law was nom inally rut in force, and a number of tbe more respectable dealers em igrated to other cities, while others remained to carry on the battle which has resulted so successfully. Eut the club-rooms andkitchen.bar-rooms, as thev are called, sprang into existence with tbe profusion of weeds, and a score of club-rooms could be counted on one block near the center of the city. One individual, who up to the prohibitory period had seldom seen a dollar ahead of present necessities, saved about S.OOO in a lew months from the profits of a drinking club of which he was the proprietor, and his was not a solitary Instance. Ihese club-rooms being private concerns, with admittance only for members and their trustworthy friends, are beyond the reach of the police. and no attempt has been made to inter fere with them, in this city at least. Th e spotters also have proved such disgraceful failures in procuring evidence of sales that the police have of late confined themselves to the prosecution ot such places oniy as could be shown to be public nuisances, owins to the number of drunkards ana disorderly persons frequenting them. Such was the situation before election. Since election it has been interesting to observe tbe emboldened attitude of the keeners cf places where liquor is sold nn der the thin veil of dealing in unprohibited beverages. Now they seem to consider it no longer necessary to conceal their actual traffic, and they conduct themselves very much as in the times when licenses were obtainable. At present, therefore, the people of Prov idence and other cities and larger towns bave free rum in place of license ,ana an the evils of the liquor traffic without the income and power of control which license aflorded. The year'a experience may not be as conclusive as to the impracticability of prohibition as a ten or twenty years trial would be, but it has been just as, ef fective In settling the question among tne sober, common-sense people of the commu nity. The General Assembly can not repeal prohibition, but that body can take constitutional steps toward its repeal, and this will undoubtedly be among its earliest movements A Murderous Attack. Cincinnati, April 2G. llenry Heile, liv ing with his wife and two young children at CIS Sycamore street, this morning made a murderous attack on his wife with a hatchet fellinc her to the floor. He then went to the bed where the children were hing and aimed a blow at them. The mother, recovering consciousness in time to see the dancer, threw herself between tne descending weapon and her children. The blade struck her thick roll of hair, thus breaking its force. Her husband then for a moment desisted, while his wife threw open the window ana screamed ior help. This seemed to frighten her husband, who dropped the hatchet, fled to the kitchen, where he cut his throat with a butcher knife, ilr. Heile has been mildly insane for nearly a year. Layman (to minister) The bad weather keens a good many people away from church. I suppose, iir. Goodman? Minis ter Y ; but bad weather doesn't keep as many away from church as the contri bution-box does, my brother. John L. Sullivan sails from Ean Fran cisco on October 1, with Pat Sheedy and one other, for Australia, where he wants to arrive for tbe opening of the racing season in November,

WOMEN AS SPECULATORS.

Their Jadtnent Sometimes Dlicoants That of Their Lord and Master. (Kew York Tribune. There is some gossip afloat just now about the success attending women who take -iflyers" in Wall street. Brokers say that as a rule women have le33 idea of what they want to do in the way of speculating or buying securities than men have. They go into it blindly and trust the Drover, wno is ceneraiiy more careful in giving them advice than with his own sex. A broker showed yesterday a list cf securities that he was about to deposit in the strong box of a safe deposit company for one of his feminine customers, the value of which was almost $150,000. The owner is the keeper of a furniehed-room house up town, wnose hrst v an street investment was made about two years ago on a capital of 11,000. There is a medium-sized, blackeyed, black-haired, active woman seen frequently about Wall street in these days, whose volubility of tongue m discussing ccal and iron properties in the Northwest and the new South is frequently demon strated, who is said to have cleared $10,0" or $"0,000 in the last year. She is a "brokeress," who carries her office in her sachel and looks for customers among her own acquaintances. In talking about women who have dab bled in speculation, a story is told of a Southern woman whose husband went wild over the Tennessee coal and iron stock last December just before it had the bis drop. The wife had brought her husband a considerable property at their marriage and generously turned it all over to his disposition. Her judgment wes against the buying of the stock m which he had become interested. Sha had a fair bank account of her own, and when she found that he was determined to buy the stock at a high price she crew cut every collar she had and sold the stock short. lie came home three or four nights afterward with a face as long as the moral Jaw and a disposition to commit sui cide. It was quickly changed to rejoicing when his wife showed him a note from her broker announcing the closing of her