Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 33, Number 5, Indianapolis, Marion County, 2 March 1887 — Page 6

THE INDIANA STATE SENTINEL WEDNESDAY MARCH 2 1887

THE FARM BUDGET.

Pciito GrcTvir? Eirly Pasture Improve the Ti:ry Cowj Rod Top. Fpei of Hog Cholera Kicking Cows Attractive Dome- Spring Cleaning Honsefcolil II Int Rerlpe Karra Nute. Potato Growlog. I worn-spoiKJcuce iTactical Farun-r. The beat crops ol potatoes that I ha?e ever Men have invariabl' been planted on soils vary icg between a sandy and a clay loam. On heavy land, especially when not underdrained, the crops have been poor and unproductive, the seed often rotting in the ground and not comins: up, except in occasional spots. Such land designed for potatots should be. thoroughly drained with tiles, as the cost will in the end b9 much less than that resulting from an entire failure of the potatoes. If the farm is so situated that a fart of the soil is heavy and the other part ight, the owner would do well to select the toil which i j not quite heavy enough to need d rain in e for his potato eld, and in dry or wet season fce will then stand a gooi chance of raising a successful crop. The ground will ;:eed to be finely pulverised with the plow and harrow before tbe Beed is put in. Fall plowing for potatoes will not be of much benefit; it remains, however, optional with the farmer, for it will do no harm. The ground can be worked over in the spring, until it is devoid of all lumps and sod3. Flow deeply, as a deep soil, deeply plowed, ie undoubtedly best for potato growing. In the selection and cutting of seeds there is one infallible rule to follow thit I hive found applies in almost all cases, t-'elect the potato, with respect to size and ;aality, that cone the nearest to your idea', ot potatoes; that is, take the medium and large potatoes for your seed, aiid not tLe small ones or the exclusively large ones only. If & whole large potato and a whole small one are planted at the same time there will be no appreciable difference in the size of the yield. The best yield is obtained when the half of a good, rr.edium-sized potato is used for seed, if not selected at digging time the preceding summer they Ebould be picked out at ozce, and placed in a dark place where the sprouts will have a chance to start. Potatoes for seed should be cut on the day cf planting, and not several days beforehand. When kept even for a day considerable risk is run by the firmer. Cut only as many as are needed for one day's planting, and thoEe that are left over leed to the cattle, rather than use them for seed. More loss from potato growing is caused by this than many imagine, and experience has taught large erowers that they can not afford to run the risk that is involved in the work, even though it saves time and labor. JIanuriDg the potato Celd properly requires judgment and experience. The soils of farms dilfer eo in their compositions that the mode of treatment that would apply to one feld would not answer for another. Some crops, such as corn and vines, want their manure near the top of the ground; tut potatoes can best utilize it when it is some distance down. To mix it up well With the lower soil, then, will require its application in tLe fall, so that it can leach through gradually during the winter months. The rains and snows will work It into the surface of thi soil, and the plow in the spring will tura it over and put it in the proper place for the roots of the potatoes. The manure should be well rotted before scread on the fail, 59 that none of its richness can be disipated by evaporation or blown away by the winds. If euhlcient quantities are put on the rald in the fail it will be unnecessary to spread any manure in the hills, as the roots of the potatoes wi:l surelv lind the nourishing substances, If placed low enough down for thecn. Eesides, this method saves considerable labor. The relative value of commercial fertilizers and barn-yard manure is van ously esti mated for potatoes, but the best results have been obtained from the laiter, when applied in the proper condition. It should be rotten, very rotten, and all large lumps fined down and spread evenly over the ground. Coarse fibrous substances, such a3 straw that have not been decomposed surliciently, will be blown oif the field in the winter, and a material loss occasioned in other ways. Kotten stable manure will increase the yield of potatoes every time, while commercial fertiU izers will sometimes fail on certain soils. The best way is for each farmer to experiment in his own way, using both commercial and home made fertilizers on a snail scale, and govern his actions in accordance with the result. llTly Pasture. American Agriculturist.! Early pasture, so serviceable on every farm, is to be stcurrd by sowing grasses which start early, cot by turning t he stock on the grass as soon as it is high enough, to be f razed. The grass mast make a considerable growth before it is fit for food, and the more favorable the weather, the greater the growth required. Young grass has too large a proportion of water, and when eaten by animals, physics them while affording little nutriment. It Is not uncommon to see animals turned on pasture early, lose Ii 33h. The pastures are also injnred. The ground is wet and soft, and all the grasses, except possibly blüe-grass. are impaired by the trampling they suffer. Grazed upon betcre they have made a good root growth and gathered considerable vigor, grasses are slow to start up again, and their growth is feeble. Pasturing early, therefore, h extravagant If the animals are kept on dry feed two weks longer, they will continue to gain flesh instead of losing it. A patch of rye should be town in the fall fci early spring pasture. Improve the Dairy Cows. Oilman's Rural World It Is estimated that the average yield of butter per cow in Vermont, one of the best dairy States in the Union, is 11' pound j per year, while the best farmers e;et ."and some as much as 360 pounds. The dairymen of that State consider that a cow giving only ly pounds of butter in a year is n)t profitable, but that an extra 10) poandd will be eeven eighths profit. If the cows of Vermont only give 11' pounds of butter each, per year, how much can it be expected that our Missouri co3 give Probably not over seventy-five pounds, and while It may be true that a cow in Vermont will cost more to keep than one in Missouri, there is no question but that seventyfive pounds of butter per year yield no proth. And if we take into c mslderation the lower price of dairy products here than In the Ka9t it is quite likely our cheaper feed is balanced and that our cows muyt yield quite es much here as in Vermont to be profitable. There is no reason why cows in Mia-oari can not, with good breeding and bandlin?, be made to y'i-ii-3 much as tho?e of any 6tate in thiiDn'f here are dairymen ia the State wo are making their cows yieM pood a veraas but these are rare and hard to fnd. Vl c We have-men complaining that dairying does not pay'with butter at the prices which prcrail. . "o daryicz-will pay with cows yieding but vehty-five or eighty pounds of butter per y2r, and that poorly made. But we have a market In 6L Louis, Kansas City, ht. Joseph a$d. la hundreds of inland towns for a number one article of butter at good prices. There is no question about selling &1I that will be made, and the only points to attain are sufficient quantity per cow and a good quality of product. Spread of Hog Cholera. iWestern Agriculturist.! It has been a mystery to many how the 4ease known as bog cholera could spread ' a rapidly from one neighborhood to another. Farmers who pay careful attention to the sanitary condition of their rwine are not exempt from this disease, anü it has been ion-I-OKiUe to saiactcrilj explain tte sudJea

appearance ot so-called hog cholera In herds ol swine apparently healthy. A gentleman writing the State Department of Agriculture advances a theory that the disease is epread over the country by the crows and other carrion-eating birds. It Is well known that crows will eat the ilesh of hogs that have died with disease, and the statement of Mr. Edwards, the writer of the following letter, is worthy of some consideration. Ke writes as follows: "A farmer of my acquaintance, In this locality, informed me yesterday, that while picking corn at home a few days ago he found three fragments of swine liesh in his cornfield on the ground. One fragment was about the size of a man' tbnmb, the other two pieces were smaller. The appearance of the three fragments indicated that they had been torn, not cut, from the carcass cf a hog. ".Now, as bog cholera prevailed to an alarming extent in this neighborhood, and crows abound In this locality, and the said farmer noticed crows In their Might crossing and recrosing over his field during the day, he found the fragments of llesh, he IS quite confident that these pieces of fresh swine fissb were dropped by the crows. "It would seem from the above that it is very important that all hogs dying fromdiaeease should be burned or buried immediately, in order to prevent the disease from being carried from one farm to another by crows and ether flesh-eating birds." The foregoing statement would seem to demonstrate that it is possibl and highly probable that the dread scourge of hog cholera is frequently carried from place to place by birds of prt y. lied Top. ! onespoudence Planter and ätockmau.l I have been somewhat interested in the red top discussion, and, as I have had a little experience with red top in Illinois as well as in .Missouri, I will try to give my experience briefly. In my neighborhood, in Adams County, rf d top hay was considered of little value for two reasons. Stock did not like it.

and it would not sell for but little in the Quincy maiket. I hauled some hay to uincy and have seen considerable on the market, and I know that persons having red top mixed in their loads had much more trouble to sell, and had to take about onethird less than those having pure timothy. This Mr. Stahl very well know3, as I believe he lives in Adams County. After reading the long list of seien title evidence brought forward by Mr. Stahl, I thought perhaps I, as well as liverymen and teamsters, underrated ed top for hay because it had not been cut in the proper season. This year I cut some much earlier, in order to top out a stack of clover lay. I have fed that stack ot hay and in ordir to satisfy myself I picked out some of the best, and it was nice, looking a3 red as a rose, put it with clover and timothy hay in my burses' mangers to see if they knew the dii'ertnce. They did, for the red top was It ft to the last. I had not paid much attention to red top as a graf s for pasture till this discussion commenced. Last summer I had 10) arres of pasture and five kinds of grasses; red clover, blue grass, timothy, wild bottom grass and red top all in the same pasture. I have named them In the order that the cattle preferred them. Strange as it may iaeiu the cattle preferred wild grass until It became coarse and hard, to red top. One thing I must say in favor of red top, it stoo 1 the drouth best and was green when the other grasses were dried uy. 1 f m not opposed to or prejudiced against scientists. Am willing to be convinced provided they convince the cattle too. It might be proven by some scientific process that rog wesd and cocklebir bed a great deal of nutriment in it, but to cenvince ?tock of that fact U when the rub comes in. A Cure for Kicking Cows. Tie the cow by the head, using a stout halter with a rincr, under tne chin. Get squarely behind her she can not kick you then and fasten a stout cord to the pastern of each hind foot. Run these cords forward through the halter ring, and back, coavenient to your hand when milking. When the cow lifts a foot to kick, pall the cord, thus drawing the foot toward her jaw, and tbrowirgher oft" her feet. When she gets up and attempts to kick again, repeat the pulling. Treat her kindly, but whenever she lifts a foot to kick, jerk the cord with all your might Stout, wild heifers that bad never been fed before, or had a man's hand on them, except when they were branded, were in this way broken in an hour, and never attempted to kick afterward. Slake Your Humea Attractive. I American Agriculturist. Mothers and fathers who have sons and daughters growing up,do not always realize as tte should they great necessity of making home not merely a place in whi:h their children eat, sleep, and are clothed, but one in which they find positive happiness and enjoyment. In nine cases out of ten where you see a wild youth or a giddy girl, go to their homes ; you will fi id them cheerless, unattractive, or perhaps actually disagreeable. The nature of youth is excessively restless; it has a longing for action and excitement, ambitions more or less vain, and always the irreprtssible desire to know a broader life. Impress these natural instincts, and yoa will be sure to throw them into any soe'ety that in a measure will gratify their longirgs. Your sons da not go to the public bar-rooms at first for the taste of the liquor which they have cot as yet acquired; they go for the gay companions they find there. The infiuence for good or evil that a mother has over her sons, the control that she exercises over their destinies, is a grave responsibility. Throw open your best room to the children in the evenings. Have books and a magizineor two, even if you put away lets money. Stimulate their ambition, aid invent occupations and amusement for your children. Give them games and endear yourself to them by sharing their joys and plays. Kncourage them to be affectionate. Do not with formal co!dne3s starve them for want of caresses. Spring Farm Cleaning. While the wife cleans the house, let the husband clean the farm. If vegetable matter is left about the yard, its rapid decay during the damp, warm weather of spring and summer, will poison the air and affect the health of the family. If left about the barn, lots and fields, it will have a like mfiuenca on the farm animals. Hogs are doubly liable to be injured, for they not only breathe the fouled air, but nest in-such litter. Farm cleaning will save loss from disease. The litte r has great value as a fertilizer when properly applied. The intelligent use of this manure ensures better crop3, and the farm is capable of a more thorough cultivation. And thn how much ap pearances are improved. Make a bon fire of pieces of wood, brush, stumps. etc., cot fit for fuel, and give the charcoal to the swine and the ashes to the fruit trees, Remember this work is not complete until those stumps and stones are removed which can be taken out with a reasonable amount of labor: until the trees about the hous8 and in the orchard are pruned; until the old growth la taken from rapberries, gaoselerrie, currants, e'e; until the "under brush" is cleared out of the wood-lot; until all the ditches are opened and pools drained; in short, nntu the arm is clean and neat. Conveniently enough, nearly all, or all of this work, can be done before the spring plowing Is begun. On Feed log Sheep. American Agriculturist.! After all that most careful scientlJc inves tigators may ascertain for our guidance, there is nothing equal in value to actual exterience what might be called the testi mony of the sheep. M. Moll, a noted b rench writer, thinks fine-wooled sheep reach their iiest estate in the region of the vine and the mulberry. In America I would substitute for this the latitude jadapted to Indian corn. TJii3 is to the Western farmer what the turn! d Is to the English shepherd. My experience for years in feeding sheep on fodder (which is belter in every way than fodder corn, except for nursing ewes.) has given me the highest opiaion of its value for this purnose. The silk-worm-liie c!osen?s? witn. w'njca.