transactions with a pront doable the amount which her hustand had lost. He has sworn olT on stock speculation, and they sailed not long ago on a pleasure trip to the Eur mud ss. NO MONEY IN POLITICS. Dudley's Philosophy, Iiis Opinion of Ills Successor and Cleveland's Chances. IWashicgtcn SpecI.U.l I met Colonel Dudley, the well-known ex-Commissioner of Pensions, Saturday. He was oa the eve of his departure West, wbere he has eecured the contract to build a Eve-mile cable road at St. Paul, Minn, lie said : ''I am going West to try and make seme money. Yon know a3 well as any rnaa how I have gotten along in the last twelve years. I have made no money, and the reason is simply because I have been ia politics. Jly case is more than a fair il lustration. I have been about as saccessfulm politics ts most men, and a great deal more than many. I have held very pood public olhccs for many years and still I have lived from hand to mouth. It costs money to get and keep political oliices, and it does not pay. Yes, sir, I have made up my mind to Btay out of politics in the future. I am eatistied in my experience of tbe last two years that I can make twice as much monev m engaging in private business pursuits." "Hut tell me before you go, will Cleve land succeed himself?" "lie will for the nomination. You boys are in the hole. Ycu will have to so for Cleveland whether you want to or not. It is your only way out. To defeat him in convention would be aa admission to the country that your first President in a quarter of a century was a failure." "What do you think of General Clack, your successor ?" "I do not care to say only this: iJiacK is as much a partisan Commissioner of Tensions as it was charged I was. The only dillerence is that I did favors and acts openly and above beard for my party friends and party that he is doing under cover. I was not afraid to stand Dy and help my party friends 5n an open manner, under any and all circumstances. The men here, now running the Government, as yon well know, are afraid to appoint a party mend to an othce and sav frankly the ap' pointment was made because the appointed man was a uemocrat. i nave studied poi itics the best part of my life, and I do not believe that any party can long hold power that refuses to stand by and encourage tha men who placed them in power.'" JohuT. Raymond's Name. Buffalo Special to New YorkSun.l Octogenarian Joe Hivers, of the Academy cf Music, wes reeling off rerniniicences of John T. Itaymond, when he was asked how the dead actor came to assume that name He said, in a musing way: "Jtavmond s father was John U linen, a clever fellow, who worked in a wig store and barber Ehop on State street in Koch ester. That was as long ago as 1S28. John came here about lSo2, when EuflaJo was a wee bit of a place com pared with what it is now, and the people were poor, mere were two pretty gins who lived with their mother oa reacocs street, which was a very respectable thoroughfare then, and they helped ber in a laundry which she ran. John u .rien married one of the girls and Steve Thome, a detective, captured the other. John T. O'Brien, or Raymond, was the first born At that time Tim icaymona and myseii were actors, and gave a very clever ma gician act, better than some i see now adavs. "We were playing in the Kremlin Mnseum and fother places. John O'llrien took quite a shine to my partner, and the boy adopted his name when ne went on the stage." The liking for snrpliced choirs, or "vested" choirs, as they are now beginning to be called, is rapidly becoming a custom in the Episcopal church. Moreover, this style of choir, though of course without the surplices, is also beginning to ne tnea in many non-Episcopal Protestant churches with somewhat doubtful success. The fact is, as an accomplished musician eaid the other day, a choir of men and boys if not very good is simply intolerable; and it is no exaggeration to say that a large percentage of those now in existence are not good, and in the nature of the case can not possibly be good. It is well, therefore, that the average church-goer ia not a cultivated musician, Ior if he were he would often Buffer the mcst excruciating agonywhen he went ;o church. Chicago Times A. O. EabeL the famons "Cwboy pianist," will apptar at the Eden Mmae every day and night tsis week. He is a musical prodigy whose playing is a marvel of skill and taste. . The clever. Irish comedians Murphy and Murray, will be at English's next Friday and Saturday in their well-known comedy, "Our Irish Visitors." To Dislodge the Enemy, Wben it takes the form cf disease of thekidni or bladder. Is a task well nigh impossible of ac complUhment. Kenal and vesical maladies are more obstinate than any others. -Counteract, therefore, the earliest indications of inactivity of the many organs with Hostetter'g Stomach Eitters, which possesses, among other excellent qualities, thcte of an efficient diuretic. The degree of stimulation apparent from Its use reaches, but never goes beyond the bounds of safety. It Invigorates always, never Irritates. Erlght's disease, diabetes, catarrh of the bladder, are diseases successfully combatted In their inclpicncy with this benign medicinal stimulant and tonic. Besides reinforcing and regulating; the kidneys and bladder, tbe Eitters Is a peeifie foe feycr and ague constipation and 5jlps:a, .