they pick every shred of the foliage from the canes obviates the necessity ot cutting the stalks, which is an operation of dubious profitableness with the coarse Western corn. Eesides that, fodder has a most admirable effect on the respiratory and circulatory systems. A horse may often be cured of a mild case of heaves by the subsituation of fodder for hay in his manger, Thus, by quickening aud stimulating the circulation, fodder is better feed than hay for increasing the wool product. It is more laxtive than timothy or any other hay, except clover. A perfect ration for sheep should include at lea3t one daily feed of bright fodder; it is far preferable to rye and (beirded) wheat straw, the beards of which are liable to cause great irritation to the coats of the stomach. One winter I fed a flock of 225 young sheep, mostly yearlings, one and a half bnsaela of shelled corn and eighteen bundles of fodder per day. With a run of two or three hours a day on an old sod, they wintered remarkably well. The current local price for fodder is 10 cents a shock of forty hills. Planted in rows three feet ten inches apart, there would be thirty-three and four-fifths shocks to the acre. Four bundles make a shock. The fodder on an acre is worth The Sock consumes 45 cents per day. Of corn, at 10 cents a bushel, they require .0 cents' worth per day. They axe fed, say, four and a half months (this will allow for the diminished ration at the beginning end end of the season.) This will make their winter's supply of fodder cost $X.73. and their corn ?S1 ; total, $141.7"). This flock would have required 300 pounds of hay per day, which, at $10 a ton, would be worth $1.50. Against this, the daily ration of fodder and corn cost $1.03. The best and most economical way to employ wheat straw for sheep is in connection with fodder. HOUSEHOLD HINTS.