R, R. R. RADWAY'3 READY RELIEF The Cheapest and Best Medicine for family Us la the World.

Bore Throat, Colds, Coughs, Inflammation, Sciatica, Lumbago Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Headache, Toothache; hervousness, Diphtheria, Influenza, Difficult Breathlnz,' Cored and Prevented ty Radway s Ready Relief,' THE ONLY PAIN REMEDY That instantly stops tne most excrnclitlni P&Idr, allays Inflammation and eure Con gestion whether of the Lungs, Stomach. BowelCi or other glands or organs, by one application, H FROM ONE TO TWENTY SUMTES! No matter how violent or excruciating the paiua the Khcnmatic Bed-ridden. Infirm, Crippledt KervouB, Neuralgic, or prostrated with diseaso may suSer, Radwavs Ready Relief WILL AFFORD INST AXT EASE. InCitninitlOH of the Kidneys, Infl&arattJon c2 the Bladder, Inflammation cf the Bowels, Concestioa of tho Lungs, bore Throat, Ii25culS lireathirp, Palpitation of the Heart. Hysterics, Croup. L'iyihthfcrJa, Catarrh. Inüuenza, Headtobe, Toothache, Neuralgia, Rr-cusutiem, Cold ChiliS, A cue Chills. Chilblain. yroRtbitpn. Nervousness, Sleeplessness. The application of me Keady Relief to tho part or parts where the difficulty or paia exists win auora in&i&ni ease and comiort. thirty to sixty firons in half a tumbler of water will in a few minutes cure Cramns, Sourfcicmacn, flfiartbnrn. Kick Headache. Diarrhea. Dysentery, Colic. Wind in tha Bowels, and all internal pains. MALARIA CHILL3 AXD FEVER. FEVER AND AGUE CONQUJO). Radway's Ready Relief Not only carts the patient sciied with this ter rible foe to settlers in newly-6ettled districts, where tbe malaria ol asrie exists, but If people exposed to it will, every raornicz. on tottinz out of bed take twenty or thirty drops of tbe Ready Kelief Id a glas of water, end drink it, and cat, say a cracker, they will escape at tccks. For the prevention and cure of this disease alone Kd way's Ready Relief and Pills aro woriü a farm to every settler. No home or family should be without these remeiies. PREVENTION. Hudson River Br'k Mfo Co., VEBH.ANK POIXT, N. X". Dr. Radway My family are in the habit of trusting entirely to your Ready Relief aad Pills as our household medicin e, rarely requiring any other medical aid. I myself follow closely your directions in takine Keady Relief as a preventive for Chills and fever, say a teaspoonful in some water before my breakfast ou aa empty Momach, when I vibit ray yani, as I atnacct'iemed to do at that tiaie. The re&u'.t is a r.;:ect success, as I never take the fever, it'-iough I am located in a most malarious district, In which few of the residents escape makrtous attack", particularly of Chills and Fever. My men and those wao have come from Mr. Frofct's yard experience the same bene3cial effects by following a like precaution as mvbelfi Very truly yours, JOHX MORTON, Proprietor. A CURE OF CHILLS AND FEVER. Dr. Radway Sir: They (Hadway's Ready Secured me of Chills an2 lief and Tills) have Fever. Poolsville.Ind. JAMES L. GILL. Fever and Asrue cured for 50 cents, There is not a remedial agent in this world that wlli cure Fever and A true and all other malarious, bilious, scarlet, typhoid, yellow and other fevero (aided by Radwav s Fills) eo quickly as Bad way's Bead; Belief. FIFTY CENTS PER BOTTLE.' Bold bv Drccelets DR. 4 RADWAVS Sarsaüarillian Resolvent The Great Blood Purifier, For the Cure of All Chronic Disease Chronics Eheurattlsm, Bcrcfola, PrThilitJfl . Complaint, etc.. Glandular Swelling, "Hackii.B Dry