For oidinary bathing the foot of a coarse cotton stocking or a knitted wash-sloth made to ftt the hand like a mitten is much better than a sponge, but for the upper part of the body nothing is b?tter than the naked hand. A spoonful of oxgall to a gallon of water will set the colors of almost any goods soaked in it previous to washing. A teacup of lya in a pail of water will improve the color of black goods, napkins should lie in lye be fore being washed; it sets the color. A strong tea of common hav will preserve the color of French linen. Vinegar in the rinsing water for the pink or green calicoes will brighten them : soda answers the same end for both purple and blue. To bleach cotton cloth, take one large spoonful of salsoda and one pound of chloride of lime for thirty yards; disolve in clean, soft water; rinse the cloth thoroughly in cold, soft water so that it may not rot. This amount of cloth may be bleached in fourteen or fifteen minutes. One way of displaying small knick-knacks to advantage is to arrange them on the longlegged wooden tables, with a second circular shelf beneath, resembling tall, double milk- ! irg stools. They are very cheap, in,common white wood, and are intended to be painted. They are an improvement on the long popu lar xustic stool, mere are also little round tables (for painting) which fold together for carrying about, 'i hey can be hal in uacolor?d or in stained wood. Lia, almost square panels of stained wood are embellished with tainted floral designs, and susasnded against walls or on screens, instead of plaques. but beautifully snaded, tinted and gikted pltqucs Of larce and small size are still painted on, and gilded terra-cotta va3e3 of elegant foim. Delicate pale pink, sea greep. blue and gray plaques may be bad, on which flowers stand out most ciiectiveJy. inev are usually sunk into plush mounts. Uce of the most important reature3ora kitchen is the kitchen table, and Good Housekeeping has this to say about keeping it clean: "The ideal kitchen table is the one scrubbed to ivory whiteness, and, as scrubbing seems one of the lost arts. I will give directions for scrubbing properly To a woman whose own hands must compass all the work of the house, and who would naturally be careful of her own por sessions, I rec ommend covering the table with white enamelled cloth; it will wear a couple of yearj if neatly nailed on; boiling water will not maYk It, nor will it readily stain. If the table is to be uncovered it needs daily scrubbing to keep it white, but if scrubbed daily in the usual way it may get darker day by day. Old flannel of all kinds should be kept for scrubbing and cleaning paint undervests, drawer?, skirts, all come in for it. In England, where scrubbing is still the glory of the poorer people, cottagers vying with each other on the color of their boards, there is a coarse gray flannel made called 'house flannel,' expressly for that purpose. Next to flannel, is old, coarse, soft linen, old kitchen towels, crash, etc. So necessary to good cleaning is soft, absorbent material thr.t I would almost rather my maids destroy articles of lar more value than the scru'j cloths, because the supply is so limited." A physician In the Medical World gives the following advice to women for the improvement of their health and complexion : 'P"or the present I prescribe only for your feet. (1) Procure a quantity of woollen stockings, cot such as you buy at the store under the name of lamb s wool that you can read a newspaper through, but the kind your Aunt Jerusha in the country knit for you, that will keep your feet dry and warm, m spite of the wind and weather. (2) If you want to be thorough, change them every morning, hanging the fresh ones by the fire during the night. t3) Trocure thick calfskin boots, double uppers and triple soles, fad wear them from the 1st of October to the 1st of May ; make frequent applications of some gocd oil blacking. (4) Avoid rubbers altogether, except a pair of rubber boo's, which may be worn for a little time through the snow-drifts or a flood of water. (5) Hold the bottoms of your feet in cold water a quarter of an inch deep, just before going to bed, two or three minute?, and then rub them hard with rough towels and your naked hands. ;(0) Go out freely in all weathers, and, believe me, not only will you feet enjoy a good circulation in the lower extremities your head will be relieved of all its fulness and yon heart of all its palpitations. Your complexion will be greatly improved, and your health made better In every respect.' In an article on infant-feeding in the Lancet, Dr. F. Paget Thurstan publishes an interesting discovery that he has recently made. It has been very generally admitted that all farinaceous food should be avoided m the dietary f new-born children. Mothers are well aware that very young children can not drink pure cow's milk because it curdles in a lump in their stomachs. Certain chemical substance notably lime water must be blended with the liquid to make it digestible. These auxiliaries, however, frequently produce sickness. Some persons imagine they solve the problem by using condensed milk as infant food. Hut Dr. Thurstan points out that, though Its curd is undoubtedly more digestible than that of uncondensed mijk, the cane sugar with which it is prepared itfelf produces indigestion in a new form. So he mixes with the milk a small quantity ot farinaceous food, to secure a mechanical as opposed to a nutritive action. The particles of Bolid intermingle with the curds as they form, and thus preveut their coalescing into one large mass. Dr. Thurctan suggests as appropriate agents the crust of bread when free from alum and large quantities of potato starch or any one oi the many well-known Infants' foods. He pointed out that they should be added to the milk in such small quantities and in such minute particles that it will easilj pass through the tube of a feeding-bottle. Dr. Thurstan men tions in detail the case of a weak and ailing child whose life was saved by this method of feeding. iu:cipcs. Faked Indian Pudding. Eoil two cups ot corn-meal in a quart of water till it is almost like hasty pudding. Add one tablespoonful of butter, two cups of sugar, three eggs, and spice according to taste. Uake one hour and in a slow oven. Steamed Indian Tadding. Oae and onehalf cud sour milk, two eesrs (well beaten). one scanf teapooniul of soda dissolved in.

little warm water; stir In meal until the mixture is a little thicker than for griddle cakes; then add fruit of any kind desired, and steam (or boil ) one hour. Uae sweetened cream for sauce. Fruit Cake That Will Last a Year.r-Wash and dram well one pound of currants; chop coarsely one pound of raisins; chop, or slice, one-half pound of citron. Beat five eggs and two cups of brown sugar together; then add to them one cup of butter, one cup of molasses, one-half cup of soar milk, one teaspoonful of spices to taste. Stir into this mixture six cups of flour, reserving one-half cup to inii with the raisins, to prevent their settling to the bottom. Add fruits last. To Cake Chicken. Dismember the joints in the same manner as for stewing; lay the pieces in a shallow dish, and pour over the meat sweet cream in proportion of one-half cup to each chicken; season to taste. Caste occasionally with the liquor formed by the cream and the juice of the meat, and as fast as the pieces get browned turn them. Ereakfast Fritters. One cup of cold boiled rice, one pint of flour, one teaspoonful of salt, two eggs beaten lightly, two teaspoonfuls of baking powder stirred into the flour, and enough milk to make a thick batter. Fry like griddle cakes. Celery Sauce fcr Turkey. Coil a head of celery "until quite tender, then put it through a sieve, put the yoke of an egg in a bowl and beat it well with the strained juice of a lemon; add the celery and a couple of epoonsfsls of the liquor in which the turkey was boiled; f ait and pepper to taste. Dutch Sweetbreads. Take the strings and sinews from two pounds of lean veal, and chop it very fine, with quarter pound veal suet; soak a roll in milk and beat it light. Mix this with the veal and suet and a grate of lemon peel, pepper, salt, a very little nut

meg and two eggs, hbape lice a sweetbread, egg and breadcrumb it, fry a golden brown, and serve with thick veal gravy. Shirred eggs, cooked and served in the little dishes with feet, are one of the approved courses at a breakfast party. A delicate slice of sausage forms the base on which the egg rests, but they must be cooked separately. or the sausage will bob up through the egg. "Leghorn eggs" are in demand for this dish. Choice egs come to the dealers stamped with the name of the farm and the date of gathering. l ayer Cake. Mix one cup of su-rar with a piece of butter the size of an egg, one cup of mux, one well-beaten egg and enough hour to make a rather stiff batter, sifting one heaping teaspoonful of bakinr-flour with the flour. Cake in three pans, and for the filling mix one cup of sugar with the jnice and err a toil rinH tf a lomnn K ran f oao rtnn Fn I j rt corn starch mixed with . a little water and a cup of hot water. Eoil until thick and spread on the cakes. Macaroons. One nnnnd of swepf almrmita blanched and hfatn tri a ntntp- mix wirh them one and a quarter pounds of powdered sugar, the grated rind of two lemons and the whites of six ppets. Drcn on buttered naner cm r r r - - and bake a light brown in a moderate oven. FARM NOTES. Leave plenty of potato to your potato-eve if you want strong plants. To procerlv keen straw and hav in stacks. the stacks must be so constructed as to shed water. Oats and corn mixed in equal weight make a good ration for fattening, especially in young sheep. When the pigs are coughing it inlicites not only damp yards, but also that the roof of the shelter leaks. Whenever the wheat fields and pastures are thrown up by the frost it is best to run a roller over the crop. Scatter some of the firest, richest and best manure you have on the piece of ground intended for your onions. If von have not secured your garden seeds do so at once. The selections should all be made during the winter season. It has been suggested that farm-horses be sold by weight, in addition to other qualities, so as to induce farmers to raise larger and better horses. In Northern climates gardens and orchards should be screened from the cold winds by good hedges. The protection thus afforded is much better than high walls. Even two or three feeds of cooked turnips or potatoes each week is much better than to omit such food altogether. It is variety that promotes health and keeps the stock in con dition. Carriagf s and farm wagons might be made to last twice as long if only a few moments were spent each week during dry weather in tightening up the bolts that hold the wazon together. Sudden change? of the weather cause disease among fowls much sooner than long continued cold or warm weather. Roup, a very contagious disease, is nsually due to dampness. Give plenty of green food while the ground is frozen. Cabbages, onions and steamed chopped hay are very good for stimulating the fowls, and it will greatly increase the laying of eggs. Should spring open early, and the grass start, do not be tempted to allow the stock to graze on it until it is well under growth. Trampling on young grass does more damage than grazing it closely. The winter packing in the West last year was O.SOO.uuO hogs; the average for the pist five years is 'J.OlO.OuO; for the preceding period of five years, 0,500,000, and for ten years, ' 0.300,000, the latter number corresponding with last winter's total. Cows need light, not only for their own health and comfort, but because good butter can not be made from the milk of cows kept in dark stables. Air, light, cleanlinesi and warmth are four essentials of a cow stable where cows are kept for profit. All fowls that feather slowly are usually hardy. For instance, the Brahmas. It is owing to the fact that the drain on the system occasioned by quick feathering doss not weaken them. Slow feathering while growing is Indicative of hardiness. If your garden plot is selected, rake it over as coon as the weather will permit, and bun up every vestige of grass and weeds, so as to destroy not only seeds, but insects. A covering of straw, leaves or stalks burned over the ground will be an advantage. Fotato growers should go over the field with a common harrow, running lengthwise of the rows, just before the plants push their noses through, and thus destroy the weeds; afterward cultivate flat through the season, using only the common cultivator. It is not best to utilize trees as supports for grape vines. Not only does the vine completely shade the tree, but it becomes difficult to gather the grapes, while pruning is almost impossible. There is much discussion about the n?c?ssity and benefits from tree planting in many sections of the country. It Is not too late even now to save h supply of seeds of some kinds of fores trees. Try cutting cliver into short lengths, stcenine it ove- nicht in hot water and feed ing to the hoes. It makes a cheap food, but one of the best, not only assisting them in growth, but greatly promoting health. Kip out your unnecessary fences and pile up the posts and rails or boards neatly, and protect them from the weather until you have use for them. Every fence that is not absolutely needed is a costly nuisance. Potatoes and most vegetables will keep better in a dark, damp cellar than in a light, dry one, and will keep better in a cool cellar than in a warm one. Light is injurious to the potato, rendering it strong and unpalat able. It is claimed that 400 pounds of butter per annumrls the average of Jersey cows; but this is a high estimate, considering the neg lect given them on some farms. The cows do not average more than 300 milking days in a year, and to produce 400 pounds of butter

every year calls for a product of nearly nine pounds of butter per week for each cow. Corn is often ruined for seed in i'ie shock, or in the barn after it is got in and before husking, if the latter be delayed even a week. The dampness favors the growth of ruinate molds and fungi that kill the germ. Such corn, though apparently sound, has a dull look. Mulch heavily between the rows of straw