Cough, Cancerous Affections, Weeding of the Lungs, Dyepervsia, Water Brash, Whita Swelling, Tumors, Pimples, Blotches, Eruptions of the Face, Ulcers, Hip Disease, Gout, Dropsy, Rickets, Salt Rheum, Bronchitis, Consumption, Liver Complaints, etc HEALTH! BEAUTY! Pure Elood makes sound flesh, strong boroN and a clear skin. If you would hare your Cesl. firm, your bones found, witfiout caries, and your complexion fair, nse RADWAY'S SARSA PARI i man RJESOL WEST. THE SKIN, Altera few days' use of the SAr-sAr-AEiims, becomes clear and beautiful. Pimples, Blotches, Black Spots and Skin Eruptions removed. Soreuand ulcers soon cured. Persons sufferlne from Scrofula, Eruptive Diseases of the Eyes, Mouth, Kara, Legs, Throat and Glands, that have accumulated and spread, either from uncured diseases or mercury, may rely upon a cure if tho arsararilla is continued a fcuCicient time to make its impression upon the system. The wonderful cures effected Dy tne Bars partllisn Resolvent of Kidney, Bladder, Ovarian and Urinary Disease, its marvelous power ia dissolving stone and calculous concretions, curing gravel, gleet and discharges from the genital glands; its power over the Kidneys In establishlug a healthy secretion ot urine, curing Diabetes, Inflammation or Irritation of the Bladder, Albuminous or Brick Dust Deposits or Deposits ol White Band, etc., establish its character, aa A GREAT CONSTITUTIONAL REMUJY, Dr. Ritkay's SarsaparllJiaa Resolvent A remedy composed of ingredients of extra ordinary medical properties, essential to purify, heal, repair and invigorate the broken aown and wasted body. Quick, pleasant, safe and permanent in its treatment and cure. Sold by all Druggists, ONE DOLLAR PER BOTTLE RADWAY'S PILLS. The Great Liver and Stomach Remedy.'. Perfectly tasteless, elegantly coated witti Fweet gum, pnree, regelate, purity, cleanse andstrengthen. RADWAY'S PILLS, for the cure ot all Disorders of the Stomach, Liver, Bowels, . Kidneys, Bladder, Nervous Diseases, Constipa tion, Costiveness, Indigestion. Dyspepsia, Eil liousness, Fever, Inflammation of the Bowels,. Piles, and all derangements of the internal viscera. Purely vegetable, containing no mercury, minerals, or deleterioui druss. PERFECT CURE. Will be accomplished by taking one of Bad--way's rills every morning, about 10 o'clock, aa t dinner pilL By bo doing SICK HEADACHE. n w M.. TM1I fill Wt iwcnatut f nn i mm mi n . ri i innHTifiia vi 1 1 1 1 11 1 avoided and the food that Is eaten contribute its nourishing pro pert! en for the support of the nat- -ural waste of the body. MObserve the following tymptomi resulting, from Disease of the Digestive Organi: Constipa tion. Inward Piles, FuLneaaof the Blood in the Head, Acidity of the stomach, Vansea, Heartburn, Disgust of Food, Fullness or Weight In tho Btocach, Sour Eructations, Sinking or Fluttering oi the Heart, Choking or Suffocating Sensations when in a lying posture, Dlmneea ot Vision, Dota or Webs before the Bight, Fever and Dull Pain in the Head, Deficiency of Perspiration, Yellowness of the Ekln and Eyes, Paia la the Bide, ortest, umu ana eaaaen juusnt o Heat, Burning In the Flesh. A few dosea ol RADWAY' 8 PILLS will Ire thelyitem of all the above named disorders. Price 25 centi per box. Sold by all drugglstl,' Bend a letter stamp to DR. RADWAY s 00 Ko. 82 Warren street. New York. ii m i i ii a.w . v .... v. . wfTi ha uiil to reo TO THE PUBLIC. Be anra and ask for RADWAT'8. and tea tAtr I the 'RAD WAY" U on what joa,buy,- A