berries as soon as the ground freezes, and cover the plants lightly. In the spring the plants will easily grow through the mulch, and the berries will rest upon it. Leave the mulch between the rows until after fruitage then cultivate. Cornstalks have much less sweetness in them before they blossom or tassel, as it is usually called. Analysis shows this, and a cow given her choice of the two confirms the verdict of cbemical science. Thestalks improve until the ears are fully formed and begin to harden. The manure and liquid droppings from stock that have been mixed and absorbed Tvith sawdust may be applied with advan tage upon clay soils, which it lightens and relieves of that sticky, tenacious quality which prevents such soils from absorbing manure as generally applied. GUILLOTINING A WOMAN. The First Scene of the Kind In Merry France In Fifteen Tears. A woman has been guillotined in France for the first time in fifteen years, writes a Paris correspondent of The New York World. The circumstances attending the execution were horribly revolting, as were also the circumstance attending the crime. The woman had murdered her old mother, whom she considered a burden on her. She took every precaution to insure the success of the murder. She first saturated the old woman's clothing with oil, then set fire to her, and held her down with a long stick while the decrepit old creature was roasting to death. The old woman cried piteously for mercy, but the heartless daughter held her down till she was burned to a crisp. And then, to crown murder with blasphemy, she j 'laced a lighted candle before the statue of the Virgin, as an act of thanksgiving for the successful issue of the murder of her mother, The inhabitants of the Kamortin, in which the crime took place, were thrown into a state of unspeakable excitement. The authorities had much difficulty to prevent the people from mobbing the prison and lynching the prisoner. A speedy trial and trials in France are always Epeedy alone satisfied the populace. The woman was promptly condemned to death. The French, as is known, are repugnant to the death sentence, and French juries come in for ridicule, apropos of "extenuating circumstances." But in this case the trial was over before other trials would have been begun. Filial love in France is one of the strongest 'characteristics of the peasantry, and anyone who abuses a parent is relentlessly tabooed from society. In the present instance the repugnance of the people in regard to the execution of a woman was overcome bv the atrocity of the crime, and President Grevy, who is opposed to capital punishment on principle, aud wfco sends nine out of ten murderers to New Caledonia instead of to M. Deibler's machine, signed the death-warrant without question. When the arrival of M. Deibler becar. 6 known to the people of the town, the evening before the execution, there was general rejoicing. The people remained up all night to witness the execution in the morning. Most of them were on the ground outside the prison as early as midnight. When, about 5 o'clock in the morning, the tumbril or cart appeared bearing the murderess to the place of execution the assembled multitude sent up a joyous shout The distance from the jail to the execution ground was long, but the entire populace of the town followed the death cortege. All along the way the people hooted and jeered, the vs omen especially, and pressed at times so threateningly around the vehicle that the gendarmes had to draw their weapons. On arriving at the fatal spot a dead silence fell on the multitude. The woman was ordered to descend from the vehicle, but she did not respond to the summons. She had fainted. The officers removed her and carried her to the guillotine, which was grimly StandiDg in the morning light. On her way she recovered her senses and screamed and resisted. She was prom ply placed on the fatal instrument, with her head thrust through the bascule. Her screams were drowned by the shouts of the assembled people. They crushed around the instrument despite the efforts of the gendarmes to keep them back. Mothers held up their babies and men hold up their little boys at arms' length to let them witness the execution of the murderess, that they might remember the lesson for life. M. Deibler. who is a humane man, as far as such may be said of an executioner, did not prolong the scene. He touched the ' button while the culprit was screaming and the assembled people shouting. The heal dropped into the basket; the body was thrown, with the dissevered bead, int- a wagon and burned off to the cemetery. The attendants of M. Deibler washed the blood from the flags and machine with their sponges, and immense crowds returned home satisfied that justice bad been meted out to the unnatural daughter Who had so cruelly murdered ber aged mother. It is seldom such a ghastly scene is witnessed in France. SCENE IN AN IRISH COURT. One of Mr. Dillon's Followers Deliefl the Judge and is Sent to Jail. 1 Dublin Correspondent London News.1 To-day in the Bankruptcy Court, before Judge Boy, the case of Thomas Moroney, tenant farmer and shop-keeper, Herbertstown, Connty Limerick, was listed for the first public sitting. On the last day on which the case was before the court, Mr. Moroney was examined by Mr. Gerrard, C, on the part of the assignees, with . reference to the adoption of the plan of campaign by the tenants on the O'Grady estate, where Mr, Moroney holds bis land. Mr. John Dillon, M. P., and Mr. William O'Brien arrived in the court at 11 o'clock, before the Judge had taken his sea', and occupied places on one of the benches beside Mr. Moroney during the proceedings When Moroney was called into the witnessbox, and when the Registrar tendered him the book, he said : "I refuse to take the oath." Judge Covd ; "On what grounds de you refuse." "Mr. Moroney: "From the notice to quit 1 beg your pardon, notices to quit are so much in my mind I made the mistake; but for the notice to attend this Bankruptcy Court." Judge Boyd: "Now, look you here, sir. I beg to give yoa notice at once that I won't." Mr. Moronev (standing up in the witness-box and holding oat his bands): Far dearer tbe grave or the prison, liiumcd by oue patriot name; Than the trophies of all who have risen m liberty 's ruins to lame. Judge Boyd. You bad better behave yourself. I won't allow any improper language to be made use of in this court. Mr. Moroney I have a great power on my side God and my country. Judge Boyd. Have a care, sir, take the book and listen to the oath. V T nn't tTrtrn- T refnsö to take the oath. Mr. Dundon. I appear for ... . . li the bankrupt, my iora, ana uis reasons iur refusing to take the oath are these: "lie tira that tcj nrt ronl RpnoA nf the Word is be a bankrupt; that he had been made a bankrupt in his capacny oi a snop-aeeper by reason of a debt due in his capacity tf o tsn.nf furrfier TTa MTU that tbe action brought against him in this court is a vile and infamous attempt to crusn him as a tenant farmer and a shop-keeper; and therefore it ia that he refuses to be examined and to be sworn. That is his explanation. There is another matter thit, ma Yii a unliM tnr I hpf tn hrln? before Your Lordship. The adjudication by which he has been made a Dantrupi nas Deen appealed against, and that appeal is still pendfniT nt mnn m v Tird. we don't know what the issue of that appeal may be, but I have been adyised by Tery erainen cgua

sei that the appeal will be allowed." Judge Boyd said that was no justification for his not being sworn. This was the first public sitting after his adjudication, and according to the stautute he was there to answer upon oath such questions as might be put to him by his creditors, or those representing them. Mr. Gerrard, who appeared for the assigness, pressed to have tbe bankrupt sworn. Judge Boyd (to Mr. Moroney): "Take the book, sir." Mr. Moroney (determinedly): "I refuse to take the oath." Judge Boyd (to the registrar): "Make out an order for his committal for contempt of court." Mr. Moroney here stood up in the witressbox and flourished the cartoon of the United Ireland. Judge Boyd: "Sit down, sir; don't make a braggadocio in this court. You will have to conduct yourself with propriety." Jar. Moroney: "I know how to conduct myself." JndgeBoyd: "You must conduct yourself With propriety in this court." Mr. Moroney resumed his seat in the witness-box, and taking a copy of this week's United Ireland out of his pocket, proceedly quietly to read it; in the meantime the registrar was busy making out the committal order. Judge Boyd signed the commitment order, and it was handed to the officer of the court, who immediately placed Mr. Moroney under arrest. He was conducted to a side bench in the court while arrangements were being made for a conveyance ta Kilmainham. After some minutes the officer directed Mr. Moroney to accompany him, and, with the greatest readiness, Mr. Moroney rose from his seat and moved toward the door with the officer. Before he left the court he turned and shouted in a loud voice: "Hurrah for the plan of campaign!" A crowd had assembled in the yard, and a car was in readiness. Mr. Moroney and the officer of the conrt got up on one side and two police onstables on the other. Several friends rushed up and shook hands with Mr. Moroney, and cried out: "Hurrah for the plan, and hurrah for the women of Ltmerick." The car then drove off toward Kilmainham amid cries from the crowd of: "Bravo Limerick'." Mr. Dillon, M. P., and Mr. O'Brien got upon another car and drove after Mr. Moroney. At the prison. Messrs. Dillon ard O'Brien had an interview with the Governor, who informed them that Mr. Moroney would be treated e3 a first-class misdemeanant. Last night a number of city bands prodeeded to Kilmainham Jail and played national airs in honor of the bankrupt Moroney, who bad been committed for contempt of court by Judge Boyd. Mr. William O'Brien spoke from an outside car. He said that if all the tenants in Ireland acted ai

Moroney had. done they would soon see the green flag floating over Kilmainham and tbey would make short work of the landlords. He promised them that Moroney was a happier man in his prison cell to-night than Sir Michael Hicks Beach on the treasury bench, or Mr. GoscheD, who had not a seat to sit on. While Mr. O'Brien was speaking a Police Sergeant, who was present with a large force of police, called upon him to desist, but he faid no attention to the police officer, lands afterward played opposite the Imperial Hotel, in Sackville street, and speeches were delivered by Messrs. Dillon, M. P.; Lea my, M. P. ; Gill, M. P., and Mr. O'Brien. The crowd sang "God Save Ireland" before separating. The Favorite Food at Cuda-l'esth. San Francisco Chronicle. The goose, as I have several times had oc casion to remark, is a bird that, after it is dead, constantly thrusts itself on the strang er s attention in Austria. Its apparition is frequent on the tables and hotels at Vienna, and it reappears more frequently as you descend the Danube. It is the most chosen viand at Euda-Besth. Here it achieves its apotheos:s. But it is not so much to the bird itself as to that important organ, its liver, that I desire to direct attention. The local commerce in this delicacy is considerable. On certain streets the attention of the pedestrian is attracted by the counterfeit presentment of a goose deed and cooked, beside which is a painted object so nearly like that he is aware it is the liver of the deceased bird. This sign indicates a shop whose sole business is to sell roasted goose cut into pieces, goose livers, and a sort of biscuit made of chopped goose and flour. Here is a temptation to those who are fond of pa;e de foie gras. On entering the dealer is discovered standing behind a huge tray tilled with livers arranged in rows, armed with a fork resembling Neptrme's trident. He passes the trident mystically over the livers and names the prices 20 kreutzers, 25 kreutzers. M, 40, 50 kreutzers, the latter being from giant birds and weighing nearly a pound. You take one of the smallest as a starter, and a biscuit, and adjourn to a neighboring wine-shop, properly adjust your digestive apparatus to the nnctuous viand with a "fourth'-' of white Hungarian wine. No bad result follows, as with the artificially-fatted livers that cost their weight in gold in America. Your digestion continues excellent. What is the effect? The next day you come back and buy a liver twice ibe size, take two rations of biscuit, and wash the repast down with a "half of the same wine, and so on. As this ratio of increase can not go on forever, you find yourself obliged to leave town a day or two sooner than you Intended, to subdue a growing appetite, taking with you in your valise a few pounds of goose livers to satisfy the pangs of hunger and solace the regret of parting, for you know when you have left the Danube you can see this luxury no iflore. Whisky Cointng Home. Baltimore Sua.l A considerable quantity of whisky, whi'u was exported in 18S5 and lsO to eseape i imediate payment of the revenue tax of ) cents on the gallon, isteing brought back -o this country to be put on the market. 1) ing the years 1879, 1SS0 and 1SS1 the dist' (- eries of this country were run t their fallest capacity, working night and day. The result was the overstocking of the market. TL Government, by legislation, allowed the div tlllers to keep their product in bond for three years, at the end of which time they were required to take it out and pay the internal revenue tax. The Government refused to extend the time when the three years expired, and the distillers did not want to throw their goods on the market. They were allowed under the law to withdraw the whisky from bonded warehouses for export. This they did. and thousands of barrels were withdrawn and sent to Europe. The distillers say that the cost of sending it away and storing it did not amount to more than $1 a barrel a year, or about 2)1 cents a gallon. By keeping it away a year the distillers gained about 15 per cent, in quality and price, besides coming back on a better market. L'sefal and Ilortfol Medicine. There is a certain class of remedies for constipation absolutely useless. Thes-e arc boluses and potions ma.le in great part of podopliyllin, aloes, rhubarb, gamboge and other worthless ingrcdicnt. The damage they do to the stomachs of those who use them is incalculable. Tk:y tvicuate the bowels, it is true, but always do so violently and profusely, and, besides, gripe tae bowels. Their effect Is to weaken both them and the stomach. Better far to use tbe ajrreeab'.e and salutary aperient, llos tetter's Stomach Bitters, ttie laxative effect of which is never preceded by pain, or accompanied by a convulsive, violent action of the bowels. On the coatrary, it invigorates those organs, the stomach and the entire system. As a means of curing and preventing malarial levers, no medicine can compare with It, and it remedies nervous debility, rheumatism, kilnev and bladder inactivity, and other inorganic ailments. Consumptives obtain great relief by the use of Ayer's Cherry 1'ectorai..No ether remedy is so effective. There are many accidents and diseases which affect stock and cause serious inconvenience and loss to the firmer in bis work, which may be quicklr remedied by the use of Vr. J, H. McLean's Volcanic Oil Liniment,

R. R. R.

R. R. R. READY RELIEF. The Cheapest and Best Medicine for Fmi: j Use in the W orld. Sore Throat, Colds, Coughs, Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Inflammation, Sciatica,' Lumbago, Rheumatism, euralgia, Headache, Toothache,'Nervousness, Diphtheria, Influenza, Difficult Breathing,' Cured and Prevented by Radwavs Readv Relief? THE ONLY PAIN REMEDY That instantly stors the most excruciating pains,' allays Inflammation and euros Congestion.whether of the Lungs, titomach, Bowels, or other glands oc organs, by one application. IS FROM ONE TO TTOTT MKUTE5! No matter bow violent or excruciating the piln the Rheumatic, ßed-ridden, Infirm, Crippled, Nervous, Neuralgic, or prostrated with disease, may suCtr, Rad way's Ready Relief WILL AFFORD INSTANT EASE. Inflammation cf the Kidneys, Inflammation of tn3 Hadder, Inflammation of the Bowels, Congestion of the Lunps, Palpitation of the Heart, Hysterics, Croup, Diphtheria, Catarrh, influenza. Headache, Tootnache, Neuralgia, Kbeumatism. Cold Chills, Ague Chills, ChiiLl&ins, Frostbites, Nervousness, ßleenlcssnefs. The application of the Fdy Kelief to the part or parts where the difSculty or pain exists will afford ease and comfort Thirty to sixty drops In half a tumbler of water will In a few mi mitt cure Cramps, Sour Stomach. Heartburn, Sick Headache, Uiarrtea, Dysentery, Colic, Wind inthe Bowels, and all internal pains, MALARIA CHILL9 AND FEVER, FEVER AND AGUE CONQUERED. Radwavs Ready Relief Not only cures the patient seized with this terrible fee to stttlers in newly settled districts, where the malaria or ague exist, but if people exposed, to it will, every morning on getting out of .bed, take twenty or thirty drops of the Ready Relief la a glass of water, and drink it, and eat say a cracker, they will escape attacks. Fever and Ague Icured for r)0rcent9. There Is not a remedial agent in this world that will cure Fever and Aene and all other malarious, bilious, scarlet, typhoid, yellow and other fevers (aided by Radwav's Iliis) to quickly as Radway's Ready Relief. FIFTY CENTS PER BOTTLE; . Sold by Drncslsts. DRe RADWAY'S SARSAPARILLIAN RESOLVENT The Great Blood Purifier, For the Cure of All Chronic Diseases.1 Chronic Rheumatism, Scrofula, gyphiiiUc Com plaint, etc.. Glandular fcwei;inp, tiKtwg urj Cough, Cancerous Aßectiors, Bleeding of the Lungs, Dyspepsia, Water Brash, White cSwelllnf?, Tumors. Pimples, Blotches, Eruption of the Face, I'lcers, Elp Disease, Gout, DropEy, Kicket, gait Rheum, Bronchitis, Consumption, Liver Com plaints, etc. The wonderful cures effected by the Sarsaparlllian Resolvent of Kidney, Biadder, Ovarian and Urinary Disease, its marvelous power in dissolving Btone and calculous concretions, curing gravel, gleet aud discharges from the genital glands; ita lower over the Kidneys in establishing a healthy secretion ol urine, curing Diabetes, lnfiammatioa or Irritation of the Bladder. Albuminous or Brick Dust Deposits or Deposits of White Hnrt, et., establish its ehaiacter as A GREAT CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDY. Kiir.eys Returning to a Healthy State KAntriT & CO. 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Kidneys, Bladder, Nervous Diseases, ConMipation, Conmness, indieestion, Dy'M?ri, Biliousness, Fever, Inflammation of the Bowels, Hies, and,all derangements of tbe Internal vUeera. Jureiy vegetable, containing no mercury, minerals, or deleterious drugs. , Itircatlon made perfect by DR. K.VI)AH TILLS. I nllormity and Safety of Action ä-cu ned. Perfect Digestion will be accomplished by taking one ot RADWAVS PILLS every morning about 1U' o'clock as a dinner pUL By so ooins SICK HEADACHE Dyspepsia. Toni Etomacta, Bllioumcsa will' bo avoided and the food that Is eaten contribute ita. nourishing properties for the support oi ue natural waste of the body. Otwerve the following symptims reviHmg from Disea3 of the Digemve Ore w: Coastipation.llnward Ilka. Fullness of the Elool in the Head, Acidity of the etomach, Nausea, HerUurn, Disgust of Food. Fullness or Weight la tho stomach! Sour Eructations, Sinking or Fluttering ot tte Heart, Choking or Suffocating Hen&auone when in a lying posture. Dimness oi lslon, Dots or Webs before the Sight, Fever and Dull Pain la the Head, Deficiency of Perspiration, f.llowncf s of tbe Skin and Eyes, Pain in the Side, .he-t. Limb and Sudden Flushe-aof Heat, Burning la "a FfS?doii of RADWAY'S FILLS wIU free the tTstem of all the above named disorders. Price 25 cenU per box. Sold by , Send a letter stamp to DR. RAD w AY b CO., NO, 32 Warren street, New York. 'Information worth thousands will be sent W yon' TO THE PUBLIC. . I fy t rtl" , VO' mA thA I name "RAUW AY" IS 03 WDftt T01 tI ZZl 13